]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/write.c
write_stream_list(): Write streams uncompressed when advantageous
[wimlib] / src / write.c
index 96ada4929be1316e353091aa547e64f32b14960a..0aacdf13e04fc57e5abd3574c7321a929201c99c 100644 (file)
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #  include <sys/file.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "wimlib/chunk_compressor.h"
 #include "wimlib/endianness.h"
 #include "wimlib/error.h"
 #include "wimlib/file_io.h"
 #include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
 #include "wimlib/metadata.h"
 #include "wimlib/resource.h"
-#include "wimlib/write.h"
-#include "wimlib/xml.h"
-
 #ifdef __WIN32__
-#  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* win32_get_number_of_processors() */
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-#  include <pthread.h>
+#  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* win32_rename_replacement() */
 #endif
+#include "wimlib/write.h"
+#include "wimlib/xml.h"
 
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
 #  include <alloca.h>
-#else
-#  include <stdlib.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <limits.h>
+/* wimlib internal flags used when writing resources.  */
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS         0x00000001
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE            0x00000002
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS       0x00000004
 
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-#  include <sys/uio.h> /* for `struct iovec' */
-#endif
+static inline int
+write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
+{
+       int write_resource_flags = 0;
 
-/* Chunk table that's located at the beginning of each compressed resource in
- * the WIM.  (This is not the on-disk format; the on-disk format just has an
- * array of offsets.) */
-struct chunk_table {
-       u64 original_resource_size;
-       u64 num_chunks;
-       u64 table_disk_size;
-       unsigned bytes_per_chunk_entry;
-       void *cur_offset_p;
-       union {
-               u32 cur_offset_u32;
-               u64 cur_offset_u64;
-       };
-       /* Beginning of chunk offsets, in either 32-bit or 64-bit little endian
-        * integers, including the first offset of 0, which will not be written.
-        * */
-       u8 offsets[] _aligned_attribute(8);
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+       return write_resource_flags;
+}
+
+struct filter_context {
+       int write_flags;
+       WIMStruct *wim;
 };
 
-/* Allocate and initializes a chunk table, then reserve space for it in the
- * output file unless writing a pipable resource.  */
+/* Determine specified stream should be filtered out from the write.
+ *
+ * Return values:
+ *
+ *  < 0 : The stream should be hard-filtered; that is, not included in the
+ *        output WIM at all.
+ *    0 : The stream should not be filtered out.
+ *  > 0 : The stream should be soft-filtered; that is, it already exists in the
+ *       WIM file and may not need to be written again.
+ */
 static int
-begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            struct filedes *out_fd,
-                            struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret,
-                            int resource_flags)
-{
-       u64 size;
-       u64 num_chunks;
-       unsigned bytes_per_chunk_entry;
-       size_t alloc_size;
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
-       int ret;
+stream_filtered(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+               const struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       int write_flags = ctx->write_flags;
+       WIMStruct *wim = ctx->wim;
 
-       size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-       num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
-       bytes_per_chunk_entry = (size > (1ULL << 32)) ? 8 : 4;
-       alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
-       chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE &&
+           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           lte->rspec->wim == wim)
+               return 1;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS &&
+           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           lte->rspec->wim != wim)
+               return -1;
 
-       if (!chunk_tab) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
-                     "resource", size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
-       chunk_tab->original_resource_size = size;
-       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry = bytes_per_chunk_entry;
-       chunk_tab->table_disk_size = chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry *
-                                    (num_chunks - 1);
-       chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
-
-       /* We don't know the correct offsets yet; so just write zeroes to
-        * reserve space for the table, so we can go back to it later after
-        * we've written the compressed chunks following it.
-        *
-        * Special case: if writing a pipable WIM, compressed resources are in a
-        * modified format (see comment above write_pipable_wim()) and do not
-        * have a chunk table at the beginning, so don't reserve any space for
-        * one.  */
-       if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
-               ret = full_write(out_fd, chunk_tab->offsets,
-                                chunk_tab->table_disk_size);
-               if (ret) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                        "file resource");
-                       FREE(chunk_tab);
-                       return ret;
-               }
-       }
-       *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Add the offset for the next chunk to the chunk table being constructed for a
- * compressed stream. */
-static void
-chunk_tab_record_chunk(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab, unsigned out_chunk_size)
+static bool
+stream_hard_filtered(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                    struct filter_context *ctx)
 {
-       if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 4) {
-               *(le32*)chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = cpu_to_le32(chunk_tab->cur_offset_u32);
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = (le32*)chunk_tab->cur_offset_p + 1;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset_u32 += out_chunk_size;
-       } else {
-               *(le64*)chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = cpu_to_le64(chunk_tab->cur_offset_u64);
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = (le64*)chunk_tab->cur_offset_p + 1;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset_u64 += out_chunk_size;
-       }
+       return stream_filtered(lte, ctx) < 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * compress_func_t- Pointer to a function to compresses a chunk
- *                  of a WIM resource.  This may be either
- *                  wimlib_xpress_compress() (xpress-compress.c) or
- *                  wimlib_lzx_compress() (lzx-compress.c).
- *
- * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:          Size of the uncompressed chunk, in bytes.
- * @out:         Pointer to output buffer of size at least (@chunk_size - 1) bytes.
- *
- * Returns the size of the compressed data written to @out in bytes, or 0 if the
- * data could not be compressed to (@chunk_size - 1) bytes or fewer.
- *
- * As a special requirement, the compression code is optimized for the WIM
- * format and therefore requires (@chunk_size <= 32768).
- *
- * As another special requirement, the compression code will read up to 8 bytes
- * off the end of the @chunk array for performance reasons.  The values of these
- * bytes will not affect the output of the compression, but the calling code
- * must make sure that the buffer holding the uncompressed chunk is actually at
- * least (@chunk_size + 8) bytes, or at least that these extra bytes are in
- * mapped memory that will not cause a memory access violation if accessed.
- */
-typedef unsigned (*compress_func_t)(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
-                                   void *out);
+static inline int
+may_soft_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       return ctx->write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE;
+}
 
-static compress_func_t
-get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
+static inline int
+may_hard_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
 {
-       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX)
-               return wimlib_lzx_compress;
-       else
-               return wimlib_xpress_compress;
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       return ctx->write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS;
 }
 
-/* Finishes a WIM chunk table and writes it to the output file at the correct
- * offset.  */
-static int
-finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             struct filedes *out_fd,
-                             off_t res_start_offset,
-                             int write_resource_flags)
+static inline int
+may_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
+       return (may_soft_filter_streams(ctx) ||
+               may_hard_filter_streams(ctx));
+}
 
-       if (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
-               ret = full_write(out_fd,
-                                chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                        chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                                chunk_tab->table_disk_size);
-       } else {
-               ret  = full_pwrite(out_fd,
-                                  chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                          chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size,
-                                  res_start_offset);
+
+/* Return true if the specified resource is compressed and the compressed data
+ * can be reused with the specified output parameters.  */
+static bool
+can_raw_copy(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+            int write_resource_flags, int out_ctype, u32 out_chunk_size)
+{
+       const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               return false;
+
+       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
+               return false;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               return false;
+
+       rspec = lte->rspec;
+
+       if (rspec->is_pipable != !!(write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               return false;
+
+
+       if (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
+               /* Normal compressed resource: Must use same compression type
+                * and chunk size.  */
+               return (rspec->wim->compression_type == out_ctype &&
+                       rspec->wim->chunk_size == out_chunk_size);
        }
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
+
+       if ((rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) &&
+           (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               /* Packed resource: Such resources may contain multiple streams,
+                * and in general only a subset of them need to be written.  As
+                * a heuristic, re-use the raw data if at least half the
+                * uncompressed size is being written.  */
+
+               /* Note: packed resources contain a header that specifies the
+                * compression type and chunk size; therefore we don't need to
+                * check if they are compatible with @out_ctype and
+                * @out_chunk_size.  */
+
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *res_stream;
+               u64 write_size = 0;
+
+               list_for_each_entry(res_stream, &rspec->stream_list, rspec_node)
+                       if (res_stream->will_be_in_output_wim)
+                               write_size += res_stream->size;
+
+               return (write_size > rspec->uncompressed_size / 2);
        }
-       return ret;
+       return false;
 }
 
-/* Write the header for a stream in a pipable WIM.
- */
+static u8
+filter_resource_flags(u8 flags)
+{
+       return (flags & ~(WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_SPANNED |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_FREE));
+}
+
+static void
+stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM);
+       rspec = lte->rspec;
+
+       if (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+
+               wimlib_assert(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS);
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = lte->offset_in_res;
+               lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+               lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+
+               lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+               lte->out_res_size_in_wim = rspec->size_in_wim;
+               /*lte->out_res_uncompressed_size = rspec->uncompressed_size;*/
+       } else {
+               wimlib_assert(!(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS));
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+               lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+               lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = rspec->size_in_wim;
+       }
+       lte->out_reshdr.flags = lte->flags;
+}
+
+
+/* Write the header for a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
 static int
 write_pwm_stream_header(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                        struct filedes *out_fd,
@@ -234,8 +250,8 @@ write_pwm_stream_header(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
        u32 reshdr_flags;
        int ret;
 
-       stream_hdr.magic = PWM_STREAM_MAGIC;
-       stream_hdr.uncompressed_size = cpu_to_le64(lte->resource_entry.original_size);
+       stream_hdr.magic = cpu_to_le64(PWM_STREAM_MAGIC);
+       stream_hdr.uncompressed_size = cpu_to_le64(lte->size);
        if (additional_reshdr_flags & PWM_RESHDR_FLAG_UNHASHED) {
                zero_out_hash(stream_hdr.hash);
        } else {
@@ -243,1395 +259,1307 @@ write_pwm_stream_header(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
                copy_hash(stream_hdr.hash, lte->hash);
        }
 
-       reshdr_flags = lte->resource_entry.flags & ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+       reshdr_flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
        reshdr_flags |= additional_reshdr_flags;
        stream_hdr.flags = cpu_to_le32(reshdr_flags);
        ret = full_write(out_fd, &stream_hdr, sizeof(stream_hdr));
        if (ret)
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing stream header");
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int
-seek_and_truncate(struct filedes *out_fd, off_t offset)
+struct write_streams_progress_data {
+       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func;
+       union wimlib_progress_info progress;
+       uint64_t next_progress;
+       WIMStruct *prev_wim_part;
+};
+
+static void
+do_write_streams_progress(struct write_streams_progress_data *progress_data,
+                         u64 size,
+                         bool discarded,
+                         struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_stream)
 {
-       if (filedes_seek(out_fd, offset) == -1 ||
-           ftruncate(out_fd->fd, offset))
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &progress_data->progress;
+       bool new_wim_part;
+
+       if (discarded) {
+               progress->write_streams.total_bytes -= size;
+               if (progress_data->next_progress != ~(uint64_t)0 &&
+                   progress_data->next_progress > progress->write_streams.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       progress_data->next_progress = progress->write_streams.total_bytes;
+               }
+       } else {
+               progress->write_streams.completed_bytes += size;
+       }
+       new_wim_part = false;
+       if (cur_stream->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           cur_stream->rspec->wim != progress_data->prev_wim_part)
        {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               if (progress_data->prev_wim_part) {
+                       new_wim_part = true;
+                       progress->write_streams.completed_parts++;
+               }
+               progress_data->prev_wim_part = cur_stream->rspec->wim;
        }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-finalize_and_check_sha1(SHA_CTX *sha_ctx, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
-{
-       u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-
-       sha1_final(md, sha_ctx);
-       if (lte->unhashed) {
-               copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
-       } else if (!hashes_equal(md, lte->hash)) {
-               ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-               if (lte_filename_valid(lte)) {
-                       ERROR("We were reading it from \"%"TS"\"; maybe "
-                             "it changed while we were reading it.",
-                             lte->file_on_disk);
+       progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
+       if (progress_data->progress_func
+           && (progress->write_streams.completed_bytes >= progress_data->next_progress
+               || new_wim_part))
+       {
+               progress_data->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
+                                            progress);
+               if (progress_data->next_progress == progress->write_streams.total_bytes) {
+                       progress_data->next_progress = ~(uint64_t)0;
+               } else {
+                       progress_data->next_progress =
+                               min(progress->write_streams.total_bytes,
+                                   progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +
+                                       progress->write_streams.total_bytes / 100);
                }
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
        }
-       return 0;
 }
 
-struct write_resource_ctx {
-       compress_func_t compress;
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab;
+struct write_streams_ctx {
+       /* File descriptor the streams are being written to.  */
        struct filedes *out_fd;
-       SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
-       bool doing_sha;
-       int resource_flags;
-};
 
-static int
-write_resource_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct write_resource_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       const void *out_chunk;
-       unsigned out_chunk_size;
-       int ret;
+       /* Lookup table for the WIMStruct on whose behalf the streams are being
+        * written.  */
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
 
-       if (ctx->doing_sha)
-               sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
-
-       out_chunk = chunk;
-       out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
-       if (ctx->compress) {
-               void *compressed_chunk;
-               unsigned compressed_size;
-
-               /* Compress the chunk.  */
-               compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
-               compressed_size = (*ctx->compress)(chunk, chunk_size,
-                                                  compressed_chunk);
-
-               /* Use compressed data if compression to less than input size
-                * was successful.  */
-               if (compressed_size) {
-                       out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
-                       out_chunk_size = compressed_size;
-               }
-       }
+       /* Compression format to use.  */
+       int out_ctype;
 
-       if (ctx->chunk_tab) {
-               /* Update chunk table accounting.  */
-               chunk_tab_record_chunk(ctx->chunk_tab, out_chunk_size);
+       /* Maximum uncompressed chunk size in compressed resources to use.  */
+       u32 out_chunk_size;
 
-               /* If writing compressed chunks to a pipable WIM, before the
-                * chunk data write a chunk header that provides the compressed
-                * chunk size.  */
-               if (ctx->resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
-                       struct pwm_chunk_hdr chunk_hdr = {
-                               .compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(out_chunk_size),
-                       };
-                       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, &chunk_hdr,
-                                        sizeof(chunk_hdr));
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto error;
-               }
-       }
+       /* Flags that affect how the streams will be written.  */
+       int write_resource_flags;
 
-       /* Write the chunk data.  */
-       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, out_chunk, out_chunk_size);
-       if (ret)
-               goto error;
-       return 0;
+       /* Data used for issuing WRITE_STREAMS progress.  */
+       struct write_streams_progress_data progress_data;
 
-error:
-       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
-       return ret;
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
+
+       /* Upper bound on the total number of bytes that need to be compressed.
+        * */
+       u64 num_bytes_to_compress;
+
+       /* Pointer to the chunk_compressor implementation being used for
+        * compressing chunks of data, or NULL if chunks are being written
+        * uncompressed.  */
+       struct chunk_compressor *compressor;
+
+       /* Buffer for dividing the read data into chunks of size
+        * @out_chunk_size.  */
+       u8 *chunk_buf;
+
+       /* Number of bytes in @chunk_buf that are currently filled.  */
+       size_t chunk_buf_filled;
+
+       /* List of streams that currently have chunks being compressed.  */
+       struct list_head pending_streams;
+
+       /* Set to true if the stream currently being read was a duplicate, and
+        * therefore the corresponding stream entry needs to be freed once the
+        * read finishes.  (In this case we add the duplicate entry to
+        * pending_streams rather than the entry being read.)  */
+       bool stream_was_duplicate;
+
+       /* Current uncompressed offset in the resource being read.  */
+       u64 cur_read_res_offset;
+
+       /* Uncompressed size of the resource currently being read.  */
+       u64 cur_read_res_size;
+
+       /* Current uncompressed offset in the resource being written.  */
+       u64 cur_write_res_offset;
+
+       /* Uncompressed size of resource currently being written.  */
+       u64 cur_write_res_size;
+
+       /* Array that is filled in with compressed chunk sizes as a resource is
+        * being written.  */
+       u64 *chunk_csizes;
+
+       /* Index of next entry in @chunk_csizes to fill in.  */
+       size_t chunk_index;
+
+       /* Number of entries in @chunk_csizes currently allocated.  */
+       size_t num_alloc_chunks;
+
+       /* Offset in the output file of the start of the chunks of the resource
+        * currently being written.  */
+       u64 chunks_start_offset;
+};
+
+static u64
+get_chunk_entry_size(u64 res_size, int write_resource_flags)
+{
+       if (res_size <= UINT32_MAX ||
+           (write_resource_flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS))
+               return 4;
+       else
+               return 8;
 }
 
-/*
- * write_wim_resource()-
- *
- * Write a resource to an output WIM.
- *
- * @lte:
- *     Lookup table entry for the resource, which could be in another WIM, in
- *     an external file, or in another location.
- *
- * @out_fd:
- *     File descriptor opened to the output WIM.
- *
- * @out_ctype:
- *     One of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants to indicate which
- *     compression algorithm to use.
- *
- * @out_res_entry:
- *     On success, this is filled in with the offset, flags, compressed size,
- *     and uncompressed size of the resource in the output WIM.
- *
- * @write_resource_flags:
- *     * WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS to force data to be recompressed even
- *       if it could otherwise be copied directly from the input;
- *     * WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE if writing a resource for a pipable WIM
- *       (and the output file descriptor may be a pipe).
- *
- * Additional notes:  The SHA1 message digest of the uncompressed data is
- * calculated (except when doing a raw copy --- see below).  If the @unhashed
- * flag is set on the lookup table entry, this message digest is simply copied
- * to it; otherwise, the message digest is compared with the existing one, and
- * the function will fail if they do not match.
- */
-int
-write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                  struct filedes *out_fd, int out_ctype,
-                  struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                  int resource_flags)
+/* Reserve space for the chunk table and prepare to accumulate the chunk table
+ * in memory.  */
+static int
+begin_chunk_table(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_expected_size)
 {
-       struct write_resource_ctx write_ctx;
-       off_t res_start_offset;
-       u64 read_size;
+       u64 expected_num_chunks;
+       u64 expected_num_chunk_entries;
+       size_t reserve_size;
        int ret;
 
-       /* Mask out any irrelevant flags, since this function also uses this
-        * variable to store WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE flags.  */
-       resource_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_MASK;
-
-       /* Get current position in output WIM.  */
-       res_start_offset = out_fd->offset;
-
-       /* If we are not forcing the data to be recompressed, and the input
-        * resource is located in a WIM with the same compression type as that
-        * desired other than no compression, we can simply copy the compressed
-        * data without recompressing it.  This also means we must skip
-        * calculating the SHA1, as we never will see the uncompressed data.  */
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-           out_ctype == wim_resource_compression_type(lte) &&
-           out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE &&
-           !(resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS))
-       {
-               /* Normally we can request a RAW_FULL read, but if we're reading
-                * from a pipable resource and writing a non-pipable resource or
-                * vice versa, then a RAW_CHUNKS read needs to be requested so
-                * that the written resource can be appropriately formatted.
-                * However, in neither case is any actual decompression needed.
-                */
-               if (lte->is_pipable == !!(resource_flags &
-                                         WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
-                       resource_flags |= WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_FULL;
-               else
-                       resource_flags |= WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_CHUNKS;
-               write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
-               read_size = lte->resource_entry.size;
-       } else {
-               write_ctx.doing_sha = true;
-               sha1_init(&write_ctx.sha_ctx);
-               read_size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-       }
-
-       /* If the output resource is to be compressed, initialize the chunk
-        * table and set the function to use for chunk compression.  Exceptions:
-        * no compression function is needed if doing a raw copy; also, no chunk
-        * table is needed if doing a *full* (not per-chunk) raw copy.  */
-       write_ctx.compress = NULL;
-       write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
-       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
-               if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW))
-                       write_ctx.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
-               if (!(resource_flags & WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW_FULL)) {
-                       ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fd,
-                                                          &write_ctx.chunk_tab,
-                                                          resource_flags);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out;
+       /* Calculate the number of chunks and chunk entries that should be
+        * needed for the resource.  These normally will be the final values,
+        * but in PACKED_STREAMS mode some of the streams we're planning to
+        * write into the resource may be duplicates, and therefore discarded,
+        * potentially decreasing the number of chunk entries needed.  */
+       expected_num_chunks = DIV_ROUND_UP(res_expected_size, ctx->out_chunk_size);
+       expected_num_chunk_entries = expected_num_chunks;
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+               expected_num_chunk_entries--;
+
+       /* Make sure the chunk_csizes array is long enough to store the
+        * compressed size of each chunk.  */
+       if (expected_num_chunks > ctx->num_alloc_chunks) {
+               u64 new_length = expected_num_chunks + 50;
+
+               if ((size_t)new_length != new_length) {
+                       ERROR("Resource size too large (%"PRIu64" bytes!",
+                             res_expected_size);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                }
-       }
 
-       /* If writing a pipable resource, write the stream header and update
-        * @res_start_offset to be the end of the stream header.  */
-       if (resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
-               int reshdr_flags = 0;
-               if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                       reshdr_flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-               ret = write_pwm_stream_header(lte, out_fd, reshdr_flags);
+               FREE(ctx->chunk_csizes);
+               ctx->chunk_csizes = MALLOC(new_length * sizeof(ctx->chunk_csizes[0]));
+               if (ctx->chunk_csizes == NULL) {
+                       ctx->num_alloc_chunks = 0;
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+               ctx->num_alloc_chunks = new_length;
+       }
+
+       ctx->chunk_index = 0;
+
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               /* Reserve space for the chunk table in the output file.  In the
+                * case of packed resources this reserves the upper bound for
+                * the needed space, not necessarily the exact space which will
+                * prove to be needed.  At this point, we just use @chunk_csizes
+                * for a buffer of 0's because the actual compressed chunk sizes
+                * are unknown.  */
+               reserve_size = expected_num_chunk_entries *
+                              get_chunk_entry_size(res_expected_size,
+                                                   ctx->write_resource_flags);
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+                       reserve_size += sizeof(struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk);
+               memset(ctx->chunk_csizes, 0, reserve_size);
+               ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes, reserve_size);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-               res_start_offset = out_fd->offset;
+                       return ret;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Write the entire resource by reading the entire resource and feeding
-        * the data through the write_resource_cb function. */
-       write_ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
-       write_ctx.resource_flags = resource_flags;
-try_write_again:
-       ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, read_size,
-                                  write_resource_cb, &write_ctx, resource_flags);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+static int
+begin_write_resource(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_expected_size)
+{
+       int ret;
 
-       /* Verify SHA1 message digest of the resource, or set the hash for the
-        * first time. */
-       if (write_ctx.doing_sha) {
-               ret = finalize_and_check_sha1(&write_ctx.sha_ctx, lte);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-       }
+       wimlib_assert(res_expected_size != 0);
 
-       /* Write chunk table if needed.  */
-       if (write_ctx.chunk_tab) {
-               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(write_ctx.chunk_tab,
-                                                   out_fd,
-                                                   res_start_offset,
-                                                   resource_flags);
+       if (ctx->compressor != NULL) {
+               ret = begin_chunk_table(ctx, res_expected_size);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       /* Fill in out_res_entry with information about the newly written
-        * resource.  */
-       out_res_entry->size          = out_fd->offset - res_start_offset;
-       out_res_entry->flags         = lte->resource_entry.flags;
-       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-               out_res_entry->flags &= ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-       else
-               out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-       out_res_entry->offset        = res_start_offset;
-       out_res_entry->original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-
-       /* Check for resources compressed to greater than their original size
-        * and write them uncompressed instead.  (But never do this if writing
-        * to a pipe, and don't bother if we did a raw copy.)  */
-       if (out_res_entry->size > out_res_entry->original_size &&
-           !(resource_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
-                               WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)))
-       {
-               DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
-                     "writing uncompressed instead",
-                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size);
-               ret = seek_and_truncate(out_fd, res_start_offset);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_chunk_tab;
-               out_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
-               FREE(write_ctx.chunk_tab);
-               write_ctx.compress = NULL;
-               write_ctx.chunk_tab = NULL;
-               write_ctx.doing_sha = false;
-               goto try_write_again;
-       }
-       if (resource_flags & (WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW)) {
-               DEBUG("Copied raw compressed data "
-                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
-                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size,
-                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
-       } else if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
-               DEBUG("Wrote compressed resource "
-                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
-                     out_res_entry->original_size, out_res_entry->size,
-                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
-       } else {
-               DEBUG("Wrote uncompressed resource "
-                     "(%"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
-                     out_res_entry->original_size,
-                     out_res_entry->offset, out_res_entry->flags);
-       }
-       ret = 0;
-out_free_chunk_tab:
-       FREE(write_ctx.chunk_tab);
-out:
-       return ret;
+       /* Output file descriptor is now positioned at the offset at which to
+        * write the first chunk of the resource.  */
+       ctx->chunks_start_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+       ctx->cur_write_res_offset = 0;
+       ctx->cur_write_res_size = res_expected_size;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Like write_wim_resource(), but the resource is specified by a buffer of
- * uncompressed data rather a lookup table entry; also writes the SHA1 hash of
- * the buffer to @hash_ret.  */
-int
-write_wim_resource_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t buf_size,
-                              int reshdr_flags, struct filedes *out_fd,
-                              int out_ctype,
-                              struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                              u8 *hash_ret, int write_resource_flags)
+static int
+end_chunk_table(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_actual_size,
+               u64 *res_start_offset_ret, u64 *res_store_size_ret)
 {
-       /* Set up a temporary lookup table entry to provide to
-        * write_wim_resource(). */
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte;
+       size_t actual_num_chunks;
+       size_t actual_num_chunk_entries;
+       size_t chunk_entry_size;
        int ret;
 
-       lte.resource_location            = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
-       lte.attached_buffer              = (void*)buf;
-       lte.resource_entry.original_size = buf_size;
-       lte.resource_entry.flags         = reshdr_flags;
+       actual_num_chunks = ctx->chunk_index;
+       actual_num_chunk_entries = actual_num_chunks;
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+               actual_num_chunk_entries--;
+
+       chunk_entry_size = get_chunk_entry_size(res_actual_size,
+                                               ctx->write_resource_flags);
 
-       if (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
-               sha1_buffer(buf, buf_size, lte.hash);
-               lte.unhashed = 0;
+       typedef le64 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le64_t;
+       typedef le32 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le32_t;
+
+       if (chunk_entry_size == 4) {
+               aliased_le32_t *entries = (aliased_le32_t*)ctx->chunk_csizes;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++)
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le32(ctx->chunk_csizes[i]);
+               } else {
+                       u32 offset = ctx->chunk_csizes[0];
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++) {
+                               u32 next_size = ctx->chunk_csizes[i + 1];
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le32(offset);
+                               offset += next_size;
+                       }
+               }
        } else {
-               lte.unhashed = 1;
+               aliased_le64_t *entries = (aliased_le64_t*)ctx->chunk_csizes;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++)
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le64(ctx->chunk_csizes[i]);
+               } else {
+                       u64 offset = ctx->chunk_csizes[0];
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++) {
+                               u64 next_size = ctx->chunk_csizes[i + 1];
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le64(offset);
+                               offset += next_size;
+                       }
+               }
        }
 
-       ret = write_wim_resource(&lte, out_fd, out_ctype, out_res_entry,
-                                write_resource_flags);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       if (hash_ret)
-               copy_hash(hash_ret, lte.hash);
-       return 0;
-}
+       size_t chunk_table_size = actual_num_chunk_entries * chunk_entry_size;
+       u64 res_start_offset;
+       u64 res_end_offset;
 
+       if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes, chunk_table_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
+               res_end_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+               res_start_offset = ctx->chunks_start_offset;
+       } else {
+               res_end_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
+               u64 chunk_table_offset;
 
-/* Blocking shared queue (solves the producer-consumer problem) */
-struct shared_queue {
-       unsigned size;
-       unsigned front;
-       unsigned back;
-       unsigned filled_slots;
-       void **array;
-       pthread_mutex_t lock;
-       pthread_cond_t msg_avail_cond;
-       pthread_cond_t space_avail_cond;
-};
+               chunk_table_offset = ctx->chunks_start_offset - chunk_table_size;
 
-static int
-shared_queue_init(struct shared_queue *q, unsigned size)
-{
-       wimlib_assert(size != 0);
-       q->array = CALLOC(sizeof(q->array[0]), size);
-       if (!q->array)
-               goto err;
-       q->filled_slots = 0;
-       q->front = 0;
-       q->back = size - 1;
-       q->size = size;
-       if (pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL)) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize mutex");
-               goto err;
-       }
-       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL)) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
-               goto err_destroy_lock;
-       }
-       if (pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL)) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to initialize condition variable");
-               goto err_destroy_msg_avail_cond;
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk hdr;
+
+                       hdr.res_usize = cpu_to_le64(res_actual_size);
+                       hdr.chunk_size = cpu_to_le32(ctx->out_chunk_size);
+                       hdr.compression_format = cpu_to_le32(ctx->out_ctype);
+
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX != 1);
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_XPRESS != 2);
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZMS != 3);
+
+                       ret = full_pwrite(ctx->out_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr),
+                                         chunk_table_offset - sizeof(hdr));
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
+                       res_start_offset = chunk_table_offset - sizeof(hdr);
+               } else {
+                       res_start_offset = chunk_table_offset;
+               }
+
+               ret = full_pwrite(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes,
+                                 chunk_table_size, chunk_table_offset);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
        }
+
+       *res_start_offset_ret = res_start_offset;
+       *res_store_size_ret = res_end_offset - res_start_offset;
+
        return 0;
-err_destroy_msg_avail_cond:
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->msg_avail_cond);
-err_destroy_lock:
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
-err:
-       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-}
 
-static void
-shared_queue_destroy(struct shared_queue *q)
-{
-       FREE(q->array);
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->msg_avail_cond);
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->space_avail_cond);
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static void
-shared_queue_put(struct shared_queue *q, void *obj)
+/* Finish writing a WIM resource by writing or updating the chunk table (if not
+ * writing the data uncompressed) and loading its metadata into @out_reshdr.  */
+static int
+end_write_resource(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr)
 {
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
-       while (q->filled_slots == q->size)
-               pthread_cond_wait(&q->space_avail_cond, &q->lock);
+       int ret;
+       u64 res_size_in_wim;
+       u64 res_uncompressed_size;
+       u64 res_offset_in_wim;
 
-       q->back = (q->back + 1) % q->size;
-       q->array[q->back] = obj;
-       q->filled_slots++;
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_write_res_size == ctx->cur_write_res_offset);
+       res_uncompressed_size = ctx->cur_write_res_size;
 
-       pthread_cond_broadcast(&q->msg_avail_cond);
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
+       if (ctx->compressor) {
+               ret = end_chunk_table(ctx, res_uncompressed_size,
+                                     &res_offset_in_wim, &res_size_in_wim);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       } else {
+               res_offset_in_wim = ctx->chunks_start_offset;
+               res_size_in_wim = ctx->out_fd->offset - res_offset_in_wim;
+       }
+       out_reshdr->uncompressed_size = res_uncompressed_size;
+       out_reshdr->size_in_wim = res_size_in_wim;
+       out_reshdr->offset_in_wim = res_offset_in_wim;
+       DEBUG("Finished writing resource: %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" @ %"PRIu64"",
+             res_uncompressed_size, res_size_in_wim, res_offset_in_wim);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void *
-shared_queue_get(struct shared_queue *q)
+/* Begin processing a stream for writing.  */
+static int
+write_stream_begin_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       bool is_partial_res, void *_ctx)
 {
-       void *obj;
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
 
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
-       while (q->filled_slots == 0)
-               pthread_cond_wait(&q->msg_avail_cond, &q->lock);
+       wimlib_assert(lte->size > 0);
 
-       obj = q->array[q->front];
-       q->array[q->front] = NULL;
-       q->front = (q->front + 1) % q->size;
-       q->filled_slots--;
+       ctx->cur_read_res_offset = 0;
+       ctx->cur_read_res_size = lte->size;
 
-       pthread_cond_broadcast(&q->space_avail_cond);
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
-       return obj;
-}
+       /* As an optimization, we allow some streams to be "unhashed", meaning
+        * their SHA1 message digests are unknown.  This is the case with
+        * streams that are added by scanning a directry tree with
+        * wimlib_add_image(), for example.  Since WIM uses single-instance
+        * streams, we don't know whether such each such stream really need to
+        * written until it is actually checksummed, unless it has a unique
+        * size.  In such cases we read and checksum the stream in this
+        * function, thereby advancing ahead of read_stream_list(), which will
+        * still provide the data again to write_stream_process_chunk().  This
+        * is okay because an unhashed stream cannot be in a WIM resource, which
+        * might be costly to decompress.  */
+       ctx->stream_was_duplicate = false;
+       if (ctx->lookup_table != NULL && lte->unhashed && !lte->unique_size) {
 
-struct compressor_thread_params {
-       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue;
-       compress_func_t compress;
-};
+               wimlib_assert(!is_partial_res);
 
-#define MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG 2
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_new;
 
-struct message {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       u8 *uncompressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       u8 *compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned uncompressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       struct iovec out_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       size_t total_out_bytes;
-       unsigned num_chunks;
-       struct list_head list;
-       bool complete;
-       u64 begin_chunk;
-};
+               ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, ctx->lookup_table, &lte_new);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               if (lte_new != lte) {
+                       /* Duplicate stream detected.  */
 
-static void
-compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
-{
-       msg->total_out_bytes = 0;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               unsigned len = compress(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
-                                       msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i],
-                                       msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
-               void *out_chunk;
-               unsigned out_len;
-               if (len) {
-                       /* To be written compressed */
-                       out_chunk = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
-                       out_len = len;
-               } else {
-                       /* To be written uncompressed */
-                       out_chunk = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
-                       out_len = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
+                       if (lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim ||
+                           stream_filtered(lte_new, ctx->filter_ctx))
+                       {
+                               /* The duplicate stream is already being
+                                * included in the output WIM, or it would be
+                                * filtered out if it had been.  Skip writing
+                                * this stream (and reading it again) entirely,
+                                * passing its output reference count to the
+                                * duplicate stream in the former case.  */
+                               DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of "
+                                     "length %"PRIu64, lte->size);
+                               do_write_streams_progress(&ctx->progress_data,
+                                                         lte->size, true, lte);
+                               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+                               list_del(&lte->lookup_table_list);
+                               if (lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim)
+                                       lte_new->out_refcnt += lte->out_refcnt;
+                               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+                                       ctx->cur_write_res_size -= lte->size;
+                               free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+                               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+                       } else {
+                               /* The duplicate stream can validly be written,
+                                * but was not marked as such.  Discard the
+                                * current stream entry and use the duplicate,
+                                * but actually freeing the current entry must
+                                * wait until read_stream_list() has finished
+                                * reading its data.  */
+                               DEBUG("Stream duplicate, but not already "
+                                     "selected for writing.");
+                               list_replace(&lte->write_streams_list,
+                                            &lte_new->write_streams_list);
+                               list_replace(&lte->lookup_table_list,
+                                            &lte_new->lookup_table_list);
+                               lte_new->out_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
+                               lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+                               ctx->stream_was_duplicate = true;
+                               lte = lte_new;
+                       }
                }
-               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_base = out_chunk;
-               msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len = out_len;
-               msg->total_out_bytes += out_len;
        }
+       list_move_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &ctx->pending_streams);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Compressor thread routine.  This is a lot simpler than the main thread
- * routine: just repeatedly get a group of chunks from the
- * res_to_compress_queue, compress them, and put them in the
- * compressed_res_queue.  A NULL pointer indicates that the thread should stop.
- * */
-static void *
-compressor_thread_proc(void *arg)
+static int
+write_stream_uncompressed(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                         struct filedes *out_fd)
 {
-       struct compressor_thread_params *params = arg;
-       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue = params->res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue = params->compressed_res_queue;
-       compress_func_t compress = params->compress;
-       struct message *msg;
-
-       DEBUG("Compressor thread ready");
-       while ((msg = shared_queue_get(res_to_compress_queue)) != NULL) {
-               compress_chunks(msg, compress);
-               shared_queue_put(compressed_res_queue, msg);
-       }
-       DEBUG("Compressor thread terminating");
-       return NULL;
-}
-#endif /* ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION */
+       int ret;
 
-static void
-do_write_streams_progress(union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
-                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                         uint64_t size_added,
-                         bool stream_discarded)
-{
-       if (stream_discarded) {
-               progress->write_streams.total_bytes -= size_added;
-               if (progress->write_streams._private != ~(uint64_t)0 &&
-                   progress->write_streams._private > progress->write_streams.total_bytes)
-               {
-                       progress->write_streams._private = progress->write_streams.total_bytes;
-               }
-       } else {
-               progress->write_streams.completed_bytes += size_added;
-       }
-       progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
-       if (progress_func &&
-           progress->write_streams.completed_bytes >= progress->write_streams._private)
+       if (-1 == lseek(out_fd->fd, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim, SEEK_SET) ||
+           0 != ftruncate(out_fd->fd, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim))
        {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
-                             progress);
-               if (progress->write_streams._private == progress->write_streams.total_bytes) {
-                       progress->write_streams._private = ~(uint64_t)0;
-               } else {
-                       progress->write_streams._private =
-                               min(progress->write_streams.total_bytes,
-                                   progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +
-                                       progress->write_streams.total_bytes / 100);
-               }
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't truncate output file to "
+                                "offset %"PRIu64, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-}
 
-struct serial_write_stream_ctx {
-       struct filedes *out_fd;
-       int out_ctype;
-       int write_resource_flags;
-};
+       out_fd->offset = lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim;
 
-static int
-serial_write_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct serial_write_stream_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       return write_wim_resource(lte, ctx->out_fd,
-                                 ctx->out_ctype, &lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                 ctx->write_resource_flags);
+       ret = extract_stream_to_fd(lte, out_fd, lte->size);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       wimlib_assert(out_fd->offset - lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim == lte->size);
+       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+       lte->out_reshdr.flags &= ~(WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED |
+                                  WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Write a list of streams, taking into account that some streams may be
- * duplicates that are checksummed and discarded on the fly, and also delegating
- * the actual writing of a stream to a function @write_stream_cb, which is
- * passed the context @write_stream_ctx. */
+/* Write the next chunk of (typically compressed) data to the output WIM,
+ * handling the writing of the chunk table.  */
 static int
-do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                    struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                    int (*write_stream_cb)(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *, void *),
-                    void *write_stream_ctx,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                    union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+write_chunk(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, const void *cchunk,
+           size_t csize, size_t usize)
 {
-       int ret = 0;
+       int ret;
+
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       bool stream_discarded;
-
-       /* For each stream in @stream_list ... */
-       while (!list_empty(stream_list)) {
-               stream_discarded = false;
-               lte = container_of(stream_list->next,
-                                  struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                  write_streams_list);
-               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
-               if (lte->unhashed && !lte->unique_size) {
-                       /* Unhashed stream that shares a size with some other
-                        * stream in the WIM we are writing.  The stream must be
-                        * checksummed to know if we need to write it or not. */
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *tmp;
-                       u32 orig_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
-
-                       ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, lookup_table, &tmp);
+
+       lte = list_entry(ctx->pending_streams.next,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list);
+
+       if (ctx->cur_write_res_offset == 0 &&
+           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               /* Starting to write a new stream in non-packed mode.  */
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+                       int additional_reshdr_flags = 0;
+                       if (ctx->compressor != NULL)
+                               additional_reshdr_flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+                       DEBUG("Writing pipable WIM stream header "
+                             "(offset=%"PRIu64")", ctx->out_fd->offset);
+
+                       ret = write_pwm_stream_header(lte, ctx->out_fd,
+                                                     additional_reshdr_flags);
                        if (ret)
-                               break;
-                       if (tmp != lte) {
-                               lte = tmp;
-                               /* We found a duplicate stream. */
-                               if (orig_refcnt != tmp->out_refcnt) {
-                                       /* We have already written, or are going
-                                        * to write, the duplicate stream.  So
-                                        * just skip to the next stream. */
-                                       DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of length %"PRIu64,
-                                             wim_resource_size(lte));
-                                       lte->no_progress = 0;
-                                       stream_discarded = true;
-                                       goto skip_to_progress;
-                               }
-                       }
+                               return ret;
                }
 
-               /* Here, @lte is either a hashed stream or an unhashed stream
-                * with a unique size.  In either case we know that the stream
-                * has to be written.  In either case the SHA1 message digest
-                * will be calculated over the stream while writing it; however,
-                * in the former case this is done merely to check the data,
-                * while in the latter case this is done because we do not have
-                * the SHA1 message digest yet.  */
-               wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt != 0);
-               lte->deferred = 0;
-               lte->no_progress = 0;
-               ret = (*write_stream_cb)(lte, write_stream_ctx);
+               ret = begin_write_resource(ctx, lte->size);
                if (ret)
-                       break;
-               /* In parallel mode, some streams are deferred for later,
-                * serialized processing; ignore them here. */
-               if (lte->deferred)
-                       continue;
-               if (lte->unhashed) {
-                       list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
-                       lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
-                       lte->unhashed = 0;
-               }
-       skip_to_progress:
-               if (!lte->no_progress) {
-                       do_write_streams_progress(progress,
-                                                 progress_func,
-                                                 wim_resource_size(lte),
-                                                 stream_discarded);
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->compressor != NULL) {
+               /* Record the compresed chunk size.  */
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->chunk_index < ctx->num_alloc_chunks);
+               ctx->chunk_csizes[ctx->chunk_index++] = csize;
+
+              /* If writing a pipable WIM, before the chunk data write a chunk
+               * header that provides the compressed chunk size.  */
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+                       struct pwm_chunk_hdr chunk_hdr = {
+                               .compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(csize),
+                       };
+                       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, &chunk_hdr,
+                                        sizeof(chunk_hdr));
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
                }
        }
-       return ret;
-}
 
-static int
-do_write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                           struct filedes *out_fd,
-                           int out_ctype,
-                           int write_resource_flags,
-                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                           union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
-{
-       struct serial_write_stream_ctx ctx = {
-               .out_fd = out_fd,
-               .out_ctype = out_ctype,
-               .write_resource_flags = write_resource_flags,
-       };
-       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list,
-                                   lookup_table,
-                                   serial_write_stream,
-                                   &ctx,
-                                   progress_func,
-                                   progress);
-}
+       /* Write the chunk data.  */
+       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, cchunk, csize);
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
 
-static inline int
-write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
-{
-       int resource_flags = 0;
+       ctx->cur_write_res_offset += usize;
 
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
-               resource_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
-       return resource_flags;
-}
+       do_write_streams_progress(&ctx->progress_data,
+                                 usize, false, lte);
 
-static int
-write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                        struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                        struct filedes *out_fd,
-                        int out_ctype,
-                        int write_resource_flags,
-                        wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                        union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
-{
-       DEBUG("Writing stream list of size %"PRIu64" (serial version)",
-             progress->write_streams.total_streams);
-       progress->write_streams.num_threads = 1;
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-       return do_write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                          lookup_table,
-                                          out_fd,
-                                          out_ctype,
-                                          write_resource_flags,
-                                          progress_func,
-                                          progress);
-}
+       if (ctx->cur_write_res_offset == ctx->cur_write_res_size &&
+           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-static int
-write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, struct filedes *out_fd,
-                struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                int write_resource_flags)
-{
-       struct iovec *vecs;
-       struct pwm_chunk_hdr *chunk_hdrs;
-       unsigned nvecs;
-       size_t nbytes;
-       int ret;
+               lte = list_entry(ctx->pending_streams.next,
+                                struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list);
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_write_res_offset == lte->size);
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++)
-               chunk_tab_record_chunk(chunk_tab, msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len);
+               /* Finished writing a stream in non-packed mode.  */
 
-       if (!(write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
-               nvecs = msg->num_chunks;
-               vecs = msg->out_chunks;
-               nbytes = msg->total_out_bytes;
-       } else {
-               /* Special case:  If writing a compressed resource to a pipable
-                * WIM, prefix each compressed chunk with a header that gives
-                * its compressed size.  */
-               nvecs = msg->num_chunks * 2;
-               vecs = alloca(nvecs * sizeof(vecs[0]));
-               chunk_hdrs = alloca(msg->num_chunks * sizeof(chunk_hdrs[0]));
-
-               for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-                       chunk_hdrs[i].compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len);
-                       vecs[i * 2].iov_base = &chunk_hdrs[i];
-                       vecs[i * 2].iov_len = sizeof(chunk_hdrs[i]);
-                       vecs[i * 2 + 1].iov_base = msg->out_chunks[i].iov_base;
-                       vecs[i * 2 + 1].iov_len = msg->out_chunks[i].iov_len;
+               ret = end_write_resource(ctx, &lte->out_reshdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+               if (ctx->compressor != NULL)
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+               if (ctx->compressor != NULL &&
+                   lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim >= lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size &&
+                   !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) &&
+                   !(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS))
+               {
+                       /* Stream did not compress to less than its original
+                        * size.  If we're not writing a pipable WIM (which
+                        * could mean the output file descriptor is
+                        * non-seekable), and the stream isn't located in a
+                        * resource pack (which would make reading it again
+                        * costly), truncate the file to the start of the stream
+                        * and write it uncompressed instead.  */
+                       DEBUG("Stream of size %"PRIu64" did not compress to "
+                             "less than original size; writing uncompressed.",
+                             lte->size);
+                       ret = write_stream_uncompressed(lte, ctx->out_fd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
-               nbytes = msg->total_out_bytes + msg->num_chunks * sizeof(chunk_hdrs[0]);
-       }
-       ret = full_writev(out_fd, vecs, nvecs);
-       if (ret)
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunks");
-       return ret;
-}
 
-struct main_writer_thread_ctx {
-       struct list_head *stream_list;
-       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       struct filedes *out_fd;
-       off_t res_start_offset;
-       int out_ctype;
-       int write_resource_flags;
-       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue;
-       size_t num_messages;
-       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func;
-       union wimlib_progress_info *progress;
+               wimlib_assert(lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size == lte->size);
 
-       struct list_head available_msgs;
-       struct list_head outstanding_streams;
-       struct list_head serial_streams;
-       size_t num_outstanding_messages;
+               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               ctx->cur_write_res_offset = 0;
+       }
 
-       SHA_CTX next_sha_ctx;
-       u64 next_chunk;
-       u64 next_num_chunks;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte;
+       return 0;
 
-       struct message *msgs;
-       struct message *next_msg;
-       struct chunk_table *cur_chunk_tab;
-};
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
+       return ret;
+}
 
 static int
-init_message(struct message *msg)
+submit_chunk_for_compression(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx,
+                            const void *chunk, size_t size)
 {
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; i++) {
-               msg->compressed_chunks[i] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               msg->uncompressed_chunks[i] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               if (msg->compressed_chunks[i] == NULL ||
-                   msg->uncompressed_chunks[i] == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       /* While we are unable to submit the chunk for compression (due to too
+        * many chunks already outstanding), retrieve and write the next
+        * compressed chunk.  */
+       while (!ctx->compressor->submit_chunk(ctx->compressor, chunk, size)) {
+               const void *cchunk;
+               unsigned csize;
+               unsigned usize;
+               bool bret;
+               int ret;
+
+               bret = ctx->compressor->get_chunk(ctx->compressor,
+                                                 &cchunk, &csize, &usize);
+
+               wimlib_assert(bret);
+
+               ret = write_chunk(ctx, cchunk, csize, usize);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-destroy_message(struct message *msg)
+/* Process the next chunk of data to be written to a WIM resource.  */
+static int
+write_stream_process_chunk(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
 {
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; i++) {
-               FREE(msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
-               FREE(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i]);
-       }
-}
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       const u8 *chunkptr, *chunkend;
 
-static void
-free_messages(struct message *msgs, size_t num_messages)
-{
-       if (msgs) {
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++)
-                       destroy_message(&msgs[i]);
-               FREE(msgs);
-       }
-}
+       wimlib_assert(size != 0);
 
-static struct message *
-allocate_messages(size_t num_messages)
-{
-       struct message *msgs;
+       if (ctx->compressor == NULL) {
+               /* Write chunk uncompressed.  */
+                ret = write_chunk(ctx, chunk, size, size);
+                if (ret)
+                        return ret;
+                ctx->cur_read_res_offset += size;
+                return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Submit the chunk for compression, but take into account that the
+        * @size the chunk was provided in may not correspond to the
+        * @out_chunk_size being used for compression.  */
+       chunkptr = chunk;
+       chunkend = chunkptr + size;
+       do {
+               const u8 *resized_chunk;
+               size_t needed_chunk_size;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       needed_chunk_size = ctx->out_chunk_size;
+               } else {
+                       u64 res_bytes_remaining;
 
-       msgs = CALLOC(num_messages, sizeof(struct message));
-       if (!msgs)
-               return NULL;
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++) {
-               if (init_message(&msgs[i])) {
-                       free_messages(msgs, num_messages);
-                       return NULL;
+                       res_bytes_remaining = ctx->cur_read_res_size -
+                                             ctx->cur_read_res_offset;
+                       needed_chunk_size = min(ctx->out_chunk_size,
+                                               ctx->chunk_buf_filled +
+                                                       res_bytes_remaining);
                }
-       }
-       return msgs;
+
+               if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled == 0 &&
+                   chunkend - chunkptr >= needed_chunk_size)
+               {
+                       /* No intermediate buffering needed.  */
+                       resized_chunk = chunkptr;
+                       chunkptr += needed_chunk_size;
+                       ctx->cur_read_res_offset += needed_chunk_size;
+               } else {
+                       /* Intermediate buffering needed.  */
+                       size_t bytes_consumed;
+
+                       bytes_consumed = min(chunkend - chunkptr,
+                                            needed_chunk_size - ctx->chunk_buf_filled);
+
+                       memcpy(&ctx->chunk_buf[ctx->chunk_buf_filled],
+                              chunkptr, bytes_consumed);
+
+                       resized_chunk = ctx->chunk_buf;
+
+                       chunkptr += bytes_consumed;
+                       ctx->cur_read_res_offset += bytes_consumed;
+                       ctx->chunk_buf_filled += bytes_consumed;
+                       if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled == needed_chunk_size) {
+                               resized_chunk = ctx->chunk_buf;
+                               ctx->chunk_buf_filled = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+               }
+
+               ret = submit_chunk_for_compression(ctx, resized_chunk,
+                                                  needed_chunk_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+       } while (chunkptr != chunkend);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+/* Finish processing a stream for writing.  It may not have been completely
+ * written yet, as the chunk_compressor implementation may still have chunks
+ * buffered or being compressed.  */
+static int
+write_stream_end_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, int status, void *_ctx)
 {
-       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages--)
-               shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
-       free_messages(ctx->msgs, ctx->num_messages);
-       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       if (status == 0)
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_read_res_offset == ctx->cur_read_res_size);
+       if (ctx->stream_was_duplicate) {
+               free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+       } else if (lte->unhashed && ctx->lookup_table != NULL) {
+               list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
+               lookup_table_insert(ctx->lookup_table, lte);
+               lte->unhashed = 0;
+       }
+       return status;
 }
 
-static int
-main_writer_thread_init_ctx(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+/* Compute statistics about a list of streams that will be written.
+ *
+ * Assumes the streams are sorted such that all streams located in each distinct
+ * WIM (specified by WIMStruct) are together.  */
+static void
+compute_stream_list_stats(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                         struct write_streams_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       /* Pre-allocate all the buffers that will be needed to do the chunk
-        * compression. */
-       ctx->msgs = allocate_messages(ctx->num_messages);
-       if (!ctx->msgs)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       u64 total_bytes = 0;
+       u64 num_streams = 0;
+       u64 total_parts = 0;
+       WIMStruct *prev_wim_part = NULL;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               num_streams++;
+               total_bytes += lte->size;
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM) {
+                       if (prev_wim_part != lte->rspec->wim) {
+                               prev_wim_part = lte->rspec->wim;
+                               total_parts++;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_bytes       = total_bytes;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_streams     = num_streams;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_bytes   = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_streams = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.compression_type  = ctx->out_ctype;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_parts       = total_parts;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_parts   = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.next_progress = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.prev_wim_part = NULL;
+}
 
-       /* Initially, all the messages are available to use. */
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->available_msgs);
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->num_messages; i++)
-               list_add_tail(&ctx->msgs[i].list, &ctx->available_msgs);
-
-       /* outstanding_streams is the list of streams that currently have had
-        * chunks sent off for compression.
-        *
-        * The first stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
-        * currently being written.
-        *
-        * The last stream in outstanding_streams is the stream that is
-        * currently being read and having chunks fed to the compressor threads.
-        * */
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->outstanding_streams);
-       ctx->num_outstanding_messages = 0;
+/* Find streams in @stream_list that can be copied to the output WIM in raw form
+ * rather than compressed.  Delete these streams from @stream_list, and move one
+ * per resource to @raw_copy_resources.  Return the total uncompressed size of
+ * the streams that need to be compressed.  */
+static u64
+find_raw_copy_resources(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                       int write_resource_flags,
+                       int out_ctype,
+                       u32 out_chunk_size,
+                       struct list_head *raw_copy_resources)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+       u64 num_bytes_to_compress = 0;
 
-       ctx->next_msg = NULL;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(raw_copy_resources);
 
-       /* Resources that don't need any chunks compressed are added to this
-        * list and written directly by the main thread. */
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->serial_streams);
+       /* Initialize temporary raw_copy_ok flag.  */
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+                       lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok = 0;
 
-       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+                   lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok)
+               {
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               } else if (can_raw_copy(lte, write_resource_flags,
+                                out_ctype, out_chunk_size))
+               {
+                       lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok = 1;
+                       list_move_tail(&lte->write_streams_list,
+                                      raw_copy_resources);
+               } else {
+                       num_bytes_to_compress += lte->size;
+               }
+       }
 
-       return 0;
+       return num_bytes_to_compress;
 }
 
+/* Copy a raw compressed resource located in another WIM file to the WIM file
+ * being written.  */
 static int
-receive_compressed_chunks(struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+write_raw_copy_resource(struct wim_resource_spec *in_rspec,
+                       struct filedes *out_fd)
 {
-       struct message *msg;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_lte;
+       u64 cur_read_offset;
+       u64 end_read_offset;
+       u8 buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
+       size_t bytes_to_read;
        int ret;
+       struct filedes *in_fd;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       u64 out_offset_in_wim;
 
-       wimlib_assert(!list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
-       wimlib_assert(ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0);
-
-       cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
-                              struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                              being_compressed_list);
-
-       /* Get the next message from the queue and process it.
-        * The message will contain 1 or more data chunks that have been
-        * compressed. */
-       msg = shared_queue_get(ctx->compressed_res_queue);
-       msg->complete = true;
-       --ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
-
-       /* Is this the next chunk in the current resource?  If it's not
-        * (i.e., an earlier chunk in a same or different resource
-        * hasn't been compressed yet), do nothing, and keep this
-        * message around until all earlier chunks are received.
-        *
-        * Otherwise, write all the chunks we can. */
-       while (cur_lte != NULL &&
-              !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list)
-              && (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
-                                     struct message,
-                                     list))->complete)
-       {
-               list_move(&msg->list, &ctx->available_msgs);
-               if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
-                       /* First set of chunks.  */
+       DEBUG("Copying raw compressed data (size_in_wim=%"PRIu64", "
+             "uncompressed_size=%"PRIu64")",
+             in_rspec->size_in_wim, in_rspec->uncompressed_size);
 
-                       /* Write pipable WIM stream header if needed.  */
-                       if (ctx->write_resource_flags &
-                           WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
-                       {
-                               ret = write_pwm_stream_header(cur_lte, ctx->out_fd,
-                                                             WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       return ret;
-                       }
+       /* Copy the raw data.  */
+       cur_read_offset = in_rspec->offset_in_wim;
+       end_read_offset = cur_read_offset + in_rspec->size_in_wim;
 
-                       /* Save current offset.  */
-                       ctx->res_start_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+       out_offset_in_wim = out_fd->offset;
 
-                       /* Begin building the chunk table, and leave space for
-                        * it if needed.  */
-                       ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
-                                                          ctx->out_fd,
-                                                          &ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
-                                                          ctx->write_resource_flags);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
+       if (in_rspec->is_pipable) {
+               if (cur_read_offset < sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+               cur_read_offset -= sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr);
+               out_offset_in_wim += sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr);
+       }
+       in_fd = &in_rspec->wim->in_fd;
+       wimlib_assert(cur_read_offset != end_read_offset);
+       do {
 
-               }
+               bytes_to_read = min(sizeof(buf), end_read_offset - cur_read_offset);
 
-               /* Write the compressed chunks from the message. */
-               ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, ctx->out_fd, ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
-                                      ctx->write_resource_flags);
+               ret = full_pread(in_fd, buf, bytes_to_read, cur_read_offset);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
 
-               /* Was this the last chunk of the stream?  If so, finish
-                * it. */
-               if (list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-                   msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == ctx->cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
-               {
-                       u64 res_csize;
-
-                       ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(ctx->cur_chunk_tab,
-                                                           ctx->out_fd,
-                                                           ctx->res_start_offset,
-                                                           ctx->write_resource_flags);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-
-                       list_del(&cur_lte->being_compressed_list);
-
-                       res_csize = ctx->out_fd->offset - ctx->res_start_offset;
-
-                       FREE(ctx->cur_chunk_tab);
-                       ctx->cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
-
-                       /* Check for resources compressed to greater than or
-                        * equal to their original size and write them
-                        * uncompressed instead.  (But never do this if writing
-                        * to a pipe.)  */
-                       if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte) &&
-                           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
-                       {
-                               DEBUG("Compressed %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes; "
-                                     "writing uncompressed instead",
-                                     wim_resource_size(cur_lte), res_csize);
-                               ret = seek_and_truncate(ctx->out_fd, ctx->res_start_offset);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       return ret;
-                               ret = write_wim_resource(cur_lte,
-                                                        ctx->out_fd,
-                                                        WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
-                                                        &cur_lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                                        ctx->write_resource_flags);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       return ret;
-                       } else {
-                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size =
-                                       res_csize;
-
-                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size =
-                                       cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-
-                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
-                                       ctx->res_start_offset;
+               ret = full_write(out_fd, buf, bytes_to_read);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
 
-                               cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
-                                       cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
-                                               WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+               cur_read_offset += bytes_to_read;
 
-                               DEBUG("Wrote compressed resource "
-                                     "(%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" bytes @ +%"PRIu64", flags=0x%02x)",
-                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size,
-                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size,
-                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset,
-                                     cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags);
-                       }
+       } while (cur_read_offset != end_read_offset);
 
-                       do_write_streams_progress(ctx->progress,
-                                                 ctx->progress_func,
-                                                 wim_resource_size(cur_lte),
-                                                 false);
-
-                       /* Since we just finished writing a stream, write any
-                        * streams that have been added to the serial_streams
-                        * list for direct writing by the main thread (e.g.
-                        * resources that don't need to be compressed because
-                        * the desired compression type is the same as the
-                        * previous compression type). */
-                       if (!list_empty(&ctx->serial_streams)) {
-                               ret = do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
-                                                                 ctx->lookup_table,
-                                                                 ctx->out_fd,
-                                                                 ctx->out_ctype,
-                                                                 ctx->write_resource_flags,
-                                                                 ctx->progress_func,
-                                                                 ctx->progress);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       return ret;
-                       }
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, &in_rspec->stream_list, rspec_node) {
+               if (lte->will_be_in_output_wim) {
+                       stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(lte);
+                       if (in_rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                               lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = out_offset_in_wim;
+                       else
+                               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = out_offset_in_wim;
 
-                       /* Advance to the next stream to write. */
-                       if (list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams)) {
-                               cur_lte = NULL;
-                       } else {
-                               cur_lte = container_of(ctx->outstanding_streams.next,
-                                                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                      being_compressed_list);
-                       }
                }
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Called when the main thread has read a new chunk of data. */
+/* Copy a list of raw compressed resources located other WIM file(s) to the WIM
+ * file being written.  */
 static int
-main_writer_thread_cb(const void *chunk, size_t chunk_size, void *_ctx)
+write_raw_copy_resources(struct list_head *raw_copy_resources,
+                        struct filedes *out_fd,
+                        struct write_streams_progress_data *progress_data)
 {
-       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        int ret;
-       struct message *next_msg;
-       u64 next_chunk_in_msg;
-
-       /* Update SHA1 message digest for the stream currently being read by the
-        * main thread. */
-       sha1_update(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, chunk, chunk_size);
-
-       /* We send chunks of data to the compressor chunks in batches which we
-        * refer to as "messages".  @next_msg is the message that is currently
-        * being prepared to send off.  If it is NULL, that indicates that we
-        * need to start a new message. */
-       next_msg = ctx->next_msg;
-       if (!next_msg) {
-               /* We need to start a new message.  First check to see if there
-                * is a message available in the list of available messages.  If
-                * so, we can just take one.  If not, all the messages (there is
-                * a fixed number of them, proportional to the number of
-                * threads) have been sent off to the compressor threads, so we
-                * receive messages from the compressor threads containing
-                * compressed chunks of data.
-                *
-                * We may need to receive multiple messages before one is
-                * actually available to use because messages received that are
-                * *not* for the very next set of chunks to compress must be
-                * buffered until it's time to write those chunks. */
-               while (list_empty(&ctx->available_msgs)) {
-                       ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
 
-               next_msg = container_of(ctx->available_msgs.next,
-                                       struct message, list);
-               list_del(&next_msg->list);
-               next_msg->complete = false;
-               next_msg->begin_chunk = ctx->next_chunk;
-               next_msg->num_chunks = min(MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG,
-                                          ctx->next_num_chunks - ctx->next_chunk);
-               ctx->next_msg = next_msg;
-       }
-
-       /* Fill in the next chunk to compress */
-       next_chunk_in_msg = ctx->next_chunk - next_msg->begin_chunk;
-
-       next_msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[next_chunk_in_msg] = chunk_size;
-       memcpy(next_msg->uncompressed_chunks[next_chunk_in_msg],
-              chunk, chunk_size);
-       ctx->next_chunk++;
-       if (++next_chunk_in_msg == next_msg->num_chunks) {
-               /* Send off an array of chunks to compress */
-               list_add_tail(&next_msg->list, &ctx->next_lte->msg_list);
-               shared_queue_put(ctx->res_to_compress_queue, next_msg);
-               ++ctx->num_outstanding_messages;
-               ctx->next_msg = NULL;
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, raw_copy_resources, write_streams_list) {
+               ret = write_raw_copy_resource(lte->rspec, out_fd);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               do_write_streams_progress(progress_data, lte->size, false, lte);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
+/* Wait for and write all chunks pending in the compressor.  */
 static int
-main_writer_thread_finish(void *_ctx)
+finish_remaining_chunks(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       const void *cdata;
+       unsigned csize;
+       unsigned usize;
        int ret;
-       while (ctx->num_outstanding_messages != 0) {
-               ret = receive_compressed_chunks(ctx);
+
+       if (ctx->compressor == NULL)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled != 0) {
+               ret = submit_chunk_for_compression(ctx, ctx->chunk_buf,
+                                                  ctx->chunk_buf_filled);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       while (ctx->compressor->get_chunk(ctx->compressor, &cdata, &csize, &usize)) {
+               ret = write_chunk(ctx, cdata, csize, usize);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
-       wimlib_assert(list_empty(&ctx->outstanding_streams));
-       return do_write_stream_list_serial(&ctx->serial_streams,
-                                          ctx->lookup_table,
-                                          ctx->out_fd,
-                                          ctx->out_ctype,
-                                          ctx->write_resource_flags,
-                                          ctx->progress_func,
-                                          ctx->progress);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-submit_stream_for_compression(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                             struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx)
+static void
+remove_zero_length_streams(struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
-       int ret;
-
-       /* Read the entire stream @lte, feeding its data chunks to the
-        * compressor threads.  Also SHA1-sum the stream; this is required in
-        * the case that @lte is unhashed, and a nice additional verification
-        * when @lte is already hashed. */
-       sha1_init(&ctx->next_sha_ctx);
-       ctx->next_chunk = 0;
-       ctx->next_num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(lte);
-       ctx->next_lte = lte;
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->msg_list);
-       list_add_tail(&lte->being_compressed_list, &ctx->outstanding_streams);
-       ret = read_resource_prefix(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
-                                  main_writer_thread_cb, ctx, 0);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       wimlib_assert(ctx->next_chunk == ctx->next_num_chunks);
-       return finalize_and_check_sha1(&ctx->next_sha_ctx, lte);
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               wimlib_assert(lte->will_be_in_output_wim);
+               if (lte->size == 0) {
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+                       lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
+/*
+ * Write a list of streams to the output WIM file.
+ *
+ * @stream_list
+ *     The list of streams to write, specifies a list of `struct
+ *     wim_lookup_table_entry's linked by the 'write_streams_list' member.
+ *
+ * @out_fd
+ *     The file descriptor, opened for writing, to which to write the streams.
+ *
+ * @write_resource_flags
+ *     Flags to modify how the streams are written:
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS:
+ *             Force compression of all resources, even if they could otherwise
+ *             be re-used by caping the raw data, due to being located in a WIM
+ *             file with compatible compression parameters.
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
+ *             Write the resources in the wimlib-specific pipable format, and
+ *             furthermore do so in such a way that no seeking backwards in
+ *             @out_fd will be performed (so it may be a pipe, contrary to the
+ *             default behavior).
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS:
+ *             Pack all the streams into a single resource rather than writing
+ *             them in separate resources.  This format is only valid if the
+ *             WIM version number is WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS.  This flag
+ *             currently may not be combined with WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE.
+ *
+ * @out_ctype
+ *     Compression format to use to write the output streams, specified as one
+ *     of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants, excepting
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_INVALID but including
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE.
+ *
+ * @out_chunk_size
+ *     Chunk size to use to write the streams.  It must be a valid chunk size
+ *     for the specified compression format @out_ctype, unless @out_ctype is
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE, in which case this parameter is ignored.
+ *
+ * @num_threads
+ *     Number of threads to use to compress data.  If 0, a default number of
+ *     threads will be chosen.  The number of threads still may be decreased
+ *     from the specified value if insufficient memory is detected.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table
+ *     If on-the-fly deduplication of unhashed streams is desired, this
+ *     parameter must be pointer to the lookup table for the WIMStruct on whose
+ *     behalf the streams are being written.  Otherwise, this parameter can be
+ *     NULL.
+ *
+ * @filter_ctx
+ *     If on-the-fly deduplication of unhashed streams is desired, this
+ *     parameter can be a pointer to a context for stream filtering used to
+ *     detect whether the duplicate stream has been hard-filtered or not.  If
+ *     no streams are hard-filtered or no streams are unhashed, this parameter
+ *     can be NULL.
+ *
+ * @progress_func
+ *     If non-NULL, a progress function that will be called periodically with
+ *     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS messages.  Note that on-the-fly
+ *     deduplication of unhashed streams may result in the total bytes provided
+ *     in the progress data to decrease from one message to the next.
+ *
+ * This function will write the streams in @stream_list to resources in
+ * consecutive positions in the output WIM file, or to a single packed resource
+ * if WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS was specified in @write_resource_flags.
+ * In both cases, the @out_reshdr of the `struct wim_lookup_table_entry' for
+ * each stream written will be updated to specify its location, size, and flags
+ * in the output WIM.  In the packed resource case,
+ * WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS shall be set in the @flags field of the
+ * @out_reshdr, and @out_res_offset_in_wim and @out_res_size_in_wim will also
+ * be set to the offset and size, respectively, in the output WIM of the full
+ * packed resource containing the corresponding stream.
+ *
+ * Each of the streams to write may be in any location supported by the
+ * resource-handling code (specifically, read_stream_list()), such as the
+ * contents of external file that has been logically added to the output WIM, or
+ * a stream in another WIM file that has been imported, or even stream in the
+ * "same" WIM file of which a modified copy is being written.  In the case that
+ * a stream is already in a WIM file and uses compatible compression parameters,
+ * by default this function will re-use the raw data instead of decompressing
+ * it, then recompressing it; however, with WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS
+ * specified in @write_resource_flags, this is not done.
+ *
+ * As a further requirement, this function requires that the
+ * @will_be_in_output_wim member be set on all streams in @stream_list as well
+ * as any other streams not in @stream_list that will be in the output WIM file,
+ * but not on any other streams in the output WIM's lookup table or sharing a
+ * packed resource with a stream in @stream_list.  Still furthermore, if
+ * on-the-fly deduplication of streams is possible, then all streams in
+ * @stream_list must also be linked by @lookup_table_list along with any other
+ * streams that have @will_be_in_output_wim set.
+ *
+ * This function handles on-the-fly deduplication of streams for which SHA1
+ * message digests have not yet been calculated and it is therefore known
+ * whether such streams are already in @stream_list or in the WIM's lookup table
+ * at all.  If @lookup_table is non-NULL, then each stream in @stream_list that
+ * has @unhashed set but not @unique_size set is checksummed immediately before
+ * it would otherwise be read for writing in order to determine if it is
+ * identical to another stream already being written or one that would be
+ * filtered out of the output WIM using stream_filtered() with the context
+ * @filter_ctx.  Each such duplicate stream will be removed from @stream_list, its
+ * reference count transfered to the pre-existing duplicate stream, its memory
+ * freed, and will not be written.  Alternatively, if a stream in @stream_list
+ * is a duplicate with any stream in @lookup_table that has not been marked for
+ * writing or would not be hard-filtered, it is freed and the pre-existing
+ * duplicate is written instead, taking ownership of the reference count and
+ * slot in the @lookup_table_list.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if all streams were written successfully (or did not need to be
+ * written); otherwise a non-zero error code.
+ */
 static int
-main_thread_process_next_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
+write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                 struct filedes *out_fd,
+                 int write_resource_flags,
+                 int out_ctype,
+                 u32 out_chunk_size,
+                 unsigned num_threads,
+                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                 struct filter_context *filter_ctx,
+                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       struct main_writer_thread_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        int ret;
+       struct write_streams_ctx ctx;
+       struct list_head raw_copy_resources;
 
-       if (wim_resource_size(lte) < 1000 ||
-           ctx->out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
-           (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-            !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS) &&
-            lte->wim->compression_type == ctx->out_ctype))
-       {
-               /* Stream is too small or isn't being compressed.  Process it by
-                * the main thread when we have a chance.  We can't necessarily
-                * process it right here, as the main thread could be in the
-                * middle of writing a different stream. */
-               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &ctx->serial_streams);
-               lte->deferred = 1;
-               ret = 0;
-       } else {
-               ret = submit_stream_for_compression(lte, ctx);
+       wimlib_assert((write_resource_flags &
+                      (WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                       WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) !=
+                               (WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                                WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE));
+
+       remove_zero_length_streams(stream_list);
+
+       if (list_empty(stream_list)) {
+               DEBUG("No streams to write.");
+               return 0;
        }
-       lte->no_progress = 1;
-       return ret;
-}
 
-static long
-get_default_num_threads(void)
-{
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       return win32_get_number_of_processors();
-#else
-       return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
-#endif
-}
+       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
 
-/* Equivalent to write_stream_list_serial(), except this takes a @num_threads
- * parameter and will perform compression using that many threads.  Falls
- * back to write_stream_list_serial() on certain errors, such as a failure to
- * create the number of threads requested.
- *
- * High level description of the algorithm for writing compressed streams in
- * parallel:  We perform compression on chunks of size WIM_CHUNK_SIZE bytes
- * rather than on full files.  The currently executing thread becomes the main
- * thread and is entirely in charge of reading the data to compress (which may
- * be in any location understood by the resource code--- such as in an external
- * file being captured, or in another WIM file from which an image is being
- * exported) and actually writing the compressed data to the output file.
- * Additional threads are "compressor threads" and all execute the
- * compressor_thread_proc, where they repeatedly retrieve buffers of data from
- * the main thread, compress them, and hand them back to the main thread.
- *
- * Certain streams, such as streams that do not need to be compressed (e.g.
- * input compression type same as output compression type) or streams of very
- * small size are placed in a list (main_writer_thread_ctx.serial_list) and
- * handled entirely by the main thread at an appropriate time.
- *
- * At any given point in time, multiple streams may be having chunks compressed
- * concurrently.  The stream that the main thread is currently *reading* may be
- * later in the list that the stream that the main thread is currently
- * *writing*.
- */
-static int
-write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                          struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                          struct filedes *out_fd,
-                          int out_ctype,
-                          int write_resource_flags,
-                          wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
-                          unsigned num_threads)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct shared_queue res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue compressed_res_queue;
-       pthread_t *compressor_threads = NULL;
-
-       if (num_threads == 0) {
-               long nthreads = get_default_num_threads();
-               if (nthreads < 1 || nthreads > UINT_MAX) {
-                       WARNING("Could not determine number of processors! Assuming 1");
-                       goto out_serial;
-               } else if (nthreads == 1) {
-                       goto out_serial_quiet;
+       /* Pre-sorting the streams is required for compute_stream_list_stats().
+        * Afterwards, read_stream_list() need not sort them again.  */
+       ret = sort_stream_list_by_sequential_order(stream_list,
+                                                  offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                           write_streams_list));
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
+       ctx.lookup_table = lookup_table;
+       ctx.out_ctype = out_ctype;
+       ctx.out_chunk_size = out_chunk_size;
+       ctx.write_resource_flags = write_resource_flags;
+       ctx.filter_ctx = filter_ctx;
+
+       if (out_chunk_size != 0) {
+               if (out_chunk_size <= STACK_MAX) {
+                       ctx.chunk_buf = alloca(out_chunk_size);
                } else {
-                       num_threads = nthreads;
+                       ctx.chunk_buf = MALLOC(out_chunk_size);
+                       if (ctx.chunk_buf == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_destroy_context;
+                       }
                }
        }
+       ctx.chunk_buf_filled = 0;
 
-       DEBUG("Writing stream list of size %"PRIu64" "
-             "(parallel version, num_threads=%u)",
-             progress->write_streams.total_streams, num_threads);
+       compute_stream_list_stats(stream_list, &ctx);
 
-       progress->write_streams.num_threads = num_threads;
+       ctx.progress_data.progress_func = progress_func;
 
-       static const size_t MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2;
-       size_t queue_size = (size_t)(num_threads * MESSAGES_PER_THREAD);
+       ctx.num_bytes_to_compress = find_raw_copy_resources(stream_list,
+                                                           write_resource_flags,
+                                                           out_ctype,
+                                                           out_chunk_size,
+                                                           &raw_copy_resources);
 
-       DEBUG("Initializing shared queues (queue_size=%zu)", queue_size);
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list "
+             "(offset = %"PRIu64", write_resource_flags=0x%08x, "
+             "out_ctype=%d, out_chunk_size=%u, num_threads=%u, "
+             "total_bytes=%"PRIu64", num_bytes_to_compress=%"PRIu64")",
+             out_fd->offset, write_resource_flags,
+             out_ctype, out_chunk_size, num_threads,
+             ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_bytes,
+             ctx.num_bytes_to_compress);
 
-       ret = shared_queue_init(&res_to_compress_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_serial;
+       if (ctx.num_bytes_to_compress == 0) {
+               DEBUG("No compression needed; skipping to raw copy!");
+               goto out_write_raw_copy_resources;
+       }
 
-       ret = shared_queue_init(&compressed_res_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue;
+       /* Unless uncompressed output was required, allocate a chunk_compressor
+        * to do compression.  There are serial and parallel implementations of
+        * the chunk_compressor interface.  We default to parallel using the
+        * specified number of threads, unless the upper bound on the number
+        * bytes needing to be compressed is less 2000000 (heuristic value).  */
+       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
 
-       struct compressor_thread_params params;
-       params.res_to_compress_queue = &res_to_compress_queue;
-       params.compressed_res_queue = &compressed_res_queue;
-       params.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
+               if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZMS &&
+                   ctx.lookup_table != NULL) {
+                       WARNING("LZMS compression not implemented; data will "
+                               "actually be written uncompressed.");
+               }
 
-       compressor_threads = MALLOC(num_threads * sizeof(pthread_t));
-       if (!compressor_threads) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_destroy_compressed_res_queue;
-       }
+       #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
+               if (ctx.num_bytes_to_compress >= 2000000) {
+                       ret = new_parallel_chunk_compressor(out_ctype,
+                                                           out_chunk_size,
+                                                           num_threads, 0,
+                                                           &ctx.compressor);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               DEBUG("Couldn't create parallel chunk compressor "
+                                     "(status %d)", ret);
+                       }
+               }
+       #endif
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u of %u", i + 1, num_threads);
-               ret = pthread_create(&compressor_threads[i], NULL,
-                                    compressor_thread_proc, &params);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       ret = -1;
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create compressor "
-                                        "thread %u of %u",
-                                        i + 1, num_threads);
-                       num_threads = i;
-                       goto out_join;
+               if (ctx.compressor == NULL) {
+                       ret = new_serial_chunk_compressor(out_ctype, out_chunk_size,
+                                                         &ctx.compressor);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_destroy_context;
                }
        }
 
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-
-       struct main_writer_thread_ctx ctx;
-       ctx.stream_list           = stream_list;
-       ctx.lookup_table          = lookup_table;
-       ctx.out_fd                = out_fd;
-       ctx.out_ctype             = out_ctype;
-       ctx.res_to_compress_queue = &res_to_compress_queue;
-       ctx.compressed_res_queue  = &compressed_res_queue;
-       ctx.num_messages          = queue_size;
-       ctx.write_resource_flags  = write_resource_flags;
-       ctx.progress_func         = progress_func;
-       ctx.progress              = progress;
-       ret = main_writer_thread_init_ctx(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.compressor)
+               ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads = ctx.compressor->num_threads;
+       else
+               ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads = 1;
+
+       DEBUG("Actually using %u threads",
+             ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads);
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.pending_streams);
+
+       if (ctx.progress_data.progress_func) {
+               (*ctx.progress_data.progress_func)(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
+                                                  &ctx.progress_data.progress);
+       }
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               ret = begin_write_resource(&ctx, ctx.num_bytes_to_compress);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_context;
+       }
+
+       /* Read the list of streams needing to be compressed, using the
+        * specified callbacks to execute processing of the data.  */
+
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+               .begin_stream           = write_stream_begin_read,
+               .begin_stream_ctx       = &ctx,
+               .consume_chunk          = write_stream_process_chunk,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx      = &ctx,
+               .end_stream             = write_stream_end_read,
+               .end_stream_ctx         = &ctx,
+       };
+
+       ret = read_stream_list(stream_list,
+                              offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list),
+                              &cbs,
+                              STREAM_LIST_ALREADY_SORTED |
+                                       VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES |
+                                       COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES);
+
        if (ret)
-               goto out_join;
-       ret = do_write_stream_list(stream_list, lookup_table,
-                                  main_thread_process_next_stream,
-                                  &ctx, progress_func, progress);
+               goto out_destroy_context;
+
+       ret = finish_remaining_chunks(&ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_destroy_ctx;
-
-       /* The main thread has finished reading all streams that are going to be
-        * compressed in parallel, and it now needs to wait for all remaining
-        * chunks to be compressed so that the remaining streams can actually be
-        * written to the output file.  Furthermore, any remaining streams that
-        * had processing deferred to the main thread need to be handled.  These
-        * tasks are done by the main_writer_thread_finish() function. */
-       ret = main_writer_thread_finish(&ctx);
-out_destroy_ctx:
-       main_writer_thread_destroy_ctx(&ctx);
-out_join:
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
-               shared_queue_put(&res_to_compress_queue, NULL);
-
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               if (pthread_join(compressor_threads[i], NULL)) {
-                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to join compressor "
-                                          "thread %u of %u",
-                                          i + 1, num_threads);
-               }
-       }
-       FREE(compressor_threads);
-out_destroy_compressed_res_queue:
-       shared_queue_destroy(&compressed_res_queue);
-out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue:
-       shared_queue_destroy(&res_to_compress_queue);
-       if (ret >= 0 && ret != WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM)
-               return ret;
-out_serial:
-       WARNING("Falling back to single-threaded compression");
-out_serial_quiet:
-       return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                       lookup_table,
-                                       out_fd,
-                                       out_ctype,
-                                       write_resource_flags,
-                                       progress_func,
-                                       progress);
+               goto out_destroy_context;
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               u64 offset_in_res;
 
+               ret = end_write_resource(&ctx, &reshdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_context;
+
+               DEBUG("Ending packed resource: %lu %lu %lu.",
+                     reshdr.offset_in_wim,
+                     reshdr.size_in_wim,
+                     reshdr.uncompressed_size);
+
+               offset_in_res = 0;
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx.pending_streams, write_streams_list) {
+                       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = offset_in_res;
+                       lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = reshdr.offset_in_wim;
+                       lte->out_res_size_in_wim = reshdr.size_in_wim;
+                       /*lte->out_res_uncompressed_size = reshdr.uncompressed_size;*/
+                       offset_in_res += lte->size;
+               }
+               wimlib_assert(offset_in_res == reshdr.uncompressed_size);
+       }
+
+out_write_raw_copy_resources:
+       /* Copy any compressed resources for which the raw data can be reused
+        * without decompression.  */
+       ret = write_raw_copy_resources(&raw_copy_resources, ctx.out_fd,
+                                      &ctx.progress_data);
+
+out_destroy_context:
+       if (out_chunk_size > STACK_MAX)
+               FREE(ctx.chunk_buf);
+       FREE(ctx.chunk_csizes);
+       if (ctx.compressor)
+               ctx.compressor->destroy(ctx.compressor);
+       DEBUG("Done (ret=%d)", ret);
+       return ret;
 }
-#endif
 
-/*
- * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fd) using the compression type
- * @out_ctype and up to @num_threads compressor threads.
- */
 static int
-write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                 struct filedes *out_fd, int out_ctype, int write_flags,
-                 unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                  struct filedes *out_fd,
+                  int out_ctype,
+                  u32 out_chunk_size,
+                  int write_resource_flags)
+{
+       LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
+       list_add(&lte->write_streams_list, &stream_list);
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+       return write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+                                out_fd,
+                                write_resource_flags & ~WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS,
+                                out_ctype,
+                                out_chunk_size,
+                                1,
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL);
+}
+
+int
+write_wim_resource_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                              int reshdr_flags, struct filedes *out_fd,
+                              int out_ctype,
+                              u32 out_chunk_size,
+                              struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr,
+                              u8 *hash,
+                              int write_resource_flags)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       size_t num_streams = 0;
-       u64 total_bytes = 0;
-       u64 total_compression_bytes = 0;
-       union wimlib_progress_info progress;
        int ret;
-       int write_resource_flags;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       if (list_empty(stream_list))
-               return 0;
+       /* Set up a temporary lookup table entry to provide to
+        * write_wim_resource().  */
 
-       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
+       lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (lte == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       DEBUG("write_resource_flags=0x%08x", write_resource_flags);
+       lte->resource_location  = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
+       lte->attached_buffer    = (void*)buf;
+       lte->size               = buf_size;
+       lte->flags              = reshdr_flags;
 
-       /* Calculate the total size of the streams to be written.  Note: this
-        * will be the uncompressed size, as we may not know the compressed size
-        * yet, and also this will assume that every unhashed stream will be
-        * written (which will not necessarily be the case). */
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
-               num_streams++;
-               total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-               if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
-                      && (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) != out_ctype ||
-                          (write_resource_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
-               {
-                       total_compression_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-               }
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               sha1_buffer(buf, buf_size, lte->hash);
+               lte->unhashed = 0;
+       } else {
+               lte->unhashed = 1;
        }
-       progress.write_streams.total_bytes       = total_bytes;
-       progress.write_streams.total_streams     = num_streams;
-       progress.write_streams.completed_bytes   = 0;
-       progress.write_streams.completed_streams = 0;
-       progress.write_streams.num_threads       = num_threads;
-       progress.write_streams.compression_type  = out_ctype;
-       progress.write_streams._private          = 0;
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-       if (total_compression_bytes >= 2000000 && num_threads != 1)
-               ret = write_stream_list_parallel(stream_list,
-                                                lookup_table,
-                                                out_fd,
-                                                out_ctype,
-                                                write_resource_flags,
-                                                progress_func,
-                                                &progress,
-                                                num_threads);
-       else
-#endif
-               ret = write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                              lookup_table,
-                                              out_fd,
-                                              out_ctype,
-                                              write_resource_flags,
-                                              progress_func,
-                                              &progress);
-       if (ret == 0)
-               DEBUG("Successfully wrote stream list.");
-       else
-               DEBUG("Failed to write stream list.");
+
+       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, out_fd, out_ctype, out_chunk_size,
+                                write_resource_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_free_lte;
+
+       copy_reshdr(out_reshdr, &lte->out_reshdr);
+
+       if (hash)
+               copy_hash(hash, lte->hash);
+       ret = 0;
+out_free_lte:
+       lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1645,7 +1573,7 @@ static int
 init_stream_size_table(struct stream_size_table *tab, size_t capacity)
 {
        tab->array = CALLOC(capacity, sizeof(tab->array[0]));
-       if (!tab->array)
+       if (tab->array == NULL)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        tab->num_entries = 0;
        tab->capacity = capacity;
@@ -1666,10 +1594,10 @@ stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *same_size_lte;
        struct hlist_node *tmp;
 
-       pos = hash_u64(wim_resource_size(lte)) % tab->capacity;
+       pos = hash_u64(lte->size) % tab->capacity;
        lte->unique_size = 1;
        hlist_for_each_entry(same_size_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
-               if (wim_resource_size(same_size_lte) == wim_resource_size(lte)) {
+               if (same_size_lte->size == lte->size) {
                        lte->unique_size = 0;
                        same_size_lte->unique_size = 0;
                        break;
@@ -1681,237 +1609,352 @@ stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
        return 0;
 }
 
-
-struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args {
+struct find_streams_ctx {
        WIMStruct *wim;
-       off_t end_offset;
+       int write_flags;
        struct list_head stream_list;
        struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
 };
 
-/* First phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
- * on all streams, both hashed and unhashed, except the metadata resources. */
+static void
+reference_stream_for_write(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                          struct list_head *stream_list, u32 nref)
+{
+       if (!lte->will_be_in_output_wim) {
+               lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, stream_list);
+               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+       }
+       lte->out_refcnt += nref;
+}
+
+static int
+fully_reference_stream_for_write(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                                void *_stream_list)
+{
+       struct list_head *stream_list = _stream_list;
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+       reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list, lte->refcnt);
+       return 0;
+}
+
 static int
-lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
+inode_find_streams_to_reference(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                               const struct wim_lookup_table *table,
+                               struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       unsigned i;
 
-       wimlib_assert(!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA));
-       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM || lte->wim != args->wim)
-               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &args->stream_list);
-       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-       stream_size_table_insert(lte, &args->stream_size_tab);
+       wimlib_assert(inode->i_nlink > 0);
+
+       for (i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, table);
+               if (lte)
+                       reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list,
+                                                  inode->i_nlink);
+               else if (!is_zero_hash(inode_stream_hash(inode, i)))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_stream_set_not_in_output_wim(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ignore)
+{
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Second phase of preparing streams for an in-place overwrite.  This is called
- * on existing metadata resources and hashed streams, but not unhashed streams.
- *
- * NOTE: lte->output_resource_entry is in union with lte->hash_list_2, so
- * lte_overwrite_prepare_2() must be called after lte_overwrite_prepare(), as
- * the latter uses lte->hash_list_2, while the former expects to set
- * lte->output_resource_entry. */
 static int
-lte_overwrite_prepare_2(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_args)
+image_find_streams_to_reference(WIMStruct *wim)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = _args;
+       struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->wim == args->wim) {
-               /* We can't do an in place overwrite on the WIM if there are
-                * streams after the XML data. */
-               if (lte->resource_entry.offset +
-                   lte->resource_entry.size > args->end_offset)
-               {
-                       if (wimlib_print_errors) {
-                               ERROR("The following resource is after the XML data:");
-                               print_lookup_table_entry(lte, stderr);
-                       }
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
-               }
-               copy_resource_entry(&lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                   &lte->resource_entry);
+       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(wim);
+
+       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+
+       stream_list = wim->private;
+       image_for_each_inode(inode, imd) {
+               ret = inode_find_streams_to_reference(inode,
+                                                     wim->lookup_table,
+                                                     stream_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Given a WIM that we are going to overwrite in place with zero or more
- * additional streams added, construct a list the list of new unique streams
- * ('struct wim_lookup_table_entry's) that must be written, plus any unhashed
- * streams that need to be added but may be identical to other hashed or
- * unhashed streams.  These unhashed streams are checksummed while the streams
- * are being written.  To aid this process, the member @unique_size is set to 1
- * on streams that have a unique size and therefore must be written.
- *
- * The out_refcnt member of each 'struct wim_lookup_table_entry' is set to
- * indicate the number of times the stream is referenced in only the streams
- * that are being written; this may still be adjusted later when unhashed
- * streams are being resolved.
- */
 static int
-prepare_streams_for_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
-                             struct list_head *stream_list)
+prepare_unfiltered_list_of_streams_in_output_wim(WIMStruct *wim,
+                                                int image,
+                                                int streams_ok,
+                                                struct list_head *stream_list_ret)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args args;
-       unsigned i;
 
-       args.wim = wim;
-       args.end_offset = end_offset;
-       ret = init_stream_size_table(&args.stream_size_tab,
-                                    wim->lookup_table->capacity);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list_ret);
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&args.stream_list);
-       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+       if (streams_ok && (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES ||
+                          (image == 1 && wim->hdr.image_count == 1)))
+       {
+               /* Fast case:  Assume that all streams are being written and
+                * that the reference counts are correct.  */
                struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               unsigned i;
 
-               imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
-               image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
-                       lte_overwrite_prepare(lte, &args);
-       }
-       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
-       list_transfer(&args.stream_list, stream_list);
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      fully_reference_stream_for_write,
+                                      stream_list_ret);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               ret = lte_overwrite_prepare_2(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte,
-                                             &args);
+               for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+                       imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
+                       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+                               fully_reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list_ret);
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* Slow case:  Walk through the images being written and
+                * determine the streams referenced.  */
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      do_stream_set_not_in_output_wim, NULL);
+               wim->private = stream_list_ret;
+               ret = for_image(wim, image, image_find_streams_to_reference);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_destroy_stream_size_table;
+                       return ret;
        }
-       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                    lte_overwrite_prepare_2, &args);
-out_destroy_stream_size_table:
-       destroy_stream_size_table(&args.stream_size_tab);
-       return ret;
-}
 
+       return 0;
+}
 
-struct find_streams_ctx {
-       struct list_head stream_list;
-       struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
+struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx {
+       struct stream_size_table *tab;
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
 };
 
-static void
-inode_find_streams_to_write(struct wim_inode *inode,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *table,
-                           struct list_head *stream_list,
-                           struct stream_size_table *tab)
+static int
+insert_other_if_hard_filtered(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, table);
-               if (lte) {
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
-                               if (lte->unhashed)
-                                       stream_size_table_insert(lte, tab);
-                               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, stream_list);
-                       }
-                       lte->out_refcnt += inode->i_nlink;
-               }
-       }
+       struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (!lte->will_be_in_output_wim &&
+           stream_hard_filtered(lte, ctx->filter_ctx))
+               stream_size_table_insert(lte, ctx->tab);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-image_find_streams_to_write(WIMStruct *wim)
+determine_stream_size_uniquity(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                              struct wim_lookup_table *lt,
+                              struct filter_context *filter_ctx)
 {
-       struct find_streams_ctx *ctx;
-       struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
-       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       int ret;
+       struct stream_size_table tab;
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       ctx = wim->private;
-       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(wim);
+       ret = init_stream_size_table(&tab, lt->capacity);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (may_hard_filter_streams(filter_ctx)) {
+               struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx ctx = {
+                       .tab = &tab,
+                       .filter_ctx = filter_ctx,
+               };
+               for_lookup_table_entry(lt, insert_other_if_hard_filtered, &ctx);
+       }
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
+               stream_size_table_insert(lte, &tab);
+
+       destroy_stream_size_table(&tab);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+filter_stream_list_for_write(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                            struct filter_context *filter_ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
 
-       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
-               lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp,
+                                stream_list, write_streams_list)
+       {
+               int status = stream_filtered(lte, filter_ctx);
 
-       /* Go through this image's inodes to find any streams that have not been
-        * found yet. */
-       image_for_each_inode(inode, imd) {
-               inode_find_streams_to_write(inode, wim->lookup_table,
-                                           &ctx->stream_list,
-                                           &ctx->stream_size_tab);
+               if (status == 0) {
+                       /* Not filtered.  */
+                       continue;
+               } else {
+                       if (status > 0) {
+                               /* Soft filtered.  */
+                       } else {
+                               /* Hard filtered.  */
+                               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+                               list_del(&lte->lookup_table_list);
+                       }
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               }
        }
-       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Given a WIM that from which one or all of the images is being written, build
- * the list of unique streams ('struct wim_lookup_table_entry's) that must be
- * written, plus any unhashed streams that need to be written but may be
- * identical to other hashed or unhashed streams being written.  These unhashed
- * streams are checksummed while the streams are being written.  To aid this
- * process, the member @unique_size is set to 1 on streams that have a unique
- * size and therefore must be written.
+/*
+ * prepare_stream_list_for_write() -
+ *
+ * Prepare the list of streams to write for writing a WIM containing the
+ * specified image(s) with the specified write flags.
+ *
+ * @wim
+ *     The WIMStruct on whose behalf the write is occurring.
+ *
+ * @image
+ *     Image(s) from the WIM to write; may be WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES.
+ *
+ * @write_flags
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_* flags for the write operation:
+ *
+ *     STREAMS_OK:  For writes of all images, assume that all streams in the
+ *     lookup table of @wim and the per-image lists of unhashed streams should
+ *     be taken as-is, and image metadata should not be searched for
+ *     references.  This does not exclude filtering with OVERWRITE and
+ *     SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS, below.
  *
- * The out_refcnt member of each 'struct wim_lookup_table_entry' is set to
- * indicate the number of times the stream is referenced in only the streams
- * that are being written; this may still be adjusted later when unhashed
- * streams are being resolved.
+ *     OVERWRITE:  Streams already present in @wim shall not be returned in
+ *     @stream_list_ret.
+ *
+ *     SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS:  Streams already present in a WIM file, but not
+ *     @wim, shall be be returned in neither @stream_list_ret nor
+ *     @lookup_table_list_ret.
+ *
+ * @stream_list_ret
+ *     List of streams, linked by write_streams_list, that need to be written
+ *     will be returned here.
+ *
+ *     Note that this function assumes that unhashed streams will be written;
+ *     it does not take into account that they may become duplicates when
+ *     actually hashed.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table_list_ret
+ *     List of streams, linked by lookup_table_list, that need to be included
+ *     in the WIM's lookup table will be returned here.  This will be a
+ *     superset of the streams in @stream_list_ret.
+ *
+ *     This list will be a proper superset of @stream_list_ret if and only if
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE was specified in @write_flags and some of
+ *     the streams that would otherwise need to be written were already located
+ *     in the WIM file.
+ *
+ *     All streams in this list will have @out_refcnt set to the number of
+ *     references to the stream in the output WIM.  If
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK was specified in @write_flags, @out_refcnt
+ *     may be as low as 0.
+ *
+ * @filter_ctx_ret
+ *     A context for queries of stream filter status with stream_filtered() is
+ *     returned in this location.
+ *
+ * In addition, @will_be_in_output_wim will be set to 1 in all stream entries
+ * inserted into @lookup_table_list_ret and to 0 in all stream entries in the
+ * lookup table of @wim not inserted into @lookup_table_list_ret.
+ *
+ * Still furthermore, @unique_size will be set to 1 on all stream entries in
+ * @stream_list_ret that have unique size among all stream entries in
+ * @stream_list_ret and among all stream entries in the lookup table of @wim
+ * that are ineligible for being written due to filtering.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on read error, memory allocation error, or
+ * otherwise.
  */
 static int
-prepare_stream_list(WIMStruct *wim, int image, struct list_head *stream_list)
+prepare_stream_list_for_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
+                             int write_flags,
+                             struct list_head *stream_list_ret,
+                             struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret,
+                             struct filter_context *filter_ctx_ret)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct find_streams_ctx ctx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       DEBUG("Preparing list of streams to write for image %d.", image);
+       filter_ctx_ret->write_flags = write_flags;
+       filter_ctx_ret->wim = wim;
 
-       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
-       ret = init_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab,
-                                    wim->lookup_table->capacity);
+       ret = prepare_unfiltered_list_of_streams_in_output_wim(
+                               wim,
+                               image,
+                               write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK,
+                               stream_list_ret);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, stream_size_table_insert,
-                              &ctx.stream_size_tab);
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
-       wim->private = &ctx;
-       ret = for_image(wim, image, image_find_streams_to_write);
-       destroy_stream_size_table(&ctx.stream_size_tab);
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(lookup_table_list_ret);
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list_ret, write_streams_list)
+               list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list_ret);
+
+       ret = determine_stream_size_uniquity(stream_list_ret, wim->lookup_table,
+                                            filter_ctx_ret);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       list_transfer(&ctx.stream_list, stream_list);
+
+       if (may_filter_streams(filter_ctx_ret))
+               filter_stream_list_for_write(stream_list_ret, filter_ctx_ret);
+
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Writes the streams for the specified @image in @wim to @wim->out_fd.
- * Alternatively, if @stream_list_override is specified, it is taken to be the
- * list of streams to write (connected with 'write_streams_list') and @image is
- * ignored.  */
 static int
 write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
                  unsigned num_threads,
                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                 struct list_head *stream_list_override)
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+                 struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret)
 {
        int ret;
        struct list_head _stream_list;
        struct list_head *stream_list;
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct filter_context _filter_ctx;
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
 
-       if (stream_list_override) {
-               stream_list = stream_list_override;
-               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
-                       if (lte->refcnt)
-                               lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-                       else
-                               lte->out_refcnt = 1;
-               }
-       } else {
+       if (stream_list_override == NULL) {
+               /* Normal case: prepare stream list from image(s) being written.
+                */
                stream_list = &_stream_list;
-               ret = prepare_stream_list(wim, image, stream_list);
+               filter_ctx = &_filter_ctx;
+               ret = prepare_stream_list_for_write(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                                   stream_list,
+                                                   lookup_table_list_ret,
+                                                   filter_ctx);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
+       } else {
+               /* Currently only as a result of wimlib_split() being called:
+                * use stream list already explicitly provided.  Use existing
+                * reference counts.  */
+               stream_list = stream_list_override;
+               filter_ctx = NULL;
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(lookup_table_list_ret);
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+                       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
+                       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+                       lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list_ret);
+               }
        }
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
-               lte->part_number = wim->hdr.part_number;
+
        return write_stream_list(stream_list,
-                                wim->lookup_table,
                                 &wim->out_fd,
-                                wim->compression_type,
-                                write_flags,
+                                write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags),
+                                wim->out_compression_type,
+                                wim->out_chunk_size,
                                 num_threads,
+                                wim->lookup_table,
+                                filter_ctx,
                                 progress_func);
 }
 
@@ -1924,11 +1967,15 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
        int end_image;
        int write_resource_flags;
 
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA) {
+               DEBUG("Not writing any metadata resources.");
                return 0;
+       }
 
        write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
+       write_resource_flags &= ~WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+
        DEBUG("Writing metadata resources (offset=%"PRIu64")",
              wim->out_fd.offset);
 
@@ -1947,14 +1994,26 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
                struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
 
                imd = wim->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               /* Build a new metadata resource only if image was modified from
+                * the original (or was newly added).  Otherwise just copy the
+                * existing one.  */
                if (imd->modified) {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was modified; building and writing new "
+                             "metadata resource", i);
                        ret = write_metadata_resource(wim, i,
                                                      write_resource_flags);
+               } else if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE) {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was not modified; re-using existing "
+                             "metadata resource.", i);
+                       stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(imd->metadata_lte);
+                       ret = 0;
                } else {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was not modified; copying existing "
+                             "metadata resource.", i);
                        ret = write_wim_resource(imd->metadata_lte,
                                                 &wim->out_fd,
-                                                wim->compression_type,
-                                                &imd->metadata_lte->output_resource_entry,
+                                                wim->out_compression_type,
+                                                wim->out_chunk_size,
                                                 write_resource_flags);
                }
                if (ret)
@@ -1965,10 +2024,125 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
        return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
+{
+       int raw_fd;
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%"TS"\" for writing.", path);
+
+       raw_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open \"%"TS"\" for writing", path);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
+       filedes_init(&wim->out_fd, raw_fd);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)) {
+               DEBUG("Closing WIM file.");
+               if (filedes_valid(&wim->out_fd))
+                       if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd))
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+       filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+cmp_streams_by_out_rspec(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte1, *lte2;
+
+       lte1 = *(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry**)p1;
+       lte2 = *(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry**)p2;
+
+       if (lte1->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+               if (lte2->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+                       if (lte1->out_res_offset_in_wim != lte2->out_res_offset_in_wim)
+                               return cmp_u64(lte1->out_res_offset_in_wim,
+                                              lte2->out_res_offset_in_wim);
+               } else {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (lte2->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                       return -1;
+       }
+       return cmp_u64(lte1->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim,
+                      lte2->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim);
+}
+
+static int
+write_wim_lookup_table(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                      struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr,
+                      struct list_head *lookup_table_list)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Set output resource metadata for streams already present in WIM.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list)
+               {
+                       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+                           lte->rspec->wim == wim)
+                       {
+                               stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(lte);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       ret = sort_stream_list(lookup_table_list,
+                              offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, lookup_table_list),
+                              cmp_streams_by_out_rspec);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Add entries for metadata resources.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)) {
+               int start_image;
+               int end_image;
+
+               if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+                       start_image = 1;
+                       end_image = wim->hdr.image_count;
+               } else {
+                       start_image = image;
+                       end_image = image;
+               }
+
+               /* Push metadata resource lookup table entries onto the front of
+                * the list in reverse order, so that they're written in order.
+                */
+               for (int i = end_image; i >= start_image; i--) {
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
+
+                       metadata_lte = wim->image_metadata[i - 1]->metadata_lte;
+                       wimlib_assert(metadata_lte->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA);
+                       metadata_lte->out_refcnt = 1;
+                       list_add(&metadata_lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return write_wim_lookup_table_from_stream_list(lookup_table_list,
+                                                      &wim->out_fd,
+                                                      wim->hdr.part_number,
+                                                      out_reshdr,
+                                                      write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags));
+}
+
 /*
+ * finish_write():
+ *
  * Finish writing a WIM file: write the lookup table, xml data, and integrity
- * table, then overwrite the WIM header.  Always closes the WIM file descriptor
- * (wim->out_fd).
+ * table, then overwrite the WIM header.  By default, closes the WIM file
+ * descriptor (@wim->out_fd) if successful.
  *
  * write_flags is a bitwise OR of the following:
  *
@@ -1978,7 +2152,7 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
  *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC:
  *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
  *
- *     (public)  WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
  *             Writing a pipable WIM, possibly to a pipe; include pipable WIM
  *             stream headers before the lookup table and XML data, and also
  *             write the WIM header at the end instead of seeking to the
@@ -2001,6 +2175,9 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
  *             Instead of overwriting the WIM header at the beginning of the
  *             file, simply append it to the end of the file.  (Used when
  *             writing to pipe.)
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR:
+ *             Do not close the file descriptor @wim->out_fd on either success
+ *             on failure.
  *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES:
  *             Use the existing <TOTALBYTES> stored in the in-memory XML
  *             information, rather than setting it to the offset of the XML
@@ -2009,7 +2186,7 @@ write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
 static int
 finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
             wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-            struct list_head *stream_list_override)
+            struct list_head *lookup_table_list)
 {
        int ret;
        off_t hdr_offset;
@@ -2018,6 +2195,8 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
        off_t new_lookup_table_end;
        u64 xml_totalbytes;
 
+       DEBUG("image=%d, write_flags=%08x", image, write_flags);
+
        write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
        /* In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
@@ -2026,22 +2205,22 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
         * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
         * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...  */
        if (wim->hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
-               zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
+               zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr);
        } else {
-               copy_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
-                           &wim->image_metadata[wim->hdr.boot_idx- 1
-                                       ]->metadata_lte->output_resource_entry);
+               copy_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr,
+                           &wim->image_metadata[
+                               wim->hdr.boot_idx - 1]->metadata_lte->out_reshdr);
        }
 
        /* Write lookup table.  (Save old position first.)  */
-       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
        if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
                ret = write_wim_lookup_table(wim, image, write_flags,
-                                            &wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry,
-                                            stream_list_override);
+                                            &wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr,
+                                            lookup_table_list);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_close_wim;
+                       return ret;
        }
 
        /* Write XML data.  */
@@ -2049,64 +2228,74 @@ finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
                xml_totalbytes = WIM_TOTALBYTES_USE_EXISTING;
        ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, xml_totalbytes,
-                                &wim->hdr.xml_res_entry,
+                                &wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr,
                                 write_resource_flags);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_close_wim;
+               return ret;
 
+       /* Write integrity table (optional).  */
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
                if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML) {
                        struct wim_header checkpoint_hdr;
                        memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
-                       zero_resource_entry(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity);
+                       zero_reshdr(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
                        checkpoint_hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
                        ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&checkpoint_hdr,
                                                         &wim->out_fd, 0);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out_close_wim;
+                               return ret;
                }
 
                if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE))
                        old_lookup_table_end = 0;
 
-               new_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                                      wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+               new_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                                      wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
 
                ret = write_integrity_table(wim,
                                            new_lookup_table_end,
                                            old_lookup_table_end,
                                            progress_func);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_close_wim;
+                       return ret;
        } else {
-               zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.integrity);
+               /* No integrity table.  */
+               zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
        }
 
+       /* Now that all information in the WIM header has been determined, the
+        * preliminary header written earlier can be overwritten, the header of
+        * the existing WIM file can be overwritten, or the final header can be
+        * written to the end of the pipable WIM.  */
        wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
        hdr_offset = 0;
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END)
                hdr_offset = wim->out_fd.offset;
+       DEBUG("Writing new header @ %"PRIu64".", hdr_offset);
        ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&wim->hdr, &wim->out_fd, hdr_offset);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_close_wim;
+               return ret;
 
+       /* Possibly sync file data to disk before closing.  On POSIX systems, it
+        * is necessary to do this before using rename() to overwrite an
+        * existing file with a new file.  Otherwise, data loss would occur if
+        * the system is abruptly terminated when the metadata for the rename
+        * operation has been written to disk, but the new file data has not.
+        */
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC) {
+               DEBUG("Syncing WIM file.");
                if (fsync(wim->out_fd.fd)) {
                        ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error syncing data to WIM file");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                       goto out_close_wim;
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
                }
        }
 
-       ret = 0;
-out_close_wim:
-       if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd)) {
+       if (close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags)) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the output WIM file");
-               if (ret == 0)
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
-       return ret;
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
@@ -2135,35 +2324,11 @@ lock_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int fd)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int
-open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
-{
-       int raw_fd;
-       DEBUG("Opening \"%"TS"\" for writing.", path);
-
-       raw_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
-       if (raw_fd < 0) { 
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open \"%"TS"\" for writing", path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-       }
-       filedes_init(&wim->out_fd, raw_fd);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-
-static void
-close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
-{
-       if (filedes_valid(&wim->out_fd)) {
-               if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd))
-                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close output WIM");
-               filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
-       }
-}
-
 /*
+ * write_pipable_wim():
+ *
  * Perform the intermediate stages of creating a "pipable" WIM (i.e. a WIM
- * capable of being applied from a pipe).  Such a WIM looks like:
+ * capable of being applied from a pipe).
  *
  * Pipable WIMs are a wimlib-specific modification of the WIM format such that
  * images can be applied from them sequentially when the file data is sent over
@@ -2172,7 +2337,7 @@ close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
  *
  * - Magic characters in header are "WLPWM\0\0\0" (wimlib pipable WIM) instead
  *   of "MSWIM\0\0\0".  This lets wimlib know that the WIM is pipable and also
- *   should stop other software from trying to read the file as a normal WIM.
+ *   stops other software from trying to read the file as a normal WIM.
  *
  * - The header at the beginning of the file does not contain all the normal
  *   information; in particular it will have all 0's for the lookup table and
@@ -2194,10 +2359,13 @@ close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
  *   uncompressed stream size, and flags that indicate whether the stream is
  *   compressed.  The data of uncompressed streams then follows literally, while
  *   the data of compressed streams follows in a modified format.  Compressed
- *   streams have no chunk table, since the chunk table cannot be written until
- *   all chunks have been compressed; instead, each compressed chunk is prefixed
- *   by a `struct pwm_chunk_hdr' that gives its size.  However, the offsets are
- *   given in the chunk table as if these chunk headers were not present.
+ *   streams do not begin with a chunk table, since the chunk table cannot be
+ *   written until all chunks have been compressed.  Instead, each compressed
+ *   chunk is prefixed by a `struct pwm_chunk_hdr' that gives its size.
+ *   Furthermore, the chunk table is written at the end of the resource instead
+ *   of the start.  Note: chunk offsets are given in the chunk table as if the
+ *   `struct pwm_chunk_hdr's were not present; also, the chunk table is only
+ *   used if the WIM is being read from a seekable file (not a pipe).
  *
  * - Metadata resources always come before other file resources (streams).
  *   (This does not by itself constitute an incompatibility with normal WIMs,
@@ -2214,15 +2382,20 @@ close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
  *
  *   Layout of pipable WIM:
  *
- * ----------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+------------+--------+
- * | Header  | XML data | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data   | Header |
- * ----------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+------------+--------+
+ * ---------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+-----------+--------+
+ * | Header | XML data | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data  | Header |
+ * ---------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+-----------+--------+
  *
  *   Layout of normal WIM:
  *
- * +---------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+
- * | Header  | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data |
- * +---------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+
+ * +--------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
+ * | Header | File and metadata resources | Lookup table | XML data |
+ * +--------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
+ *
+ * An optional integrity table can follow the final XML data in both normal and
+ * pipable WIMs.  However, due to implementation details, wimlib currently can
+ * only include an integrity table in a pipable WIM when writing it to a
+ * seekable file (not a pipe).
  *
  * Do note that since pipable WIMs are not supported by Microsoft's software,
  * wimlib does not create them unless explicitly requested (with
@@ -2232,10 +2405,11 @@ close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim)
 static int
 write_pipable_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
                  unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                 struct list_head *stream_list_override)
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+                 struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct resource_entry xml_res_entry;
+       struct wim_reshdr xml_reshdr;
 
        WARNING("Creating a pipable WIM, which will "
                "be incompatible\n"
@@ -2258,8 +2432,8 @@ write_pipable_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
 
        /* Write extra copy of the XML data.  */
        ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, WIM_TOTALBYTES_OMIT,
-                                &xml_res_entry,
-                                WIMLIB_WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE);
+                                &xml_reshdr,
+                                WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
@@ -2273,7 +2447,8 @@ write_pipable_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
        /* Write streams needed for the image(s) being included in the output
         * WIM, or streams needed for the split WIM part.  */
        return write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
-                                progress_func, stream_list_override);
+                                progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                lookup_table_list_ret);
 
        /* The lookup table, XML data, and header at end are handled by
         * finish_write().  */
@@ -2295,7 +2470,7 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
 {
        int ret;
        struct wim_header hdr_save;
-       struct list_head lt_stream_list_override;
+       struct list_head lookup_table_list;
 
        if (total_parts == 1)
                DEBUG("Writing standalone WIM.");
@@ -2310,33 +2485,54 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
        else
                DEBUG("Path: \"%"TS"\"", (const tchar*)path_or_fd);
        DEBUG("Write flags: 0x%08x", write_flags);
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
                DEBUG("\tCHECK_INTEGRITY");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD)
                DEBUG("\tREBUILD");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
                DEBUG("\tRECOMPRESS");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC)
                DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE)
                DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_FLAG)
                DEBUG("\tIGNORE_READONLY_FLAG");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
                DEBUG("\tPIPABLE");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE)
+               DEBUG("\tNOT_PIPABLE");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               DEBUG("\tPACK_STREAMS");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)
+               DEBUG("\tNO_PACK_STREAMS");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
                DEBUG("\tFILE_DESCRIPTOR");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)
                DEBUG("\tNO_METADATA");
+
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
                DEBUG("\tUSE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES");
+
        if (num_threads == 0)
                DEBUG("Number of threads: autodetect");
        else
                DEBUG("Number of threads: %u", num_threads);
        DEBUG("Progress function: %s", (progress_func ? "yes" : "no"));
        DEBUG("Stream list:       %s", (stream_list_override ? "specified" : "autodetect"));
-       DEBUG("GUID:              %s", (guid ? "specified" : "generate new"));
+       DEBUG("GUID:              %s", ((guid || wim->guid_set_explicitly) ?
+                                       "specified" : "generate new"));
 
        /* Internally, this is always called with a valid part number and total
         * parts.  */
@@ -2348,9 +2544,12 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
             (image < 1 || image > wim->hdr.image_count))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
 
-       /* @wim must specify a standalone WIM.  */
-       if (wim->hdr.total_parts != 1)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_SPLIT_UNSUPPORTED;
+       /* If we need to write metadata resources, make sure the ::WIMStruct has
+        * the needed information attached (e.g. is not a resource-only WIM,
+        * such as a non-first part of a split WIM).  */
+       if (!wim_has_metadata(wim) &&
+           !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_METADATA_NOT_FOUND;
 
        /* Check for contradictory flags.  */
        if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
@@ -2365,19 +2564,45 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
                                    WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
        /* Save previous header, then start initializing the new one.  */
        memcpy(&hdr_save, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
 
-       /* Set default integrity and pipable flags.  */
+       /* Set default integrity, pipable, and packed stream flags.  */
        if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
                             WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE)))
-               if (wim_is_pipable(wim))
+               if (wim_is_pipable(wim)) {
+                       DEBUG("WIM is pipable; default to PIPABLE.");
                        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
+               }
 
        if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
                             WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
-               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim))
+               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim)) {
+                       DEBUG("Integrity table present; default to CHECK_INTEGRITY.");
                        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
+               }
+
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)))
+               if (wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+                       DEBUG("WIM version 3584; default to PACK_STREAMS.");
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+               }
+
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+                                   == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                                       WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               ERROR("Cannot specify both PIPABLE and PACK_STREAMS!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       }
 
        /* Set appropriate magic number.  */
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
@@ -2385,6 +2610,12 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
        else
                wim->hdr.magic = WIM_MAGIC;
 
+       /* Set appropriate version number.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS;
+       else
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_DEFAULT;
+
        /* Clear header flags that will be set automatically.  */
        wim->hdr.flags &= ~(WIM_HDR_FLAG_METADATA_ONLY          |
                            WIM_HDR_FLAG_RESOURCE_ONLY          |
@@ -2400,17 +2631,26 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
        wim->hdr.part_number = part_number;
        wim->hdr.total_parts = total_parts;
 
+       /* Set compression type if different.  */
+       if (wim->compression_type != wim->out_compression_type) {
+               ret = set_wim_hdr_cflags(wim->out_compression_type, &wim->hdr);
+               wimlib_assert(ret == 0);
+       }
+
+       /* Set chunk size if different.  */
+       wim->hdr.chunk_size = wim->out_chunk_size;
+
        /* Use GUID if specified; otherwise generate a new one.  */
        if (guid)
                memcpy(wim->hdr.guid, guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
-       else
+       else if (!wim->guid_set_explicitly)
                randomize_byte_array(wim->hdr.guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
 
        /* Clear references to resources that have not been written yet.  */
-       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
-       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.xml_res_entry);
-       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry);
-       zero_resource_entry(&wim->hdr.integrity);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
 
        /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes.  */
        if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
@@ -2462,22 +2702,12 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
        if (ret)
                goto out_restore_hdr;
 
-       if (stream_list_override) {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lt_stream_list_override);
-               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list_override,
-                                   write_streams_list)
-               {
-                       list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list,
-                                     &lt_stream_list_override);
-               }
-       }
-
        /* Write metadata resources and streams.  */
        if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
                /* Default case: create a normal (non-pipable) WIM.  */
                ret = write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
-                                       progress_func, stream_list_override);
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                       &lookup_table_list);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_restore_hdr;
 
@@ -2488,21 +2718,21 @@ write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
        } else {
                /* Non-default case: create pipable WIM.  */
                ret = write_pipable_wim(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
-                                       progress_func, stream_list_override);
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                       &lookup_table_list);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_restore_hdr;
                write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END;
        }
 
-       if (stream_list_override)
-               stream_list_override = &lt_stream_list_override;
 
        /* Write lookup table, XML data, and (optional) integrity table.  */
        ret = finish_write(wim, image, write_flags, progress_func,
-                          stream_list_override);
+                          &lookup_table_list);
 out_restore_hdr:
        memcpy(&wim->hdr, &hdr_save, sizeof(struct wim_header));
-       close_wim_writable(wim);
+       (void)close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags);
+       DEBUG("ret=%d", ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2556,6 +2786,40 @@ any_images_modified(WIMStruct *wim)
        return false;
 }
 
+static int
+check_resource_offset(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_wim)
+{
+       const WIMStruct *wim = _wim;
+       off_t end_offset = *(const off_t*)wim->private;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->rspec->wim == wim &&
+           lte->rspec->offset_in_wim + lte->rspec->size_in_wim > end_offset)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Make sure no file or metadata resources are located after the XML data (or
+ * integrity table if present)--- otherwise we can't safely overwrite the WIM in
+ * place and we return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER.  */
+static int
+check_resource_offsets(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset)
+{
+       int ret;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       wim->private = &end_offset;
+       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, check_resource_offset, wim);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               ret = check_resource_offset(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte, wim);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Overwrite a WIM, possibly appending streams to it.
  *
@@ -2619,35 +2883,62 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                      wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct list_head stream_list;
        off_t old_wim_end;
        u64 old_lookup_table_end, old_xml_begin, old_xml_end;
-
+       struct wim_header hdr_save;
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct list_head lookup_table_list;
+       struct filter_context filter_ctx;
 
        DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", wim->filename);
 
+       /* Save original header so it can be restored in case of error  */
+       memcpy(&hdr_save, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+
        /* Set default integrity flag.  */
        if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
                             WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
                if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim))
                        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
 
+       /* Set default packed flag.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)))
+       {
+       #if 0
+               if (wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+       #endif
+               /* wimlib allows multiple packs in a single WIM, but they don't
+                * seem to be compatible with WIMGAPI.  Write new streams
+                * unpacked.  */
+       } else if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS;
+       }
+
+       /* Set additional flags for overwrite.  */
+       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE |
+                      WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK;
+
        /* Make sure that the integrity table (if present) is after the XML
         * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
         * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
         * overwritten. */
-       old_xml_begin = wim->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset;
-       old_xml_end = old_xml_begin + wim->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
-       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
-       if (wim->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 && wim->hdr.integrity.offset < old_xml_end) {
-               ERROR("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+       old_xml_begin = wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr.offset_in_wim;
+       old_xml_end = old_xml_begin + wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+       if (wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim != 0 &&
+           wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim < old_xml_end) {
+               WARNING("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
        }
 
        if (old_lookup_table_end > old_xml_begin) {
-               ERROR("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               WARNING("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
        }
 
        /* Set @old_wim_end, which indicates the point beyond which we don't
@@ -2665,79 +2956,91 @@ overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                old_wim_end = old_lookup_table_end;
                write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE |
                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML;
-       } else if (wim->hdr.integrity.offset) {
+       } else if (wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim != 0) {
                /* Old WIM has an integrity table; begin writing new streams
                 * after it. */
-               old_wim_end = wim->hdr.integrity.offset + wim->hdr.integrity.size;
+               old_wim_end = wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                             wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
        } else {
                /* No existing integrity table; begin writing new streams after
                 * the old XML data. */
                old_wim_end = old_xml_end;
        }
 
-       ret = prepare_streams_for_overwrite(wim, old_wim_end, &stream_list);
+       ret = check_resource_offsets(wim, old_wim_end);
        if (ret)
-               return ret;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
+
+       ret = prepare_stream_list_for_write(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
+                                           &stream_list, &lookup_table_list,
+                                           &filter_ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
 
        ret = open_wim_writable(wim, wim->filename, O_RDWR);
        if (ret)
-               return ret;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
 
        ret = lock_wim(wim, wim->out_fd.fd);
-       if (ret) {
-               close_wim_writable(wim);
-               return ret;
-       }
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
 
        /* Set WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS flag in header. */
-       ret = write_wim_header_flags(wim->hdr.flags | WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS,
-                                    &wim->out_fd);
+       wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       ret = write_wim_header_flags(wim->hdr.flags, &wim->out_fd);
        if (ret) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error updating WIM header flags");
-               close_wim_writable(wim);
                goto out_unlock_wim;
        }
 
        if (filedes_seek(&wim->out_fd, old_wim_end) == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't seek to end of WIM");
-               close_wim_writable(wim);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out_unlock_wim;
+               goto out_restore_physical_hdr;
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Writing newly added streams (offset = %"PRIu64")",
-             old_wim_end);
        ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list,
-                               wim->lookup_table,
                                &wim->out_fd,
+                               write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags),
                                wim->compression_type,
-                               write_flags,
+                               wim->chunk_size,
                                num_threads,
+                               wim->lookup_table,
+                               &filter_ctx,
                                progress_func);
        if (ret)
                goto out_truncate;
 
-       for (unsigned i = 1; i <= wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               if (wim->image_metadata[i - 1]->modified) {
-                       ret = write_metadata_resource(wim, i, 0);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_truncate;
-               }
-       }
+       ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
+                                          write_flags, progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
+
        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE;
        ret = finish_write(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
-                          progress_func, NULL);
+                          progress_func, &lookup_table_list);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
+
+       wim->wim_locked = 0;
+       return 0;
+
 out_truncate:
-       close_wim_writable(wim);
-       if (ret != 0 && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
                WARNING("Truncating `%"TS"' to its original size (%"PRIu64" bytes)",
                        wim->filename, old_wim_end);
-               /* Return value of truncate() is ignored because this is already
-                * an error path. */
-               (void)ttruncate(wim->filename, old_wim_end);
+               /* Return value of ftruncate() is ignored because this is
+                * already an error path.  */
+               (void)ftruncate(wim->out_fd.fd, old_wim_end);
        }
+out_restore_physical_hdr:
+       (void)write_wim_header_flags(hdr_save.flags, &wim->out_fd);
 out_unlock_wim:
        wim->wim_locked = 0;
+out_close_wim:
+       (void)close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags);
+out_restore_memory_hdr:
+       memcpy(&wim->hdr, &hdr_save, sizeof(struct wim_header));
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2762,18 +3065,28 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        ret = wimlib_write(wim, tmpfile, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
                           write_flags | WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC,
                           num_threads, progress_func);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_unlink;
+       if (ret) {
+               tunlink(tmpfile);
+               return ret;
+       }
 
        close_wim(wim);
 
+       /* Rename the new WIM file to the original WIM file.  Note: on Windows
+        * this actually calls win32_rename_replacement(), not _wrename(), so
+        * that removing the existing destination file can be handled.  */
        DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, wim->filename);
-       /* Rename the new file to the old file .*/
-       if (trename(tmpfile, wim->filename) != 0) {
+       ret = trename(tmpfile, wim->filename);
+       if (ret) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to rename `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'",
                                 tmpfile, wim->filename);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RENAME;
-               goto out_unlink;
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               if (ret < 0)
+       #endif
+               {
+                       tunlink(tmpfile);
+               }
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_RENAME;
        }
 
        if (progress_func) {
@@ -2783,11 +3096,43 @@ overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_RENAME, &progress);
        }
        return 0;
+}
 
-out_unlink:
-       /* Remove temporary file. */
-       tunlink(tmpfile);
-       return ret;
+/* Determine if the specified WIM file may be updated by appending in-place
+ * rather than writing and replacing it with an entirely new file.  */
+static bool
+can_overwrite_wim_inplace(const WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags)
+{
+       /* REBUILD flag forces full rebuild.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD)
+               return false;
+
+       /* Deletions cause full rebuild by default.  */
+       if (wim->deletion_occurred && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE))
+               return false;
+
+       /* Pipable WIMs cannot be updated in place, nor can a non-pipable WIM be
+        * turned into a pipable WIM in-place.  */
+       if (wim_is_pipable(wim) || (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               return false;
+
+       /* wimlib allows multiple packs in a single WIM, but they don't seem to
+        * be compatible with WIMGAPI, so force all streams to be repacked if
+        * the WIM already may have contained a pack and PACK_STREAMS was
+        * requested.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS &&
+           wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS)
+               return false;
+
+       /* The default compression type and compression chunk size selected for
+        * the output WIM must be the same as those currently used for the WIM.
+        */
+       if (wim->compression_type != wim->out_compression_type)
+               return false;
+       if (wim->chunk_size != wim->out_chunk_size)
+               return false;
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 /* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
@@ -2815,11 +3160,7 @@ wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       if ((!wim->deletion_occurred || (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE))
-           && !(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD |
-                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
-           && !(wim_is_pipable(wim)))
-       {
+       if (can_overwrite_wim_inplace(wim, write_flags)) {
                ret = overwrite_wim_inplace(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                                            progress_func);
                if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER)