]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/write.c
Merge branch with pipable WIM support
[wimlib] / src / write.c
index 3a5ea5762506f2fbabf75f1cf94456f026bb3c80..96ada4929be1316e353091aa547e64f32b14960a 100644 (file)
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#  include <time.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/attrib.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/inode.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/dir.h>
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
 #  include <alloca.h>
 #else
@@ -80,7 +73,6 @@
  * the WIM.  (This is not the on-disk format; the on-disk format just has an
  * array of offsets.) */
 struct chunk_table {
-       off_t file_offset;
        u64 original_resource_size;
        u64 num_chunks;
        u64 table_disk_size;
@@ -96,30 +88,32 @@ struct chunk_table {
        u8 offsets[] _aligned_attribute(8);
 };
 
-/*
- * Allocates and initializes a chunk table, and reserves space for it in the
- * output file.
- */
+/* Allocate and initializes a chunk table, then reserve space for it in the
+ * output file unless writing a pipable resource.  */
 static int
 begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            int out_fd,
-                            off_t file_offset,
-                            struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret)
+                            struct filedes *out_fd,
+                            struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret,
+                            int resource_flags)
 {
-       u64 size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-       u64 num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
-       unsigned bytes_per_chunk_entry = (size > (1ULL << 32)) ? 8 : 4;
-       size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
+       u64 size;
+       u64 num_chunks;
+       unsigned bytes_per_chunk_entry;
+       size_t alloc_size;
+       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
+       int ret;
 
-       DEBUG("Beginning chunk table for stream with size %"PRIu64, size);
+       size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
+       bytes_per_chunk_entry = (size > (1ULL << 32)) ? 8 : 4;
+       alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
+       chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
 
        if (!chunk_tab) {
                ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
                      "resource", size);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
-       chunk_tab->file_offset = file_offset;
        chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
        chunk_tab->original_resource_size = size;
        chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry = bytes_per_chunk_entry;
@@ -127,16 +121,23 @@ begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                                     (num_chunks - 1);
        chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
 
-       /* We don't know the correct offsets yet; this just writes zeroes to
+       /* We don't know the correct offsets yet; so just write zeroes to
         * reserve space for the table, so we can go back to it later after
-        * we've written the compressed chunks following it. */
-       if (full_write(out_fd, chunk_tab->offsets,
-                      chunk_tab->table_disk_size) != chunk_tab->table_disk_size)
-       {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               FREE(chunk_tab);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+        * we've written the compressed chunks following it.
+        *
+        * Special case: if writing a pipable WIM, compressed resources are in a
+        * modified format (see comment above write_pipable_wim()) and do not
+        * have a chunk table at the beginning, so don't reserve any space for
+        * one.  */
+       if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               ret = full_write(out_fd, chunk_tab->offsets,
+                                chunk_tab->table_disk_size);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
+                                        "file resource");
+                       FREE(chunk_tab);
+                       return ret;
+               }
        }
        *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
        return 0;
@@ -193,100 +194,81 @@ get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
                return wimlib_xpress_compress;
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes a chunk of a WIM resource to an output file.
- *
- * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:          Size of the chunk (<= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE)
- * @out_fd:      File descriptor to write the chunk to.
- * @compress:     Compression function to use (NULL if writing uncompressed
- *                     data).
- * @chunk_tab:   Pointer to chunk table being created.  It is updated with the
- *                     offset of the chunk we write.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
+/* Finishes a WIM chunk table and writes it to the output file at the correct
+ * offset.  */
 static int
-write_wim_resource_chunk(const void * restrict chunk,
-                        unsigned chunk_size,
-                        int out_fd,
-                        compress_func_t compress,
-                        struct chunk_table * restrict chunk_tab)
+finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
+                             struct filedes *out_fd,
+                             off_t res_start_offset,
+                             int write_resource_flags)
 {
-       const void *out_chunk;
-       unsigned out_chunk_size;
-       if (compress) {
-               void *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
+       int ret;
 
-               out_chunk_size = (*compress)(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk);
-               if (out_chunk_size) {
-                       /* Write compressed */
-                       out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
-               } else {
-                       /* Write uncompressed */
-                       out_chunk = chunk;
-                       out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
-               }
-               chunk_tab_record_chunk(chunk_tab, out_chunk_size);
+       if (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               ret = full_write(out_fd,
+                                chunk_tab->offsets +
+                                        chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
+                                chunk_tab->table_disk_size);
        } else {
-               /* Write uncompressed */
-               out_chunk = chunk;
-               out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
+               ret  = full_pwrite(out_fd,
+                                  chunk_tab->offsets +
+                                          chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
+                                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size,
+                                  res_start_offset);
        }
-       if (full_write(out_fd, out_chunk, out_chunk_size) != out_chunk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
+                                "file resource");
        }
-       return 0;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Finishes a WIM chunk table and writes it to the output file at the correct
- * offset.
- *
- * The final size of the full compressed resource is returned in the
- * @compressed_size_p.
+/* Write the header for a stream in a pipable WIM.
  */
 static int
-finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             int out_fd, u64 *compressed_size_p)
+write_pwm_stream_header(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       struct filedes *out_fd,
+                       int additional_reshdr_flags)
 {
-       size_t bytes_written;
+       struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+       u32 reshdr_flags;
+       int ret;
 
-       bytes_written = full_pwrite(out_fd,
-                                   chunk_tab->offsets + chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                                   chunk_tab->table_disk_size,
-                                   chunk_tab->file_offset);
-       if (bytes_written != chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       stream_hdr.magic = PWM_STREAM_MAGIC;
+       stream_hdr.uncompressed_size = cpu_to_le64(lte->resource_entry.original_size);
+       if (additional_reshdr_flags & PWM_RESHDR_FLAG_UNHASHED) {
+               zero_out_hash(stream_hdr.hash);
+       } else {
+               wimlib_assert(!lte->unhashed);
+               copy_hash(stream_hdr.hash, lte->hash);
        }
-       if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 4)
-               *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset_u32 + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
-       else
-               *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset_u64 + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
-       return 0;
+
+       reshdr_flags = lte->resource_entry.flags & ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+       reshdr_flags |= additional_reshdr_flags;
+       stream_hdr.flags = cpu_to_le32(reshdr_flags);
+       ret = full_write(out_fd, &stream_hdr, sizeof(stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing stream header");
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static int
-seek_and_truncate(int out_fd, off_t offset)
+seek_and_truncate(struct filedes *out_fd, off_t offset)
 {
-       if (lseek(out_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1 ||
-           ftruncate(out_fd, offset))
+       if (filedes_seek(out_fd, offset) == -1 ||
+           ftruncate(out_fd->fd, offset))
        {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       } else {
-               return 0;
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX * restrict sha_ctx,
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry * restrict lte)
+finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX *sha_ctx, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 {
        u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+
        sha1_final(md, sha_ctx);
        if (lte->unhashed) {
                copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
@@ -302,45 +284,99 @@ finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX * restrict sha_ctx,
        return 0;
 }
 
-
 struct write_resource_ctx {
        compress_func_t compress;
        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
-       int out_fd;
+       struct filedes *out_fd;
        SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
        bool doing_sha;
+       int resource_flags;
 };
 
 static int
-write_resource_cb(const void *restrict chunk, size_t chunk_size,
-                 void *restrict _ctx)
+write_resource_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
 {
        struct write_resource_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       const void *out_chunk;
+       unsigned out_chunk_size;
+       int ret;
 
        if (ctx->doing_sha)
                sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
-       return write_wim_resource_chunk(chunk, chunk_size,
-                                       ctx->out_fd, ctx->compress,
-                                       ctx->chunk_tab);
+
+       out_chunk = chunk;
+       out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
+       if (ctx->compress) {
+               void *compressed_chunk;
+               unsigned compressed_size;
+
+               /* Compress the chunk.  */
+               compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
+               compressed_size = (*ctx->compress)(chunk, chunk_size,
+                                                  compressed_chunk);
+
+               /* Use compressed data if compression to less than input size
+                * was successful.  */
+               if (compressed_size) {
+                       out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
+                       out_chunk_size = compressed_size;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->chunk_tab) {
+               /* Update chunk table accounting.  */
+               chunk_tab_record_chunk(ctx->chunk_tab, out_chunk_size);
+
+               /* If writing compressed chunks to a pipable WIM, before the
+                * chunk data write a chunk header that provides the compressed
+                * chunk size.  */
+               if (ctx->resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+                       struct pwm_chunk_hdr chunk_hdr = {
+                               .compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(out_chunk_size),
+                       };
+                       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, &chunk_hdr,
+                                        sizeof(chunk_hdr));
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Write the chunk data.  */
+       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, out_chunk, out_chunk_size);
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
+       return 0;
+
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
+       return ret;
 }
 
 /*
+ * write_wim_resource()-
+ *
  * Write a resource to an output WIM.
  *
- * @lte:  Lookup table entry for the resource, which could be in another WIM,
- *        in an external file, or in another location.
+ * @lte:
+ *     Lookup table entry for the resource, which could be in another WIM, in
+ *     an external file, or in another location.
  *
- * @out_fd:  File descriptor opened to the output WIM.
+ * @out_fd:
+ *     File descriptor opened to the output WIM.
  *
- * @out_ctype:  One of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants to indicate
- *              which compression algorithm to use.
+ * @out_ctype:
+ *     One of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants to indicate which
+ *     compression algorithm to use.
  *
- * @out_res_entry:  On success, this is filled in with the offset, flags,
- *                  compressed size, and uncompressed size of the resource
- *                  in the output WIM.
+ * @out_res_entry:
+ *     On success, this is filled in with the offset, flags, compressed size,
+ *     and uncompressed size of the resource in the output WIM.
  *
- * @flags:  WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS to force data to be recompressed
- *          even if it could otherwise be copied directly from the input.
+ * @write_resource_flags:
+ *     * WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS to force data to be recompressed even
+ *       if it could otherwise be copied directly from the input;
+ *     * WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE if writing a resource for a pipable WIM
+ *       (and the output file descriptor may be a pipe).
  *
  * Additional notes:  The SHA1 message digest of the uncompressed data is
  * calculated (except when doing a raw copy --- see below).  If the @unhashed
@@ -350,36 +386,43 @@ write_resource_cb(const void *restrict chunk, size_t chunk_size,
  */
 int
 write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                  int out_fd, int out_ctype,
+                  struct filedes *out_fd, int out_ctype,
                   struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                  int flags)
+                  int resource_flags)
 {
        struct write_resource_ctx write_ctx;
+       off_t res_start_offset;
        u64 read_size;
-       u64 new_size;
-       off_t offset;
        int ret;
 
-       flags &= ~WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       /* Mask out any irrelevant flags, since this function also uses this
+        * variable to store WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE flags.  */
+       resource_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_MASK;
 
-       /* Get current position in output WIM */
-       offset = filedes_offset(out_fd);
-       if (offset == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't get position in output WIM");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
+       /* Get current position in output WIM.  */
+       res_start_offset = out_fd->offset;
 
        /* If we are not forcing the data to be recompressed, and the input
         * resource is located in a WIM with the same compression type as that
         * desired other than no compression, we can simply copy the compressed
         * data without recompressing it.  This also means we must skip
-        * calculating the SHA1, as we never will see the uncompressed data. */
-       if (!(flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
-           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+        * calculating the SHA1, as we never will see the uncompressed data.  */
+       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           out_ctype == wim_resource_compression_type(lte) &&
            out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE &&
-           lte->wim->compression_type == out_ctype)
+           !(resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS))
        {
-               flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW;
+               /* Normally we can request a RAW_FULL read, but if we're reading
+                * from a pipable resource and writing a non-pipable resource or
+                * vice versa, then a RAW_CHUNKS read needs to be requested so
+                * that the written resource can be appropriately formatted.
+                * However, in neither case is any actual decompression needed.
+                */
+               if (lte->is_pipable == !!(resource_flags &
+                                         WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+                       resource_flags |= WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_FULL;
+               else
+                       resource_flags |= WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_CHUNKS;
                write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
                read_size = lte->resource_entry.size;
        } else {
@@ -388,27 +431,43 @@ write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                read_size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
        }
 
-       /* Initialize the chunk table and set the compression function if
-        * compressing the resource. */
-       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
-           (flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)) {
-               write_ctx.compress = NULL;
-               write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
-       } else {
-               write_ctx.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
-               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fd,
-                                                  offset,
-                                                  &write_ctx.chunk_tab);
+       /* If the output resource is to be compressed, initialize the chunk
+        * table and set the function to use for chunk compression.  Exceptions:
+        * no compression function is needed if doing a raw copy; also, no chunk
+        * table is needed if doing a *full* (not per-chunk) raw copy.  */
+       write_ctx.compress = NULL;
+       write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
+       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
+               if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW))
+                       write_ctx.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
+               if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_FULL)) {
+                       ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fd,
+                                                          &write_ctx.chunk_tab,
+                                                          resource_flags);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* If writing a pipable resource, write the stream header and update
+        * @res_start_offset to be the end of the stream header.  */
+       if (resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               int reshdr_flags = 0;
+               if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
+                       reshdr_flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+               ret = write_pwm_stream_header(lte, out_fd, reshdr_flags);
                if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+               res_start_offset = out_fd->offset;
        }
 
        /* Write the entire resource by reading the entire resource and feeding
         * the data through the write_resource_cb function. */
        write_ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
+       write_ctx.resource_flags = resource_flags;
 try_write_again:
        ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, read_size,
-                                  write_resource_cb, &write_ctx, flags);
+                                  write_resource_cb, &write_ctx, resource_flags);
        if (ret)
                goto out_free_chunk_tab;
 
@@ -420,49 +479,107 @@ try_write_again:
                        goto out_free_chunk_tab;
        }
 
-       out_res_entry->flags = lte->resource_entry.flags;
-       out_res_entry->original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-       out_res_entry->offset = offset;
-       if (flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW) {
-               /* Doing a raw write:  The new compressed size is the same as
-                * the compressed size in the other WIM. */
-               new_size = lte->resource_entry.size;
-       } else if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
-               /* Using WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE:  The new compressed size
-                * is the original size. */
-               new_size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-               out_res_entry->flags &= ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-       } else {
-               /* Using a different compression type:  Call
-                * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
-                * compressed size. */
-               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab, out_fd,
-                                                   &new_size);
+       /* Write chunk table if needed.  */
+       if (write_ctx.chunk_tab) {
+               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab,
+                                                   out_fd,
+                                                   res_start_offset,
+                                                   resource_flags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-               if (new_size >= wim_resource_size(lte)) {
-                       /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
-                        * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
-                       DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
-                             "writing uncompressed instead",
-                             wim_resource_size(lte), new_size);
-                       ret = seek_and_truncate(out_fd, offset);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-                       write_ctx.compress = NULL;
-                       write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
-                       out_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
-                       goto try_write_again;
-               }
+       }
+
+       /* Fill in out_res_entry with information about the newly written
+        * resource.  */
+       out_res_entry->size          = out_fd->offset - res_start_offset;
+       out_res_entry->flags         = lte->resource_entry.flags;
+       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
+               out_res_entry->flags &= ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+       else
                out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+       out_res_entry->offset        = res_start_offset;
+       out_res_entry->original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+
+       /* Check for resources compressed to greater than their original size
+        * and write them uncompressed instead.  (But never do this if writing
+        * to a pipe, and don't bother if we did a raw copy.)  */
+       if (out_res_entry->size > out_res_entry->original_size &&
+           !(resource_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                               WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)))
+       {
+               DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
+                     "writing uncompressed instead",
+                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size);
+               ret = seek_and_truncate(out_fd, res_start_offset);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+               out_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
+               FREE(write_ctx.chunk_tab);
+               write_ctx.compress = NULL;
+               write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
+               write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
+               goto try_write_again;
+       }
+       if (resource_flags & (WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)) {
+               DEBUG("Copied raw compressed data "
+                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
+                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size,
+                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
+       } else if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
+               DEBUG("Wrote compressed resource "
+                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
+                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size,
+                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
+       } else {
+               DEBUG("Wrote uncompressed resource "
+                     "(%"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
+                     out_res_entry->original_size,
+                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
        }
-       out_res_entry->size = new_size;
        ret = 0;
 out_free_chunk_tab:
        FREE(write_ctx.chunk_tab);
+out:
        return ret;
 }
 
+/* Like write_wim_resource(), but the resource is specified by a buffer of
+ * uncompressed data rather a lookup table entry; also writes the SHA1 hash of
+ * the buffer to @hash_ret.  */
+int
+write_wim_resource_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                              int reshdr_flags, struct filedes *out_fd,
+                              int out_ctype,
+                              struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
+                              u8 *hash_ret, int write_resource_flags)
+{
+       /* Set up a temporary lookup table entry to provide to
+        * write_wim_resource(). */
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte;
+       int ret;
+
+       lte.resource_location            = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
+       lte.attached_buffer              = (void*)buf;
+       lte.resource_entry.original_size = buf_size;
+       lte.resource_entry.flags         = reshdr_flags;
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               sha1_buffer(buf, buf_size, lte.hash);
+               lte.unhashed = 0;
+       } else {
+               lte.unhashed = 1;
+       }
+
+       ret = write_wim_resource(&lte, out_fd, out_ctype, out_res_entry,
+                                write_resource_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       if (hash_ret)
+               copy_hash(hash_ret, lte.hash);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
 
 /* Blocking shared queue (solves the producer-consumer problem) */
@@ -656,7 +773,7 @@ do_write_streams_progress(union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
 }
 
 struct serial_write_stream_ctx {
-       int out_fd;
+       struct filedes *out_fd;
        int out_ctype;
        int write_resource_flags;
 };
@@ -755,7 +872,7 @@ do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
 static int
 do_write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
                            struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                           int out_fd,
+                           struct filedes *out_fd,
                            int out_ctype,
                            int write_resource_flags,
                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
@@ -780,20 +897,23 @@ write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
        int resource_flags = 0;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
        return resource_flags;
 }
 
 static int
 write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
                         struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                        int out_fd,
+                        struct filedes *out_fd,
                         int out_ctype,
                         int write_resource_flags,
                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
                         union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
 {
-       DEBUG("Writing stream list (serial version)");
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list of size %"PRIu64" (serial version)",
+             progress->write_streams.total_streams);
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = 1;
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
@@ -808,24 +928,51 @@ write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
 static int
-write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, int out_fd,
-                struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, struct filedes *out_fd,
+                struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
+                int write_resource_flags)
 {
+       struct iovec *vecs;
+       struct pwm_chunk_hdr *chunk_hdrs;
+       unsigned nvecs;
+       size_t nbytes;
+       int ret;
+
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++)
                chunk_tab_record_chunk(chunk_tab, msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len);
-       if (full_writev(out_fd, msg->out_chunks,
-                       msg->num_chunks) != msg->total_out_bytes)
-       {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunks");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+
+       if (!(write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               nvecs = msg->num_chunks;
+               vecs = msg->out_chunks;
+               nbytes = msg->total_out_bytes;
+       } else {
+               /* Special case:  If writing a compressed resource to a pipable
+                * WIM, prefix each compressed chunk with a header that gives
+                * its compressed size.  */
+               nvecs = msg->num_chunks * 2;
+               vecs = alloca(nvecs * sizeof(vecs[0]));
+               chunk_hdrs = alloca(msg->num_chunks * sizeof(chunk_hdrs[0]));
+
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
+                       chunk_hdrs[i].compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len);
+                       vecs[i * 2].iov_base = &chunk_hdrs[i];
+                       vecs[i * 2].iov_len = sizeof(chunk_hdrs[i]);
+                       vecs[i * 2 + 1].iov_base = msg->out_chunks[i].iov_base;
+                       vecs[i * 2 + 1].iov_len = msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len;
+               }
+               nbytes = msg->total_out_bytes + msg->num_chunks * sizeof(chunk_hdrs[0]);
        }
-       return 0;
+       ret = full_writev(out_fd, vecs, nvecs);
+       if (ret)
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunks");
+       return ret;
 }
 
 struct main_writer_thread_ctx {
        struct list_head *stream_list;
        struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       int out_fd;
+       struct filedes *out_fd;
+       off_t res_start_offset;
        int out_ctype;
        int write_resource_flags;
        struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
@@ -979,21 +1126,35 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
        {
                list_move(&msg->list, &ctx->available_msgs);
                if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
-                       /* This is the first set of chunks.  Leave space
-                        * for the chunk table in the output file. */
-                       off_t cur_offset = filedes_offset(ctx->out_fd);
-                       if (cur_offset == -1)
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                       /* First set of chunks.  */
+
+                       /* Write pipable WIM stream header if needed.  */
+                       if (ctx->write_resource_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+                       {
+                               ret = write_pwm_stream_header(cur_lte, ctx->out_fd,
+                                                             WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       }
+
+                       /* Save current offset.  */
+                       ctx->res_start_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+
+                       /* Begin building the chunk table, and leave space for
+                        * it if needed.  */
                        ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
                                                           ctx->out_fd,
-                                                          cur_offset,
-                                                          &ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+                                                          &ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
+                                                          ctx->write_resource_flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
+
                }
 
                /* Write the compressed chunks from the message. */
-               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fd, ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fd, ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
+                                      ctx->write_resource_flags);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
 
@@ -1003,31 +1164,32 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
                    msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == ctx->cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
                {
                        u64 res_csize;
-                       off_t offset;
 
                        ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
                                                            ctx->out_fd,
-                                                           &res_csize);
+                                                           ctx->res_start_offset,
+                                                           ctx->write_resource_flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
 
                        list_del(&cur_lte->being_compressed_list);
 
-                       /* Grab the offset of this stream in the output file
-                        * from the chunk table before we free it. */
-                       offset = ctx->cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
+                       res_csize = ctx->out_fd->offset - ctx->res_start_offset;
 
                        FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
                        ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
 
-                       if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte)) {
-                               /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to
-                                * larger than the original size.  Write
-                                * the resource uncompressed instead. */
+                       /* Check for resources compressed to greater than or
+                        * equal to their original size and write them
+                        * uncompressed instead.  (But never do this if writing
+                        * to a pipe.)  */
+                       if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte) &&
+                           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+                       {
                                DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
                                      "writing uncompressed instead",
                                      wim_resource_size(cur_lte), res_csize);
-                               ret = seek_and_truncate(ctx->out_fd, offset);
+                               ret = seek_and_truncate(ctx->out_fd, ctx->res_start_offset);
                                if (ret)
                                        return ret;
                                ret = write_wim_resource(cur_lte,
@@ -1045,11 +1207,18 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
                                        cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
 
                                cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
-                                       offset;
+                                       ctx->res_start_offset;
 
                                cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
                                        cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
                                                WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+                               DEBUG("Wrote compressed resource "
+                                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
+                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size,
+                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size,
+                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset,
+                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags);
                        }
 
                        do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress,
@@ -1190,11 +1359,10 @@ submit_stream_for_compression(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        list_add_tail(&lte->being_compressed_list, &ctx->outstanding_streams);
        ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
                                   main_writer_thread_cb, ctx, 0);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk == ctx->next_num_chunks);
-               ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, lte);
-       }
-       return ret;
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk == ctx->next_num_chunks);
+       return finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, lte);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1206,7 +1374,7 @@ main_thread_process_next_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
        if (wim_resource_size(lte) < 1000 ||
            ctx->out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
            (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-            !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
+            !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
             lte->wim->compression_type == ctx->out_ctype))
        {
                /* Stream is too small or isn't being compressed.  Process it by
@@ -1262,7 +1430,7 @@ get_default_num_threads(void)
 static int
 write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                          int out_fd,
+                          struct filedes *out_fd,
                           int out_ctype,
                           int write_resource_flags,
                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
@@ -1286,8 +1454,9 @@ write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
                }
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Writing stream list (parallel version, num_threads=%u)",
-             num_threads);
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list of size %"PRIu64" "
+             "(parallel version, num_threads=%u)",
+             progress->write_streams.total_streams, num_threads);
 
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = num_threads;
 
@@ -1400,7 +1569,7 @@ out_serial_quiet:
 static int
 write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                  struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                 int out_fd, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
+                 struct filedes *out_fd, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
                  unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
@@ -1416,6 +1585,8 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
 
        write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
+       DEBUG("write_resource_flags=0x%08x", write_resource_flags);
+
        /* Calculate the total size of the streams to be written.  Note: this
         * will be the uncompressed size, as we may not know the compressed size
         * yet, and also this will assume that every unhashed stream will be
@@ -1425,7 +1596,7 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
                       && (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) != out_ctype ||
-                          (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
+                          (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
                {
                        total_compression_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                }
@@ -1457,6 +1628,10 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                                               write_resource_flags,
                                               progress_func,
                                               &progress);
+       if (ret == 0)
+               DEBUG("Successfully wrote stream list.");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Failed to write stream list.");
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1491,7 +1666,7 @@ stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *same_size_lte;
        struct hlist_node *tmp;
 
-       pos = hash_u64(wim_resource_size(lte)) % tab->capacity;
+       pos = hash_u64(wim_resource_size(lte)) % tab->capacity;
        lte->unique_size = 1;
        hlist_for_each_entry(same_size_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
                if (wim_resource_size(same_size_lte) == wim_resource_size(lte)) {
@@ -1592,7 +1767,7 @@ prepare_streams_for_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
                struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
                struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-               imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
+               imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
                image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
                        lte_overwrite_prepare(lte, &args);
        }
@@ -1647,7 +1822,7 @@ image_find_streams_to_write(WIMStruct *wim)
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
        ctx = wim->private;
-       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(wim);
+       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(wim);
 
        image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
                lte->out_refcnt = 0;
@@ -1681,6 +1856,8 @@ prepare_stream_list(WIMStruct *wim, int image, struct list_head *stream_list)
        int ret;
        struct find_streams_ctx ctx;
 
+       DEBUG("Preparing list of streams to write for image %d.", image);
+
        for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
        ret = init_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab,
                                     wim->lookup_table->capacity);
@@ -1692,158 +1869,243 @@ prepare_stream_list(WIMStruct *wim, int image, struct list_head *stream_list)
        wim->private = &ctx;
        ret = for_image(wim, image, image_find_streams_to_write);
        destroy_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab);
-       if (ret == 0)
-               list_transfer(&ctx.stream_list, stream_list);
-       return ret;
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       list_transfer(&ctx.stream_list, stream_list);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* Writes the streams for the specified @image in @wim to @wim->out_fd.
- */
+ * Alternatively, if @stream_list_override is specified, it is taken to be the
+ * list of streams to write (connected with 'write_streams_list') and @image is
+ * ignored.  */
 static int
 write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
                  unsigned num_threads,
-                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct list_head _stream_list;
+       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       ret = prepare_stream_list(wim, image, &stream_list);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       return write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+       if (stream_list_override) {
+               stream_list = stream_list_override;
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+                       if (lte->refcnt)
+                               lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
+                       else
+                               lte->out_refcnt = 1;
+               }
+       } else {
+               stream_list = &_stream_list;
+               ret = prepare_stream_list(wim, image, stream_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
+               lte->part_number = wim->hdr.part_number;
+       return write_stream_list(stream_list,
                                 wim->lookup_table,
-                                wim->out_fd,
+                                &wim->out_fd,
                                 wim->compression_type,
                                 write_flags,
                                 num_threads,
                                 progress_func);
 }
 
+static int
+write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       int start_image;
+       int end_image;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)
+               return 0;
+
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
+
+       DEBUG("Writing metadata resources (offset=%"PRIu64")",
+             wim->out_fd.offset);
+
+       if (progress_func)
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_BEGIN, NULL);
+
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+               start_image = 1;
+               end_image = wim->hdr.image_count;
+       } else {
+               start_image = image;
+               end_image = image;
+       }
+
+       for (int i = start_image; i <= end_image; i++) {
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+
+               imd = wim->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               if (imd->modified) {
+                       ret = write_metadata_resource(wim, i,
+                                                     write_resource_flags);
+               } else {
+                       ret = write_wim_resource(imd->metadata_lte,
+                                                &wim->out_fd,
+                                                wim->compression_type,
+                                                &imd->metadata_lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                                write_resource_flags);
+               }
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       if (progress_func)
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_END, NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Finish writing a WIM file: write the lookup table, xml data, and integrity
- * table (optional), then overwrite the WIM header.
+ * table, then overwrite the WIM header.  Always closes the WIM file descriptor
+ * (wim->out_fd).
  *
  * write_flags is a bitwise OR of the following:
  *
- *     (public)  WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY:
- *             Include an integrity table.
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY:
+ *             Include an integrity table.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE:
- *             Don't write the lookup table.
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC:
+ *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE:
- *             When (if) writing the integrity table, re-use entries from the
- *             existing integrity table, if possible.
+ *     (public)  WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
+ *             Writing a pipable WIM, possibly to a pipe; include pipable WIM
+ *             stream headers before the lookup table and XML data, and also
+ *             write the WIM header at the end instead of seeking to the
+ *             beginning.  Can't be combined with
+ *             WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML:
- *             After writing the XML data but before writing the integrity
- *             table, write a temporary WIM header and flush the stream so that
- *             the WIM is less likely to become corrupted upon abrupt program
- *             termination.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE:
+ *             Don't write the lookup table.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC:
- *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE:
+ *             When (if) writing the integrity table, re-use entries from the
+ *             existing integrity table, if possible.
  *
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML:
+ *             After writing the XML data but before writing the integrity
+ *             table, write a temporary WIM header and flush the stream so that
+ *             the WIM is less likely to become corrupted upon abrupt program
+ *             termination.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END:
+ *             Instead of overwriting the WIM header at the beginning of the
+ *             file, simply append it to the end of the file.  (Used when
+ *             writing to pipe.)
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES:
+ *             Use the existing <TOTALBYTES> stored in the in-memory XML
+ *             information, rather than setting it to the offset of the XML
+ *             data being written.
  */
-int
+static int
 finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
-            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+            struct list_head *stream_list_override)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct wim_header hdr;
-
-       /* @hdr will be the header for the new WIM.  First copy all the data
-        * from the header in the WIMStruct; then set all the fields that may
-        * have changed, including the resource entries, boot index, and image
-        * count.  */
-       memcpy(&hdr, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+       off_t hdr_offset;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+       off_t old_lookup_table_end;
+       off_t new_lookup_table_end;
+       u64 xml_totalbytes;
 
-       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes */
-       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               hdr.image_count = 1;
-               if (hdr.boot_idx == image)
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 1;
-               else
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 0;
-       }
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
        /* In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
         * metadata resource labeled as the "boot metadata".  This entry should
         * be zeroed out if there is no bootable image (boot_idx 0).  Otherwise,
         * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
         * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...  */
-       if (hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
-               zero_resource_entry(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
+       if (wim->hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
+               zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
        } else {
-               copy_resource_entry(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
-                           &wim->image_metadata[ hdr.boot_idx- 1
+               copy_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
+                           &wim->image_metadata[wim->hdr.boot_idx- 1
                                        ]->metadata_lte->output_resource_entry);
        }
 
+       /* Write lookup table.  (Save old position first.)  */
+       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
+                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
        if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
-               ret = write_lookup_table(wim, image, &hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
+               ret = write_wim_lookup_table(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                            &wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry,
+                                            stream_list_override);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_close_wim;
        }
 
-       ret = write_xml_data(wim->wim_info, image, wim->out_fd,
-                            (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE) ?
-                             wim_info_get_total_bytes(wim->wim_info) : 0,
-                            &hdr.xml_res_entry);
+       /* Write XML data.  */
+       xml_totalbytes = wim->out_fd.offset;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
+               xml_totalbytes = WIM_TOTALBYTES_USE_EXISTING;
+       ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, xml_totalbytes,
+                                &wim->hdr.xml_res_entry,
+                                write_resource_flags);
        if (ret)
                goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
                if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML) {
                        struct wim_header checkpoint_hdr;
-                       memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+                       memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
                        zero_resource_entry(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity);
                        checkpoint_hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
-                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, wim->out_fd);
+                       ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&checkpoint_hdr,
+                                                        &wim->out_fd, 0);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_close_wim;
                }
 
-               off_t old_lookup_table_end;
-               off_t new_lookup_table_end;
-               if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE) {
-                       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
-               } else {
+               if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE))
                        old_lookup_table_end = 0;
-               }
-               new_lookup_table_end = hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                                      hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
 
-               ret = write_integrity_table(wim->out_fd,
-                                           &hdr.integrity,
+               new_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
+                                      wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+
+               ret = write_integrity_table(wim,
                                            new_lookup_table_end,
                                            old_lookup_table_end,
                                            progress_func);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_close_wim;
        } else {
-               zero_resource_entry(&hdr.integrity);
+               zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.integrity);
        }
 
-       hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
-       ret = write_header(&hdr, wim->out_fd);
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       hdr_offset = 0;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END)
+               hdr_offset = wim->out_fd.offset;
+       ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&wim->hdr, &wim->out_fd, hdr_offset);
        if (ret)
                goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC) {
-               if (fsync(wim->out_fd)) {
+               if (fsync(wim->out_fd.fd)) {
                        ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error syncing data to WIM file");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                       goto out_close_wim;
                }
        }
+
+       ret = 0;
 out_close_wim:
-       if (close(wim->out_fd)) {
+       if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd)) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the output WIM file");
                if (ret == 0)
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       wim->out_fd = -1;
+       filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1876,102 +2138,415 @@ lock_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int fd)
 static int
 open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
 {
-       wim->out_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
-       if (wim->out_fd == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open `%"TS"' for writing", path);
+       int raw_fd;
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%"TS"\" for writing.", path);
+
+       raw_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
+       if (raw_fd < 0) { 
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open \"%"TS"\" for writing", path);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
        }
+       filedes_init(&wim->out_fd, raw_fd);
        return 0;
 }
 
 
-void
+static void
 close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
 {
-       if (wim->out_fd != -1) {
-               if (close(wim->out_fd))
+       if (filedes_valid(&wim->out_fd)) {
+               if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd))
                        WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close output WIM");
-               wim->out_fd = -1;
+               filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
        }
 }
 
-/* Open file stream and write dummy header for WIM. */
-int
-begin_write(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, int write_flags)
+/*
+ * Perform the intermediate stages of creating a "pipable" WIM (i.e. a WIM
+ * capable of being applied from a pipe).  Such a WIM looks like:
+ *
+ * Pipable WIMs are a wimlib-specific modification of the WIM format such that
+ * images can be applied from them sequentially when the file data is sent over
+ * a pipe.  In addition, a pipable WIM can be written sequentially to a pipe.
+ * The modifications made to the WIM format for pipable WIMs are:
+ *
+ * - Magic characters in header are "WLPWM\0\0\0" (wimlib pipable WIM) instead
+ *   of "MSWIM\0\0\0".  This lets wimlib know that the WIM is pipable and also
+ *   should stop other software from trying to read the file as a normal WIM.
+ *
+ * - The header at the beginning of the file does not contain all the normal
+ *   information; in particular it will have all 0's for the lookup table and
+ *   XML data resource entries.  This is because this information cannot be
+ *   determined until the lookup table and XML data have been written.
+ *   Consequently, wimlib will write the full header at the very end of the
+ *   file.  The header at the end, however, is only used when reading the WIM
+ *   from a seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * - An extra copy of the XML data is placed directly after the header.  This
+ *   allows image names and sizes to be determined at an appropriate time when
+ *   reading the WIM from a pipe.  This copy of the XML data is ignored if the
+ *   WIM is read from a seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * - The format of resources, or streams, has been modified to allow them to be
+ *   used before the "lookup table" has been read.  Each stream is prefixed with
+ *   a `struct pwm_stream_hdr' that is basically an abbreviated form of `struct
+ *   wim_lookup_table_entry_disk' that only contains the SHA1 message digest,
+ *   uncompressed stream size, and flags that indicate whether the stream is
+ *   compressed.  The data of uncompressed streams then follows literally, while
+ *   the data of compressed streams follows in a modified format.  Compressed
+ *   streams have no chunk table, since the chunk table cannot be written until
+ *   all chunks have been compressed; instead, each compressed chunk is prefixed
+ *   by a `struct pwm_chunk_hdr' that gives its size.  However, the offsets are
+ *   given in the chunk table as if these chunk headers were not present.
+ *
+ * - Metadata resources always come before other file resources (streams).
+ *   (This does not by itself constitute an incompatibility with normal WIMs,
+ *   since this is valid in normal WIMs.)
+ *
+ * - At least up to the end of the file resources, all components must be packed
+ *   as tightly as possible; there cannot be any "holes" in the WIM.  (This does
+ *   not by itself consititute an incompatibility with normal WIMs, since this
+ *   is valid in normal WIMs.)
+ *
+ * Note: the lookup table, XML data, and header at the end are not used when
+ * applying from a pipe.  They exist to support functionality such as image
+ * application and export when the WIM is *not* read from a pipe.
+ *
+ *   Layout of pipable WIM:
+ *
+ * ----------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+------------+--------+
+ * | Header  | XML data | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data   | Header |
+ * ----------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+------------+--------+
+ *
+ *   Layout of normal WIM:
+ *
+ * +---------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+
+ * | Header  | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data |
+ * +---------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+
+ *
+ * Do note that since pipable WIMs are not supported by Microsoft's software,
+ * wimlib does not create them unless explicitly requested (with
+ * WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE) and as stated above they use different magic
+ * characters to identify the file.
+ */
+static int
+write_pipable_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                 unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override)
 {
        int ret;
-       int open_flags = O_TRUNC | O_CREAT;
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
-               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
-       else
-               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
-       ret = open_wim_writable(wim, path, open_flags);
+       struct resource_entry xml_res_entry;
+
+       WARNING("Creating a pipable WIM, which will "
+               "be incompatible\n"
+               "          with Microsoft's software (wimgapi/imagex/Dism).");
+
+       /* At this point, the header at the beginning of the file has already
+        * been written.  */
+
+       /* For efficiency, when wimlib adds an image to the WIM with
+        * wimlib_add_image(), the SHA1 message digests of files is not
+        * calculated; instead, they are calculated while the files are being
+        * written.  However, this does not work when writing a pipable WIM,
+        * since when writing a stream to a pipable WIM, its SHA1 message digest
+        * needs to be known before the stream data is written.  Therefore,
+        * before getting much farther, we need to pre-calculate the SHA1
+        * message digests of all streams that will be written.  */
+       ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       /* Write dummy header. It will be overwritten later. */
-       wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
-       ret = write_header(&wim->hdr, wim->out_fd);
-       wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+
+       /* Write extra copy of the XML data.  */
+       ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, WIM_TOTALBYTES_OMIT,
+                                &xml_res_entry,
+                                WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       if (lseek(wim->out_fd, WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of WIM header");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       return 0;
+
+       /* Write metadata resources for the image(s) being included in the
+        * output WIM.  */
+       ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                          progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Write streams needed for the image(s) being included in the output
+        * WIM, or streams needed for the split WIM part.  */
+       return write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                progress_func, stream_list_override);
+
+       /* The lookup table, XML data, and header at end are handled by
+        * finish_write().  */
 }
 
-/* Writes a stand-alone WIM to a file.  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_write(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path,
-            int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
-            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/* Write a standalone WIM or split WIM (SWM) part to a new file or to a file
+ * descriptor.  */
+int
+write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
+              const void *path_or_fd,
+              int image,
+              int write_flags,
+              unsigned num_threads,
+              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+              unsigned part_number,
+              unsigned total_parts,
+              struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+              const u8 *guid)
 {
        int ret;
+       struct wim_header hdr_save;
+       struct list_head lt_stream_list_override;
 
-       if (!path)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       if (total_parts == 1)
+               DEBUG("Writing standalone WIM.");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Writing split WIM part %u/%u", part_number, total_parts);
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
+               DEBUG("Including all images.");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Including image %d only.", image);
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               DEBUG("File descriptor: %d", *(const int*)path_or_fd);
+       else
+               DEBUG("Path: \"%"TS"\"", (const tchar*)path_or_fd);
+       DEBUG("Write flags: 0x%08x", write_flags);
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               DEBUG("\tCHECK_INTEGRITY");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD)
+               DEBUG("\tREBUILD");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               DEBUG("\tRECOMPRESS");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC)
+               DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE)
+               DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_FLAG)
+               DEBUG("\tIGNORE_READONLY_FLAG");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               DEBUG("\tPIPABLE");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               DEBUG("\tFILE_DESCRIPTOR");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)
+               DEBUG("\tNO_METADATA");
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
+               DEBUG("\tUSE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES");
+       if (num_threads == 0)
+               DEBUG("Number of threads: autodetect");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Number of threads: %u", num_threads);
+       DEBUG("Progress function: %s", (progress_func ? "yes" : "no"));
+       DEBUG("Stream list:       %s", (stream_list_override ? "specified" : "autodetect"));
+       DEBUG("GUID:              %s", (guid ? "specified" : "generate new"));
 
-       write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       /* Internally, this is always called with a valid part number and total
+        * parts.  */
+       wimlib_assert(total_parts >= 1);
+       wimlib_assert(part_number >= 1 && part_number <= total_parts);
 
+       /* A valid image (or all images) must be specified.  */
        if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES &&
             (image < 1 || image > wim->hdr.image_count))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
 
-       if (wim->hdr.total_parts != 1) {
-               ERROR("Cannot call wimlib_write() on part of a split WIM");
+       /* @wim must specify a standalone WIM.  */
+       if (wim->hdr.total_parts != 1)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_SPLIT_UNSUPPORTED;
+
+       /* Check for contradictory flags.  */
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* Save previous header, then start initializing the new one.  */
+       memcpy(&hdr_save, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+
+       /* Set default integrity and pipable flags.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE)))
+               if (wim_is_pipable(wim))
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
+
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
+               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim))
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
+
+       /* Set appropriate magic number.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               wim->hdr.magic = PWM_MAGIC;
+       else
+               wim->hdr.magic = WIM_MAGIC;
+
+       /* Clear header flags that will be set automatically.  */
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~(WIM_HDR_FLAG_METADATA_ONLY          |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_RESOURCE_ONLY          |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_SPANNED                |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS);
+
+       /* Set SPANNED header flag if writing part of a split WIM.  */
+       if (total_parts != 1)
+               wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_SPANNED;
+
+       /* Set part number and total parts of split WIM.  This will be 1 and 1
+        * if the WIM is standalone.  */
+       wim->hdr.part_number = part_number;
+       wim->hdr.total_parts = total_parts;
+
+       /* Use GUID if specified; otherwise generate a new one.  */
+       if (guid)
+               memcpy(wim->hdr.guid, guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
+       else
+               randomize_byte_array(wim->hdr.guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
+
+       /* Clear references to resources that have not been written yet.  */
+       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
+       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.xml_res_entry);
+       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
+       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.integrity);
+
+       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes.  */
+       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+               wim->hdr.image_count = 1;
+               if (wim->hdr.boot_idx == image)
+                       wim->hdr.boot_idx = 1;
+               else
+                       wim->hdr.boot_idx = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Split WIMs can't be bootable.  */
+       if (total_parts != 1)
+               wim->hdr.boot_idx = 0;
+
+       /* Initialize output file descriptor.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR) {
+               /* File descriptor was explicitly provided.  Return error if
+                * file descriptor is not seekable, unless writing a pipable WIM
+                * was requested.  */
+               wim->out_fd.fd = *(const int*)path_or_fd;
+               wim->out_fd.offset = 0;
+               if (!filedes_is_seekable(&wim->out_fd)) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+                       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+                               goto out_restore_hdr;
+                       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
+                               ERROR("Can't include integrity check when "
+                                     "writing pipable WIM to pipe!");
+                               goto out_restore_hdr;
+                       }
+               }
+
+       } else {
+               /* Filename of WIM to write was provided; open file descriptor
+                * to it.  */
+               ret = open_wim_writable(wim, (const tchar*)path_or_fd,
+                                       O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_RDWR);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
        }
 
-       ret = begin_write(wim, path, write_flags);
+       /* Write initial header.  This is merely a "dummy" header since it
+        * doesn't have all the information yet, so it will be overwritten later
+        * (unless writing a pipable WIM).  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       ret = write_wim_header(&wim->hdr, &wim->out_fd);
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
        if (ret)
-               goto out_close_wim;
+               goto out_restore_hdr;
 
-       ret = write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
-                               progress_func);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_close_wim;
+       if (stream_list_override) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lt_stream_list_override);
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list_override,
+                                   write_streams_list)
+               {
+                       list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list,
+                                     &lt_stream_list_override);
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_BEGIN, NULL);
+       /* Write metadata resources and streams.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               /* Default case: create a normal (non-pipable) WIM.  */
+               ret = write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
 
-       ret = for_image(wim, image, write_metadata_resource);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_close_wim;
+               ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                                  progress_func);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+       } else {
+               /* Non-default case: create pipable WIM.  */
+               ret = write_pipable_wim(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+               write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END;
+       }
 
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_END, NULL);
+       if (stream_list_override)
+               stream_list_override = &lt_stream_list_override;
 
-       ret = finish_write(wim, image, write_flags, progress_func);
-       /* finish_write() closed the WIM for us */
-       goto out;
-out_close_wim:
+       /* Write lookup table, XML data, and (optional) integrity table.  */
+       ret = finish_write(wim, image, write_flags, progress_func,
+                          stream_list_override);
+out_restore_hdr:
+       memcpy(&wim->hdr, &hdr_save, sizeof(struct wim_header));
        close_wim_writable(wim);
-out:
-       DEBUG("wimlib_write(path=%"TS") = %d", path, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
+/* Write a standalone WIM to a file or file descriptor.  */
+static int
+write_standalone_wim(WIMStruct *wim, const void *path_or_fd,
+                    int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       return write_wim_part(wim, path_or_fd, image, write_flags,
+                             num_threads, progress_func, 1, 1, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_write(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path,
+            int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       if (!path)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
+
+       return write_standalone_wim(wim, path, image, write_flags,
+                                   num_threads, progress_func);
+}
+
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_write_to_fd(WIMStruct *wim, int fd,
+                  int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       if (fd < 0)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR;
+
+       return write_standalone_wim(wim, &fd, image, write_flags,
+                                   num_threads, progress_func);
+}
+
 static bool
 any_images_modified(WIMStruct *wim)
 {
@@ -2047,10 +2622,16 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        struct list_head stream_list;
        off_t old_wim_end;
        u64 old_lookup_table_end, old_xml_begin, old_xml_end;
-       int open_flags;
+
 
        DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", wim->filename);
 
+       /* Set default integrity flag.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
+               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim))
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
+
        /* Make sure that the integrity table (if present) is after the XML
         * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
         * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
@@ -2098,31 +2679,26 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       open_flags = 0;
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
-               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
-       else
-               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
-       ret = open_wim_writable(wim, wim->filename, open_flags);
+       ret = open_wim_writable(wim, wim->filename, O_RDWR);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       ret = lock_wim(wim, wim->out_fd);
+       ret = lock_wim(wim, wim->out_fd.fd);
        if (ret) {
                close_wim_writable(wim);
                return ret;
        }
 
        /* Set WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS flag in header. */
-       ret = write_header_flags(wim->hdr.flags | WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS,
-                                wim->out_fd);
+       ret = write_wim_header_flags(wim->hdr.flags | WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS,
+                                    &wim->out_fd);
        if (ret) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error updating WIM header flags");
                close_wim_writable(wim);
                goto out_unlock_wim;
        }
 
-       if (lseek(wim->out_fd, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+       if (filedes_seek(&wim->out_fd, old_wim_end) == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't seek to end of WIM");
                close_wim_writable(wim);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
@@ -2133,7 +2709,7 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
              old_wim_end);
        ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list,
                                wim->lookup_table,
-                               wim->out_fd,
+                               &wim->out_fd,
                                wim->compression_type,
                                write_flags,
                                num_threads,
@@ -2141,17 +2717,16 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        if (ret)
                goto out_truncate;
 
-       for (int i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               if (wim->image_metadata[i]->modified) {
-                       select_wim_image(wim, i + 1);
-                       ret = write_metadata_resource(wim);
+       for (unsigned i = 1; i <= wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               if (wim->image_metadata[i - 1]->modified) {
+                       ret = write_metadata_resource(wim, i, 0);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_truncate;
                }
        }
        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE;
        ret = finish_write(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
-                          progress_func);
+                          progress_func, NULL);
 out_truncate:
        close_wim_writable(wim);
        if (ret != 0 && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
@@ -2187,10 +2762,8 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        ret = wimlib_write(wim, tmpfile, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
                           write_flags | WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC,
                           num_threads, progress_func);
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR("Failed to write the WIM file `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
+       if (ret)
                goto out_unlink;
-       }
 
        close_wim(wim);
 
@@ -2209,18 +2782,15 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                progress.rename.to = wim->filename;
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_RENAME, &progress);
        }
-       goto out;
+       return 0;
+
 out_unlink:
        /* Remove temporary file. */
-       if (tunlink(tmpfile) != 0)
-               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to remove `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
-out:
+       tunlink(tmpfile);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes a WIM file to the original file that it was read from, overwriting it.
- */
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
 wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                 unsigned num_threads,
@@ -2231,6 +2801,9 @@ wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
 
        write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
 
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
        if (!wim->filename)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NO_FILENAME;
 
@@ -2243,15 +2816,15 @@ wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                return ret;
 
        if ((!wim->deletion_occurred || (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE))
-           && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD))
+           && !(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD |
+                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+           && !(wim_is_pipable(wim)))
        {
-               int ret;
                ret = overwrite_wim_inplace(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                                            progress_func);
-               if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER)
-                       WARNING("Falling back to re-building entire WIM");
-               else
+               if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER)
                        return ret;
+               WARNING("Falling back to re-building entire WIM");
        }
        return overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                                         progress_func);