]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/commitdiff
lzx_compress.c: optimize output of items
authorEric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Sat, 19 Sep 2015 18:56:02 +0000 (13:56 -0500)
committerEric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Sun, 27 Sep 2015 14:41:13 +0000 (09:41 -0500)
src/lzx_compress.c

index b2c95ba29f6285b9c9281dc01082c70eefd0003c..8a14f3c84a60d0b86d9fed9b08ae1b3f6273c377 100644 (file)
@@ -201,14 +201,28 @@ struct lzx_freqs {
        u32 aligned[LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS];
 };
 
-/* Intermediate LZX match/literal format  */
-struct lzx_item {
-
-       /* Bits 0  -  9: Main symbol
-        * Bits 10 - 17: Length symbol
-        * Bits 18 - 22: Number of extra offset bits
-        * Bits 23+    : Extra offset bits  */
-       u64 data;
+/*
+ * Represents a run of literals followed by a match or end-of-block.  This
+ * struct is needed to temporarily store items chosen by the parser, since items
+ * cannot be written until all items for the block have been chosen and the
+ * block's Huffman codes have been computed.
+ */
+struct lzx_sequence {
+
+       /* The number of literals in the run.  This may be 0.  The literals are
+        * not stored explicitly in this structure; instead, they are read
+        * directly from the uncompressed data.  */
+       u16 litrunlen;
+
+       /* If the next field doesn't indicate end-of-block, then this is the
+        * match length minus LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN.  */
+       u16 adjusted_length;
+
+       /* If bit 31 is clear, then this field contains the match header in bits
+        * 0-8 and the match offset minus LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT in bits 9-30.
+        * Otherwise, this sequence's literal run was the last literal run in
+        * the block, so there is no match that follows it.  */
+       u32 adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -235,7 +249,7 @@ struct lzx_optimum_node {
         * This variable is divided into two bitfields.
         *
         * Literals:
-        *      Low bits are 1, high bits are the literal.
+        *      Low bits are 0, high bits are the literal.
         *
         * Explicit offset matches:
         *      Low bits are the match length, high bits are the offset plus 2.
@@ -381,30 +395,18 @@ struct lzx_compressor {
        struct lzx_codes codes[2];
        unsigned codes_index;
 
-       /*
-        * The match/literal sequence the algorithm chose for the current block.
-        *
-        * Notes on how large this array actually needs to be:
-        *
-        * - In lzx_compress_near_optimal(), the maximum block size is
-        *   'LZX_DIV_BLOCK_SIZE + LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN - 1' bytes.  This occurs if
-        *   a match of the maximum length is found on the last byte.  Although
-        *   it is impossible for this particular case to actually result in a
-        *   parse of all literals, we reserve this many spaces anyway.
-        *
-        * - The worst case for lzx_compress_lazy() is a block of almost all
-        *   literals that ends with a series of matches of increasing scores,
-        *   causing a sequence of literals to be chosen before the last match
-        *   is finally chosen.  The number of items actually chosen in this
-        *   scenario is limited by the number of distinct match scores that
-        *   exist for matches shorter than 'nice_match_length'.  Having
-        *   'LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN - 1' extra spaces is plenty for now.
-        */
-       struct lzx_item chosen_items[LZX_DIV_BLOCK_SIZE + LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN - 1];
+       /* The matches and literals that the parser has chosen for the current
+        * block.  The required length of this array is limited by the maximum
+        * number of matches that can ever be chosen for a single block.  */
+       struct lzx_sequence chosen_sequences[DIV_ROUND_UP(LZX_DIV_BLOCK_SIZE, LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN)];
+
+       /* Tables for mapping adjusted offsets to offset slots  */
+
+       /* offset slots [0, 29]  */
+       u8 offset_slot_tab_1[32768];
 
-       /* Table mapping match offset => offset slot for small offsets  */
-#define LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS 32768
-       u8 offset_slot_fast[LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS];
+       /* offset slots [30, 49]  */
+       u8 offset_slot_tab_2[128];
 
        union {
                /* Data for greedy or lazy parsing  */
@@ -818,61 +820,6 @@ lzx_write_compressed_code(struct lzx_output_bitstream *os,
        *(u8 *)(lens + num_lens) = saved;
 }
 
-/* Output a match or literal.  */
-static inline void
-lzx_write_item(struct lzx_output_bitstream *os, struct lzx_item item,
-              unsigned ones_if_aligned, const struct lzx_codes *codes)
-{
-       u64 data = item.data;
-       unsigned main_symbol;
-       unsigned len_symbol;
-       unsigned num_extra_bits;
-       u32 extra_bits;
-
-       main_symbol = data & 0x3FF;
-
-       lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.main[main_symbol],
-                         codes->lens.main[main_symbol],
-                         LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN);
-
-       if (main_symbol < LZX_NUM_CHARS)  /* Literal?  */
-               return;
-
-       len_symbol = (data >> 10) & 0xFF;
-
-       if (len_symbol != LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS) {
-               lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.len[len_symbol],
-                                 codes->lens.len[len_symbol],
-                                 LZX_MAX_LEN_CODEWORD_LEN);
-       }
-
-       num_extra_bits = (data >> 18) & 0x1F;
-       if (num_extra_bits == 0)  /* Small offset or repeat offset match?  */
-               return;
-
-       extra_bits = data >> 23;
-
-       if ((num_extra_bits & ones_if_aligned) >= LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS) {
-
-               /* Aligned offset blocks: The low 3 bits of the extra offset
-                * bits are Huffman-encoded using the aligned offset code.  The
-                * remaining bits are output literally.  */
-
-               lzx_write_varbits(os, extra_bits >> LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS,
-                                 num_extra_bits - LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS,
-                                 17 - LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS);
-
-               lzx_write_varbits(os,
-                                 codes->codewords.aligned[extra_bits & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK],
-                                 codes->lens.aligned[extra_bits & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK],
-                                 LZX_MAX_ALIGNED_CODEWORD_LEN);
-       } else {
-               /* Verbatim blocks, or fewer than 3 extra bits:  All extra
-                * offset bits are output literally.  */
-               lzx_write_varbits(os, extra_bits, num_extra_bits, 17);
-       }
-}
-
 /*
  * Write all matches and literal bytes (which were precomputed) in an LZX
  * compressed block to the output bitstream in the final compressed
@@ -883,32 +830,107 @@ lzx_write_item(struct lzx_output_bitstream *os, struct lzx_item item,
  * @block_type
  *     The chosen type of the LZX compressed block (LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED or
  *     LZX_BLOCKTYPE_VERBATIM).
- * @items
- *     The array of matches/literals to output.
- * @num_items
- *     Number of matches/literals to output (length of @items).
+ * @block_data
+ *     The uncompressed data of the block.
+ * @sequences
+ *     The matches and literals to output, given as a series of sequences.
  * @codes
  *     The main, length, and aligned offset Huffman codes for the current
  *     LZX compressed block.
  */
 static void
-lzx_write_items(struct lzx_output_bitstream *os, int block_type,
-               const struct lzx_item items[], u32 num_items,
-               const struct lzx_codes *codes)
+lzx_write_sequences(struct lzx_output_bitstream *os, int block_type,
+                   const u8 *block_data, const struct lzx_sequence sequences[],
+                   const struct lzx_codes *codes)
 {
-       unsigned ones_if_aligned = 0U - (block_type == LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED);
+       const struct lzx_sequence *seq = sequences;
+       u32 ones_if_aligned = 0 - (block_type == LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED);
+
+       for (;;) {
+               /* Output the next sequence.  */
+
+               unsigned litrunlen = seq->litrunlen;
+               unsigned match_hdr;
+               unsigned main_symbol;
+               unsigned adjusted_length;
+               u32 adjusted_offset;
+               unsigned offset_slot;
+               unsigned num_extra_bits;
+               u32 extra_bits;
+
+               /* Output the literal run of the sequence.  */
+
+               if (litrunlen) {
+                       do {
+                               unsigned lit = *block_data++;
+                               lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.main[lit],
+                                                 codes->lens.main[lit],
+                                                 LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN);
+                       } while (--litrunlen);
+               }
+
+               /* Was this the last literal run?  */
+               if (seq->adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr & 0x80000000)
+                       return;
 
-       for (u32 i = 0; i < num_items; i++)
-               lzx_write_item(os, items[i], ones_if_aligned, codes);
+               /* Nope; output the match.  */
+
+               match_hdr = seq->adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr & 0x1FF;
+               main_symbol = LZX_NUM_CHARS + match_hdr;
+               adjusted_length = seq->adjusted_length;
+
+               block_data += adjusted_length + LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
+
+               offset_slot = match_hdr / LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
+               adjusted_offset = seq->adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr >> 9;
+
+               num_extra_bits = lzx_extra_offset_bits[offset_slot];
+               extra_bits = adjusted_offset - lzx_offset_slot_base[offset_slot];
+
+               /* Output the main symbol for the match.  */
+               lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.main[main_symbol],
+                                 codes->lens.main[main_symbol],
+                                 LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN);
+
+               /* If needed, output the length symbol for the match.  */
+
+               if (adjusted_length >= LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
+                       lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.len[adjusted_length - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS],
+                                         codes->lens.len[adjusted_length - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS],
+                                         LZX_MAX_LEN_CODEWORD_LEN);
+               }
+
+               /* Output the extra offset bits for the match.  In aligned
+                * offset blocks, the lowest 3 bits of the adjusted offset are
+                * Huffman-encoded using the aligned offset code, provided that
+                * there are at least extra 3 offset bits required.  All other
+                * extra offset bits are output verbatim.  */
+
+               if ((adjusted_offset & ones_if_aligned) >= 16) {
+
+                       lzx_write_varbits(os, extra_bits >> LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS,
+                                         num_extra_bits - LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS,
+                                         14);
+
+                       lzx_write_varbits(os, codes->codewords.aligned[adjusted_offset & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK],
+                                         codes->lens.aligned[adjusted_offset & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK],
+                                         LZX_MAX_ALIGNED_CODEWORD_LEN);
+               } else {
+                       lzx_write_varbits(os, extra_bits, num_extra_bits, 17);
+               }
+
+               /* Advance to the next sequence.  */
+               seq++;
+       }
 }
 
 static void
-lzx_write_compressed_block(int block_type,
+lzx_write_compressed_block(const u8 *block_begin,
+                          int block_type,
                           u32 block_size,
                           unsigned window_order,
                           unsigned num_main_syms,
-                          const struct lzx_item chosen_items[],
-                          u32 num_chosen_items,
+                          const struct lzx_sequence sequences[],
                           const struct lzx_codes * codes,
                           const struct lzx_lens * prev_lens,
                           struct lzx_output_bitstream * os)
@@ -968,7 +990,7 @@ lzx_write_compressed_block(int block_type,
                                  LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS);
 
        /* Output the compressed matches and literals.  */
-       lzx_write_items(os, block_type, chosen_items, num_chosen_items, codes);
+       lzx_write_sequences(os, block_type, block_begin, sequences, codes);
 }
 
 /* Given the frequencies of symbols in an LZX-compressed block and the
@@ -998,6 +1020,18 @@ lzx_choose_verbatim_or_aligned(const struct lzx_freqs * freqs,
                return LZX_BLOCKTYPE_VERBATIM;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the offset slot for the specified adjusted match offset, using the
+ * compressor's acceleration tables to speed up the mapping.
+ */
+static inline unsigned
+lzx_comp_get_offset_slot(struct lzx_compressor *c, u32 adjusted_offset)
+{
+       if (adjusted_offset < ARRAY_LEN(c->offset_slot_tab_1))
+               return c->offset_slot_tab_1[adjusted_offset];
+       return c->offset_slot_tab_2[adjusted_offset >> 14];
+}
+
 /*
  * Finish an LZX block:
  *
@@ -1008,7 +1042,7 @@ lzx_choose_verbatim_or_aligned(const struct lzx_freqs * freqs,
  */
 static void
 lzx_finish_block(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os,
-                u32 block_size, u32 num_chosen_items)
+                const u8 *block_begin, u32 block_size, u32 seq_idx)
 {
        int block_type;
 
@@ -1016,181 +1050,245 @@ lzx_finish_block(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os,
 
        block_type = lzx_choose_verbatim_or_aligned(&c->freqs,
                                                    &c->codes[c->codes_index]);
-       lzx_write_compressed_block(block_type,
+       lzx_write_compressed_block(block_begin,
+                                  block_type,
                                   block_size,
                                   c->window_order,
                                   c->num_main_syms,
-                                  c->chosen_items,
-                                  num_chosen_items,
+                                  &c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx],
                                   &c->codes[c->codes_index],
                                   &c->codes[c->codes_index ^ 1].lens,
                                   os);
        c->codes_index ^= 1;
 }
 
-/* Return the offset slot for the specified offset, which must be
- * less than LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS.  */
-static inline unsigned
-lzx_get_offset_slot_fast(struct lzx_compressor *c, u32 offset)
+/* Tally the Huffman symbol for a literal and increment the literal run length.
+ */
+static inline void
+lzx_record_literal(struct lzx_compressor *c, unsigned literal, u32 *litrunlen_p)
 {
-       LZX_ASSERT(offset < LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS);
-       return c->offset_slot_fast[offset];
+       c->freqs.main[literal]++;
+       ++*litrunlen_p;
 }
 
-/* Tally, and optionally record, the specified literal byte.  */
+/* Tally the Huffman symbol for a match, save the match data and the length of
+ * the preceding literal run in the next lzx_sequence, and update the recent
+ * offsets queue.  */
 static inline void
-lzx_declare_literal(struct lzx_compressor *c, unsigned literal,
-                   struct lzx_item **next_chosen_item)
+lzx_record_match(struct lzx_compressor *c, unsigned length, u32 offset_data,
+                u32 recent_offsets[LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS],
+                u32 *litrunlen_p, struct lzx_sequence **next_seq_p)
 {
-       unsigned main_symbol = lzx_main_symbol_for_literal(literal);
+       u32 litrunlen = *litrunlen_p;
+       struct lzx_sequence *next_seq = *next_seq_p;
+       unsigned offset_slot;
+       unsigned v;
 
-       c->freqs.main[main_symbol]++;
+       v = length - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
 
-       if (next_chosen_item) {
-               *(*next_chosen_item)++ = (struct lzx_item) {
-                       .data = main_symbol,
-               };
+       /* Save the literal run length and adjusted length.  */
+       next_seq->litrunlen = litrunlen;
+       next_seq->adjusted_length = v;
+
+       /* Compute the length header and tally the length symbol if needed  */
+       if (v >= LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
+               c->freqs.len[v - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS]++;
+               v = LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
        }
-}
 
-/* Tally, and optionally record, the specified repeat offset match.  */
-static inline void
-lzx_declare_repeat_offset_match(struct lzx_compressor *c,
-                               unsigned len, unsigned rep_index,
-                               struct lzx_item **next_chosen_item)
-{
-       unsigned len_header;
-       unsigned len_symbol;
-       unsigned main_symbol;
+       /* Compute the offset slot  */
+       offset_slot = lzx_comp_get_offset_slot(c, offset_data);
 
-       if (len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN < LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
-               len_header = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
-               len_symbol = LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS;
-       } else {
-               len_header = LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
-               len_symbol = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
-               c->freqs.len[len_symbol]++;
-       }
+       /* Compute the match header.  */
+       v += offset_slot * LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
 
-       main_symbol = lzx_main_symbol_for_match(rep_index, len_header);
+       /* Save the adjusted offset and match header.  */
+       next_seq->adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr = (offset_data << 9) | v;
 
-       c->freqs.main[main_symbol]++;
+       /* Tally the main symbol.  */
+       c->freqs.main[LZX_NUM_CHARS + v]++;
 
-       if (next_chosen_item) {
-               *(*next_chosen_item)++ = (struct lzx_item) {
-                       .data = (u64)main_symbol | ((u64)len_symbol << 10),
-               };
+       /* Update the recent offsets queue.  */
+       if (offset_data < LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS) {
+               /* Repeat offset match  */
+               swap(recent_offsets[0], recent_offsets[offset_data]);
+       } else {
+               /* Explicit offset match  */
+
+               /* Tally the aligned offset symbol if needed  */
+               if (offset_data >= 16)
+                       c->freqs.aligned[offset_data & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK]++;
+
+               recent_offsets[2] = recent_offsets[1];
+               recent_offsets[1] = recent_offsets[0];
+               recent_offsets[0] = offset_data - LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT;
        }
+
+       /* Reset the literal run length and advance to the next sequence.  */
+       *next_seq_p = next_seq + 1;
+       *litrunlen_p = 0;
 }
 
-/* Tally, and optionally record, the specified explicit offset match.  */
+/* Finish the last lzx_sequence.  The last lzx_sequence is just a literal run;
+ * there is no match.  This literal run may be empty.  */
 static inline void
-lzx_declare_explicit_offset_match(struct lzx_compressor *c, unsigned len, u32 offset,
-                                 struct lzx_item **next_chosen_item)
+lzx_finish_sequence(struct lzx_sequence *last_seq, u32 litrunlen)
 {
-       unsigned len_header;
-       unsigned len_symbol;
-       unsigned main_symbol;
-       unsigned offset_slot;
-       unsigned num_extra_bits;
-       u32 extra_bits;
+       last_seq->litrunlen = litrunlen;
 
-       if (len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN < LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
-               len_header = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
-               len_symbol = LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS;
-       } else {
-               len_header = LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
-               len_symbol = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
-               c->freqs.len[len_symbol]++;
-       }
+       /* Special value to mark last sequence  */
+       last_seq->adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr = 0x80000000;
+}
 
-       offset_slot = (offset < LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS) ?
-                       lzx_get_offset_slot_fast(c, offset) :
-                       lzx_get_offset_slot(offset);
+/*
+ * Given the minimum-cost path computed through the item graph for the current
+ * block, walk the path and count how many of each symbol in each Huffman-coded
+ * alphabet would be required to output the items (matches and literals) along
+ * the path.
+ *
+ * Note that the path will be walked backwards (from the end of the block to the
+ * beginning of the block), but this doesn't matter because this function only
+ * computes frequencies.
+ */
+static void
+lzx_tally_item_list(struct lzx_compressor *c, u32 block_size)
+{
+       u32 node_idx = block_size;
+       for (;;) {
+               u32 len;
+               u32 offset_data;
+               unsigned v;
+               unsigned offset_slot;
 
-       main_symbol = lzx_main_symbol_for_match(offset_slot, len_header);
+               /* Tally literals until either a match or the beginning of the
+                * block is reached.  */
+               for (;;) {
+                       u32 item = c->optimum_nodes[node_idx].item;
 
-       c->freqs.main[main_symbol]++;
+                       len = item & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK;
+                       offset_data = item >> OPTIMUM_OFFSET_SHIFT;
 
-       num_extra_bits = lzx_extra_offset_bits[offset_slot];
+                       if (len != 0)  /* Not a literal?  */
+                               break;
 
-       if (num_extra_bits >= LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS)
-               c->freqs.aligned[(offset + LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT) &
-                                LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK]++;
+                       /* Tally the main symbol for the literal.  */
+                       c->freqs.main[offset_data]++;
 
-       if (next_chosen_item) {
+                       if (--node_idx == 0) /* Beginning of block was reached?  */
+                               return;
+               }
 
-               extra_bits = (offset + LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT) -
-                            lzx_offset_slot_base[offset_slot];
+               node_idx -= len;
 
-               STATIC_ASSERT(LZX_MAINCODE_MAX_NUM_SYMBOLS <= (1 << 10));
-               STATIC_ASSERT(LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS <= (1 << 8));
-               *(*next_chosen_item)++ = (struct lzx_item) {
-                       .data = (u64)main_symbol |
-                               ((u64)len_symbol << 10) |
-                               ((u64)num_extra_bits << 18) |
-                               ((u64)extra_bits << 23),
-               };
-       }
-}
+               /* Tally a match.  */
 
+               /* Tally the aligned offset symbol if needed.  */
+               if (offset_data >= 16)
+                       c->freqs.aligned[offset_data & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK]++;
 
-/* Tally, and optionally record, the specified match or literal.  */
-static inline void
-lzx_declare_item(struct lzx_compressor *c, u32 item,
-                struct lzx_item **next_chosen_item)
-{
-       u32 len = item & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK;
-       u32 offset_data = item >> OPTIMUM_OFFSET_SHIFT;
-
-       if (len == 1)
-               lzx_declare_literal(c, offset_data, next_chosen_item);
-       else if (offset_data < LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS)
-               lzx_declare_repeat_offset_match(c, len, offset_data,
-                                               next_chosen_item);
-       else
-               lzx_declare_explicit_offset_match(c, len,
-                                                 offset_data - LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT,
-                                                 next_chosen_item);
-}
+               /* Tally the length symbol if needed.  */
+               v = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;;
+               if (v >= LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
+                       c->freqs.len[v - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS]++;
+                       v = LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
+               }
 
-static inline void
-lzx_record_item_list(struct lzx_compressor *c,
-                    struct lzx_optimum_node *cur_node,
-                    struct lzx_item **next_chosen_item)
-{
-       struct lzx_optimum_node *end_node;
-       u32 saved_item;
-       u32 item;
+               /* Tally the main symbol.  */
+               offset_slot = lzx_comp_get_offset_slot(c, offset_data);
+               v += offset_slot * LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
+               c->freqs.main[LZX_NUM_CHARS + v]++;
 
-       /* The list is currently in reverse order (last item to first item).
-        * Reverse it.  */
-       end_node = cur_node;
-       saved_item = cur_node->item;
-       do {
-               item = saved_item;
-               cur_node -= item & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK;
-               saved_item = cur_node->item;
-               cur_node->item = item;
-       } while (cur_node != c->optimum_nodes);
-
-       /* Walk the list of items from beginning to end, tallying and recording
-        * each item.  */
-       do {
-               lzx_declare_item(c, cur_node->item, next_chosen_item);
-               cur_node += (cur_node->item) & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK;
-       } while (cur_node != end_node);
+               if (node_idx == 0) /* Beginning of block was reached?  */
+                       return;
+       }
 }
 
-static inline void
-lzx_tally_item_list(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_optimum_node *cur_node)
+/*
+ * Like lzx_tally_item_list(), but this function also generates the list of
+ * lzx_sequences for the minimum-cost path and writes it to c->chosen_sequences,
+ * ready to be output to the bitstream after the Huffman codes are computed.
+ * The lzx_sequences will be written to decreasing memory addresses as the path
+ * is walked backwards, which means they will end up in the expected
+ * first-to-last order.  The return value is the index in c->chosen_sequences at
+ * which the lzx_sequences begin.
+ */
+static u32
+lzx_record_item_list(struct lzx_compressor *c, u32 block_size)
 {
-       /* Since we're just tallying the items, we don't need to reverse the
-        * list.  Processing the items in reverse order is fine.  */
-       do {
-               lzx_declare_item(c, cur_node->item, NULL);
-               cur_node -= (cur_node->item & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK);
-       } while (cur_node != c->optimum_nodes);
+       u32 node_idx = block_size;
+       u32 seq_idx = ARRAY_LEN(c->chosen_sequences) - 1;
+       u32 lit_start_node;
+
+       /* Special value to mark last sequence  */
+       c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx].adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr = 0x80000000;
+
+       lit_start_node = node_idx;
+       for (;;) {
+               u32 len;
+               u32 offset_data;
+               unsigned v;
+               unsigned offset_slot;
+
+               /* Record literals until either a match or the beginning of the
+                * block is reached.  */
+               for (;;) {
+                       u32 item = c->optimum_nodes[node_idx].item;
+
+                       len = item & OPTIMUM_LEN_MASK;
+                       offset_data = item >> OPTIMUM_OFFSET_SHIFT;
+
+                       if (len != 0) /* Not a literal?  */
+                               break;
+
+                       /* Tally the main symbol for the literal.  */
+                       c->freqs.main[offset_data]++;
+
+                       if (--node_idx == 0) /* Beginning of block was reached?  */
+                               goto out;
+               }
+
+               /* Save the literal run length for the next sequence (the
+                * "previous sequence" when walking backwards).  */
+               c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx--].litrunlen = lit_start_node - node_idx;
+               node_idx -= len;
+               lit_start_node = node_idx;
+
+               /* Record a match.  */
+
+               /* Tally the aligned offset symbol if needed.  */
+               if (offset_data >= 16)
+                       c->freqs.aligned[offset_data & LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK]++;
+
+               /* Save the adjusted length.  */
+               v = len - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
+               c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx].adjusted_length = v;
+
+               /* Tally the length symbol if needed.  */
+               if (v >= LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS) {
+                       c->freqs.len[v - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS]++;
+                       v = LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS;
+               }
+
+               /* Tally the main symbol.  */
+               offset_slot = lzx_comp_get_offset_slot(c, offset_data);
+               v += offset_slot * LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
+               c->freqs.main[LZX_NUM_CHARS + v]++;
+
+               /* Save the adjusted offset and match header.  */
+               c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx].adjusted_offset_and_match_hdr =
+                               (offset_data << 9) | v;
+
+               if (node_idx == 0) /* Beginning of block was reached?  */
+                       goto out;
+       }
+
+out:
+       /* Save the literal run length for the first sequence.  */
+       c->chosen_sequences[seq_idx].litrunlen = lit_start_node - node_idx;
+
+       /* Return the index in c->chosen_sequences at which the lzx_sequences
+        * begin.  */
+       return seq_idx;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1374,9 +1472,7 @@ lzx_find_min_cost_path(struct lzx_compressor * const restrict c,
                        do {
                                u32 offset = cache_ptr->offset;
                                u32 offset_data = offset + LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT;
-                               unsigned offset_slot = (offset < LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS) ?
-                                               lzx_get_offset_slot_fast(c, offset) :
-                                               lzx_get_offset_slot(offset);
+                               unsigned offset_slot = lzx_comp_get_offset_slot(c, offset_data);
                                do {
                                        u32 cost = cur_node->cost +
                                                   c->costs.match_cost[offset_slot][
@@ -1417,7 +1513,7 @@ lzx_find_min_cost_path(struct lzx_compressor * const restrict c,
                if (cost <= cur_node->cost) {
                        /* Literal: queue remains unchanged.  */
                        cur_node->cost = cost;
-                       cur_node->item = (literal << OPTIMUM_OFFSET_SHIFT) | 1;
+                       cur_node->item = (u32)literal << OPTIMUM_OFFSET_SHIFT;
                        QUEUE(in_next) = QUEUE(in_next - 1);
                } else {
                        /* Match: queue update is needed.  */
@@ -1544,14 +1640,15 @@ lzx_update_costs(struct lzx_compressor *c)
 }
 
 static struct lzx_lru_queue
-lzx_optimize_and_write_block(struct lzx_compressor *c,
-                            struct lzx_output_bitstream *os,
-                            const u8 *block_begin, const u32 block_size,
+lzx_optimize_and_write_block(struct lzx_compressor * const restrict c,
+                            struct lzx_output_bitstream * const restrict os,
+                            const u8 * const restrict block_begin,
+                            const u32 block_size,
                             const struct lzx_lru_queue initial_queue)
 {
        unsigned num_passes_remaining = c->num_optim_passes;
-       struct lzx_item *next_chosen_item;
        struct lzx_lru_queue new_queue;
+       u32 seq_idx;
 
        /* The first optimization pass uses a default cost model.  Each
         * additional optimization pass uses a cost model derived from the
@@ -1563,16 +1660,15 @@ lzx_optimize_and_write_block(struct lzx_compressor *c,
                new_queue = lzx_find_min_cost_path(c, block_begin, block_size,
                                                   initial_queue);
                if (num_passes_remaining > 1) {
-                       lzx_tally_item_list(c, c->optimum_nodes + block_size);
+                       lzx_tally_item_list(c, block_size);
                        lzx_make_huffman_codes(c);
                        lzx_update_costs(c);
                        lzx_reset_symbol_frequencies(c);
                }
        } while (--num_passes_remaining);
 
-       next_chosen_item = c->chosen_items;
-       lzx_record_item_list(c, c->optimum_nodes + block_size, &next_chosen_item);
-       lzx_finish_block(c, os, block_size, next_chosen_item - c->chosen_items);
+       seq_idx = lzx_record_item_list(c, block_size);
+       lzx_finish_block(c, os, block_begin, block_size, seq_idx);
        return new_queue;
 }
 
@@ -1733,7 +1829,7 @@ lzx_compress_near_optimal(struct lzx_compressor *c,
 static unsigned
 lzx_find_longest_repeat_offset_match(const u8 * const in_next,
                                     const u32 bytes_remaining,
-                                    struct lzx_lru_queue queue,
+                                    const u32 recent_offsets[LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS],
                                     unsigned *rep_max_idx_ret)
 {
        STATIC_ASSERT(LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS == 3);
@@ -1746,14 +1842,14 @@ lzx_find_longest_repeat_offset_match(const u8 * const in_next,
        unsigned rep_max_idx;
        unsigned rep_len;
 
-       matchptr = in_next - lzx_lru_queue_pop(&queue);
+       matchptr = in_next - recent_offsets[0];
        if (load_u16_unaligned(matchptr) == next_2_bytes)
                rep_max_len = lz_extend(in_next, matchptr, 2, max_len);
        else
                rep_max_len = 0;
        rep_max_idx = 0;
 
-       matchptr = in_next - lzx_lru_queue_pop(&queue);
+       matchptr = in_next - recent_offsets[1];
        if (load_u16_unaligned(matchptr) == next_2_bytes) {
                rep_len = lz_extend(in_next, matchptr, 2, max_len);
                if (rep_len > rep_max_len) {
@@ -1762,7 +1858,7 @@ lzx_find_longest_repeat_offset_match(const u8 * const in_next,
                }
        }
 
-       matchptr = in_next - lzx_lru_queue_pop(&queue);
+       matchptr = in_next - recent_offsets[2];
        if (load_u16_unaligned(matchptr) == next_2_bytes) {
                rep_len = lz_extend(in_next, matchptr, 2, max_len);
                if (rep_len > rep_max_len) {
@@ -1805,11 +1901,11 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
        const u8 * const in_end  = in_begin + c->in_nbytes;
        unsigned max_len = LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN;
        unsigned nice_len = min(c->nice_match_length, max_len);
-       struct lzx_lru_queue queue;
+       STATIC_ASSERT(LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS == 3);
+       u32 recent_offsets[3] = {1, 1, 1};
        u32 next_hashes[2] = {};
 
        hc_matchfinder_init(&c->hc_mf);
-       lzx_lru_queue_init(&queue);
 
        do {
                /* Starting a new block  */
@@ -1817,7 +1913,7 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                const u8 * const in_block_begin = in_next;
                const u8 * const in_block_end =
                        in_next + min(LZX_DIV_BLOCK_SIZE, in_end - in_next);
-               struct lzx_item *next_chosen_item = c->chosen_items;
+               struct lzx_sequence *next_seq = c->chosen_sequences;
                unsigned cur_len;
                u32 cur_offset;
                u32 cur_offset_data;
@@ -1830,6 +1926,7 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                unsigned rep_max_idx;
                unsigned rep_score;
                unsigned skip_len;
+               u32 litrunlen = 0;
 
                lzx_reset_symbol_frequencies(c);
 
@@ -1853,18 +1950,17 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                        if (cur_len < 3 ||
                            (cur_len == 3 &&
                             cur_offset >= 8192 - LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT &&
-                            cur_offset != lzx_lru_queue_R0(queue) &&
-                            cur_offset != lzx_lru_queue_R1(queue) &&
-                            cur_offset != lzx_lru_queue_R2(queue)))
+                            cur_offset != recent_offsets[0] &&
+                            cur_offset != recent_offsets[1] &&
+                            cur_offset != recent_offsets[2]))
                        {
                                /* There was no match found, or the only match found
                                 * was a distant length 3 match.  Output a literal.  */
-                               lzx_declare_literal(c, *in_next++,
-                                                   &next_chosen_item);
+                               lzx_record_literal(c, *in_next++, &litrunlen);
                                continue;
                        }
 
-                       if (cur_offset == lzx_lru_queue_R0(queue)) {
+                       if (cur_offset == recent_offsets[0]) {
                                in_next++;
                                cur_offset_data = 0;
                                skip_len = cur_len - 1;
@@ -1877,7 +1973,7 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                        /* Consider a repeat offset match  */
                        rep_max_len = lzx_find_longest_repeat_offset_match(in_next,
                                                                           in_end - in_next,
-                                                                          queue,
+                                                                          recent_offsets,
                                                                           &rep_max_idx);
                        in_next++;
 
@@ -1929,7 +2025,7 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
 
                        rep_max_len = lzx_find_longest_repeat_offset_match(in_next,
                                                                           in_end - in_next,
-                                                                          queue,
+                                                                          recent_offsets,
                                                                           &rep_max_idx);
                        in_next++;
 
@@ -1941,8 +2037,8 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                                if (rep_score > cur_score) {
                                        /* The next match is better, and it's a
                                         * repeat offset match.  */
-                                       lzx_declare_literal(c, *(in_next - 2),
-                                                           &next_chosen_item);
+                                       lzx_record_literal(c, *(in_next - 2),
+                                                          &litrunlen);
                                        cur_len = rep_max_len;
                                        cur_offset_data = rep_max_idx;
                                        skip_len = cur_len - 1;
@@ -1952,8 +2048,8 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                                if (next_score > cur_score) {
                                        /* The next match is better, and it's an
                                         * explicit offset match.  */
-                                       lzx_declare_literal(c, *(in_next - 2),
-                                                           &next_chosen_item);
+                                       lzx_record_literal(c, *(in_next - 2),
+                                                          &litrunlen);
                                        cur_len = next_len;
                                        cur_offset_data = next_offset_data;
                                        cur_score = next_score;
@@ -1965,43 +2061,46 @@ lzx_compress_lazy(struct lzx_compressor *c, struct lzx_output_bitstream *os)
                        skip_len = cur_len - 2;
 
                choose_cur_match:
-                       if (cur_offset_data < LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS) {
-                               lzx_declare_repeat_offset_match(c, cur_len,
-                                                               cur_offset_data,
-                                                               &next_chosen_item);
-                               queue = lzx_lru_queue_swap(queue, cur_offset_data);
-                       } else {
-                               lzx_declare_explicit_offset_match(c, cur_len,
-                                                                 cur_offset_data - LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT,
-                                                                 &next_chosen_item);
-                               queue = lzx_lru_queue_push(queue, cur_offset_data - LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT);
-                       }
-
-                       hc_matchfinder_skip_positions(&c->hc_mf,
-                                                     in_begin,
-                                                     in_next - in_begin,
-                                                     in_end - in_begin,
-                                                     skip_len,
-                                                     next_hashes);
-                       in_next += skip_len;
+                       lzx_record_match(c, cur_len, cur_offset_data,
+                                        recent_offsets, &litrunlen, &next_seq);
+                       in_next = hc_matchfinder_skip_positions(&c->hc_mf,
+                                                               in_begin,
+                                                               in_next - in_begin,
+                                                               in_end - in_begin,
+                                                               skip_len,
+                                                               next_hashes);
                } while (in_next < in_block_end);
 
-               lzx_finish_block(c, os, in_next - in_block_begin,
-                                next_chosen_item - c->chosen_items);
+               lzx_finish_sequence(next_seq, litrunlen);
+
+               lzx_finish_block(c, os, in_block_begin, in_next - in_block_begin, 0);
+
        } while (in_next != in_end);
 }
 
+/* Generate the acceleration tables for offset slots.  */
 static void
-lzx_init_offset_slot_fast(struct lzx_compressor *c)
+lzx_init_offset_slot_tabs(struct lzx_compressor *c)
 {
-       u8 slot = 0;
-
-       for (u32 offset = 0; offset < LZX_NUM_FAST_OFFSETS; offset++) {
-
-               while (offset + LZX_OFFSET_ADJUSTMENT >= lzx_offset_slot_base[slot + 1])
+       u32 adjusted_offset = 0;
+       unsigned slot = 0;
+
+       /* slots [0, 29]  */
+       for (; adjusted_offset < ARRAY_LEN(c->offset_slot_tab_1);
+            adjusted_offset++)
+       {
+               if (adjusted_offset >= lzx_offset_slot_base[slot + 1])
                        slot++;
+               c->offset_slot_tab_1[adjusted_offset] = slot;
+       }
 
-               c->offset_slot_fast[offset] = slot;
+       /* slots [30, 49]  */
+       for (; adjusted_offset < LZX_MAX_WINDOW_SIZE;
+            adjusted_offset += (u32)1 << 14)
+       {
+               if (adjusted_offset >= lzx_offset_slot_base[slot + 1])
+                       slot++;
+               c->offset_slot_tab_2[adjusted_offset >> 14] = slot;
        }
 }
 
@@ -2113,7 +2212,7 @@ lzx_create_compressor(size_t max_bufsize, unsigned compression_level,
        if (c->nice_match_length > LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN)
                c->nice_match_length = LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN;
 
-       lzx_init_offset_slot_fast(c);
+       lzx_init_offset_slot_tabs(c);
        *c_ret = c;
        return 0;