]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/write.c
Add Windows implementations of pread(), pwrite(), writev()
[wimlib] / src / write.c
index 03b6c1eb910e0f2ff215b0bc0e2479fab746813a..1dd35e52c047f14316ac223ee529ce39ba3def3c 100644 (file)
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
@@ -65,8 +66,8 @@
 
 #include <limits.h>
 
-#if defined(__WIN32__) && !defined(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-#  define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ((HANDLE)(-1))
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+#  include <sys/uio.h> /* for `struct iovec' */
 #endif
 
 /* Chunk table that's located at the beginning of each compressed resource in
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ struct chunk_table {
  */
 static int
 begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            FILE *out_fp,
+                            int out_fd,
                             off_t file_offset,
                             struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret)
 {
@@ -97,13 +98,13 @@ begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        u64 num_chunks = (size + WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
        size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
-       int ret;
+
+       DEBUG("Begin chunk table for stream with size %"PRIu64, size);
 
        if (!chunk_tab) {
                ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
                      "resource", size);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
        chunk_tab->file_offset = file_offset;
        chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
@@ -114,19 +115,16 @@ begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        chunk_tab->cur_offset = 0;
        chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
 
-       if (fwrite(chunk_tab, 1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp) !=
-                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
+       if (full_write(out_fd, chunk_tab,
+                      chunk_tab->table_disk_size) != chunk_tab->table_disk_size)
+       {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
                                 "file resource");
                FREE(chunk_tab);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-
-       ret = 0;
        *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
-out:
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ out:
 typedef unsigned (*compress_func_t)(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
                                    void *out);
 
-compress_func_t
+static compress_func_t
 get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
 {
        if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX)
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
  *
  * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
  * @chunk_size:          Size of the chunk (<= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE)
- * @out_fp:      FILE * to write the chunk to.
+ * @out_fd:      File descriptor to write the chunk to.
  * @compress:     Compression function to use (NULL if writing uncompressed
  *                     data).
  * @chunk_tab:   Pointer to chunk table being created.  It is updated with the
@@ -178,16 +176,18 @@ get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
 static int
-write_wim_resource_chunk(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
-                        FILE *out_fp, compress_func_t compress,
-                        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+write_wim_resource_chunk(const void * restrict chunk,
+                        unsigned chunk_size,
+                        filedes_t out_fd,
+                        compress_func_t compress,
+                        struct chunk_table * restrict chunk_tab)
 {
-       const u8 *out_chunk;
+       const void *out_chunk;
        unsigned out_chunk_size;
        if (compress) {
-               u8 *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
+               void *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
 
-               out_chunk_size = compress(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk);
+               out_chunk_size = (*compress)(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk);
                if (out_chunk_size) {
                        /* Write compressed */
                        out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ write_wim_resource_chunk(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
                out_chunk = chunk;
                out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
        }
-       if (fwrite(out_chunk, 1, out_chunk_size, out_fp) != out_chunk_size) {
+       if (full_write(out_fd, out_chunk, out_chunk_size) != out_chunk_size) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
@@ -219,14 +219,9 @@ write_wim_resource_chunk(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
  */
 static int
 finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             FILE *out_fp, u64 *compressed_size_p)
+                             filedes_t out_fd, u64 *compressed_size_p)
 {
        size_t bytes_written;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, chunk_tab->file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of output "
-                                "WIM file", chunk_tab->file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
 
        if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 8) {
                array_cpu_to_le64(chunk_tab->offsets, chunk_tab->num_chunks);
@@ -235,24 +230,35 @@ finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
                        ((u32*)chunk_tab->offsets)[i] =
                                cpu_to_le32(chunk_tab->offsets[i]);
        }
-       bytes_written = fwrite((u8*)chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                              1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp);
+       bytes_written = full_pwrite(out_fd,
+                                   (u8*)chunk_tab->offsets + chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
+                                   chunk_tab->table_disk_size,
+                                   chunk_tab->file_offset);
        if (bytes_written != chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
                                 "file resource");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
        *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
        return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX *sha_ctx, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+seek_and_truncate(filedes_t out_fd, off_t offset)
+{
+       if (lseek(out_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1 ||
+           ftruncate(out_fd, offset))
+       {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       } else {
+               return 0;
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX * restrict sha_ctx,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry * restrict lte)
 {
        u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
        sha1_final(md, sha_ctx);
@@ -274,31 +280,22 @@ finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX *sha_ctx, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 struct write_resource_ctx {
        compress_func_t compress;
        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
-       FILE *out_fp;
+       filedes_t out_fd;
        SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
        bool doing_sha;
 };
 
 static int
-write_resource_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
+write_resource_cb(const void *restrict chunk, size_t chunk_size,
+                 void *restrict _ctx)
 {
        struct write_resource_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
 
        if (ctx->doing_sha)
                sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
-
-       if (ctx->compress) {
-               return write_wim_resource_chunk(chunk, chunk_size,
-                                               ctx->out_fp, ctx->compress,
-                                               ctx->chunk_tab);
-       } else {
-               if (fwrite(chunk, 1, chunk_size, ctx->out_fp) != chunk_size) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to output WIM");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               } else {
-                       return 0;
-               }
-       }
+       return write_wim_resource_chunk(chunk, chunk_size,
+                                       ctx->out_fd, ctx->compress,
+                                       ctx->chunk_tab);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -307,7 +304,7 @@ write_resource_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
  * @lte:  Lookup table entry for the resource, which could be in another WIM,
  *        in an external file, or in another location.
  *
- * @out_fp:  FILE * opened to the output WIM.
+ * @out_fd:  File descriptor opened to the output WIM.
  *
  * @out_ctype:  One of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants to indicate
  *              which compression algorithm to use.
@@ -327,7 +324,7 @@ write_resource_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
  */
 int
 write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                  FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
+                  filedes_t out_fd, int out_ctype,
                   struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
                   int flags)
 {
@@ -339,14 +336,8 @@ write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
 
        flags &= ~WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
 
-       if (wim_resource_size(lte) == 0) {
-               /* Empty resource; nothing needs to be done, so just return
-                * success. */
-               return 0;
-       }
-
        /* Get current position in output WIM */
-       offset = ftello(out_fp);
+       offset = filedes_offset(out_fd);
        if (offset == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't get position in output WIM");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
@@ -379,7 +370,7 @@ write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
        } else {
                write_ctx.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
-               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fp,
+               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fd,
                                                   offset,
                                                   &write_ctx.chunk_tab);
                if (ret)
@@ -388,7 +379,7 @@ write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
 
        /* Write the entire resource by reading the entire resource and feeding
         * the data through the write_resource_cb function. */
-       write_ctx.out_fp = out_fp;
+       write_ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
 try_write_again:
        ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, read_size,
                                   write_resource_cb, &write_ctx, flags);
@@ -419,26 +410,19 @@ try_write_again:
                /* Using a different compression type:  Call
                 * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
                 * compressed size. */
-               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab, out_fp,
+               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab, out_fd,
                                                    &new_size);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_chunk_tab;
                if (new_size >= wim_resource_size(lte)) {
                        /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
                         * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
-                       if (fseeko(out_fp, offset, SEEK_SET) ||
-                           fflush(out_fp) ||
-                           ftruncate(fileno(out_fp),
-                                     offset + wim_resource_size(lte)))
-                       {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to flush and/or truncate "
-                                                "output WIM file");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-                       }
                        DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
                              "writing uncompressed instead",
                              wim_resource_size(lte), new_size);
+                       ret = seek_and_truncate(out_fd, offset);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
                        write_ctx.compress = NULL;
                        write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
                        out_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
@@ -473,15 +457,30 @@ shared_queue_init(struct shared_queue *q, unsigned size)
        wimlib_assert(size != 0);
        q->array = CALLOC(sizeof(q->array[0]), size);
        if (!q->array)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               goto err;
        q->filled_slots = 0;
        q->front = 0;
        q->back = size - 1;
        q->size = size;
-       pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL);
+       if (pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize mutex");
+               goto err;
+       }
+       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
+               goto err_destroy_lock;
+       }
+       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
+               goto err_destroy_msg_avail_cond;
+       }
        return 0;
+err_destroy_msg_avail_cond:
+       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->msg_avail_cond);
+err_destroy_lock:
+       pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
+err:
+       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -538,10 +537,10 @@ struct compressor_thread_params {
 struct message {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        u8 *uncompressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       u8 *out_compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
        u8 *compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
        unsigned uncompressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned compressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
+       struct iovec out_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
+       size_t total_out_bytes;
        unsigned num_chunks;
        struct list_head list;
        bool complete;
@@ -551,21 +550,25 @@ struct message {
 static void
 compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
 {
+       msg->total_out_bytes = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               DEBUG2("compress chunk %u of %u", i, msg->num_chunks);
                unsigned len = compress(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
                                        msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i],
                                        msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
+               void *out_chunk;
+               unsigned out_len;
                if (len) {
                        /* To be written compressed */
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
-                       msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i] = len;
+                       out_chunk = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
+                       out_len = len;
                } else {
                        /* To be written uncompressed */
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
-                       msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
-
+                       out_chunk = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
+                       out_len = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
                }
+               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_base = out_chunk;
+               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len = out_len;
+               msg->total_out_bytes += out_len;
        }
 }
 
@@ -616,12 +619,30 @@ do_write_streams_progress(union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
        }
 }
 
+struct serial_write_stream_ctx {
+       filedes_t out_fd;
+       int out_ctype;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+};
+
+static int
+serial_write_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct serial_write_stream_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       return write_wim_resource(lte, ctx->out_fd,
+                                 ctx->out_ctype, &lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                 ctx->write_resource_flags);
+}
+
+/* Write a list of streams, taking into account that some streams may be
+ * duplicates that are checksummed and discarded on the fly, and also delegating
+ * the actual writing of a stream to a function @write_stream_cb, which is
+ * passed the context @write_stream_ctx. */
 static int
 do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                     struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                    FILE *out_fp,
-                    int out_ctype,
-                    int write_resource_flags,
+                    int (*write_stream_cb)(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *, void *),
+                    void *write_stream_ctx,
                     wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
                     union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
 {
@@ -641,9 +662,7 @@ do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *tmp;
                        u32 orig_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
 
-                       ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte,
-                                                  lookup_table,
-                                                  &tmp);
+                       ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, lookup_table, &tmp);
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                        if (tmp != lte) {
@@ -655,6 +674,7 @@ do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                                         * just skip to the next stream. */
                                        DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of length %"PRIu64,
                                              wim_resource_size(lte));
+                                       lte->no_progress = 0;
                                        goto skip_to_progress;
                                }
                        }
@@ -668,71 +688,98 @@ do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                 * while in the latter case this is done because we do not have
                 * the SHA1 message digest yet.  */
                wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt != 0);
-               ret = write_wim_resource(lte,
-                                        out_fp,
-                                        out_ctype,
-                                        &lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                        write_resource_flags);
+               lte->deferred = 0;
+               lte->no_progress = 0;
+               ret = (*write_stream_cb)(lte, write_stream_ctx);
                if (ret)
                        break;
+               /* In parallel mode, some streams are deferred for later,
+                * serialized processing; ignore them here. */
+               if (lte->deferred)
+                       continue;
                if (lte->unhashed) {
                        list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
                        lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
                        lte->unhashed = 0;
                }
        skip_to_progress:
-               do_write_streams_progress(progress,
-                                         progress_func,
-                                         wim_resource_size(lte));
+               if (!lte->no_progress) {
+                       do_write_streams_progress(progress,
+                                                 progress_func,
+                                                 wim_resource_size(lte));
+               }
        }
        return ret;
 }
 
+static int
+do_write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                           filedes_t out_fd,
+                           int out_ctype,
+                           int write_resource_flags,
+                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                           union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+{
+       struct serial_write_stream_ctx ctx = {
+               .out_fd = out_fd,
+               .out_ctype = out_ctype,
+               .write_resource_flags = write_resource_flags,
+       };
+       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list,
+                                   lookup_table,
+                                   serial_write_stream,
+                                   &ctx,
+                                   progress_func,
+                                   progress);
+}
+
+static inline int
+write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
+{
+       int resource_flags = 0;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       return resource_flags;
+}
+
 static int
 write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
                         struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                        FILE *out_fp,
+                        filedes_t out_fd,
                         int out_ctype,
-                        int write_flags,
+                        int write_resource_flags,
                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
                         union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
 {
-       int write_resource_flags = 0;
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-               write_resource_flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
-
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list (serial version)");
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = 1;
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list,
-                                   lookup_table,
-                                   out_fp,
-                                   out_ctype,
-                                   write_resource_flags,
-                                   progress_func,
-                                   progress);
+       return do_write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
+                                          lookup_table,
+                                          out_fd,
+                                          out_ctype,
+                                          write_resource_flags,
+                                          progress_func,
+                                          progress);
 }
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
 static int
-write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, FILE *out_fp,
+write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, filedes_t out_fd,
                 struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
 {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               unsigned chunk_csize = msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i];
-
-               DEBUG2("Write wim chunk %u of %u (csize = %u)",
-                     i, msg->num_chunks, chunk_csize);
-
-               if (fwrite(msg->out_compressed_chunks[i], 1, chunk_csize, out_fp)
-                   != chunk_csize)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunk");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               }
-
                *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset += chunk_csize;
+               chunk_tab->cur_offset += msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len;
+       }
+       if (full_writev(out_fd, msg->out_chunks,
+                       msg->num_chunks) != msg->total_out_bytes)
+       {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunks");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
        return 0;
 }
@@ -740,28 +787,28 @@ write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, FILE *out_fp,
 struct main_writer_thread_ctx {
        struct list_head *stream_list;
        struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       FILE *out_fp;
+       filedes_t out_fd;
        int out_ctype;
+       int write_resource_flags;
        struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
        struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue;
        size_t num_messages;
-       int write_flags;
        wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func;
        union wimlib_progress_info *progress;
 
        struct list_head available_msgs;
        struct list_head outstanding_streams;
        struct list_head serial_streams;
+       size_t num_outstanding_messages;
+
+       SHA_CTX next_sha_ctx;
        u64 next_chunk;
        u64 next_num_chunks;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte;
+
        struct message *msgs;
        struct message *next_msg;
-       size_t next_chunk_in_msg;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_lte;
        struct chunk_table *cur_chunk_tab;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte;
-       SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
-       u8 next_hash[20];
 };
 
 static int
@@ -816,11 +863,12 @@ allocate_messages(size_t num_messages)
 static void
 main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
 {
+       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages--)
+               shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
        free_messages(ctx->msgs, ctx->num_messages);
        FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
 }
 
-
 static int
 main_writer_thread_init_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
 {
@@ -839,17 +887,22 @@ main_writer_thread_init_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
         * chunks sent off for compression.
         *
         * The first stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
-        * currently being written (cur_lte).
+        * currently being written.
         *
         * The last stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
-        * currently being read and chunks fed to the compressor threads.  */
+        * currently being read and having chunks fed to the compressor threads.
+        * */
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->outstanding_streams);
+       ctx->num_outstanding_messages = 0;
+
+       ctx->next_msg = NULL;
 
        /* Resources that don't need any chunks compressed are added to this
         * list and written directly by the main thread. */
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->serial_streams);
 
-       ctx->cur_lte = NULL;
+       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
+
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -861,13 +914,18 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
        int ret;
 
        wimlib_assert(!list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0);
+
+       cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
+                              struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                              being_compressed_list);
 
        /* Get the next message from the queue and process it.
         * The message will contain 1 or more data chunks that have been
         * compressed. */
        msg = shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
        msg->complete = true;
-       cur_lte = ctx->cur_lte;
+       --ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
 
        /* Is this the next chunk in the current resource?  If it's not
         * (i.e., an earlier chunk in a same or different resource
@@ -876,67 +934,72 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
         *
         * Otherwise, write all the chunks we can. */
        while (cur_lte != NULL &&
-              !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-              (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
-                                  struct message,
-                                  list))->complete)
+              !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list)
+              && (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
+                                     struct message,
+                                     list))->complete)
        {
+               list_move(&msg->list, &ctx->available_msgs);
                if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
-
                        /* This is the first set of chunks.  Leave space
                         * for the chunk table in the output file. */
-                       off_t cur_offset = ftello(ctx->out_fp);
-                       if (cur_offset == -1) {
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
+                       off_t cur_offset = filedes_offset(ctx->out_fd);
+                       if (cur_offset == -1)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
                        ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
-                                                          ctx->out_fp,
+                                                          ctx->out_fd,
                                                           cur_offset,
                                                           &ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out;
+                               return ret;
                }
 
                /* Write the compressed chunks from the message. */
-               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fp, ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fd, ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out;
-
-               list_del(&msg->list);
-
-               /* This message is available to use for different chunks
-                * now. */
-               list_add(&msg->list, &ctx->available_msgs);
+                       return ret;
 
                /* Was this the last chunk of the stream?  If so, finish
                 * it. */
                if (list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
                    msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == ctx->cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
                {
-                       DEBUG2("Finish wim chunk tab");
                        u64 res_csize;
+                       off_t offset;
+
                        ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
-                                                           ctx->out_fp,
+                                                           ctx->out_fd,
                                                            &res_csize);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out;
+                               return ret;
+
+                       list_del(&cur_lte->being_compressed_list);
+
+                       /* Grab the offset of this stream in the output file
+                        * from the chunk table before we free it. */
+                       offset = ctx->cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
+
+                       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+                       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
 
-#if 0
                        if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte)) {
                                /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to
                                 * larger than the original size.  Write
                                 * the resource uncompressed instead. */
-                               ret = write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(
-                                                cur_lte,
-                                                ctx->out_fp,
-                                                ctx->cur_chunk_tab->file_offset,
-                                                &cur_lte->output_resource_entry);
+                               DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
+                                     "writing uncompressed instead",
+                                     wim_resource_size(cur_lte), res_csize);
+                               ret = seek_and_truncate(ctx->out_fd, offset);
                                if (ret)
-                                       goto out;
-                       } else
-#endif
-                       {
+                                       return ret;
+                               ret = write_wim_resource(cur_lte,
+                                                        ctx->out_fd,
+                                                        WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
+                                                        &cur_lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                                        ctx->write_resource_flags);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       } else {
                                cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size =
                                        res_csize;
 
@@ -944,26 +1007,16 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
                                        cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
 
                                cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
-                                       ctx->cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
+                                       offset;
 
                                cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
                                        cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
                                                WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
                        }
-                       do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress, ctx->progress_func,
-                                                 wim_resource_size(cur_lte));
-                       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
-                       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
 
-                       struct list_head *next = cur_lte->write_streams_list.next;
-                       list_del(&cur_lte->write_streams_list);
-
-                       if (next == &ctx->outstanding_streams)
-                               cur_lte = NULL;
-                       else
-                               cur_lte = container_of(cur_lte->write_streams_list.next,
-                                                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                      write_streams_list);
+                       do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress,
+                                                 ctx->progress_func,
+                                                 wim_resource_size(cur_lte));
 
                        /* Since we just finished writing a stream, write any
                         * streams that have been added to the serial_streams
@@ -971,162 +1024,163 @@ receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
                         * resources that don't need to be compressed because
                         * the desired compression type is the same as the
                         * previous compression type). */
-                       ret = do_write_stream_list(&ctx->serial_streams,
-                                                  ctx->lookup_table,
-                                                  ctx->out_fp,
-                                                  ctx->out_ctype,
-                                                  ctx->progress_func,
-                                                  ctx->progress,
-                                                  0);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out;
+                       if (!list_empty(&ctx->serial_streams)) {
+                               ret = do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
+                                                                 ctx->lookup_table,
+                                                                 ctx->out_fd,
+                                                                 ctx->out_ctype,
+                                                                 ctx->write_resource_flags,
+                                                                 ctx->progress_func,
+                                                                 ctx->progress);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       }
+
+                       /* Advance to the next stream to write. */
+                       if (list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams)) {
+                               cur_lte = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
+                                                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                      being_compressed_list);
+                       }
                }
        }
-out:
-       ctx->cur_lte = cur_lte;
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
+/* Called when the main thread has read a new chunk of data. */
 static int
 main_writer_thread_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
 {
        struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        int ret;
        struct message *next_msg;
+       u64 next_chunk_in_msg;
 
-       next_msg = ctx->next_msg;
-
-       sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
+       /* Update SHA1 message digest for the stream currently being read by the
+        * main thread. */
+       sha1_update(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
 
+       /* We send chunks of data to the compressor chunks in batches which we
+        * refer to as "messages".  @next_msg is the message that is currently
+        * being prepared to send off.  If it is NULL, that indicates that we
+        * need to start a new message. */
+       next_msg = ctx->next_msg;
        if (!next_msg) {
-               if (list_empty(&ctx->available_msgs)) {
+               /* We need to start a new message.  First check to see if there
+                * is a message available in the list of available messages.  If
+                * so, we can just take one.  If not, all the messages (there is
+                * a fixed number of them, proportional to the number of
+                * threads) have been sent off to the compressor threads, so we
+                * receive messages from the compressor threads containing
+                * compressed chunks of data.
+                *
+                * We may need to receive multiple messages before one is
+                * actually available to use because messages received that are
+                * *not* for the very next set of chunks to compress must be
+                * buffered until it's time to write those chunks. */
+               while (list_empty(&ctx->available_msgs)) {
                        ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
 
-               wimlib_assert(!list_empty(&ctx->available_msgs));
-
                next_msg = container_of(ctx->available_msgs.next,
-                                      struct message,
-                                      list);
+                                       struct message, list);
                list_del(&next_msg->list);
                next_msg->complete = false;
                next_msg->begin_chunk = ctx->next_chunk;
                next_msg->num_chunks = min(MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG,
                                           ctx->next_num_chunks - ctx->next_chunk);
-               ctx->next_chunk_in_msg = 0;
+               ctx->next_msg = next_msg;
        }
 
-       wimlib_assert(next_msg != NULL);
-       wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk_in_msg < next_msg->num_chunks);
+       /* Fill in the next chunk to compress */
+       next_chunk_in_msg = ctx->next_chunk - next_msg->begin_chunk;
 
-       next_msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[ctx->next_chunk_in_msg] = chunk_size;
-       memcpy(next_msg->uncompressed_chunks[ctx->next_chunk_in_msg],
+       next_msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[next_chunk_in_msg] = chunk_size;
+       memcpy(next_msg->uncompressed_chunks[next_chunk_in_msg],
               chunk, chunk_size);
-
-       if (++ctx->next_chunk_in_msg == next_msg->num_chunks) {
-               shared_queue_put(ctx->res_to_compress_queue,
-                                next_msg);
+       ctx->next_chunk++;
+       if (++next_chunk_in_msg == next_msg->num_chunks) {
+               /* Send off an array of chunks to compress */
+               list_add_tail(&next_msg->list, &ctx->next_lte->msg_list);
+               shared_queue_put(ctx->res_to_compress_queue, next_msg);
+               ++ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
                ctx->next_msg = NULL;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+main_writer_thread_finish(void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0) {
+               ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       wimlib_assert(list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
+       return do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
+                                          ctx->lookup_table,
+                                          ctx->out_fd,
+                                          ctx->out_ctype,
+                                          ctx->write_resource_flags,
+                                          ctx->progress_func,
+                                          ctx->progress);
+}
+
 static int
 submit_stream_for_compression(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                              struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
 {
        int ret;
 
-       sha1_init(&ctx->sha_ctx);
+       /* Read the entire stream @lte, feeding its data chunks to the
+        * compressor threads.  Also SHA1-sum the stream; this is required in
+        * the case that @lte is unhashed, and a nice additional verification
+        * when @lte is already hashed. */
+       sha1_init(&ctx->next_sha_ctx);
+       ctx->next_chunk = 0;
        ctx->next_num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
+       ctx->next_lte = lte;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->msg_list);
+       list_add_tail(&lte->being_compressed_list, &ctx->outstanding_streams);
        ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
                                   main_writer_thread_cb, ctx, 0);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->sha_ctx, lte);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       if (ret == 0) {
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk == ctx->next_num_chunks);
+               ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, lte);
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * This function is executed by the main thread when the resources are being
- * compressed in parallel.  The main thread is in change of all reading of the
- * uncompressed data and writing of the compressed data.  The compressor threads
- * *only* do compression from/to in-memory buffers.
- *
- * Each unit of work given to a compressor thread is up to MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG
- * chunks of compressed data to compress, represented in a `struct message'.
- * Each message is passed from the main thread to a worker thread through the
- * res_to_compress_queue, and it is passed back through the
- * compressed_res_queue.
- */
 static int
-main_writer_thread_proc(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+main_thread_process_next_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
 {
+       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        int ret;
-       struct list_head *stream_list;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-       ret = main_writer_thread_init_ctx(ctx);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_destroy_ctx;
-
-       stream_list = ctx->stream_list;
-       while (!list_empty(stream_list)) {
-               lte = container_of(stream_list->next,
-                                  struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                  write_streams_list);
-               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
-               if (lte->unhashed && !lte->unique_size) {
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *tmp;
-                       u32 orig_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
-
-                       ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, ctx->lookup_table, &tmp);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_destroy_ctx;
-                       if (tmp != lte) {
-                               lte = tmp;
-                               if (orig_refcnt != tmp->out_refcnt) {
-                                       DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of length %"PRIu64,
-                                             wim_resource_size(lte));
-                                       goto skip_to_progress;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
 
-               if (wim_resource_size(lte) < 1000 ||
-                   ctx->out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
-                   (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-                    wimlib_get_compression_type(lte->wim) == ctx->out_ctype))
-               {
-                       list_add(&lte->write_streams_list,
-                                &ctx->serial_streams);
-               } else {
-                       ret = submit_stream_for_compression(lte, ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_destroy_ctx;
-                       if (lte->unhashed) {
-                               list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
-                               lookup_table_insert(ctx->lookup_table, lte);
-                               lte->unhashed = 0;
-                       }
-               }
-       skip_to_progress:
-               do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress,
-                                         ctx->progress_func,
-                                         wim_resource_size(lte));
-       }
-
-       while (!list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams)) {
-               ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_destroy_ctx;
+       if (wim_resource_size(lte) < 1000 ||
+           ctx->out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
+           (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+            !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
+            wimlib_get_compression_type(lte->wim) == ctx->out_ctype))
+       {
+               /* Stream is too small or isn't being compressed.  Process it by
+                * the main thread when we have a chance.  We can't necessarily
+                * process it right here, as the main thread could be in the
+                * middle of writing a different stream. */
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &ctx->serial_streams);
+               lte->deferred = 1;
+               ret = 0;
+       } else {
+               ret = submit_stream_for_compression(lte, ctx);
        }
-       ret = 0;
-out_destroy_ctx:
-       main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(ctx);
+       lte->no_progress = 1;
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1140,15 +1194,41 @@ get_default_num_threads()
 #endif
 }
 
+/* Equivalent to write_stream_list_serial(), except this takes a @num_threads
+ * parameter and will perform compression using that many threads.  Falls
+ * back to write_stream_list_serial() on certain errors, such as a failure to
+ * create the number of threads requested.
+ *
+ * High level description of the algorithm for writing compressed streams in
+ * parallel:  We perform compression on chunks of size WIM_CHUNK_SIZE bytes
+ * rather than on full files.  The currently executing thread becomes the main
+ * thread and is entirely in charge of reading the data to compress (which may
+ * be in any location understood by the resource code--- such as in an external
+ * file being captured, or in another WIM file from which an image is being
+ * exported) and actually writing the compressed data to the output file.
+ * Additional threads are "compressor threads" and all execute the
+ * compressor_thread_proc, where they repeatedly retrieve buffers of data from
+ * the main thread, compress them, and hand them back to the main thread.
+ *
+ * Certain streams, such as streams that do not need to be compressed (e.g.
+ * input compression type same as output compression type) or streams of very
+ * small size are placed in a list (main_writer_thread_ctx.serial_list) and
+ * handled entirely by the main thread at an appropriate time.
+ *
+ * At any given point in time, multiple streams may be having chunks compressed
+ * concurrently.  The stream that the main thread is currently *reading* may be
+ * later in the list that the stream that the main thread is currently
+ * *writing*.
+ */
 static int
 write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                          FILE *out_fp,
+                          filedes_t out_fd,
                           int out_ctype,
-                          int write_flags,
-                          unsigned num_threads,
+                          int write_resource_flags,
                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
+                          unsigned num_threads)
 {
        int ret;
        struct shared_queue res_to_compress_queue;
@@ -1160,24 +1240,29 @@ write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
                if (nthreads < 1 || nthreads > UINT_MAX) {
                        WARNING("Could not determine number of processors! Assuming 1");
                        goto out_serial;
+               } else if (nthreads == 1) {
+                       goto out_serial_quiet;
                } else {
                        num_threads = nthreads;
                }
        }
 
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list (parallel version, num_threads=%u)",
+             num_threads);
+
        progress->write_streams.num_threads = num_threads;
 
-       static const double MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2.0;
+       static const size_t MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2;
        size_t queue_size = (size_t)(num_threads * MESSAGES_PER_THREAD);
 
        DEBUG("Initializing shared queues (queue_size=%zu)", queue_size);
 
        ret = shared_queue_init(&res_to_compress_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       if (ret)
                goto out_serial;
 
        ret = shared_queue_init(&compressed_res_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       if (ret)
                goto out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue;
 
        struct compressor_thread_params params;
@@ -1192,13 +1277,14 @@ write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
        }
 
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u", i);
+               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u of %u", i + 1, num_threads);
                ret = pthread_create(&compressor_threads[i], NULL,
                                     compressor_thread_proc, &params);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        ret = -1;
                        ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create compressor "
-                                        "thread %u", i);
+                                        "thread %u of %u",
+                                        i + 1, num_threads);
                        num_threads = i;
                        goto out_join;
                }
@@ -1208,18 +1294,34 @@ write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
 
        struct main_writer_thread_ctx ctx;
-       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
        ctx.stream_list           = stream_list;
        ctx.lookup_table          = lookup_table;
-       ctx.out_fp                = out_fp;
+       ctx.out_fd                = out_fd;
        ctx.out_ctype             = out_ctype;
        ctx.res_to_compress_queue = &res_to_compress_queue;
        ctx.compressed_res_queue  = &compressed_res_queue;
        ctx.num_messages          = queue_size;
-       ctx.write_flags           = write_flags;
+       ctx.write_resource_flags  = write_resource_flags;
        ctx.progress_func         = progress_func;
        ctx.progress              = progress;
-       ret = main_writer_thread_proc(&ctx);
+       ret = main_writer_thread_init_ctx(&ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_join;
+       ret = do_write_stream_list(stream_list, lookup_table,
+                                  main_thread_process_next_stream,
+                                  &ctx, progress_func, progress);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_ctx;
+
+       /* The main thread has finished reading all streams that are going to be
+        * compressed in parallel, and it now needs to wait for all remaining
+        * chunks to be compressed so that the remaining streams can actually be
+        * written to the output file.  Furthermore, any remaining streams that
+        * had processing deferred to the main thread need to be handled.  These
+        * tasks are done by the main_writer_thread_finish() function. */
+       ret = main_writer_thread_finish(&ctx);
+out_destroy_ctx:
+       main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(&ctx);
 out_join:
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
                shared_queue_put(&res_to_compress_queue, NULL);
@@ -1227,7 +1329,8 @@ out_join:
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
                if (pthread_join(compressor_threads[i], NULL)) {
                        WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to join compressor "
-                                          "thread %u", i);
+                                          "thread %u of %u",
+                                          i + 1, num_threads);
                }
        }
        FREE(compressor_threads);
@@ -1239,11 +1342,12 @@ out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue:
                return ret;
 out_serial:
        WARNING("Falling back to single-threaded compression");
+out_serial_quiet:
        return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
                                        lookup_table,
-                                       out_fp,
+                                       out_fd,
                                        out_ctype,
-                                       write_flags,
+                                       write_resource_flags,
                                        progress_func,
                                        progress);
 
@@ -1251,13 +1355,13 @@ out_serial:
 #endif
 
 /*
- * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fp) using the compression type
+ * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fd) using the compression type
  * @out_ctype and up to @num_threads compressor threads.
  */
 static int
 write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                  struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                 FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
+                 filedes_t out_fd, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
                  unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
@@ -1266,10 +1370,13 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
        u64 total_compression_bytes = 0;
        union wimlib_progress_info progress;
        int ret;
+       int write_resource_flags;
 
        if (list_empty(stream_list))
                return 0;
 
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
+
        /* Calculate the total size of the streams to be written.  Note: this
         * will be the uncompressed size, as we may not know the compressed size
         * yet, and also this will assume that every unhashed stream will be
@@ -1279,7 +1386,7 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
                total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
                       && (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) != out_ctype ||
-                          (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
+                          (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
                {
                        total_compression_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
                }
@@ -1296,19 +1403,19 @@ write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
        if (total_compression_bytes >= 1000000 && num_threads != 1)
                ret = write_stream_list_parallel(stream_list,
                                                 lookup_table,
-                                                out_fp,
+                                                out_fd,
                                                 out_ctype,
-                                                write_flags,
-                                                num_threads,
+                                                write_resource_flags,
                                                 progress_func,
-                                                &progress);
+                                                &progress,
+                                                num_threads);
        else
 #endif
                ret = write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
                                               lookup_table,
-                                              out_fp,
+                                              out_fd,
                                               out_ctype,
-                                              write_flags,
+                                              write_resource_flags,
                                               progress_func,
                                               &progress);
        return ret;
@@ -1342,15 +1449,15 @@ stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
 {
        struct stream_size_table *tab = _tab;
        size_t pos;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *hashed_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *same_size_lte;
        struct hlist_node *tmp;
 
        pos = hash_u64(wim_resource_size(lte)) % tab->capacity;
        lte->unique_size = 1;
-       hlist_for_each_entry(hashed_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
-               if (wim_resource_size(hashed_lte) == wim_resource_size(lte)) {
+       hlist_for_each_entry(same_size_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
+               if (wim_resource_size(same_size_lte) == wim_resource_size(lte)) {
                        lte->unique_size = 0;
-                       hashed_lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       same_size_lte->unique_size = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }
@@ -1368,14 +1475,34 @@ struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args {
        struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
 };
 
+/* First phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
+ * on all streams, both hashed and unhashed, except the metadata resources. */
 static int
-lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *arg)
+lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = arg;
+       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
 
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-           lte->wim == args->wim)
-       {
+       wimlib_assert(!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA));
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM || lte->wim != args->wim)
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &args->stream_list);
+       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
+       stream_size_table_insert(lte, &args->stream_size_tab);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Second phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
+ * on existing metadata resources and hashed streams, but not unhashed streams.
+ *
+ * NOTE: lte->output_resource_entry is in union with lte->hash_list_2, so
+ * lte_overwrite_prepare_2() must be called after lte_overwrite_prepare(), as
+ * the latter uses lte->hash_list_2, while the former expects to set
+ * lte->output_resource_entry. */
+static int
+lte_overwrite_prepare_2(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
+{
+       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->wim == args->wim) {
                /* We can't do an in place overwrite on the WIM if there are
                 * streams after the XML data. */
                if (lte->resource_entry.offset +
@@ -1387,19 +1514,6 @@ lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *arg)
                #endif
                        return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
                }
-       } else {
-               wimlib_assert(!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA));
-               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &args->stream_list);
-       }
-       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-       stream_size_table_insert(lte, &args->stream_size_tab);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-lte_set_output_res_entry(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_wim)
-{
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->wim == _wim) {
                copy_resource_entry(&lte->output_resource_entry,
                                    &lte->resource_entry);
        }
@@ -1425,6 +1539,7 @@ prepare_streams_for_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
 {
        int ret;
        struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args args;
+       unsigned i;
 
        args.wim = wim;
        args.end_offset = end_offset;
@@ -1434,27 +1549,25 @@ prepare_streams_for_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
                return ret;
 
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&args.stream_list);
-       for (int i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
                struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
                struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
                imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
-               image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd) {
-                       ret = lte_overwrite_prepare(lte, &args);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_destroy_stream_size_table;
-               }
+               image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+                       lte_overwrite_prepare(lte, &args);
        }
-       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                    lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_destroy_stream_size_table;
-
-       for (int i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++)
-               lte_set_output_res_entry(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte,
-                                        wim);
-       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_set_output_res_entry, wim);
+       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
        list_transfer(&args.stream_list, stream_list);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               ret = lte_overwrite_prepare_2(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte,
+                                             &args);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_stream_size_table;
+       }
+       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                    lte_overwrite_prepare_2, &args);
 out_destroy_stream_size_table:
        destroy_stream_size_table(&args.stream_size_tab);
        return ret;
@@ -1545,7 +1658,7 @@ prepare_stream_list(WIMStruct *wim, int image, struct list_head *stream_list)
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Writes the streams for the specified @image in @wim to @wim->out_fp.
+/* Writes the streams for the specified @image in @wim to @wim->out_fd.
  */
 static int
 write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
@@ -1560,7 +1673,7 @@ write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
                return ret;
        return write_stream_list(&stream_list,
                                 wim->lookup_table,
-                                wim->out_fp,
+                                wim->out_fd,
                                 wimlib_get_compression_type(wim),
                                 write_flags,
                                 num_threads,
@@ -1602,7 +1715,6 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
 {
        int ret;
        struct wim_header hdr;
-       FILE *out = w->out_fp;
 
        /* @hdr will be the header for the new WIM.  First copy all the data
         * from the header in the WIMStruct; then set all the fields that may
@@ -1638,7 +1750,7 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
                        goto out_close_wim;
        }
 
-       ret = write_xml_data(w->wim_info, image, out,
+       ret = write_xml_data(w->wim_info, image, w->out_fd,
                             (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE) ?
                              wim_info_get_total_bytes(w->wim_info) : 0,
                             &hdr.xml_res_entry);
@@ -1650,28 +1762,9 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
                        struct wim_header checkpoint_hdr;
                        memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
                        zero_resource_entry(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity);
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out_close_wim;
-                       }
-                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, out);
+                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, w->out_fd);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_close_wim;
-
-                       if (fflush(out) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't write data to WIM");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out_close_wim;
-                       }
-
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out_close_wim;
-                       }
                }
 
                off_t old_lookup_table_end;
@@ -1685,7 +1778,7 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
                new_lookup_table_end = hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
                                       hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
 
-               ret = write_integrity_table(out,
+               ret = write_integrity_table(w->out_fd,
                                            &hdr.integrity,
                                            new_lookup_table_end,
                                            old_lookup_table_end,
@@ -1696,42 +1789,33 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
                zero_resource_entry(&hdr.integrity);
        }
 
-       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning of WIM "
-                                "being written");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out_close_wim;
-       }
-
-       ret = write_header(&hdr, out);
+       ret = write_header(&hdr, w->out_fd);
        if (ret)
                goto out_close_wim;
 
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC) {
-               if (fflush(out) != 0
-                   || fsync(fileno(out)) != 0)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error flushing data to WIM file");
+               if (fsync(w->out_fd)) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error syncing data to WIM file");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
                }
        }
 out_close_wim:
-       if (fclose(out) != 0) {
+       if (close(w->out_fd)) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the output WIM file");
                if (ret == 0)
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       w->out_fp = NULL;
+       w->out_fd = INVALID_FILEDES;
        return ret;
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
 int
-lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, FILE *fp)
+lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, filedes_t fd)
 {
        int ret = 0;
-       if (fp && !w->wim_locked) {
-               ret = flock(fileno(fp), LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
+       if (fd != INVALID_FILEDES && !w->wim_locked) {
+               ret = flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
                                ERROR("`%"TS"' is already being modified or has been "
@@ -1752,37 +1836,24 @@ lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, FILE *fp)
 #endif
 
 static int
-open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path,
-                 bool trunc, bool also_readable)
+open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
 {
-       const tchar *mode;
-       if (trunc)
-               if (also_readable)
-                       mode = T("w+b");
-               else
-                       mode = T("wb");
-       else
-               mode = T("r+b");
-
-       wimlib_assert(w->out_fp == NULL);
-       w->out_fp = tfopen(path, mode);
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               return 0;
-       } else {
+       w->out_fd = topen(path, open_flags, 0644);
+       if (w->out_fd == INVALID_FILEDES) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open `%"TS"' for writing", path);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 
 void
 close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w)
 {
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               if (fclose(w->out_fp) != 0) {
+       if (w->out_fd != INVALID_FILEDES) {
+               if (close(w->out_fd))
                        WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close output WIM");
-               }
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+               w->out_fd = INVALID_FILEDES;
        }
 }
 
@@ -1791,12 +1862,23 @@ int
 begin_write(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path, int write_flags)
 {
        int ret;
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, path, true,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
+       int open_flags = O_TRUNC | O_CREAT;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
+       else
+               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
+       ret = open_wim_writable(w, path, open_flags);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
        /* Write dummy header. It will be overwritten later. */
-       return write_header(&w->hdr, w->out_fp);
+       ret = write_header(&w->hdr, w->out_fd);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       if (lseek(w->out_fd, WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of WIM header");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* Writes a stand-alone WIM to a file.  */
@@ -1924,6 +2006,8 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
        int ret;
        struct list_head stream_list;
        off_t old_wim_end;
+       u64 old_lookup_table_end, old_xml_begin, old_xml_end;
+       int open_flags;
 
        DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", w->filename);
 
@@ -1931,53 +2015,67 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
         * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
         * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
         * overwritten. */
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 &&
-           w->hdr.integrity.offset < w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
+       old_xml_begin = w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset;
+       old_xml_end = old_xml_begin + w->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
+       old_lookup_table_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
+                              w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 && w->hdr.integrity.offset < old_xml_end) {
                ERROR("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
        }
 
-       if (w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset > w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
+       if (old_lookup_table_end > old_xml_begin) {
                ERROR("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
        }
 
-
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset)
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.integrity.offset + w->hdr.integrity.size;
-       else
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset + w->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
-
+       /* Set @old_wim_end, which indicates the point beyond which we don't
+        * allow any file and metadata resources to appear without returning
+        * WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER (due to the fact that we would otherwise
+        * overwrite these resources). */
        if (!w->deletion_occurred && !any_images_modified(w)) {
                /* If no images have been modified and no images have been
-                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written. */
+                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written.  We
+                * shall write the new XML data and optional integrity table
+                * immediately after the lookup table.  Note that this may
+                * overwrite an existing integrity table. */
                DEBUG("Skipping writing lookup table "
                      "(no images modified or deleted)");
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                             w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+               old_wim_end = old_lookup_table_end;
                write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE |
                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML;
+       } else if (w->hdr.integrity.offset) {
+               /* Old WIM has an integrity table; begin writing new streams
+                * after it. */
+               old_wim_end = w->hdr.integrity.offset + w->hdr.integrity.size;
+       } else {
+               /* No existing integrity table; begin writing new streams after
+                * the old XML data. */
+               old_wim_end = old_xml_end;
        }
+
        ret = prepare_streams_for_overwrite(w, old_wim_end, &stream_list);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, w->filename, false,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
+       open_flags = 0;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               open_flags |= O_RDWR;
+       else
+               open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
+       ret = open_wim_writable(w, w->filename, open_flags);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       ret = lock_wim(w, w->out_fp);
+       ret = lock_wim(w, w->out_fd);
        if (ret) {
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+               close_wim_writable(w);
                return ret;
        }
 
-       if (fseeko(w->out_fp, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+       if (lseek(w->out_fd, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't seek to end of WIM");
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+               close_wim_writable(w);
                w->wim_locked = 0;
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
@@ -1986,26 +2084,26 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
              old_wim_end);
        ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list,
                                w->lookup_table,
-                               w->out_fp,
+                               w->out_fd,
                                wimlib_get_compression_type(w),
                                write_flags,
                                num_threads,
                                progress_func);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_ftruncate;
+               goto out_truncate;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < w->hdr.image_count; i++) {
                if (w->image_metadata[i]->modified) {
                        select_wim_image(w, i + 1);
                        ret = write_metadata_resource(w);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out_ftruncate;
+                               goto out_truncate;
                }
        }
        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE;
        ret = finish_write(w, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
                           progress_func);
-out_ftruncate:
+out_truncate:
        close_wim_writable(w);
        if (ret != 0 && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
                WARNING("Truncating `%"TS"' to its original size (%"PRIu64" bytes)",
@@ -2044,19 +2142,9 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
                goto out_unlink;
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, w->filename);
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Windows won't let you delete open files unless FILE_SHARE_DELETE was
-        * specified to CreateFile().  The WIM was opened with fopen(), which
-        * didn't provided this flag to CreateFile, so the handle must be closed
-        * before executing the rename(). */
-       if (w->fp != NULL) {
-               fclose(w->fp);
-               w->fp = NULL;
-       }
-#endif
+       close_wim(w);
 
+       DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, w->filename);
        /* Rename the new file to the old file .*/
        if (trename(tmpfile, w->filename) != 0) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to rename `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'",
@@ -2071,22 +2159,6 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
                progress.rename.to = w->filename;
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_RENAME, &progress);
        }
-
-       /* Close the original WIM file that was opened for reading. */
-       if (w->fp != NULL) {
-               fclose(w->fp);
-               w->fp = NULL;
-       }
-
-       /* Re-open the WIM read-only. */
-       w->fp = tfopen(w->filename, T("rb"));
-       if (w->fp == NULL) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_REOPEN;
-               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to re-open `%"TS"' read-only",
-                                  w->filename);
-               FREE(w->filename);
-               w->filename = NULL;
-       }
        goto out;
 out_unlink:
        /* Remove temporary file. */