]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/write.c
filedes_t => int
[wimlib] / src / write.c
index 86730ff7fec7a1158b6ed8bed305ec784b9375aa..d184a64a23485689dc27ad3704b3c4b79da6875d 100644 (file)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
 /* On BSD, this should be included before "list.h" so that "list.h" can
  * overwrite the LIST_HEAD macro. */
-#include <sys/file.h>
+#  include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+#  include "win32.h"
 #endif
 
 #include "list.h"
 #include "dentry.h"
 #include "lookup_table.h"
 #include "xml.h"
-#include "lzx.h"
-#include "xpress.h"
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-#include <pthread.h>
+#  include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#include <time.h>
-#include <ntfs-3g/attrib.h>
-#include <ntfs-3g/inode.h>
-#include <ntfs-3g/dir.h>
+#  include <time.h>
+#  include <ntfs-3g/attrib.h>
+#  include <ntfs-3g/inode.h>
+#  include <ntfs-3g/dir.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-#include <alloca.h>
+#  include <alloca.h>
 #else
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#  include <stdlib.h>
 #endif
 
-static int fflush_and_ftruncate(FILE *fp, off_t size)
-{
-       int ret;
+#include <limits.h>
 
-       ret = fflush(fp);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to flush data to output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       ret = ftruncate(fileno(fp), size);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file to "
-                                "%"PRIu64" bytes", size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+#  include <sys/uio.h> /* for `struct iovec' */
+#endif
 
 /* Chunk table that's located at the beginning of each compressed resource in
  * the WIM.  (This is not the on-disk format; the on-disk format just has an
@@ -99,7 +90,7 @@ struct chunk_table {
  */
 static int
 begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            FILE *out_fp,
+                            int out_fd,
                             off_t file_offset,
                             struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret)
 {
@@ -107,13 +98,13 @@ begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        u64 num_chunks = (size + WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
        size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
-       int ret;
+
+       DEBUG("Begin chunk table for stream with size %"PRIu64, size);
 
        if (!chunk_tab) {
                ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
                      "resource", size);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
        chunk_tab->file_offset = file_offset;
        chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
@@ -124,43 +115,51 @@ begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        chunk_tab->cur_offset = 0;
        chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
 
-       if (fwrite(chunk_tab, 1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp) !=
-                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
+       if (full_write(out_fd, chunk_tab,
+                      chunk_tab->table_disk_size) != chunk_tab->table_disk_size)
+       {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
                                 "file resource");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
+               FREE(chunk_tab);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-
-       ret = 0;
-out:
        *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Pointer to function to compresses a chunk of a WIM resource.
+ * compress_func_t- Pointer to a function to compresses a chunk
+ *                  of a WIM resource.  This may be either
+ *                  wimlib_xpress_compress() (xpress-compress.c) or
+ *                  wimlib_lzx_compress() (lzx-compress.c).
+ *
+ * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
+ * @chunk_size:          Size of the uncompressed chunk, in bytes.
+ * @out:         Pointer to output buffer of size at least (@chunk_size - 1) bytes.
  *
- * @chunk:             Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:                Size of the uncompressed chunk in bytes.
- * @compressed_chunk:  Pointer to output buffer of size at least
- *                             (@chunk_size - 1) bytes.
- * @compressed_chunk_len_ret:  Pointer to an unsigned int into which the size
- *                                     of the compressed chunk will be
- *                                     returned.
+ * Returns the size of the compressed data written to @out in bytes, or 0 if the
+ * data could not be compressed to (@chunk_size - 1) bytes or fewer.
  *
- * Returns zero if compressed succeeded, and nonzero if the chunk could not be
- * compressed to any smaller than @chunk_size.  This function cannot fail for
- * any other reasons.
+ * As a special requirement, the compression code is optimized for the WIM
+ * format and therefore requires (@chunk_size <= 32768).
+ *
+ * As another special requirement, the compression code will read up to 8 bytes
+ * off the end of the @chunk array for performance reasons.  The values of these
+ * bytes will not affect the output of the compression, but the calling code
+ * must make sure that the buffer holding the uncompressed chunk is actually at
+ * least (@chunk_size + 8) bytes, or at least that these extra bytes are in
+ * mapped memory that will not cause a memory access violation if accessed.
  */
-typedef int (*compress_func_t)(const void *, unsigned, void *, unsigned *);
+typedef unsigned (*compress_func_t)(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
+                                   void *out);
 
-compress_func_t get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
+static compress_func_t
+get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
 {
        if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX)
-               return lzx_compress;
+               return wimlib_lzx_compress;
        else
-               return xpress_compress;
+               return wimlib_xpress_compress;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -168,39 +167,43 @@ compress_func_t get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
  *
  * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
  * @chunk_size:          Size of the chunk (<= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE)
- * @out_fp:      FILE * to write tho chunk to.
- * @out_ctype:   Compression type to use when writing the chunk (ignored if no
- *                     chunk table provided)
+ * @out_fd:      File descriptor to write the chunk to.
+ * @compress:     Compression function to use (NULL if writing uncompressed
+ *                     data).
  * @chunk_tab:   Pointer to chunk table being created.  It is updated with the
  *                     offset of the chunk we write.
  *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
-static int write_wim_resource_chunk(const u8 chunk[], unsigned chunk_size,
-                                   FILE *out_fp, compress_func_t compress,
-                                   struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+static int
+write_wim_resource_chunk(const void * restrict chunk,
+                        unsigned chunk_size,
+                        int out_fd,
+                        compress_func_t compress,
+                        struct chunk_table * restrict chunk_tab)
 {
-       const u8 *out_chunk;
+       const void *out_chunk;
        unsigned out_chunk_size;
-       if (chunk_tab) {
-               u8 *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
-               int ret;
+       if (compress) {
+               void *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
 
-               ret = compress(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk,
-                              &out_chunk_size);
-               if (ret == 0) {
+               out_chunk_size = (*compress)(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk);
+               if (out_chunk_size) {
+                       /* Write compressed */
                        out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
                } else {
+                       /* Write uncompressed */
                        out_chunk = chunk;
                        out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
                }
                *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
                chunk_tab->cur_offset += out_chunk_size;
        } else {
+               /* Write uncompressed */
                out_chunk = chunk;
                out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
        }
-       if (fwrite(out_chunk, 1, out_chunk_size, out_fp) != out_chunk_size) {
+       if (full_write(out_fd, out_chunk, out_chunk_size) != out_chunk_size) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
@@ -216,14 +219,9 @@ static int write_wim_resource_chunk(const u8 chunk[], unsigned chunk_size,
  */
 static int
 finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             FILE *out_fp, u64 *compressed_size_p)
+                             int out_fd, u64 *compressed_size_p)
 {
        size_t bytes_written;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, chunk_tab->file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of output "
-                                "WIM file", chunk_tab->file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
 
        if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 8) {
                array_cpu_to_le64(chunk_tab->offsets, chunk_tab->num_chunks);
@@ -232,318 +230,210 @@ finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
                        ((u32*)chunk_tab->offsets)[i] =
                                cpu_to_le32(chunk_tab->offsets[i]);
        }
-       bytes_written = fwrite((u8*)chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                              1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp);
+       bytes_written = full_pwrite(out_fd,
+                                   (u8*)chunk_tab->offsets + chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
+                                   chunk_tab->table_disk_size,
+                                   chunk_tab->file_offset);
        if (bytes_written != chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
                                 "file resource");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
        *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Prepare for multiple reads to a resource by caching a FILE * or NTFS
- * attribute pointer in the lookup table entry. */
-static int prepare_resource_for_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte
-
-                                       #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                       , ntfs_inode **ni_ret
-                                       #endif
-               )
+static int
+seek_and_truncate(int out_fd, off_t offset)
 {
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK
-            && !lte->file_on_disk_fp)
-       {
-               wimlib_assert(lte->file_on_disk);
-               lte->file_on_disk_fp = fopen(lte->file_on_disk, "rb");
-               if (!lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file `%s' for "
-                                        "reading", lte->file_on_disk);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-               }
-       }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME
-                 && !lte->attr)
+       if (lseek(out_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1 ||
+           ftruncate(out_fd, offset))
        {
-               struct ntfs_location *loc = lte->ntfs_loc;
-               ntfs_inode *ni;
-               wimlib_assert(loc);
-               ni = ntfs_pathname_to_inode(*loc->ntfs_vol_p, NULL, loc->path_utf8);
-               if (!ni) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open inode `%s' in NTFS "
-                                        "volume", loc->path_utf8);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-               }
-               lte->attr = ntfs_attr_open(ni,
-                                          loc->is_reparse_point ? AT_REPARSE_POINT : AT_DATA,
-                                          (ntfschar*)loc->stream_name_utf16,
-                                          loc->stream_name_utf16_num_chars);
-               if (!lte->attr) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open attribute of `%s' in "
-                                        "NTFS volume", loc->path_utf8);
-                       ntfs_inode_close(ni);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-               }
-               *ni_ret = ni;
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       } else {
+               return 0;
        }
-#endif
-       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Undo prepare_resource_for_read() by closing the cached FILE * or NTFS
- * attribute. */
-static void end_wim_resource_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte
-                               #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                       , ntfs_inode *ni
-                               #endif
-                                       )
+static int
+finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX * restrict sha_ctx,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry * restrict lte)
 {
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK
-           && lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-               fclose(lte->file_on_disk_fp);
-               lte->file_on_disk_fp = NULL;
-       }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME) {
-               if (lte->attr) {
-                       ntfs_attr_close(lte->attr);
-                       lte->attr = NULL;
+       u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       sha1_final(md, sha_ctx);
+       if (lte->unhashed) {
+               copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
+       } else if (!hashes_equal(md, lte->hash)) {
+               ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
+               if (lte_filename_valid(lte)) {
+                       ERROR("We were reading it from \"%"TS"\"; maybe "
+                             "it changed while we were reading it.",
+                             lte->file_on_disk);
                }
-               if (ni)
-                       ntfs_inode_close(ni);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
        }
-#endif
+       return 0;
 }
 
+
+struct write_resource_ctx {
+       compress_func_t compress;
+       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
+       int out_fd;
+       SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
+       bool doing_sha;
+};
+
 static int
-write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                                        FILE *out_fp,
-                                        off_t file_offset,
-                                        struct resource_entry *out_res_entry)
+write_resource_cb(const void *restrict chunk, size_t chunk_size,
+                 void *restrict _ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of "
-                                "output WIM file", file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, out_fp, WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
-                                out_res_entry, 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       struct write_resource_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
 
-       return fflush_and_ftruncate(out_fp,
-                                   file_offset + wim_resource_size(lte));
+       if (ctx->doing_sha)
+               sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
+       return write_wim_resource_chunk(chunk, chunk_size,
+                                       ctx->out_fd, ctx->compress,
+                                       ctx->chunk_tab);
 }
 
 /*
- * Writes a WIM resource to a FILE * opened for writing.  The resource may be
- * written uncompressed or compressed depending on the @out_ctype parameter.
+ * Write a resource to an output WIM.
  *
- * If by chance the resource compresses to more than the original size (this may
- * happen with random data or files than are pre-compressed), the resource is
- * instead written uncompressed (and this is reflected in the @out_res_entry by
- * removing the WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED flag).
+ * @lte:  Lookup table entry for the resource, which could be in another WIM,
+ *        in an external file, or in another location.
  *
- * @lte:       The lookup table entry for the WIM resource.
- * @out_fp:    The FILE * to write the resource to.
- * @out_ctype:  The compression type of the resource to write.  Note: if this is
- *                     the same as the compression type of the WIM resource we
- *                     need to read, we simply copy the data (i.e. we do not
- *                     uncompress it, then compress it again).
- * @out_res_entry:  If non-NULL, a resource entry that is filled in with the
- *                 offset, original size, compressed size, and compression flag
- *                 of the output resource.
+ * @out_fd:  File descriptor opened to the output WIM.
  *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ * @out_ctype:  One of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants to indicate
+ *              which compression algorithm to use.
+ *
+ * @out_res_entry:  On success, this is filled in with the offset, flags,
+ *                  compressed size, and uncompressed size of the resource
+ *                  in the output WIM.
+ *
+ * @flags:  WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS to force data to be recompressed
+ *          even if it could otherwise be copied directly from the input.
+ *
+ * Additional notes:  The SHA1 message digest of the uncompressed data is
+ * calculated (except when doing a raw copy --- see below).  If the @unhashed
+ * flag is set on the lookup table entry, this message digest is simply copied
+ * to it; otherwise, the message digest is compared with the existing one, and
+ * the function will fail if they do not match.
  */
-int write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                      FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
-                      struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                      int flags)
+int
+write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                  int out_fd, int out_ctype,
+                  struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
+                  int flags)
 {
-       u64 bytes_remaining;
-       u64 original_size;
-       u64 old_compressed_size;
-       u64 new_compressed_size;
-       u64 offset;
+       struct write_resource_ctx write_ctx;
+       u64 read_size;
+       u64 new_size;
+       off_t offset;
        int ret;
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = NULL;
-       bool raw;
-       off_t file_offset;
-       compress_func_t compress = NULL;
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
-#endif
-
-       wimlib_assert(lte);
 
-       /* Original size of the resource */
-       original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       flags &= ~WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
 
-       /* Compressed size of the resource (as it exists now) */
-       old_compressed_size = wim_resource_compressed_size(lte);
-
-       /* Current offset in output file */
-       file_offset = ftello(out_fp);
-       if (file_offset == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to get offset in output "
-                                "stream");
+       /* Get current position in output WIM */
+       offset = filedes_offset(out_fd);
+       if (offset == -1) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't get position in output WIM");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
 
-       /* Are the compression types the same?  If so, do a raw copy (copy
-        * without decompressing and recompressing the data). */
-       raw = (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) == out_ctype
-              && out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
-              && !(flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS));
-
-       if (raw) {
+       /* If we are not forcing the data to be recompressed, and the input
+        * resource is located in a WIM with the same compression type as that
+        * desired other than no compression, we can simply copy the compressed
+        * data without recompressing it.  This also means we must skip
+        * calculating the SHA1, as we never will see the uncompressed data. */
+       if (!(flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
+           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE &&
+           wimlib_get_compression_type(lte->wim) == out_ctype)
+       {
                flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW;
-               bytes_remaining = old_compressed_size;
+               write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
+               read_size = lte->resource_entry.size;
        } else {
-               flags &= ~WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW;
-               bytes_remaining = original_size;
+               write_ctx.doing_sha = true;
+               sha1_init(&write_ctx.sha_ctx);
+               read_size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
        }
 
-       /* Empty resource; nothing needs to be done, so just return success. */
-       if (bytes_remaining == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Buffer for reading chunks for the resource */
-       u8 buf[min(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE, bytes_remaining)];
-
-       /* If we are writing a compressed resource and not doing a raw copy, we
-        * need to initialize the chunk table */
-       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE && !raw) {
-               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fp, file_offset,
-                                                  &chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
-       }
-
-       /* If the WIM resource is in an external file, open a FILE * to it so we
-        * don't have to open a temporary one in read_wim_resource() for each
-        * chunk. */
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ret = prepare_resource_for_read(lte, &ni);
-#else
-       ret = prepare_resource_for_read(lte);
-#endif
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       /* If we aren't doing a raw copy, we will compute the SHA1 message
-        * digest of the resource as we read it, and verify it's the same as the
-        * hash given in the lookup table entry once we've finished reading the
-        * resource. */
-       SHA_CTX ctx;
-       if (!raw) {
-               sha1_init(&ctx);
-               compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
-       }
-       offset = 0;
-
-       /* While there are still bytes remaining in the WIM resource, read a
-        * chunk of the resource, update SHA1, then write that chunk using the
-        * desired compression type. */
-       do {
-               u64 to_read = min(bytes_remaining, WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               ret = read_wim_resource(lte, buf, to_read, offset, flags);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               if (!raw)
-                       sha1_update(&ctx, buf, to_read);
-               ret = write_wim_resource_chunk(buf, to_read, out_fp,
-                                              compress, chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               bytes_remaining -= to_read;
-               offset += to_read;
-       } while (bytes_remaining);
-
-       /* Raw copy:  The new compressed size is the same as the old compressed
-        * size
-        *
-        * Using WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE:  The new compressed size is the
-        * original size
-        *
-        * Using a different compression type:  Call
-        * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
-        * compressed size.
-        */
-       if (raw) {
-               new_compressed_size = old_compressed_size;
+       /* Initialize the chunk table and set the compression function if
+        * compressing the resource. */
+       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
+           (flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)) {
+               write_ctx.compress = NULL;
+               write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
        } else {
-               if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                       new_compressed_size = original_size;
-               else {
-                       ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(chunk_tab, out_fp,
-                                                           &new_compressed_size);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out_fclose;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Verify SHA1 message digest of the resource, unless we are doing a raw
-        * write (in which case we never even saw the uncompressed data).  Or,
-        * if the hash we had before is all 0's, just re-set it to be the new
-        * hash. */
-       if (!raw) {
-               u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-               sha1_final(md, &ctx);
-               if (is_zero_hash(lte->hash)) {
-                       copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
-               } else if (!hashes_equal(md, lte->hash)) {
-                       ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-                       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK) {
-                               ERROR("We were reading it from `%s'; maybe it changed "
-                                     "while we were reading it.",
-                                     lte->file_on_disk);
-                       }
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
+               write_ctx.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
+               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fd,
+                                                  offset,
+                                                  &write_ctx.chunk_tab);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       if (!raw && new_compressed_size >= original_size &&
-           out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-       {
-               /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
-                * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
-               ret = write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(lte,
-                                                              out_fp,
-                                                              file_offset,
-                                                              out_res_entry);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
+       /* Write the entire resource by reading the entire resource and feeding
+        * the data through the write_resource_cb function. */
+       write_ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
+try_write_again:
+       ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, read_size,
+                                  write_resource_cb, &write_ctx, flags);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+
+       /* Verify SHA1 message digest of the resource, or set the hash for the
+        * first time. */
+       if (write_ctx.doing_sha) {
+               ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&write_ctx.sha_ctx, lte);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+       }
+
+       out_res_entry->flags = lte->resource_entry.flags;
+       out_res_entry->original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       out_res_entry->offset = offset;
+       if (flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW) {
+               /* Doing a raw write:  The new compressed size is the same as
+                * the compressed size in the other WIM. */
+               new_size = lte->resource_entry.size;
+       } else if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
+               /* Using WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE:  The new compressed size
+                * is the original size. */
+               new_size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
+               out_res_entry->flags &= ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
        } else {
-               if (out_res_entry) {
-                       out_res_entry->size          = new_compressed_size;
-                       out_res_entry->original_size = original_size;
-                       out_res_entry->offset        = file_offset;
-                       out_res_entry->flags         = lte->resource_entry.flags
-                                                       & ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-                       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                               out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+               /* Using a different compression type:  Call
+                * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
+                * compressed size. */
+               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab, out_fd,
+                                                   &new_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+               if (new_size >= wim_resource_size(lte)) {
+                       /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
+                        * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
+                       DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
+                             "writing uncompressed instead",
+                             wim_resource_size(lte), new_size);
+                       ret = seek_and_truncate(out_fd, offset);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+                       write_ctx.compress = NULL;
+                       write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
+                       out_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
+                       goto try_write_again;
                }
+               out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
        }
+       out_res_entry->size = new_size;
        ret = 0;
-out_fclose:
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       end_wim_resource_read(lte, ni);
-#else
-       end_wim_resource_read(lte);
-#endif
-out:
-       FREE(chunk_tab);
+out_free_chunk_tab:
+       FREE(write_ctx.chunk_tab);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -561,23 +451,40 @@ struct shared_queue {
        pthread_cond_t space_avail_cond;
 };
 
-static int shared_queue_init(struct shared_queue *q, unsigned size)
+static int
+shared_queue_init(struct shared_queue *q, unsigned size)
 {
        wimlib_assert(size != 0);
        q->array = CALLOC(sizeof(q->array[0]), size);
        if (!q->array)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               goto err;
        q->filled_slots = 0;
        q->front = 0;
        q->back = size - 1;
        q->size = size;
-       pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL);
+       if (pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize mutex");
+               goto err;
+       }
+       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
+               goto err_destroy_lock;
+       }
+       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
+               goto err_destroy_msg_avail_cond;
+       }
        return 0;
+err_destroy_msg_avail_cond:
+       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->msg_avail_cond);
+err_destroy_lock:
+       pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
+err:
+       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 }
 
-static void shared_queue_destroy(struct shared_queue *q)
+static void
+shared_queue_destroy(struct shared_queue *q)
 {
        FREE(q->array);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
@@ -585,7 +492,8 @@ static void shared_queue_destroy(struct shared_queue *q)
        pthread_cond_destroy(&q->space_avail_cond);
 }
 
-static void shared_queue_put(struct shared_queue *q, void *obj)
+static void
+shared_queue_put(struct shared_queue *q, void *obj)
 {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
        while (q->filled_slots == q->size)
@@ -599,7 +507,8 @@ static void shared_queue_put(struct shared_queue *q, void *obj)
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
 }
 
-static void *shared_queue_get(struct shared_queue *q)
+static void *
+shared_queue_get(struct shared_queue *q)
 {
        void *obj;
 
@@ -628,30 +537,38 @@ struct compressor_thread_params {
 struct message {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        u8 *uncompressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       u8 *out_compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
        u8 *compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
        unsigned uncompressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned compressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
+       struct iovec out_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
+       size_t total_out_bytes;
        unsigned num_chunks;
        struct list_head list;
        bool complete;
        u64 begin_chunk;
 };
 
-static void compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
+static void
+compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
 {
+       msg->total_out_bytes = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               DEBUG2("compress chunk %u of %u", i, msg->num_chunks);
-               int ret = compress(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
-                                  msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i],
-                                  msg->compressed_chunks[i],
-                                  &msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i]);
-               if (ret == 0) {
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
+               unsigned len = compress(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
+                                       msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i],
+                                       msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
+               void *out_chunk;
+               unsigned out_len;
+               if (len) {
+                       /* To be written compressed */
+                       out_chunk = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
+                       out_len = len;
                } else {
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
-                       msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
+                       /* To be written uncompressed */
+                       out_chunk = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
+                       out_len = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
                }
+               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_base = out_chunk;
+               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len = out_len;
+               msg->total_out_bytes += out_len;
        }
 }
 
@@ -660,7 +577,8 @@ static void compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
  * res_to_compress_queue, compress them, and put them in the
  * compressed_res_queue.  A NULL pointer indicates that the thread should stop.
  * */
-static void *compressor_thread_proc(void *arg)
+static void *
+compressor_thread_proc(void *arg)
 {
        struct compressor_thread_params *params = arg;
        struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue = params->res_to_compress_queue;
@@ -676,521 +594,641 @@ static void *compressor_thread_proc(void *arg)
        DEBUG("Compressor thread terminating");
        return NULL;
 }
-#endif
+#endif /* ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION */
 
-static int do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *my_resources,
-                               FILE *out_fp,
-                               int out_ctype,
-                               wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                               union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
-                               int write_resource_flags)
+static void
+do_write_streams_progress(union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
+                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                         uint64_t size_added)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
-
-       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, my_resources, staging_list) {
-               ret = write_wim_resource(lte,
-                                        out_fp,
-                                        out_ctype,
-                                        &lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                        write_resource_flags);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       return ret;
-               list_del(&lte->staging_list);
-               progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +=
-                       wim_resource_size(lte);
-               progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
-               if (progress_func) {
-                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
-                                     progress);
+       progress->write_streams.completed_bytes += size_added;
+       progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
+       if (progress_func &&
+           progress->write_streams.completed_bytes >= progress->write_streams._private)
+       {
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
+                             progress);
+               if (progress->write_streams._private == progress->write_streams.total_bytes) {
+                       progress->write_streams._private = ~0;
+               } else {
+                       progress->write_streams._private =
+                               min(progress->write_streams.total_bytes,
+                                   progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +
+                                       progress->write_streams.total_bytes / 100);
                }
        }
-       return 0;
 }
 
-static int write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                   FILE *out_fp,
-                                   int out_ctype,
-                                   int write_flags,
-                                   wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                                   union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
-{
+struct serial_write_stream_ctx {
+       int out_fd;
+       int out_ctype;
        int write_resource_flags;
+};
+
+static int
+serial_write_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct serial_write_stream_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       return write_wim_resource(lte, ctx->out_fd,
+                                 ctx->out_ctype, &lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                 ctx->write_resource_flags);
+}
+
+/* Write a list of streams, taking into account that some streams may be
+ * duplicates that are checksummed and discarded on the fly, and also delegating
+ * the actual writing of a stream to a function @write_stream_cb, which is
+ * passed the context @write_stream_ctx. */
+static int
+do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                    int (*write_stream_cb)(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *, void *),
+                    void *write_stream_ctx,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                    union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       /* For each stream in @stream_list ... */
+       while (!list_empty(stream_list)) {
+               lte = container_of(stream_list->next,
+                                  struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                  write_streams_list);
+               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               if (lte->unhashed && !lte->unique_size) {
+                       /* Unhashed stream that shares a size with some other
+                        * stream in the WIM we are writing.  The stream must be
+                        * checksummed to know if we need to write it or not. */
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *tmp;
+                       u32 orig_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
+
+                       ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, lookup_table, &tmp);
+                       if (ret)
+                               break;
+                       if (tmp != lte) {
+                               lte = tmp;
+                               /* We found a duplicate stream. */
+                               if (orig_refcnt != tmp->out_refcnt) {
+                                       /* We have already written, or are going
+                                        * to write, the duplicate stream.  So
+                                        * just skip to the next stream. */
+                                       DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of length %"PRIu64,
+                                             wim_resource_size(lte));
+                                       lte->no_progress = 0;
+                                       goto skip_to_progress;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Here, @lte is either a hashed stream or an unhashed stream
+                * with a unique size.  In either case we know that the stream
+                * has to be written.  In either case the SHA1 message digest
+                * will be calculated over the stream while writing it; however,
+                * in the former case this is done merely to check the data,
+                * while in the latter case this is done because we do not have
+                * the SHA1 message digest yet.  */
+               wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt != 0);
+               lte->deferred = 0;
+               lte->no_progress = 0;
+               ret = (*write_stream_cb)(lte, write_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       break;
+               /* In parallel mode, some streams are deferred for later,
+                * serialized processing; ignore them here. */
+               if (lte->deferred)
+                       continue;
+               if (lte->unhashed) {
+                       list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
+                       lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
+                       lte->unhashed = 0;
+               }
+       skip_to_progress:
+               if (!lte->no_progress) {
+                       do_write_streams_progress(progress,
+                                                 progress_func,
+                                                 wim_resource_size(lte));
+               }
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+do_write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                           int out_fd,
+                           int out_ctype,
+                           int write_resource_flags,
+                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                           union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+{
+       struct serial_write_stream_ctx ctx = {
+               .out_fd = out_fd,
+               .out_ctype = out_ctype,
+               .write_resource_flags = write_resource_flags,
+       };
+       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list,
+                                   lookup_table,
+                                   serial_write_stream,
+                                   &ctx,
+                                   progress_func,
+                                   progress);
+}
+
+static inline int
+write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
+{
+       int resource_flags = 0;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-               write_resource_flags = WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
-       else
-               write_resource_flags = 0;
+               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       return resource_flags;
+}
+
+static int
+write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                        int out_fd,
+                        int out_ctype,
+                        int write_resource_flags,
+                        wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                        union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+{
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list (serial version)");
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = 1;
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list, out_fp,
-                                   out_ctype, progress_func,
-                                   progress, write_resource_flags);
+       return do_write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
+                                          lookup_table,
+                                          out_fd,
+                                          out_ctype,
+                                          write_resource_flags,
+                                          progress_func,
+                                          progress);
 }
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-static int write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, FILE *out_fp,
-                           struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+static int
+write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, int out_fd,
+                struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
 {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               unsigned chunk_csize = msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i];
-
-               DEBUG2("Write wim chunk %u of %u (csize = %u)",
-                     i, msg->num_chunks, chunk_csize);
-
-               if (fwrite(msg->out_compressed_chunks[i], 1, chunk_csize, out_fp)
-                   != chunk_csize)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunk");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               }
-
                *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset += chunk_csize;
+               chunk_tab->cur_offset += msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len;
+       }
+       if (full_writev(out_fd, msg->out_chunks,
+                       msg->num_chunks) != msg->total_out_bytes)
+       {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunks");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * This function is executed by the main thread when the resources are being
- * compressed in parallel.  The main thread is in change of all reading of the
- * uncompressed data and writing of the compressed data.  The compressor threads
- * *only* do compression from/to in-memory buffers.
- *
- * Each unit of work given to a compressor thread is up to MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG
- * chunks of compressed data to compress, represented in a `struct message'.
- * Each message is passed from the main thread to a worker thread through the
- * res_to_compress_queue, and it is passed back through the
- * compressed_res_queue.
- */
-static int main_writer_thread_proc(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                  FILE *out_fp,
-                                  int out_ctype,
-                                  struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue,
-                                  struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue,
-                                  size_t num_messages,
-                                  int write_flags,
-                                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                                  union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct chunk_table *cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
-       struct message *msgs = CALLOC(num_messages, sizeof(struct message));
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte = NULL;
+struct main_writer_thread_ctx {
+       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+       int out_fd;
+       int out_ctype;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
+       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue;
+       size_t num_messages;
+       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func;
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress;
 
-       // Initially, all the messages are available to use.
-       LIST_HEAD(available_msgs);
+       struct list_head available_msgs;
+       struct list_head outstanding_streams;
+       struct list_head serial_streams;
+       size_t num_outstanding_messages;
 
-       if (!msgs) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++)
-               list_add(&msgs[i].list, &available_msgs);
-
-       // outstanding_resources is the list of resources that currently have
-       // had chunks sent off for compression.
-       //
-       // The first stream in outstanding_resources is the stream that is
-       // currently being written (cur_lte).
-       //
-       // The last stream in outstanding_resources is the stream that is
-       // currently being read and chunks fed to the compressor threads
-       // (next_lte).
-       //
-       // Depending on the number of threads and the sizes of the resource,
-       // the outstanding streams list may contain streams between cur_lte and
-       // next_lte that have all their chunks compressed or being compressed,
-       // but haven't been written yet.
-       //
-       LIST_HEAD(outstanding_resources);
-       struct list_head *next_resource = stream_list->next;
-       u64 next_chunk = 0;
-       u64 next_num_chunks = 0;
-
-       // As in write_wim_resource(), each resource we read is checksummed.
        SHA_CTX next_sha_ctx;
-       u8 next_hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       u64 next_chunk;
+       u64 next_num_chunks;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte;
 
-       // Resources that don't need any chunks compressed are added to this
-       // list and written directly by the main thread.
-       LIST_HEAD(my_resources);
+       struct message *msgs;
+       struct message *next_msg;
+       struct chunk_table *cur_chunk_tab;
+};
 
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_lte = NULL;
-       struct message *msg;
+static int
+init_message(struct message *msg)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; i++) {
+               msg->compressed_chunks[i] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+               msg->uncompressed_chunks[i] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+               if (msg->compressed_chunks[i] == NULL ||
+                   msg->uncompressed_chunks[i] == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
-#endif
+static void
+destroy_message(struct message *msg)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; i++) {
+               FREE(msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
+               FREE(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i]);
+       }
+}
 
-       DEBUG("Initializing buffers for uncompressed "
-             "and compressed data (%zu bytes needed)",
-             num_messages * MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE * 2);
+static void
+free_messages(struct message *msgs, size_t num_messages)
+{
+       if (msgs) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++)
+                       destroy_message(&msgs[i]);
+               FREE(msgs);
+       }
+}
 
-       // Pre-allocate all the buffers that will be needed to do the chunk
-       // compression.
+static struct message *
+allocate_messages(size_t num_messages)
+{
+       struct message *msgs;
+
+       msgs = CALLOC(num_messages, sizeof(struct message));
+       if (!msgs)
+               return NULL;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++) {
-               for (size_t j = 0; j < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; j++) {
-                       msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-                       // The extra 8 bytes is because longest_match() in lz.c
-                       // may read a little bit off the end of the uncompressed
-                       // data.  It doesn't need to be initialized--- we really
-                       // just need to avoid accessing an unmapped page.
-                       msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE + 8);
-                       if (msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j] == NULL ||
-                           msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j] == NULL)
-                       {
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
+               if (init_message(&msgs[i])) {
+                       free_messages(msgs, num_messages);
+                       return NULL;
                }
        }
+       return msgs;
+}
 
-       // This loop is executed until all resources have been written, except
-       // possibly a few that have been added to the @my_resources list for
-       // writing later.
-       while (1) {
-               // Send chunks to the compressor threads until either (a) there
-               // are no more messages available since they were all sent off,
-               // or (b) there are no more resources that need to be
-               // compressed.
-               while (!list_empty(&available_msgs)) {
-                       if (next_chunk == next_num_chunks) {
-                               // If next_chunk == next_num_chunks, there are
-                               // no more chunks to write in the current
-                               // stream.  So, check the SHA1 message digest of
-                               // the stream that was just finished (unless
-                               // next_lte == NULL, which is the case the very
-                               // first time this loop is entered, and also
-                               // near the very end of the compression when
-                               // there are no more streams.)  Then, advance to
-                               // the next stream (if there is one).
-                               if (next_lte != NULL) {
-                               #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                       end_wim_resource_read(next_lte, ni);
-                                       ni = NULL;
-                               #else
-                                       end_wim_resource_read(next_lte);
-                               #endif
-                                       DEBUG2("Finalize SHA1 md (next_num_chunks=%zu)",
-                                              next_num_chunks);
-                                       sha1_final(next_hash, &next_sha_ctx);
-                                       if (!hashes_equal(next_lte->hash, next_hash)) {
-                                               ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-                                               if (next_lte->resource_location ==
-                                                   RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK)
-                                               {
-                                                       ERROR("We were reading it from `%s'; "
-                                                             "maybe it changed while we were "
-                                                             "reading it.",
-                                                             next_lte->file_on_disk);
-                                               }
-                                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-                                               goto out;
-                                       }
-                               }
+static void
+main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages--)
+               shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
+       free_messages(ctx->msgs, ctx->num_messages);
+       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+}
 
-                               // Advance to the next resource.
-                               //
-                               // If the next resource needs no compression, just write
-                               // it with this thread (not now though--- we could be in
-                               // the middle of writing another resource.)  Keep doing
-                               // this until we either get to the end of the resources
-                               // list, or we get to a resource that needs compression.
-                               while (1) {
-                                       if (next_resource == stream_list) {
-                                               // No more resources to send for
-                                               // compression
-                                               next_lte = NULL;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                                       next_lte = container_of(next_resource,
-                                                               struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                               staging_list);
-                                       next_resource = next_resource->next;
-                                       if ((!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-                                              && wim_resource_compression_type(next_lte) == out_ctype)
-                                           || wim_resource_size(next_lte) == 0)
-                                       {
-                                               list_add_tail(&next_lte->staging_list,
-                                                             &my_resources);
-                                       } else {
-                                               list_add_tail(&next_lte->staging_list,
-                                                             &outstanding_resources);
-                                               next_chunk = 0;
-                                               next_num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(next_lte);
-                                               sha1_init(&next_sha_ctx);
-                                               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&next_lte->msg_list);
-                                       #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                               ret = prepare_resource_for_read(next_lte, &ni);
-                                       #else
-                                               ret = prepare_resource_for_read(next_lte);
-                                       #endif
-
-                                               if (ret != 0)
-                                                       goto out;
-                                               if (cur_lte == NULL) {
-                                                       // Set cur_lte for the
-                                                       // first time
-                                                       cur_lte = next_lte;
-                                               }
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
+static int
+main_writer_thread_init_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       /* Pre-allocate all the buffers that will be needed to do the chunk
+        * compression. */
+       ctx->msgs = allocate_messages(ctx->num_messages);
+       if (!ctx->msgs)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-                       if (next_lte == NULL) {
-                               // No more resources to send for compression
-                               break;
-                       }
+       /* Initially, all the messages are available to use. */
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->available_msgs);
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->num_messages; i++)
+               list_add_tail(&ctx->msgs[i].list, &ctx->available_msgs);
 
-                       // Get a message from the available messages
-                       // list
-                       msg = container_of(available_msgs.next,
-                                          struct message,
-                                          list);
-
-                       // ... and delete it from the available messages
-                       // list
-                       list_del(&msg->list);
-
-                       // Initialize the message with the chunks to
-                       // compress.
-                       msg->num_chunks = min(next_num_chunks - next_chunk,
-                                             MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG);
-                       msg->lte = next_lte;
-                       msg->complete = false;
-                       msg->begin_chunk = next_chunk;
-
-                       unsigned size = WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-                       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-
-                               // Read chunk @next_chunk of the stream into the
-                               // message so that a compressor thread can
-                               // compress it.
-
-                               if (next_chunk == next_num_chunks - 1) {
-                                       size = MODULO_NONZERO(wim_resource_size(next_lte),
-                                                             WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-                               }
+       /* outstanding_streams is the list of streams that currently have had
+        * chunks sent off for compression.
+        *
+        * The first stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
+        * currently being written.
+        *
+        * The last stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
+        * currently being read and having chunks fed to the compressor threads.
+        * */
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->outstanding_streams);
+       ctx->num_outstanding_messages = 0;
 
-                               DEBUG2("Read resource (size=%u, offset=%zu)",
-                                     size, next_chunk * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-                               msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i] = size;
-
-                               ret = read_wim_resource(next_lte,
-                                                       msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
-                                                       size,
-                                                       next_chunk * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE,
-                                                       0);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                               sha1_update(&next_sha_ctx,
-                                           msg->uncompressed_chunks[i], size);
-                               next_chunk++;
-                       }
+       ctx->next_msg = NULL;
 
-                       // Send the compression request
-                       list_add_tail(&msg->list, &next_lte->msg_list);
-                       shared_queue_put(res_to_compress_queue, msg);
-                       DEBUG2("Compression request sent");
-               }
+       /* Resources that don't need any chunks compressed are added to this
+        * list and written directly by the main thread. */
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->serial_streams);
 
-               // If there are no outstanding resources, there are no more
-               // resources that need to be written.
-               if (list_empty(&outstanding_resources)) {
-                       ret = 0;
-                       goto out;
-               }
+       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
 
-               // Get the next message from the queue and process it.
-               // The message will contain 1 or more data chunks that have been
-               // compressed.
-               msg = shared_queue_get(compressed_res_queue);
-               msg->complete = true;
-
-               // Is this the next chunk in the current resource?  If it's not
-               // (i.e., an earlier chunk in a same or different resource
-               // hasn't been compressed yet), do nothing, and keep this
-               // message around until all earlier chunks are received.
-               //
-               // Otherwise, write all the chunks we can.
-               while (cur_lte != NULL &&
-                      !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-                      (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
-                                          struct message,
-                                          list))->complete)
-               {
-                       DEBUG2("Complete msg (begin_chunk=%"PRIu64")", msg->begin_chunk);
-                       if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
-                               DEBUG2("Begin chunk tab");
-
-                               // This is the first set of chunks.  Leave space
-                               // for the chunk table in the output file.
-                               off_t cur_offset = ftello(out_fp);
-                               if (cur_offset == -1) {
-                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                                       goto out;
-                               }
-                               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
-                                                                  out_fp,
-                                                                  cur_offset,
-                                                                  &cur_chunk_tab);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       // Write the compressed chunks from the message.
-                       ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, out_fp, cur_chunk_tab);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out;
-
-                       list_del(&msg->list);
-
-                       // This message is available to use for different chunks
-                       // now.
-                       list_add(&msg->list, &available_msgs);
-
-                       // Was this the last chunk of the stream?  If so, finish
-                       // it.
-                       if (list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-                           msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
-                       {
-                               DEBUG2("Finish wim chunk tab");
-                               u64 res_csize;
-                               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_chunk_tab,
-                                                                   out_fp,
-                                                                   &res_csize);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-
-                               if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte)) {
-                                       /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to
-                                        * larger than the original size.  Write
-                                        * the resource uncompressed instead. */
-                                       ret = write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(
-                                                        cur_lte,
-                                                        out_fp,
-                                                        cur_chunk_tab->file_offset,
-                                                        &cur_lte->output_resource_entry);
-                                       if (ret != 0)
-                                               goto out;
-                               } else {
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size =
-                                               res_csize;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size =
-                                               cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
-                                               cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
-                                               cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
-                                                       WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-                               }
+static int
+receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct message *msg;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_lte;
+       int ret;
 
-                               progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +=
-                                               wim_resource_size(cur_lte);
-                               progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
+       wimlib_assert(!list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0);
 
-                               if (progress_func) {
-                                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
-                                                     progress);
-                               }
+       cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
+                              struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                              being_compressed_list);
 
-                               FREE(cur_chunk_tab);
-                               cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
-
-                               struct list_head *next = cur_lte->staging_list.next;
-                               list_del(&cur_lte->staging_list);
-
-                               if (next == &outstanding_resources)
-                                       cur_lte = NULL;
-                               else
-                                       cur_lte = container_of(cur_lte->staging_list.next,
-                                                              struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                              staging_list);
-
-                               // Since we just finished writing a stream,
-                               // write any streams that have been added to the
-                               // my_resources list for direct writing by the
-                               // main thread (e.g. resources that don't need
-                               // to be compressed because the desired
-                               // compression type is the same as the previous
-                               // compression type).
-                               ret = do_write_stream_list(&my_resources,
-                                                          out_fp,
-                                                          out_ctype,
-                                                          progress_func,
-                                                          progress,
-                                                          0);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                       }
+       /* Get the next message from the queue and process it.
+        * The message will contain 1 or more data chunks that have been
+        * compressed. */
+       msg = shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
+       msg->complete = true;
+       --ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
+
+       /* Is this the next chunk in the current resource?  If it's not
+        * (i.e., an earlier chunk in a same or different resource
+        * hasn't been compressed yet), do nothing, and keep this
+        * message around until all earlier chunks are received.
+        *
+        * Otherwise, write all the chunks we can. */
+       while (cur_lte != NULL &&
+              !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list)
+              && (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
+                                     struct message,
+                                     list))->complete)
+       {
+               list_move(&msg->list, &ctx->available_msgs);
+               if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
+                       /* This is the first set of chunks.  Leave space
+                        * for the chunk table in the output file. */
+                       off_t cur_offset = filedes_offset(ctx->out_fd);
+                       if (cur_offset == -1)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                       ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
+                                                          ctx->out_fd,
+                                                          cur_offset,
+                                                          &ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
-       }
 
-out:
-       if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM) {
-               ERROR("Could not allocate enough memory for "
-                     "multi-threaded compression");
-       }
+               /* Write the compressed chunks from the message. */
+               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fd, ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
 
-       if (next_lte) {
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-               end_wim_resource_read(next_lte, ni);
-#else
-               end_wim_resource_read(next_lte);
-#endif
-       }
+               /* Was this the last chunk of the stream?  If so, finish
+                * it. */
+               if (list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
+                   msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == ctx->cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
+               {
+                       u64 res_csize;
+                       off_t offset;
+
+                       ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
+                                                           ctx->out_fd,
+                                                           &res_csize);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+
+                       list_del(&cur_lte->being_compressed_list);
+
+                       /* Grab the offset of this stream in the output file
+                        * from the chunk table before we free it. */
+                       offset = ctx->cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
+
+                       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+                       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
+
+                       if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte)) {
+                               /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to
+                                * larger than the original size.  Write
+                                * the resource uncompressed instead. */
+                               DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
+                                     "writing uncompressed instead",
+                                     wim_resource_size(cur_lte), res_csize);
+                               ret = seek_and_truncate(ctx->out_fd, offset);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                               ret = write_wim_resource(cur_lte,
+                                                        ctx->out_fd,
+                                                        WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
+                                                        &cur_lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                                        ctx->write_resource_flags);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size =
+                                       res_csize;
 
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               ret = do_write_stream_list(&my_resources, out_fp,
-                                          out_ctype, progress_func,
-                                          progress, 0);
-       } else {
-               if (msgs) {
-                       size_t num_available_msgs = 0;
-                       struct list_head *cur;
+                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size =
+                                       cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
 
-                       list_for_each(cur, &available_msgs) {
-                               num_available_msgs++;
+                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
+                                       offset;
+
+                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
+                                       cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
+                                               WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+                       }
+
+                       do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress,
+                                                 ctx->progress_func,
+                                                 wim_resource_size(cur_lte));
+
+                       /* Since we just finished writing a stream, write any
+                        * streams that have been added to the serial_streams
+                        * list for direct writing by the main thread (e.g.
+                        * resources that don't need to be compressed because
+                        * the desired compression type is the same as the
+                        * previous compression type). */
+                       if (!list_empty(&ctx->serial_streams)) {
+                               ret = do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
+                                                                 ctx->lookup_table,
+                                                                 ctx->out_fd,
+                                                                 ctx->out_ctype,
+                                                                 ctx->write_resource_flags,
+                                                                 ctx->progress_func,
+                                                                 ctx->progress);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
                        }
 
-                       while (num_available_msgs < num_messages) {
-                               shared_queue_get(compressed_res_queue);
-                               num_available_msgs++;
+                       /* Advance to the next stream to write. */
+                       if (list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams)) {
+                               cur_lte = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
+                                                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                      being_compressed_list);
                        }
                }
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (msgs) {
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++) {
-                       for (size_t j = 0; j < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; j++) {
-                               FREE(msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j]);
-                               FREE(msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j]);
-                       }
+/* Called when the main thread has read a new chunk of data. */
+static int
+main_writer_thread_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       struct message *next_msg;
+       u64 next_chunk_in_msg;
+
+       /* Update SHA1 message digest for the stream currently being read by the
+        * main thread. */
+       sha1_update(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
+
+       /* We send chunks of data to the compressor chunks in batches which we
+        * refer to as "messages".  @next_msg is the message that is currently
+        * being prepared to send off.  If it is NULL, that indicates that we
+        * need to start a new message. */
+       next_msg = ctx->next_msg;
+       if (!next_msg) {
+               /* We need to start a new message.  First check to see if there
+                * is a message available in the list of available messages.  If
+                * so, we can just take one.  If not, all the messages (there is
+                * a fixed number of them, proportional to the number of
+                * threads) have been sent off to the compressor threads, so we
+                * receive messages from the compressor threads containing
+                * compressed chunks of data.
+                *
+                * We may need to receive multiple messages before one is
+                * actually available to use because messages received that are
+                * *not* for the very next set of chunks to compress must be
+                * buffered until it's time to write those chunks. */
+               while (list_empty(&ctx->available_msgs)) {
+                       ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
-               FREE(msgs);
+
+               next_msg = container_of(ctx->available_msgs.next,
+                                       struct message, list);
+               list_del(&next_msg->list);
+               next_msg->complete = false;
+               next_msg->begin_chunk = ctx->next_chunk;
+               next_msg->num_chunks = min(MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG,
+                                          ctx->next_num_chunks - ctx->next_chunk);
+               ctx->next_msg = next_msg;
+       }
+
+       /* Fill in the next chunk to compress */
+       next_chunk_in_msg = ctx->next_chunk - next_msg->begin_chunk;
+
+       next_msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[next_chunk_in_msg] = chunk_size;
+       memcpy(next_msg->uncompressed_chunks[next_chunk_in_msg],
+              chunk, chunk_size);
+       ctx->next_chunk++;
+       if (++next_chunk_in_msg == next_msg->num_chunks) {
+               /* Send off an array of chunks to compress */
+               list_add_tail(&next_msg->list, &ctx->next_lte->msg_list);
+               shared_queue_put(ctx->res_to_compress_queue, next_msg);
+               ++ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
+               ctx->next_msg = NULL;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+main_writer_thread_finish(void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0) {
+               ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
+       wimlib_assert(list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
+       return do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
+                                          ctx->lookup_table,
+                                          ctx->out_fd,
+                                          ctx->out_ctype,
+                                          ctx->write_resource_flags,
+                                          ctx->progress_func,
+                                          ctx->progress);
+}
 
-       FREE(cur_chunk_tab);
+static int
+submit_stream_for_compression(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                             struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Read the entire stream @lte, feeding its data chunks to the
+        * compressor threads.  Also SHA1-sum the stream; this is required in
+        * the case that @lte is unhashed, and a nice additional verification
+        * when @lte is already hashed. */
+       sha1_init(&ctx->next_sha_ctx);
+       ctx->next_chunk = 0;
+       ctx->next_num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
+       ctx->next_lte = lte;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->msg_list);
+       list_add_tail(&lte->being_compressed_list, &ctx->outstanding_streams);
+       ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
+                                  main_writer_thread_cb, ctx, 0);
+       if (ret == 0) {
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk == ctx->next_num_chunks);
+               ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, lte);
+       }
        return ret;
 }
 
+static int
+main_thread_process_next_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
 
-static int write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                     FILE *out_fp,
-                                     int out_ctype,
-                                     int write_flags,
-                                     unsigned num_threads,
-                                     wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                                     union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+       if (wim_resource_size(lte) < 1000 ||
+           ctx->out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
+           (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+            !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
+            wimlib_get_compression_type(lte->wim) == ctx->out_ctype))
+       {
+               /* Stream is too small or isn't being compressed.  Process it by
+                * the main thread when we have a chance.  We can't necessarily
+                * process it right here, as the main thread could be in the
+                * middle of writing a different stream. */
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &ctx->serial_streams);
+               lte->deferred = 1;
+               ret = 0;
+       } else {
+               ret = submit_stream_for_compression(lte, ctx);
+       }
+       lte->no_progress = 1;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static long
+get_default_num_threads()
+{
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       return win32_get_number_of_processors();
+#else
+       return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Equivalent to write_stream_list_serial(), except this takes a @num_threads
+ * parameter and will perform compression using that many threads.  Falls
+ * back to write_stream_list_serial() on certain errors, such as a failure to
+ * create the number of threads requested.
+ *
+ * High level description of the algorithm for writing compressed streams in
+ * parallel:  We perform compression on chunks of size WIM_CHUNK_SIZE bytes
+ * rather than on full files.  The currently executing thread becomes the main
+ * thread and is entirely in charge of reading the data to compress (which may
+ * be in any location understood by the resource code--- such as in an external
+ * file being captured, or in another WIM file from which an image is being
+ * exported) and actually writing the compressed data to the output file.
+ * Additional threads are "compressor threads" and all execute the
+ * compressor_thread_proc, where they repeatedly retrieve buffers of data from
+ * the main thread, compress them, and hand them back to the main thread.
+ *
+ * Certain streams, such as streams that do not need to be compressed (e.g.
+ * input compression type same as output compression type) or streams of very
+ * small size are placed in a list (main_writer_thread_ctx.serial_list) and
+ * handled entirely by the main thread at an appropriate time.
+ *
+ * At any given point in time, multiple streams may be having chunks compressed
+ * concurrently.  The stream that the main thread is currently *reading* may be
+ * later in the list that the stream that the main thread is currently
+ * *writing*.
+ */
+static int
+write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                          struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                          int out_fd,
+                          int out_ctype,
+                          int write_resource_flags,
+                          wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
+                          unsigned num_threads)
 {
        int ret;
        struct shared_queue res_to_compress_queue;
@@ -1198,29 +1236,33 @@ static int write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
        pthread_t *compressor_threads = NULL;
 
        if (num_threads == 0) {
-               long nthreads = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
-               if (nthreads < 1) {
+               long nthreads = get_default_num_threads();
+               if (nthreads < 1 || nthreads > UINT_MAX) {
                        WARNING("Could not determine number of processors! Assuming 1");
                        goto out_serial;
+               } else if (nthreads == 1) {
+                       goto out_serial_quiet;
                } else {
                        num_threads = nthreads;
                }
        }
 
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list (parallel version, num_threads=%u)",
+             num_threads);
+
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = num_threads;
-       wimlib_assert(stream_list->next != stream_list);
 
-       static const double MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2.0;
+       static const size_t MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2;
        size_t queue_size = (size_t)(num_threads * MESSAGES_PER_THREAD);
 
        DEBUG("Initializing shared queues (queue_size=%zu)", queue_size);
 
        ret = shared_queue_init(&res_to_compress_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       if (ret)
                goto out_serial;
 
        ret = shared_queue_init(&compressed_res_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       if (ret)
                goto out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue;
 
        struct compressor_thread_params params;
@@ -1235,13 +1277,14 @@ static int write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
        }
 
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u", i);
+               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u of %u", i + 1, num_threads);
                ret = pthread_create(&compressor_threads[i], NULL,
                                     compressor_thread_proc, &params);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        ret = -1;
                        ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create compressor "
-                                        "thread %u", i);
+                                        "thread %u of %u",
+                                        i + 1, num_threads);
                        num_threads = i;
                        goto out_join;
                }
@@ -1250,23 +1293,44 @@ static int write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
 
-       ret = main_writer_thread_proc(stream_list,
-                                     out_fp,
-                                     out_ctype,
-                                     &res_to_compress_queue,
-                                     &compressed_res_queue,
-                                     queue_size,
-                                     write_flags,
-                                     progress_func,
-                                     progress);
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx ctx;
+       ctx.stream_list           = stream_list;
+       ctx.lookup_table          = lookup_table;
+       ctx.out_fd                = out_fd;
+       ctx.out_ctype             = out_ctype;
+       ctx.res_to_compress_queue = &res_to_compress_queue;
+       ctx.compressed_res_queue  = &compressed_res_queue;
+       ctx.num_messages          = queue_size;
+       ctx.write_resource_flags  = write_resource_flags;
+       ctx.progress_func         = progress_func;
+       ctx.progress              = progress;
+       ret = main_writer_thread_init_ctx(&ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_join;
+       ret = do_write_stream_list(stream_list, lookup_table,
+                                  main_thread_process_next_stream,
+                                  &ctx, progress_func, progress);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_ctx;
+
+       /* The main thread has finished reading all streams that are going to be
+        * compressed in parallel, and it now needs to wait for all remaining
+        * chunks to be compressed so that the remaining streams can actually be
+        * written to the output file.  Furthermore, any remaining streams that
+        * had processing deferred to the main thread need to be handled.  These
+        * tasks are done by the main_writer_thread_finish() function. */
+       ret = main_writer_thread_finish(&ctx);
+out_destroy_ctx:
+       main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(&ctx);
 out_join:
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
                shared_queue_put(&res_to_compress_queue, NULL);
 
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
                if (pthread_join(compressor_threads[i], NULL)) {
-                       WARNING("Failed to join compressor thread %u: %s",
-                               i, strerror(errno));
+                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to join compressor "
+                                          "thread %u of %u",
+                                          i + 1, num_threads);
                }
        }
        FREE(compressor_threads);
@@ -1278,10 +1342,12 @@ out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue:
                return ret;
 out_serial:
        WARNING("Falling back to single-threaded compression");
+out_serial_quiet:
        return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                       out_fp,
+                                       lookup_table,
+                                       out_fd,
                                        out_ctype,
-                                       write_flags,
+                                       write_resource_flags,
                                        progress_func,
                                        progress);
 
@@ -1289,26 +1355,38 @@ out_serial:
 #endif
 
 /*
- * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fp) using the compression type
+ * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fd) using the compression type
  * @out_ctype and up to @num_threads compressor threads.
  */
-static int write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list, FILE *out_fp,
-                            int out_ctype, int write_flags,
-                            unsigned num_threads,
-                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+static int
+write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                 int out_fd, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
+                 unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        size_t num_streams = 0;
        u64 total_bytes = 0;
        u64 total_compression_bytes = 0;
        union wimlib_progress_info progress;
+       int ret;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+
+       if (list_empty(stream_list))
+               return 0;
+
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, staging_list) {
+       /* Calculate the total size of the streams to be written.  Note: this
+        * will be the uncompressed size, as we may not know the compressed size
+        * yet, and also this will assume that every unhashed stream will be
+        * written (which will not necessarily be the case). */
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
                num_streams++;
                total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
                       && (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) != out_ctype ||
-                          (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
+                          (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
                {
                        total_compression_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                }
@@ -1319,111 +1397,287 @@ static int write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list, FILE *out_fp,
        progress.write_streams.completed_streams = 0;
        progress.write_streams.num_threads       = num_threads;
        progress.write_streams.compression_type  = out_ctype;
+       progress.write_streams._private          = 0;
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
        if (total_compression_bytes >= 1000000 && num_threads != 1)
-               return write_stream_list_parallel(stream_list,
-                                                 out_fp,
-                                                 out_ctype,
-                                                 write_flags,
-                                                 num_threads,
-                                                 progress_func,
-                                                 &progress);
+               ret = write_stream_list_parallel(stream_list,
+                                                lookup_table,
+                                                out_fd,
+                                                out_ctype,
+                                                write_resource_flags,
+                                                progress_func,
+                                                &progress,
+                                                num_threads);
        else
 #endif
-               return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                               out_fp,
-                                               out_ctype,
-                                               write_flags,
-                                               progress_func,
-                                               &progress);
+               ret = write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
+                                              lookup_table,
+                                              out_fd,
+                                              out_ctype,
+                                              write_resource_flags,
+                                              progress_func,
+                                              &progress);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+struct stream_size_table {
+       struct hlist_head *array;
+       size_t num_entries;
+       size_t capacity;
+};
+
+static int
+init_stream_size_table(struct stream_size_table *tab, size_t capacity)
+{
+       tab->array = CALLOC(capacity, sizeof(tab->array[0]));
+       if (!tab->array)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       tab->num_entries = 0;
+       tab->capacity = capacity;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_stream_size_table(struct stream_size_table *tab)
+{
+       FREE(tab->array);
+}
+
+static int
+stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
+{
+       struct stream_size_table *tab = _tab;
+       size_t pos;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *same_size_lte;
+       struct hlist_node *tmp;
+
+       pos = hash_u64(wim_resource_size(lte)) % tab->capacity;
+       lte->unique_size = 1;
+       hlist_for_each_entry(same_size_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
+               if (wim_resource_size(same_size_lte) == wim_resource_size(lte)) {
+                       lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       same_size_lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       hlist_add_head(&lte->hash_list_2, &tab->array[pos]);
+       tab->num_entries++;
+       return 0;
 }
 
+
 struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args {
        WIMStruct *wim;
        off_t end_offset;
-       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
 };
 
-static int lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *arg)
+/* First phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
+ * on all streams, both hashed and unhashed, except the metadata resources. */
+static int
+lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = arg;
-
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-           lte->wim == args->wim &&
-           lte->resource_entry.offset + lte->resource_entry.size > args->end_offset)
-       {
-               ERROR("The following resource is after the XML data:");
-               print_lookup_table_entry(lte);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
-       }
+       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
 
+       wimlib_assert(!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA));
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM || lte->wim != args->wim)
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &args->stream_list);
        lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-       memcpy(&lte->output_resource_entry, &lte->resource_entry,
-              sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       if (!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)) {
-               wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT);
-               if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM || lte->wim != args->wim)
-                       list_add(&lte->staging_list, args->stream_list);
+       stream_size_table_insert(lte, &args->stream_size_tab);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Second phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
+ * on existing metadata resources and hashed streams, but not unhashed streams.
+ *
+ * NOTE: lte->output_resource_entry is in union with lte->hash_list_2, so
+ * lte_overwrite_prepare_2() must be called after lte_overwrite_prepare(), as
+ * the latter uses lte->hash_list_2, while the former expects to set
+ * lte->output_resource_entry. */
+static int
+lte_overwrite_prepare_2(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
+{
+       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->wim == args->wim) {
+               /* We can't do an in place overwrite on the WIM if there are
+                * streams after the XML data. */
+               if (lte->resource_entry.offset +
+                   lte->resource_entry.size > args->end_offset)
+               {
+               #ifdef ENABLE_ERROR_MESSAGES
+                       ERROR("The following resource is after the XML data:");
+                       print_lookup_table_entry(lte, stderr);
+               #endif
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               }
+               copy_resource_entry(&lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                   &lte->resource_entry);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int wim_find_new_streams(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
-                               struct list_head *stream_list)
+/* Given a WIM that we are going to overwrite in place with zero or more
+ * additional streams added, construct a list the list of new unique streams
+ * ('struct wim_lookup_table_entry's) that must be written, plus any unhashed
+ * streams that need to be added but may be identical to other hashed or
+ * unhashed streams.  These unhashed streams are checksummed while the streams
+ * are being written.  To aid this process, the member @unique_size is set to 1
+ * on streams that have a unique size and therefore must be written.
+ *
+ * The out_refcnt member of each 'struct wim_lookup_table_entry' is set to
+ * indicate the number of times the stream is referenced in only the streams
+ * that are being written; this may still be adjusted later when unhashed
+ * streams are being resolved.
+ */
+static int
+prepare_streams_for_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
+                             struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args args = {
-               .wim         = wim,
-               .end_offset  = end_offset,
-               .stream_list = stream_list,
-       };
+       int ret;
+       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args args;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       args.wim = wim;
+       args.end_offset = end_offset;
+       ret = init_stream_size_table(&args.stream_size_tab,
+                                    wim->lookup_table->capacity);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&args.stream_list);
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+               imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
+               image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+                       lte_overwrite_prepare(lte, &args);
+       }
+       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
+       list_transfer(&args.stream_list, stream_list);
 
-       return for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                     lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               ret = lte_overwrite_prepare_2(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte,
+                                             &args);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_stream_size_table;
+       }
+       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                    lte_overwrite_prepare_2, &args);
+out_destroy_stream_size_table:
+       destroy_stream_size_table(&args.stream_size_tab);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static int inode_find_streams_to_write(struct wim_inode *inode,
-                                      struct wim_lookup_table *table,
-                                      struct list_head *stream_list)
+
+struct find_streams_ctx {
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
+};
+
+static void
+inode_find_streams_to_write(struct wim_inode *inode,
+                           struct wim_lookup_table *table,
+                           struct list_head *stream_list,
+                           struct stream_size_table *tab)
 {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
                lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, table);
                if (lte) {
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0)
-                               list_add_tail(&lte->staging_list, stream_list);
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+                               if (lte->unhashed)
+                                       stream_size_table_insert(lte, tab);
+                               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, stream_list);
+                       }
                        lte->out_refcnt += inode->i_nlink;
                }
        }
-       return 0;
 }
 
-static int image_find_streams_to_write(WIMStruct *w)
+static int
+image_find_streams_to_write(WIMStruct *w)
 {
+       struct find_streams_ctx *ctx;
+       struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
        struct wim_inode *inode;
-       struct hlist_node *cur;
-       struct hlist_head *inode_list;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       ctx = w->private;
+       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(w);
 
-       inode_list = &wim_get_current_image_metadata(w)->inode_list;
-       hlist_for_each_entry(inode, cur, inode_list, i_hlist) {
+       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+               lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+
+       /* Go through this image's inodes to find any streams that have not been
+        * found yet. */
+       image_for_each_inode(inode, imd) {
                inode_find_streams_to_write(inode, w->lookup_table,
-                                           (struct list_head*)w->private);
+                                           &ctx->stream_list,
+                                           &ctx->stream_size_tab);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
-                            unsigned num_threads,
-                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/* Given a WIM that from which one or all of the images is being written, build
+ * the list of unique streams ('struct wim_lookup_table_entry's) that must be
+ * written, plus any unhashed streams that need to be written but may be
+ * identical to other hashed or unhashed streams being written.  These unhashed
+ * streams are checksummed while the streams are being written.  To aid this
+ * process, the member @unique_size is set to 1 on streams that have a unique
+ * size and therefore must be written.
+ *
+ * The out_refcnt member of each 'struct wim_lookup_table_entry' is set to
+ * indicate the number of times the stream is referenced in only the streams
+ * that are being written; this may still be adjusted later when unhashed
+ * streams are being resolved.
+ */
+static int
+prepare_stream_list(WIMStruct *wim, int image, struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
+       int ret;
+       struct find_streams_ctx ctx;
 
-       for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
-       LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       w->private = &stream_list;
-       for_image(w, image, image_find_streams_to_write);
-       return write_stream_list(&stream_list, w->out_fp,
-                                wimlib_get_compression_type(w), write_flags,
-                                num_threads, progress_func);
+       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
+       ret = init_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab,
+                                    wim->lookup_table->capacity);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, stream_size_table_insert,
+                              &ctx.stream_size_tab);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
+       wim->private = &ctx;
+       ret = for_image(wim, image, image_find_streams_to_write);
+       destroy_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab);
+       if (ret == 0)
+               list_transfer(&ctx.stream_list, stream_list);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Writes the streams for the specified @image in @wim to @wim->out_fd.
+ */
+static int
+write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                 unsigned num_threads,
+                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+
+       ret = prepare_stream_list(wim, image, &stream_list);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       return write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+                                wim->lookup_table,
+                                wim->out_fd,
+                                wimlib_get_compression_type(wim),
+                                write_flags,
+                                num_threads,
+                                progress_func);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1455,12 +1709,12 @@ static int write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
  *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
  *
  */
-int finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
-                wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+int
+finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
+            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
        struct wim_header hdr;
-       FILE *out = w->out_fp;
 
        /* @hdr will be the header for the new WIM.  First copy all the data
         * from the header in the WIMStruct; then set all the fields that may
@@ -1468,46 +1722,49 @@ int finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
         * count.  */
        memcpy(&hdr, &w->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
 
+       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes */
+       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+               hdr.image_count = 1;
+               if (hdr.boot_idx == image)
+                       hdr.boot_idx = 1;
+               else
+                       hdr.boot_idx = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
+        * metadata resource labeled as the "boot metadata".  This entry should
+        * be zeroed out if there is no bootable image (boot_idx 0).  Otherwise,
+        * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
+        * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...  */
+       if (hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
+               zero_resource_entry(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
+       } else {
+               copy_resource_entry(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
+                           &w->image_metadata[ hdr.boot_idx- 1
+                                       ]->metadata_lte->output_resource_entry);
+       }
+
        if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
-               ret = write_lookup_table(w->lookup_table, out, &hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
+               ret = write_lookup_table(w, image, &hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_close_wim;
        }
 
-       ret = write_xml_data(w->wim_info, image, out,
+       ret = write_xml_data(w->wim_info, image, w->out_fd,
                             (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE) ?
                              wim_info_get_total_bytes(w->wim_info) : 0,
                             &hdr.xml_res_entry);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
                if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML) {
                        struct wim_header checkpoint_hdr;
                        memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
-                       memset(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity, 0, sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, out);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out;
-
-                       if (fflush(out) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't write data to WIM");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
+                       zero_resource_entry(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity);
+                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, w->out_fd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_close_wim;
                }
 
                off_t old_lookup_table_end;
@@ -1521,88 +1778,53 @@ int finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
                new_lookup_table_end = hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
                                       hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
 
-               ret = write_integrity_table(out,
+               ret = write_integrity_table(w->out_fd,
                                            &hdr.integrity,
                                            new_lookup_table_end,
                                            old_lookup_table_end,
                                            progress_func);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_close_wim;
        } else {
-               memset(&hdr.integrity, 0, sizeof(struct resource_entry));
+               zero_resource_entry(&hdr.integrity);
        }
 
-       /*
-        * In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
-        * metadata resource labeled as the "boot metadata".  This entry should
-        * be zeroed out if there is no bootable image (boot_idx 0).  Otherwise,
-        * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
-        * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...
-        */
-
-       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes */
-       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               hdr.image_count = 1;
-               if (hdr.boot_idx == image)
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 1;
-               else
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 0;
-       }
-
-       if (hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
-               memset(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry, 0,
-                      sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       } else {
-               memcpy(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
-                      &w->image_metadata[
-                         hdr.boot_idx - 1].metadata_lte->output_resource_entry,
-                      sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       }
-
-       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning of WIM "
-                                "being written");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = write_header(&hdr, out);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       ret = write_header(&hdr, w->out_fd);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC) {
-               if (fflush(out) != 0
-                   || fsync(fileno(out)) != 0)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error flushing data to WIM file");
+               if (fsync(w->out_fd)) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error syncing data to WIM file");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
                }
        }
-out:
-       if (fclose(out) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the WIM file");
+out_close_wim:
+       if (close(w->out_fd)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the output WIM file");
                if (ret == 0)
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       w->out_fp = NULL;
+       w->out_fd = -1;
        return ret;
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
-int lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, FILE *fp)
+int
+lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, int fd)
 {
        int ret = 0;
-       if (fp && !w->wim_locked) {
-               ret = flock(fileno(fp), LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
+       if (fd != -1 && !w->wim_locked) {
+               ret = flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
-                               ERROR("`%s' is already being modified or has been "
+                               ERROR("`%"TS"' is already being modified or has been "
                                      "mounted read-write\n"
                                      "        by another process!", w->filename);
                                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_ALREADY_LOCKED;
                        } else {
-                               WARNING("Failed to lock `%s': %s",
-                                       w->filename, strerror(errno));
+                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to lock `%"TS"'",
+                                                  w->filename);
                                ret = 0;
                        }
                } else {
@@ -1613,56 +1835,57 @@ int lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, FILE *fp)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w, const char *path,
-                            bool trunc, bool readable)
+static int
+open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
 {
-       const char *mode;
-       if (trunc)
-               if (readable)
-                       mode = "w+b";
-               else
-                       mode = "wb";
-       else
-               mode = "r+b";
-
-       wimlib_assert(w->out_fp == NULL);
-       w->out_fp = fopen(path, mode);
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               return 0;
-       } else {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open `%s' for writing", path);
+       w->out_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
+       if (w->out_fd == -1) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open `%"TS"' for writing", path);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 
-void close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w)
+void
+close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w)
 {
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               if (fclose(w->out_fp) != 0) {
-                       WARNING("Failed to close output WIM: %s",
-                               strerror(errno));
-               }
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+       if (w->out_fd != -1) {
+               if (close(w->out_fd))
+                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close output WIM");
+               w->out_fd = -1;
        }
 }
 
 /* Open file stream and write dummy header for WIM. */
-int begin_write(WIMStruct *w, const char *path, int write_flags)
+int
+begin_write(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path, int write_flags)
 {
        int ret;
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, path, true,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       int open_flags = O_TRUNC | O_CREAT;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
+       else
+               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
+       ret = open_wim_writable(w, path, open_flags);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
        /* Write dummy header. It will be overwritten later. */
-       return write_header(&w->hdr, w->out_fp);
+       ret = write_header(&w->hdr, w->out_fd);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       if (lseek(w->out_fd, WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of WIM header");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* Writes a stand-alone WIM to a file.  */
-WIMLIBAPI int wimlib_write(WIMStruct *w, const char *path,
-                          int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
-                          wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_write(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path,
+            int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
 
@@ -1681,34 +1904,39 @@ WIMLIBAPI int wimlib_write(WIMStruct *w, const char *path,
        }
 
        ret = begin_write(w, path, write_flags);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        ret = write_wim_streams(w, image, write_flags, num_threads,
                                progress_func);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_BEGIN, NULL);
 
        ret = for_image(w, image, write_metadata_resource);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_END, NULL);
 
        ret = finish_write(w, image, write_flags, progress_func);
-out:
+       /* finish_write() closed the WIM for us */
+       goto out;
+out_close_wim:
        close_wim_writable(w);
+out:
+       DEBUG("wimlib_write(path=%"TS") = %d", path, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static bool any_images_modified(WIMStruct *w)
+static bool
+any_images_modified(WIMStruct *w)
 {
        for (int i = 0; i < w->hdr.image_count; i++)
-               if (w->image_metadata[i].modified)
+               if (w->image_metadata[i]->modified)
                        return true;
        return false;
 }
@@ -1770,144 +1998,159 @@ static bool any_images_modified(WIMStruct *w)
  * table, xml data, and integrity table were.  (These usually only take up a
  * small amount of space compared to the streams, however.)
  */
-static int overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
-                                unsigned num_threads,
-                                wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+static int
+overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+                     unsigned num_threads,
+                     wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
        struct list_head stream_list;
        off_t old_wim_end;
-       bool found_modified_image;
+       u64 old_lookup_table_end, old_xml_begin, old_xml_end;
+       int open_flags;
 
-       DEBUG("Overwriting `%s' in-place", w->filename);
+       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", w->filename);
 
        /* Make sure that the integrity table (if present) is after the XML
         * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
         * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
         * overwritten. */
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 &&
-           w->hdr.integrity.offset < w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
+       old_xml_begin = w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset;
+       old_xml_end = old_xml_begin + w->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
+       old_lookup_table_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
+                              w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 && w->hdr.integrity.offset < old_xml_end) {
                ERROR("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
        }
 
-       if (w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset > w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
+       if (old_lookup_table_end > old_xml_begin) {
                ERROR("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
        }
 
-
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset)
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.integrity.offset + w->hdr.integrity.size;
-       else
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset + w->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
-
+       /* Set @old_wim_end, which indicates the point beyond which we don't
+        * allow any file and metadata resources to appear without returning
+        * WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER (due to the fact that we would otherwise
+        * overwrite these resources). */
        if (!w->deletion_occurred && !any_images_modified(w)) {
                /* If no images have been modified and no images have been
-                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written. */
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                             w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written.  We
+                * shall write the new XML data and optional integrity table
+                * immediately after the lookup table.  Note that this may
+                * overwrite an existing integrity table. */
+               DEBUG("Skipping writing lookup table "
+                     "(no images modified or deleted)");
+               old_wim_end = old_lookup_table_end;
                write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE |
                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML;
+       } else if (w->hdr.integrity.offset) {
+               /* Old WIM has an integrity table; begin writing new streams
+                * after it. */
+               old_wim_end = w->hdr.integrity.offset + w->hdr.integrity.size;
+       } else {
+               /* No existing integrity table; begin writing new streams after
+                * the old XML data. */
+               old_wim_end = old_xml_end;
        }
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stream_list);
-       ret = wim_find_new_streams(w, old_wim_end, &stream_list);
-       if (ret != 0)
+
+       ret = prepare_streams_for_overwrite(w, old_wim_end, &stream_list);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, w->filename, false,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       open_flags = 0;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
+       else
+               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
+       ret = open_wim_writable(w, w->filename, open_flags);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       ret = lock_wim(w, w->out_fp);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+       ret = lock_wim(w, w->out_fd);
+       if (ret) {
+               close_wim_writable(w);
                return ret;
        }
 
-       if (fseeko(w->out_fp, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+       if (lseek(w->out_fd, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't seek to end of WIM");
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+               close_wim_writable(w);
                w->wim_locked = 0;
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
 
-       if (!list_empty(&stream_list)) {
-               DEBUG("Writing newly added streams (offset = %"PRIu64")",
-                     old_wim_end);
-               ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list, w->out_fp,
-                                       wimlib_get_compression_type(w),
-                                       write_flags, num_threads,
-                                       progress_func);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_ftruncate;
-       } else {
-               DEBUG("No new streams were added");
-       }
+       DEBUG("Writing newly added streams (offset = %"PRIu64")",
+             old_wim_end);
+       ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+                               w->lookup_table,
+                               w->out_fd,
+                               wimlib_get_compression_type(w),
+                               write_flags,
+                               num_threads,
+                               progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
 
-       found_modified_image = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < w->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               if (!found_modified_image)
-                       found_modified_image = w->image_metadata[i].modified;
-               if (found_modified_image) {
+               if (w->image_metadata[i]->modified) {
                        select_wim_image(w, i + 1);
                        ret = write_metadata_resource(w);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out_ftruncate;
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_truncate;
                }
        }
        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE;
        ret = finish_write(w, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
                           progress_func);
-out_ftruncate:
+out_truncate:
        close_wim_writable(w);
        if (ret != 0 && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
-               WARNING("Truncating `%s' to its original size (%"PRIu64" bytes)",
+               WARNING("Truncating `%"TS"' to its original size (%"PRIu64" bytes)",
                        w->filename, old_wim_end);
                /* Return value of truncate() is ignored because this is already
                 * an error path. */
-               (void)truncate(w->filename, old_wim_end);
+               (void)ttruncate(w->filename, old_wim_end);
        }
        w->wim_locked = 0;
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
-                                    unsigned num_threads,
-                                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+static int
+overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+                         unsigned num_threads,
+                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        size_t wim_name_len;
        int ret;
 
-       DEBUG("Overwriting `%s' via a temporary file", w->filename);
+       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' via a temporary file", w->filename);
 
        /* Write the WIM to a temporary file in the same directory as the
         * original WIM. */
-       wim_name_len = strlen(w->filename);
-       char tmpfile[wim_name_len + 10];
-       memcpy(tmpfile, w->filename, wim_name_len);
+       wim_name_len = tstrlen(w->filename);
+       tchar tmpfile[wim_name_len + 10];
+       tmemcpy(tmpfile, w->filename, wim_name_len);
        randomize_char_array_with_alnum(tmpfile + wim_name_len, 9);
-       tmpfile[wim_name_len + 9] = '\0';
+       tmpfile[wim_name_len + 9] = T('\0');
 
        ret = wimlib_write(w, tmpfile, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
                           write_flags | WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC,
                           num_threads, progress_func);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR("Failed to write the WIM file `%s'", tmpfile);
-               goto err;
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR("Failed to write the WIM file `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
+               goto out_unlink;
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Renaming `%s' to `%s'", tmpfile, w->filename);
+       close_wim(w);
 
+       DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, w->filename);
        /* Rename the new file to the old file .*/
-       if (rename(tmpfile, w->filename) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to rename `%s' to `%s'",
+       if (trename(tmpfile, w->filename) != 0) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to rename `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'",
                                 tmpfile, w->filename);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RENAME;
-               goto err;
+               goto out_unlink;
        }
 
        if (progress_func) {
@@ -1916,36 +2159,22 @@ static int overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
                progress.rename.to = w->filename;
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_RENAME, &progress);
        }
-
-       /* Close the original WIM file that was opened for reading. */
-       if (w->fp != NULL) {
-               fclose(w->fp);
-               w->fp = NULL;
-       }
-
-       /* Re-open the WIM read-only. */
-       w->fp = fopen(w->filename, "rb");
-       if (w->fp == NULL) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_REOPEN;
-               WARNING("Failed to re-open `%s' read-only: %s",
-                       w->filename, strerror(errno));
-               FREE(w->filename);
-               w->filename = NULL;
-       }
-       return ret;
-err:
+       goto out;
+out_unlink:
        /* Remove temporary file. */
-       if (unlink(tmpfile) != 0)
-               WARNING("Failed to remove `%s': %s", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+       if (tunlink(tmpfile) != 0)
+               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to remove `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
+out:
        return ret;
 }
 
 /*
  * Writes a WIM file to the original file that it was read from, overwriting it.
  */
-WIMLIBAPI int wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
-                              unsigned num_threads,
-                              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+                unsigned num_threads,
+                wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;