]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/write.c
write_stream_list(): Write streams uncompressed when advantageous
[wimlib] / src / write.c
index 184489b1aecf249e97a5f35747bcaa520f26996d..0aacdf13e04fc57e5abd3574c7321a929201c99c 100644 (file)
  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
-#include "config.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
-/* On BSD, this should be included before "list.h" so that "list.h" can
+/* On BSD, this should be included before "wimlib/list.h" so that "wimlib/list.h" can
  * overwrite the LIST_HEAD macro. */
 #  include <sys/file.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "wimlib/chunk_compressor.h"
+#include "wimlib/endianness.h"
+#include "wimlib/error.h"
+#include "wimlib/file_io.h"
+#include "wimlib/header.h"
+#include "wimlib/integrity.h"
+#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/resource.h"
 #ifdef __WIN32__
-#  include "win32.h"
-#endif
-
-#include "list.h"
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
-#include "buffer_io.h"
-#include "dentry.h"
-#include "lookup_table.h"
-#include "xml.h"
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-#  include <pthread.h>
+#  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* win32_rename_replacement() */
 #endif
+#include "wimlib/write.h"
+#include "wimlib/xml.h"
 
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#  include <time.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/attrib.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/inode.h>
-#  include <ntfs-3g/dir.h>
-#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
 #  include <alloca.h>
-#else
-#  include <stdlib.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <limits.h>
+/* wimlib internal flags used when writing resources.  */
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS         0x00000001
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE            0x00000002
+#define WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS       0x00000004
 
-#if defined(__WIN32__) && !defined(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-#  define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ((HANDLE)(-1))
-#endif
+static inline int
+write_flags_to_resource_flags(int write_flags)
+{
+       int write_resource_flags = 0;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               write_resource_flags |= WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+       return write_resource_flags;
+}
+
+struct filter_context {
+       int write_flags;
+       WIMStruct *wim;
+};
 
+/* Determine specified stream should be filtered out from the write.
+ *
+ * Return values:
+ *
+ *  < 0 : The stream should be hard-filtered; that is, not included in the
+ *        output WIM at all.
+ *    0 : The stream should not be filtered out.
+ *  > 0 : The stream should be soft-filtered; that is, it already exists in the
+ *       WIM file and may not need to be written again.
+ */
 static int
-fflush_and_ftruncate(FILE *fp, off_t size)
+stream_filtered(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+               const struct filter_context *ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
+       int write_flags = ctx->write_flags;
+       WIMStruct *wim = ctx->wim;
 
-       ret = fflush(fp);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to flush data to output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE &&
+           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           lte->rspec->wim == wim)
+               return 1;
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS &&
+           lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           lte->rspec->wim != wim)
+               return -1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static bool
+stream_hard_filtered(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                    struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       return stream_filtered(lte, ctx) < 0;
+}
+
+static inline int
+may_soft_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       return ctx->write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE;
+}
+
+static inline int
+may_hard_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       if (ctx == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       return ctx->write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS;
+}
+
+static inline int
+may_filter_streams(const struct filter_context *ctx)
+{
+       return (may_soft_filter_streams(ctx) ||
+               may_hard_filter_streams(ctx));
+}
+
+
+/* Return true if the specified resource is compressed and the compressed data
+ * can be reused with the specified output parameters.  */
+static bool
+can_raw_copy(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+            int write_resource_flags, int out_ctype, u32 out_chunk_size)
+{
+       const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               return false;
+
+       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
+               return false;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               return false;
+
+       rspec = lte->rspec;
+
+       if (rspec->is_pipable != !!(write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               return false;
+
+
+       if (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
+               /* Normal compressed resource: Must use same compression type
+                * and chunk size.  */
+               return (rspec->wim->compression_type == out_ctype &&
+                       rspec->wim->chunk_size == out_chunk_size);
        }
-       ret = ftruncate(fileno(fp), size);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file to "
-                                "%"PRIu64" bytes", size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+
+       if ((rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) &&
+           (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               /* Packed resource: Such resources may contain multiple streams,
+                * and in general only a subset of them need to be written.  As
+                * a heuristic, re-use the raw data if at least half the
+                * uncompressed size is being written.  */
+
+               /* Note: packed resources contain a header that specifies the
+                * compression type and chunk size; therefore we don't need to
+                * check if they are compatible with @out_ctype and
+                * @out_chunk_size.  */
+
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *res_stream;
+               u64 write_size = 0;
+
+               list_for_each_entry(res_stream, &rspec->stream_list, rspec_node)
+                       if (res_stream->will_be_in_output_wim)
+                               write_size += res_stream->size;
+
+               return (write_size > rspec->uncompressed_size / 2);
        }
-       return 0;
+       return false;
 }
 
-/* Chunk table that's located at the beginning of each compressed resource in
- * the WIM.  (This is not the on-disk format; the on-disk format just has an
- * array of offsets.) */
-struct chunk_table {
-       off_t file_offset;
-       u64 num_chunks;
-       u64 original_resource_size;
-       u64 bytes_per_chunk_entry;
-       u64 table_disk_size;
-       u64 cur_offset;
-       u64 *cur_offset_p;
-       u64 offsets[0];
-};
+static u8
+filter_resource_flags(u8 flags)
+{
+       return (flags & ~(WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_SPANNED |
+                         WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_FREE));
+}
 
-/*
- * Allocates and initializes a chunk table, and reserves space for it in the
- * output file.
- */
+static void
+stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM);
+       rspec = lte->rspec;
+
+       if (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+
+               wimlib_assert(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS);
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = lte->offset_in_res;
+               lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+               lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+
+               lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+               lte->out_res_size_in_wim = rspec->size_in_wim;
+               /*lte->out_res_uncompressed_size = rspec->uncompressed_size;*/
+       } else {
+               wimlib_assert(!(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS));
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+               lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+               lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = rspec->size_in_wim;
+       }
+       lte->out_reshdr.flags = lte->flags;
+}
+
+
+/* Write the header for a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
 static int
-begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            FILE *out_fp,
-                            off_t file_offset,
-                            struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret)
-{
-       u64 size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-       u64 num_chunks = (size + WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-       size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
+write_pwm_stream_header(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       struct filedes *out_fd,
+                       int additional_reshdr_flags)
+{
+       struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+       u32 reshdr_flags;
        int ret;
 
-       if (!chunk_tab) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
-                     "resource", size);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       chunk_tab->file_offset = file_offset;
-       chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
-       chunk_tab->original_resource_size = size;
-       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry = (size >= (1ULL << 32)) ? 8 : 4;
-       chunk_tab->table_disk_size = chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry *
-                                    (num_chunks - 1);
-       chunk_tab->cur_offset = 0;
-       chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
-
-       if (fwrite(chunk_tab, 1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp) !=
-                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
+       stream_hdr.magic = cpu_to_le64(PWM_STREAM_MAGIC);
+       stream_hdr.uncompressed_size = cpu_to_le64(lte->size);
+       if (additional_reshdr_flags & PWM_RESHDR_FLAG_UNHASHED) {
+               zero_out_hash(stream_hdr.hash);
+       } else {
+               wimlib_assert(!lte->unhashed);
+               copy_hash(stream_hdr.hash, lte->hash);
        }
 
-       ret = 0;
-out:
-       *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
+       reshdr_flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+       reshdr_flags |= additional_reshdr_flags;
+       stream_hdr.flags = cpu_to_le32(reshdr_flags);
+       ret = full_write(out_fd, &stream_hdr, sizeof(stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * compress_func_t- Pointer to a function to compresses a chunk
- *                  of a WIM resource.  This may be either
- *                  wimlib_xpress_compress() (xpress-compress.c) or
- *                  wimlib_lzx_compress() (lzx-compress.c).
- *
- * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:          Size of the uncompressed chunk, in bytes.
- * @out:         Pointer to output buffer of size at least (@chunk_size - 1) bytes.
- *
- * Returns the size of the compressed data written to @out in bytes, or 0 if the
- * data could not be compressed to (@chunk_size - 1) bytes or fewer.
- *
- * As a special requirement, the compression code is optimized for the WIM
- * format and therefore requires (@chunk_size <= 32768).
- *
- * As another special requirement, the compression code will read up to 8 bytes
- * off the end of the @chunk array for performance reasons.  The values of these
- * bytes will not affect the output of the compression, but the calling code
- * must make sure that the buffer holding the uncompressed chunk is actually at
- * least (@chunk_size + 8) bytes, or at least that these extra bytes are in
- * mapped memory that will not cause a memory access violation if accessed.
- */
-typedef unsigned (*compress_func_t)(const void *chunk, unsigned chunk_size,
-                                   void *out);
+struct write_streams_progress_data {
+       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func;
+       union wimlib_progress_info progress;
+       uint64_t next_progress;
+       WIMStruct *prev_wim_part;
+};
+
+static void
+do_write_streams_progress(struct write_streams_progress_data *progress_data,
+                         u64 size,
+                         bool discarded,
+                         struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_stream)
+{
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &progress_data->progress;
+       bool new_wim_part;
+
+       if (discarded) {
+               progress->write_streams.total_bytes -= size;
+               if (progress_data->next_progress != ~(uint64_t)0 &&
+                   progress_data->next_progress > progress->write_streams.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       progress_data->next_progress = progress->write_streams.total_bytes;
+               }
+       } else {
+               progress->write_streams.completed_bytes += size;
+       }
+       new_wim_part = false;
+       if (cur_stream->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+           cur_stream->rspec->wim != progress_data->prev_wim_part)
+       {
+               if (progress_data->prev_wim_part) {
+                       new_wim_part = true;
+                       progress->write_streams.completed_parts++;
+               }
+               progress_data->prev_wim_part = cur_stream->rspec->wim;
+       }
+       progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
+       if (progress_data->progress_func
+           && (progress->write_streams.completed_bytes >= progress_data->next_progress
+               || new_wim_part))
+       {
+               progress_data->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
+                                            progress);
+               if (progress_data->next_progress == progress->write_streams.total_bytes) {
+                       progress_data->next_progress = ~(uint64_t)0;
+               } else {
+                       progress_data->next_progress =
+                               min(progress->write_streams.total_bytes,
+                                   progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +
+                                       progress->write_streams.total_bytes / 100);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+struct write_streams_ctx {
+       /* File descriptor the streams are being written to.  */
+       struct filedes *out_fd;
+
+       /* Lookup table for the WIMStruct on whose behalf the streams are being
+        * written.  */
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+
+       /* Compression format to use.  */
+       int out_ctype;
+
+       /* Maximum uncompressed chunk size in compressed resources to use.  */
+       u32 out_chunk_size;
+
+       /* Flags that affect how the streams will be written.  */
+       int write_resource_flags;
+
+       /* Data used for issuing WRITE_STREAMS progress.  */
+       struct write_streams_progress_data progress_data;
+
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
+
+       /* Upper bound on the total number of bytes that need to be compressed.
+        * */
+       u64 num_bytes_to_compress;
+
+       /* Pointer to the chunk_compressor implementation being used for
+        * compressing chunks of data, or NULL if chunks are being written
+        * uncompressed.  */
+       struct chunk_compressor *compressor;
+
+       /* Buffer for dividing the read data into chunks of size
+        * @out_chunk_size.  */
+       u8 *chunk_buf;
+
+       /* Number of bytes in @chunk_buf that are currently filled.  */
+       size_t chunk_buf_filled;
+
+       /* List of streams that currently have chunks being compressed.  */
+       struct list_head pending_streams;
+
+       /* Set to true if the stream currently being read was a duplicate, and
+        * therefore the corresponding stream entry needs to be freed once the
+        * read finishes.  (In this case we add the duplicate entry to
+        * pending_streams rather than the entry being read.)  */
+       bool stream_was_duplicate;
 
-compress_func_t
-get_compress_func(int out_ctype)
+       /* Current uncompressed offset in the resource being read.  */
+       u64 cur_read_res_offset;
+
+       /* Uncompressed size of the resource currently being read.  */
+       u64 cur_read_res_size;
+
+       /* Current uncompressed offset in the resource being written.  */
+       u64 cur_write_res_offset;
+
+       /* Uncompressed size of resource currently being written.  */
+       u64 cur_write_res_size;
+
+       /* Array that is filled in with compressed chunk sizes as a resource is
+        * being written.  */
+       u64 *chunk_csizes;
+
+       /* Index of next entry in @chunk_csizes to fill in.  */
+       size_t chunk_index;
+
+       /* Number of entries in @chunk_csizes currently allocated.  */
+       size_t num_alloc_chunks;
+
+       /* Offset in the output file of the start of the chunks of the resource
+        * currently being written.  */
+       u64 chunks_start_offset;
+};
+
+static u64
+get_chunk_entry_size(u64 res_size, int write_resource_flags)
 {
-       if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX)
-               return wimlib_lzx_compress;
+       if (res_size <= UINT32_MAX ||
+           (write_resource_flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS))
+               return 4;
        else
-               return wimlib_xpress_compress;
+               return 8;
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes a chunk of a WIM resource to an output file.
- *
- * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:          Size of the chunk (<= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE)
- * @out_fp:      FILE * to write tho chunk to.
- * @out_ctype:   Compression type to use when writing the chunk (ignored if no
- *                     chunk table provided)
- * @chunk_tab:   Pointer to chunk table being created.  It is updated with the
- *                     offset of the chunk we write.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
+/* Reserve space for the chunk table and prepare to accumulate the chunk table
+ * in memory.  */
 static int
-write_wim_resource_chunk(const u8 chunk[], unsigned chunk_size,
-                        FILE *out_fp, compress_func_t compress,
-                        struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
-{
-       const u8 *out_chunk;
-       unsigned out_chunk_size;
-       if (chunk_tab) {
-               u8 *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
-
-               out_chunk_size = compress(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk);
-               if (out_chunk_size) {
-                       /* Write compressed */
-                       out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
+begin_chunk_table(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_expected_size)
+{
+       u64 expected_num_chunks;
+       u64 expected_num_chunk_entries;
+       size_t reserve_size;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Calculate the number of chunks and chunk entries that should be
+        * needed for the resource.  These normally will be the final values,
+        * but in PACKED_STREAMS mode some of the streams we're planning to
+        * write into the resource may be duplicates, and therefore discarded,
+        * potentially decreasing the number of chunk entries needed.  */
+       expected_num_chunks = DIV_ROUND_UP(res_expected_size, ctx->out_chunk_size);
+       expected_num_chunk_entries = expected_num_chunks;
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+               expected_num_chunk_entries--;
+
+       /* Make sure the chunk_csizes array is long enough to store the
+        * compressed size of each chunk.  */
+       if (expected_num_chunks > ctx->num_alloc_chunks) {
+               u64 new_length = expected_num_chunks + 50;
+
+               if ((size_t)new_length != new_length) {
+                       ERROR("Resource size too large (%"PRIu64" bytes!",
+                             res_expected_size);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+
+               FREE(ctx->chunk_csizes);
+               ctx->chunk_csizes = MALLOC(new_length * sizeof(ctx->chunk_csizes[0]));
+               if (ctx->chunk_csizes == NULL) {
+                       ctx->num_alloc_chunks = 0;
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+               ctx->num_alloc_chunks = new_length;
+       }
+
+       ctx->chunk_index = 0;
+
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               /* Reserve space for the chunk table in the output file.  In the
+                * case of packed resources this reserves the upper bound for
+                * the needed space, not necessarily the exact space which will
+                * prove to be needed.  At this point, we just use @chunk_csizes
+                * for a buffer of 0's because the actual compressed chunk sizes
+                * are unknown.  */
+               reserve_size = expected_num_chunk_entries *
+                              get_chunk_entry_size(res_expected_size,
+                                                   ctx->write_resource_flags);
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+                       reserve_size += sizeof(struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk);
+               memset(ctx->chunk_csizes, 0, reserve_size);
+               ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes, reserve_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+begin_write_resource(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_expected_size)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       wimlib_assert(res_expected_size != 0);
+
+       if (ctx->compressor != NULL) {
+               ret = begin_chunk_table(ctx, res_expected_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       /* Output file descriptor is now positioned at the offset at which to
+        * write the first chunk of the resource.  */
+       ctx->chunks_start_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+       ctx->cur_write_res_offset = 0;
+       ctx->cur_write_res_size = res_expected_size;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+end_chunk_table(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, u64 res_actual_size,
+               u64 *res_start_offset_ret, u64 *res_store_size_ret)
+{
+       size_t actual_num_chunks;
+       size_t actual_num_chunk_entries;
+       size_t chunk_entry_size;
+       int ret;
+
+       actual_num_chunks = ctx->chunk_index;
+       actual_num_chunk_entries = actual_num_chunks;
+       if (!(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+               actual_num_chunk_entries--;
+
+       chunk_entry_size = get_chunk_entry_size(res_actual_size,
+                                               ctx->write_resource_flags);
+
+       typedef le64 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le64_t;
+       typedef le32 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le32_t;
+
+       if (chunk_entry_size == 4) {
+               aliased_le32_t *entries = (aliased_le32_t*)ctx->chunk_csizes;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++)
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le32(ctx->chunk_csizes[i]);
                } else {
-                       /* Write uncompressed */
-                       out_chunk = chunk;
-                       out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
+                       u32 offset = ctx->chunk_csizes[0];
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++) {
+                               u32 next_size = ctx->chunk_csizes[i + 1];
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le32(offset);
+                               offset += next_size;
+                       }
                }
-               *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset += out_chunk_size;
        } else {
-               /* Write uncompressed */
-               out_chunk = chunk;
-               out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
+               aliased_le64_t *entries = (aliased_le64_t*)ctx->chunk_csizes;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++)
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le64(ctx->chunk_csizes[i]);
+               } else {
+                       u64 offset = ctx->chunk_csizes[0];
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < actual_num_chunk_entries; i++) {
+                               u64 next_size = ctx->chunk_csizes[i + 1];
+                               entries[i] = cpu_to_le64(offset);
+                               offset += next_size;
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       if (fwrite(out_chunk, 1, out_chunk_size, out_fp) != out_chunk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+
+       size_t chunk_table_size = actual_num_chunk_entries * chunk_entry_size;
+       u64 res_start_offset;
+       u64 res_end_offset;
+
+       if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes, chunk_table_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
+               res_end_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+               res_start_offset = ctx->chunks_start_offset;
+       } else {
+               res_end_offset = ctx->out_fd->offset;
+
+               u64 chunk_table_offset;
+
+               chunk_table_offset = ctx->chunks_start_offset - chunk_table_size;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk hdr;
+
+                       hdr.res_usize = cpu_to_le64(res_actual_size);
+                       hdr.chunk_size = cpu_to_le32(ctx->out_chunk_size);
+                       hdr.compression_format = cpu_to_le32(ctx->out_ctype);
+
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX != 1);
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_XPRESS != 2);
+                       BUILD_BUG_ON(WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZMS != 3);
+
+                       ret = full_pwrite(ctx->out_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr),
+                                         chunk_table_offset - sizeof(hdr));
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
+                       res_start_offset = chunk_table_offset - sizeof(hdr);
+               } else {
+                       res_start_offset = chunk_table_offset;
+               }
+
+               ret = full_pwrite(ctx->out_fd, ctx->chunk_csizes,
+                                 chunk_table_size, chunk_table_offset);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
        }
+
+       *res_start_offset_ret = res_start_offset;
+       *res_store_size_ret = res_end_offset - res_start_offset;
+
        return 0;
+
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Finishes a WIM chunk table and writes it to the output file at the correct
- * offset.
- *
- * The final size of the full compressed resource is returned in the
- * @compressed_size_p.
- */
+/* Finish writing a WIM resource by writing or updating the chunk table (if not
+ * writing the data uncompressed) and loading its metadata into @out_reshdr.  */
 static int
-finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             FILE *out_fp, u64 *compressed_size_p)
+end_write_resource(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr)
 {
-       size_t bytes_written;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, chunk_tab->file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of output "
-                                "WIM file", chunk_tab->file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
+       int ret;
+       u64 res_size_in_wim;
+       u64 res_uncompressed_size;
+       u64 res_offset_in_wim;
 
-       if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 8) {
-               array_cpu_to_le64(chunk_tab->offsets, chunk_tab->num_chunks);
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_write_res_size == ctx->cur_write_res_offset);
+       res_uncompressed_size = ctx->cur_write_res_size;
+
+       if (ctx->compressor) {
+               ret = end_chunk_table(ctx, res_uncompressed_size,
+                                     &res_offset_in_wim, &res_size_in_wim);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        } else {
-               for (u64 i = 0; i < chunk_tab->num_chunks; i++)
-                       ((u32*)chunk_tab->offsets)[i] =
-                               cpu_to_le32(chunk_tab->offsets[i]);
-       }
-       bytes_written = fwrite((u8*)chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                              1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp);
-       if (bytes_written != chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               res_offset_in_wim = ctx->chunks_start_offset;
+               res_size_in_wim = ctx->out_fd->offset - res_offset_in_wim;
+       }
+       out_reshdr->uncompressed_size = res_uncompressed_size;
+       out_reshdr->size_in_wim = res_size_in_wim;
+       out_reshdr->offset_in_wim = res_offset_in_wim;
+       DEBUG("Finished writing resource: %"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" @ %"PRIu64"",
+             res_uncompressed_size, res_size_in_wim, res_offset_in_wim);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Begin processing a stream for writing.  */
+static int
+write_stream_begin_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       bool is_partial_res, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->size > 0);
+
+       ctx->cur_read_res_offset = 0;
+       ctx->cur_read_res_size = lte->size;
+
+       /* As an optimization, we allow some streams to be "unhashed", meaning
+        * their SHA1 message digests are unknown.  This is the case with
+        * streams that are added by scanning a directry tree with
+        * wimlib_add_image(), for example.  Since WIM uses single-instance
+        * streams, we don't know whether such each such stream really need to
+        * written until it is actually checksummed, unless it has a unique
+        * size.  In such cases we read and checksum the stream in this
+        * function, thereby advancing ahead of read_stream_list(), which will
+        * still provide the data again to write_stream_process_chunk().  This
+        * is okay because an unhashed stream cannot be in a WIM resource, which
+        * might be costly to decompress.  */
+       ctx->stream_was_duplicate = false;
+       if (ctx->lookup_table != NULL && lte->unhashed && !lte->unique_size) {
+
+               wimlib_assert(!is_partial_res);
+
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_new;
+
+               ret = hash_unhashed_stream(lte, ctx->lookup_table, &lte_new);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               if (lte_new != lte) {
+                       /* Duplicate stream detected.  */
+
+                       if (lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim ||
+                           stream_filtered(lte_new, ctx->filter_ctx))
+                       {
+                               /* The duplicate stream is already being
+                                * included in the output WIM, or it would be
+                                * filtered out if it had been.  Skip writing
+                                * this stream (and reading it again) entirely,
+                                * passing its output reference count to the
+                                * duplicate stream in the former case.  */
+                               DEBUG("Discarding duplicate stream of "
+                                     "length %"PRIu64, lte->size);
+                               do_write_streams_progress(&ctx->progress_data,
+                                                         lte->size, true, lte);
+                               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+                               list_del(&lte->lookup_table_list);
+                               if (lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim)
+                                       lte_new->out_refcnt += lte->out_refcnt;
+                               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+                                       ctx->cur_write_res_size -= lte->size;
+                               free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+                               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+                       } else {
+                               /* The duplicate stream can validly be written,
+                                * but was not marked as such.  Discard the
+                                * current stream entry and use the duplicate,
+                                * but actually freeing the current entry must
+                                * wait until read_stream_list() has finished
+                                * reading its data.  */
+                               DEBUG("Stream duplicate, but not already "
+                                     "selected for writing.");
+                               list_replace(&lte->write_streams_list,
+                                            &lte_new->write_streams_list);
+                               list_replace(&lte->lookup_table_list,
+                                            &lte_new->lookup_table_list);
+                               lte_new->out_refcnt = lte->out_refcnt;
+                               lte_new->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+                               ctx->stream_was_duplicate = true;
+                               lte = lte_new;
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of output WIM file");
+       list_move_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, &ctx->pending_streams);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+write_stream_uncompressed(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                         struct filedes *out_fd)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (-1 == lseek(out_fd->fd, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim, SEEK_SET) ||
+           0 != ftruncate(out_fd->fd, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim))
+       {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't truncate output file to "
+                                "offset %"PRIu64, lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
+
+       out_fd->offset = lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim;
+
+       ret = extract_stream_to_fd(lte, out_fd, lte->size);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       wimlib_assert(out_fd->offset - lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim == lte->size);
+       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+       lte->out_reshdr.flags &= ~(WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED |
+                                  WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS);
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Prepare for multiple reads to a resource by caching a FILE * or NTFS
- * attribute pointer in the lookup table entry. */
+/* Write the next chunk of (typically compressed) data to the output WIM,
+ * handling the writing of the chunk table.  */
 static int
-prepare_resource_for_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte
-
-                               #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                               , ntfs_inode **ni_ret
-                               #endif
-                       )
-{
-       switch (lte->resource_location) {
-       case RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK:
-               if (!lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-                       lte->file_on_disk_fp = tfopen(lte->file_on_disk, T("rb"));
-                       if (!lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file "
-                                                "`%"TS"'", lte->file_on_disk);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                       }
+write_chunk(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx, const void *cchunk,
+           size_t csize, size_t usize)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       lte = list_entry(ctx->pending_streams.next,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list);
+
+       if (ctx->cur_write_res_offset == 0 &&
+           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               /* Starting to write a new stream in non-packed mode.  */
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+                       int additional_reshdr_flags = 0;
+                       if (ctx->compressor != NULL)
+                               additional_reshdr_flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+                       DEBUG("Writing pipable WIM stream header "
+                             "(offset=%"PRIu64")", ctx->out_fd->offset);
+
+                       ret = write_pwm_stream_header(lte, ctx->out_fd,
+                                                     additional_reshdr_flags);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
-               break;
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       case RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME:
-               if (!lte->attr) {
-                       struct ntfs_location *loc = lte->ntfs_loc;
-                       ntfs_inode *ni;
-                       wimlib_assert(loc);
-                       ni = ntfs_pathname_to_inode(*loc->ntfs_vol_p, NULL, loc->path);
-                       if (!ni) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open inode `%"TS"' in NTFS "
-                                                "volume", loc->path);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       }
-                       lte->attr = ntfs_attr_open(ni,
-                                                  loc->is_reparse_point ? AT_REPARSE_POINT : AT_DATA,
-                                                  loc->stream_name,
-                                                  loc->stream_name_nchars);
-                       if (!lte->attr) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open attribute of `%"TS"' in "
-                                                "NTFS volume", loc->path);
-                               ntfs_inode_close(ni);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       }
-                       *ni_ret = ni;
+
+               ret = begin_write_resource(ctx, lte->size);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->compressor != NULL) {
+               /* Record the compresed chunk size.  */
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->chunk_index < ctx->num_alloc_chunks);
+               ctx->chunk_csizes[ctx->chunk_index++] = csize;
+
+              /* If writing a pipable WIM, before the chunk data write a chunk
+               * header that provides the compressed chunk size.  */
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+                       struct pwm_chunk_hdr chunk_hdr = {
+                               .compressed_size = cpu_to_le32(csize),
+                       };
+                       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, &chunk_hdr,
+                                        sizeof(chunk_hdr));
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
                }
-               break;
-#endif
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       case RESOURCE_WIN32:
-               if (lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-                       lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp =
-                               win32_open_file_data_only(lte->file_on_disk);
-                       if (lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-                               ERROR("Win32 API: Can't open %"TS, lte->file_on_disk);
-                               win32_error_last();
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                       }
+       }
+
+       /* Write the chunk data.  */
+       ret = full_write(ctx->out_fd, cchunk, csize);
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
+
+       ctx->cur_write_res_offset += usize;
+
+       do_write_streams_progress(&ctx->progress_data,
+                                 usize, false, lte);
+
+       if (ctx->cur_write_res_offset == ctx->cur_write_res_size &&
+           !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+               lte = list_entry(ctx->pending_streams.next,
+                                struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list);
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_write_res_offset == lte->size);
+
+               /* Finished writing a stream in non-packed mode.  */
+
+               ret = end_write_resource(ctx, &lte->out_reshdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+               if (ctx->compressor != NULL)
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+               if (ctx->compressor != NULL &&
+                   lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim >= lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size &&
+                   !(ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) &&
+                   !(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS))
+               {
+                       /* Stream did not compress to less than its original
+                        * size.  If we're not writing a pipable WIM (which
+                        * could mean the output file descriptor is
+                        * non-seekable), and the stream isn't located in a
+                        * resource pack (which would make reading it again
+                        * costly), truncate the file to the start of the stream
+                        * and write it uncompressed instead.  */
+                       DEBUG("Stream of size %"PRIu64" did not compress to "
+                             "less than original size; writing uncompressed.",
+                             lte->size);
+                       ret = write_stream_uncompressed(lte, ctx->out_fd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
-               break;
-#endif
-       default:
-               break;
+
+               wimlib_assert(lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size == lte->size);
+
+               list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               ctx->cur_write_res_offset = 0;
        }
+
+       return 0;
+
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Write error");
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+submit_chunk_for_compression(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx,
+                            const void *chunk, size_t size)
+{
+       /* While we are unable to submit the chunk for compression (due to too
+        * many chunks already outstanding), retrieve and write the next
+        * compressed chunk.  */
+       while (!ctx->compressor->submit_chunk(ctx->compressor, chunk, size)) {
+               const void *cchunk;
+               unsigned csize;
+               unsigned usize;
+               bool bret;
+               int ret;
+
+               bret = ctx->compressor->get_chunk(ctx->compressor,
+                                                 &cchunk, &csize, &usize);
+
+               wimlib_assert(bret);
+
+               ret = write_chunk(ctx, cchunk, csize, usize);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Process the next chunk of data to be written to a WIM resource.  */
+static int
+write_stream_process_chunk(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       const u8 *chunkptr, *chunkend;
+
+       wimlib_assert(size != 0);
+
+       if (ctx->compressor == NULL) {
+               /* Write chunk uncompressed.  */
+                ret = write_chunk(ctx, chunk, size, size);
+                if (ret)
+                        return ret;
+                ctx->cur_read_res_offset += size;
+                return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Submit the chunk for compression, but take into account that the
+        * @size the chunk was provided in may not correspond to the
+        * @out_chunk_size being used for compression.  */
+       chunkptr = chunk;
+       chunkend = chunkptr + size;
+       do {
+               const u8 *resized_chunk;
+               size_t needed_chunk_size;
+
+               if (ctx->write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+                       needed_chunk_size = ctx->out_chunk_size;
+               } else {
+                       u64 res_bytes_remaining;
+
+                       res_bytes_remaining = ctx->cur_read_res_size -
+                                             ctx->cur_read_res_offset;
+                       needed_chunk_size = min(ctx->out_chunk_size,
+                                               ctx->chunk_buf_filled +
+                                                       res_bytes_remaining);
+               }
+
+               if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled == 0 &&
+                   chunkend - chunkptr >= needed_chunk_size)
+               {
+                       /* No intermediate buffering needed.  */
+                       resized_chunk = chunkptr;
+                       chunkptr += needed_chunk_size;
+                       ctx->cur_read_res_offset += needed_chunk_size;
+               } else {
+                       /* Intermediate buffering needed.  */
+                       size_t bytes_consumed;
+
+                       bytes_consumed = min(chunkend - chunkptr,
+                                            needed_chunk_size - ctx->chunk_buf_filled);
+
+                       memcpy(&ctx->chunk_buf[ctx->chunk_buf_filled],
+                              chunkptr, bytes_consumed);
+
+                       resized_chunk = ctx->chunk_buf;
+
+                       chunkptr += bytes_consumed;
+                       ctx->cur_read_res_offset += bytes_consumed;
+                       ctx->chunk_buf_filled += bytes_consumed;
+                       if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled == needed_chunk_size) {
+                               resized_chunk = ctx->chunk_buf;
+                               ctx->chunk_buf_filled = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+               }
+
+               ret = submit_chunk_for_compression(ctx, resized_chunk,
+                                                  needed_chunk_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+       } while (chunkptr != chunkend);
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Undo prepare_resource_for_read() by closing the cached FILE * or NTFS
- * attribute. */
+/* Finish processing a stream for writing.  It may not have been completely
+ * written yet, as the chunk_compressor implementation may still have chunks
+ * buffered or being compressed.  */
+static int
+write_stream_end_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, int status, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct write_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       if (status == 0)
+               wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_read_res_offset == ctx->cur_read_res_size);
+       if (ctx->stream_was_duplicate) {
+               free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+       } else if (lte->unhashed && ctx->lookup_table != NULL) {
+               list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
+               lookup_table_insert(ctx->lookup_table, lte);
+               lte->unhashed = 0;
+       }
+       return status;
+}
+
+/* Compute statistics about a list of streams that will be written.
+ *
+ * Assumes the streams are sorted such that all streams located in each distinct
+ * WIM (specified by WIMStruct) are together.  */
 static void
-end_wim_resource_read(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte
-                       #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                               , ntfs_inode *ni
-                       #endif
-                       )
-{
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK
-           && lte->file_on_disk_fp)
-       {
-               fclose(lte->file_on_disk_fp);
-               lte->file_on_disk_fp = NULL;
-       }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME) {
-               if (lte->attr) {
-                       ntfs_attr_close(lte->attr);
-                       lte->attr = NULL;
+compute_stream_list_stats(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                         struct write_streams_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       u64 total_bytes = 0;
+       u64 num_streams = 0;
+       u64 total_parts = 0;
+       WIMStruct *prev_wim_part = NULL;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               num_streams++;
+               total_bytes += lte->size;
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM) {
+                       if (prev_wim_part != lte->rspec->wim) {
+                               prev_wim_part = lte->rspec->wim;
+                               total_parts++;
+                       }
                }
-               if (ni)
-                       ntfs_inode_close(ni);
        }
-#endif
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_WIN32
-                && lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-       {
-               win32_close_file(lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp);
-               lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_bytes       = total_bytes;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_streams     = num_streams;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_bytes   = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_streams = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.compression_type  = ctx->out_ctype;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_parts       = total_parts;
+       ctx->progress_data.progress.write_streams.completed_parts   = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.next_progress = 0;
+       ctx->progress_data.prev_wim_part = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Find streams in @stream_list that can be copied to the output WIM in raw form
+ * rather than compressed.  Delete these streams from @stream_list, and move one
+ * per resource to @raw_copy_resources.  Return the total uncompressed size of
+ * the streams that need to be compressed.  */
+static u64
+find_raw_copy_resources(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                       int write_resource_flags,
+                       int out_ctype,
+                       u32 out_chunk_size,
+                       struct list_head *raw_copy_resources)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+       u64 num_bytes_to_compress = 0;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(raw_copy_resources);
+
+       /* Initialize temporary raw_copy_ok flag.  */
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+                       lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok = 0;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+                   lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok)
+               {
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+               } else if (can_raw_copy(lte, write_resource_flags,
+                                out_ctype, out_chunk_size))
+               {
+                       lte->rspec->raw_copy_ok = 1;
+                       list_move_tail(&lte->write_streams_list,
+                                      raw_copy_resources);
+               } else {
+                       num_bytes_to_compress += lte->size;
+               }
        }
-#endif
+
+       return num_bytes_to_compress;
 }
 
+/* Copy a raw compressed resource located in another WIM file to the WIM file
+ * being written.  */
 static int
-write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                                        FILE *out_fp,
-                                        off_t file_offset,
-                                        struct resource_entry *out_res_entry)
+write_raw_copy_resource(struct wim_resource_spec *in_rspec,
+                       struct filedes *out_fd)
 {
+       u64 cur_read_offset;
+       u64 end_read_offset;
+       u8 buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
+       size_t bytes_to_read;
        int ret;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of "
-                                "output WIM file", file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       struct filedes *in_fd;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       u64 out_offset_in_wim;
+
+       DEBUG("Copying raw compressed data (size_in_wim=%"PRIu64", "
+             "uncompressed_size=%"PRIu64")",
+             in_rspec->size_in_wim, in_rspec->uncompressed_size);
+
+       /* Copy the raw data.  */
+       cur_read_offset = in_rspec->offset_in_wim;
+       end_read_offset = cur_read_offset + in_rspec->size_in_wim;
+
+       out_offset_in_wim = out_fd->offset;
+
+       if (in_rspec->is_pipable) {
+               if (cur_read_offset < sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+               cur_read_offset -= sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr);
+               out_offset_in_wim += sizeof(struct pwm_stream_hdr);
        }
-       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, out_fp, WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
-                                out_res_entry, 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       in_fd = &in_rspec->wim->in_fd;
+       wimlib_assert(cur_read_offset != end_read_offset);
+       do {
+
+               bytes_to_read = min(sizeof(buf), end_read_offset - cur_read_offset);
 
-       return fflush_and_ftruncate(out_fp,
-                                   file_offset + wim_resource_size(lte));
+               ret = full_pread(in_fd, buf, bytes_to_read, cur_read_offset);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               ret = full_write(out_fd, buf, bytes_to_read);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               cur_read_offset += bytes_to_read;
+
+       } while (cur_read_offset != end_read_offset);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, &in_rspec->stream_list, rspec_node) {
+               if (lte->will_be_in_output_wim) {
+                       stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(lte);
+                       if (in_rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                               lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = out_offset_in_wim;
+                       else
+                               lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = out_offset_in_wim;
+
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Copy a list of raw compressed resources located other WIM file(s) to the WIM
+ * file being written.  */
+static int
+write_raw_copy_resources(struct list_head *raw_copy_resources,
+                        struct filedes *out_fd,
+                        struct write_streams_progress_data *progress_data)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, raw_copy_resources, write_streams_list) {
+               ret = write_raw_copy_resource(lte->rspec, out_fd);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               do_write_streams_progress(progress_data, lte->size, false, lte);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Wait for and write all chunks pending in the compressor.  */
+static int
+finish_remaining_chunks(struct write_streams_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       const void *cdata;
+       unsigned csize;
+       unsigned usize;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (ctx->compressor == NULL)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (ctx->chunk_buf_filled != 0) {
+               ret = submit_chunk_for_compression(ctx, ctx->chunk_buf,
+                                                  ctx->chunk_buf_filled);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       while (ctx->compressor->get_chunk(ctx->compressor, &cdata, &csize, &usize)) {
+               ret = write_chunk(ctx, cdata, csize, usize);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_zero_length_streams(struct list_head *stream_list)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+               wimlib_assert(lte->will_be_in_output_wim);
+               if (lte->size == 0) {
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
+                       lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 /*
- * Writes a WIM resource to a FILE * opened for writing.  The resource may be
- * written uncompressed or compressed depending on the @out_ctype parameter.
- *
- * If by chance the resource compresses to more than the original size (this may
- * happen with random data or files than are pre-compressed), the resource is
- * instead written uncompressed (and this is reflected in the @out_res_entry by
- * removing the WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED flag).
- *
- * @lte:       The lookup table entry for the WIM resource.
- * @out_fp:    The FILE * to write the resource to.
- * @out_ctype:  The compression type of the resource to write.  Note: if this is
- *                     the same as the compression type of the WIM resource we
- *                     need to read, we simply copy the data (i.e. we do not
- *                     uncompress it, then compress it again).
- * @out_res_entry:  If non-NULL, a resource entry that is filled in with the
- *                 offset, original size, compressed size, and compression flag
- *                 of the output resource.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ * Write a list of streams to the output WIM file.
+ *
+ * @stream_list
+ *     The list of streams to write, specifies a list of `struct
+ *     wim_lookup_table_entry's linked by the 'write_streams_list' member.
+ *
+ * @out_fd
+ *     The file descriptor, opened for writing, to which to write the streams.
+ *
+ * @write_resource_flags
+ *     Flags to modify how the streams are written:
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS:
+ *             Force compression of all resources, even if they could otherwise
+ *             be re-used by caping the raw data, due to being located in a WIM
+ *             file with compatible compression parameters.
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
+ *             Write the resources in the wimlib-specific pipable format, and
+ *             furthermore do so in such a way that no seeking backwards in
+ *             @out_fd will be performed (so it may be a pipe, contrary to the
+ *             default behavior).
+ *
+ *     WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS:
+ *             Pack all the streams into a single resource rather than writing
+ *             them in separate resources.  This format is only valid if the
+ *             WIM version number is WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS.  This flag
+ *             currently may not be combined with WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE.
+ *
+ * @out_ctype
+ *     Compression format to use to write the output streams, specified as one
+ *     of the WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_* constants, excepting
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_INVALID but including
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE.
+ *
+ * @out_chunk_size
+ *     Chunk size to use to write the streams.  It must be a valid chunk size
+ *     for the specified compression format @out_ctype, unless @out_ctype is
+ *     WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE, in which case this parameter is ignored.
+ *
+ * @num_threads
+ *     Number of threads to use to compress data.  If 0, a default number of
+ *     threads will be chosen.  The number of threads still may be decreased
+ *     from the specified value if insufficient memory is detected.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table
+ *     If on-the-fly deduplication of unhashed streams is desired, this
+ *     parameter must be pointer to the lookup table for the WIMStruct on whose
+ *     behalf the streams are being written.  Otherwise, this parameter can be
+ *     NULL.
+ *
+ * @filter_ctx
+ *     If on-the-fly deduplication of unhashed streams is desired, this
+ *     parameter can be a pointer to a context for stream filtering used to
+ *     detect whether the duplicate stream has been hard-filtered or not.  If
+ *     no streams are hard-filtered or no streams are unhashed, this parameter
+ *     can be NULL.
+ *
+ * @progress_func
+ *     If non-NULL, a progress function that will be called periodically with
+ *     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS messages.  Note that on-the-fly
+ *     deduplication of unhashed streams may result in the total bytes provided
+ *     in the progress data to decrease from one message to the next.
+ *
+ * This function will write the streams in @stream_list to resources in
+ * consecutive positions in the output WIM file, or to a single packed resource
+ * if WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS was specified in @write_resource_flags.
+ * In both cases, the @out_reshdr of the `struct wim_lookup_table_entry' for
+ * each stream written will be updated to specify its location, size, and flags
+ * in the output WIM.  In the packed resource case,
+ * WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS shall be set in the @flags field of the
+ * @out_reshdr, and @out_res_offset_in_wim and @out_res_size_in_wim will also
+ * be set to the offset and size, respectively, in the output WIM of the full
+ * packed resource containing the corresponding stream.
+ *
+ * Each of the streams to write may be in any location supported by the
+ * resource-handling code (specifically, read_stream_list()), such as the
+ * contents of external file that has been logically added to the output WIM, or
+ * a stream in another WIM file that has been imported, or even stream in the
+ * "same" WIM file of which a modified copy is being written.  In the case that
+ * a stream is already in a WIM file and uses compatible compression parameters,
+ * by default this function will re-use the raw data instead of decompressing
+ * it, then recompressing it; however, with WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS
+ * specified in @write_resource_flags, this is not done.
+ *
+ * As a further requirement, this function requires that the
+ * @will_be_in_output_wim member be set on all streams in @stream_list as well
+ * as any other streams not in @stream_list that will be in the output WIM file,
+ * but not on any other streams in the output WIM's lookup table or sharing a
+ * packed resource with a stream in @stream_list.  Still furthermore, if
+ * on-the-fly deduplication of streams is possible, then all streams in
+ * @stream_list must also be linked by @lookup_table_list along with any other
+ * streams that have @will_be_in_output_wim set.
+ *
+ * This function handles on-the-fly deduplication of streams for which SHA1
+ * message digests have not yet been calculated and it is therefore known
+ * whether such streams are already in @stream_list or in the WIM's lookup table
+ * at all.  If @lookup_table is non-NULL, then each stream in @stream_list that
+ * has @unhashed set but not @unique_size set is checksummed immediately before
+ * it would otherwise be read for writing in order to determine if it is
+ * identical to another stream already being written or one that would be
+ * filtered out of the output WIM using stream_filtered() with the context
+ * @filter_ctx.  Each such duplicate stream will be removed from @stream_list, its
+ * reference count transfered to the pre-existing duplicate stream, its memory
+ * freed, and will not be written.  Alternatively, if a stream in @stream_list
+ * is a duplicate with any stream in @lookup_table that has not been marked for
+ * writing or would not be hard-filtered, it is freed and the pre-existing
+ * duplicate is written instead, taking ownership of the reference count and
+ * slot in the @lookup_table_list.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if all streams were written successfully (or did not need to be
+ * written); otherwise a non-zero error code.
  */
-int
-write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                  FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
-                  struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                  int flags)
-{
-       u64 bytes_remaining;
-       u64 original_size;
-       u64 old_compressed_size;
-       u64 new_compressed_size;
-       u64 offset;
+static int
+write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                 struct filedes *out_fd,
+                 int write_resource_flags,
+                 int out_ctype,
+                 u32 out_chunk_size,
+                 unsigned num_threads,
+                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                 struct filter_context *filter_ctx,
+                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
        int ret;
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = NULL;
-       bool raw;
-       off_t file_offset;
-       compress_func_t compress = NULL;
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
-#endif
+       struct write_streams_ctx ctx;
+       struct list_head raw_copy_resources;
 
-       wimlib_assert(lte);
+       wimlib_assert((write_resource_flags &
+                      (WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                       WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) !=
+                               (WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                                WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE));
 
-       /* Original size of the resource */
-       original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       remove_zero_length_streams(stream_list);
 
-       /* Compressed size of the resource (as it exists now) */
-       old_compressed_size = wim_resource_compressed_size(lte);
+       if (list_empty(stream_list)) {
+               DEBUG("No streams to write.");
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-       /* Current offset in output file */
-       file_offset = ftello(out_fp);
-       if (file_offset == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to get offset in output "
-                                "stream");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
+
+       /* Pre-sorting the streams is required for compute_stream_list_stats().
+        * Afterwards, read_stream_list() need not sort them again.  */
+       ret = sort_stream_list_by_sequential_order(stream_list,
+                                                  offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                           write_streams_list));
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       ctx.out_fd = out_fd;
+       ctx.lookup_table = lookup_table;
+       ctx.out_ctype = out_ctype;
+       ctx.out_chunk_size = out_chunk_size;
+       ctx.write_resource_flags = write_resource_flags;
+       ctx.filter_ctx = filter_ctx;
+
+       if (out_chunk_size != 0) {
+               if (out_chunk_size <= STACK_MAX) {
+                       ctx.chunk_buf = alloca(out_chunk_size);
+               } else {
+                       ctx.chunk_buf = MALLOC(out_chunk_size);
+                       if (ctx.chunk_buf == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_destroy_context;
+                       }
+               }
        }
+       ctx.chunk_buf_filled = 0;
 
-       /* Are the compression types the same?  If so, do a raw copy (copy
-        * without decompressing and recompressing the data). */
-       raw = (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) == out_ctype
-              && out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
-              && !(flags & WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS));
+       compute_stream_list_stats(stream_list, &ctx);
 
-       if (raw) {
-               flags |= WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW;
-               bytes_remaining = old_compressed_size;
-       } else {
-               flags &= ~WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RAW;
-               bytes_remaining = original_size;
+       ctx.progress_data.progress_func = progress_func;
+
+       ctx.num_bytes_to_compress = find_raw_copy_resources(stream_list,
+                                                           write_resource_flags,
+                                                           out_ctype,
+                                                           out_chunk_size,
+                                                           &raw_copy_resources);
+
+       DEBUG("Writing stream list "
+             "(offset = %"PRIu64", write_resource_flags=0x%08x, "
+             "out_ctype=%d, out_chunk_size=%u, num_threads=%u, "
+             "total_bytes=%"PRIu64", num_bytes_to_compress=%"PRIu64")",
+             out_fd->offset, write_resource_flags,
+             out_ctype, out_chunk_size, num_threads,
+             ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.total_bytes,
+             ctx.num_bytes_to_compress);
+
+       if (ctx.num_bytes_to_compress == 0) {
+               DEBUG("No compression needed; skipping to raw copy!");
+               goto out_write_raw_copy_resources;
        }
 
-       /* Empty resource; nothing needs to be done, so just return success. */
-       if (bytes_remaining == 0)
-               return 0;
+       /* Unless uncompressed output was required, allocate a chunk_compressor
+        * to do compression.  There are serial and parallel implementations of
+        * the chunk_compressor interface.  We default to parallel using the
+        * specified number of threads, unless the upper bound on the number
+        * bytes needing to be compressed is less 2000000 (heuristic value).  */
+       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE) {
+
+               if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZMS &&
+                   ctx.lookup_table != NULL) {
+                       WARNING("LZMS compression not implemented; data will "
+                               "actually be written uncompressed.");
+               }
+
+       #ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
+               if (ctx.num_bytes_to_compress >= 2000000) {
+                       ret = new_parallel_chunk_compressor(out_ctype,
+                                                           out_chunk_size,
+                                                           num_threads, 0,
+                                                           &ctx.compressor);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               DEBUG("Couldn't create parallel chunk compressor "
+                                     "(status %d)", ret);
+                       }
+               }
+       #endif
+
+               if (ctx.compressor == NULL) {
+                       ret = new_serial_chunk_compressor(out_ctype, out_chunk_size,
+                                                         &ctx.compressor);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_destroy_context;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (ctx.compressor)
+               ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads = ctx.compressor->num_threads;
+       else
+               ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads = 1;
+
+       DEBUG("Actually using %u threads",
+             ctx.progress_data.progress.write_streams.num_threads);
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.pending_streams);
+
+       if (ctx.progress_data.progress_func) {
+               (*ctx.progress_data.progress_func)(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
+                                                  &ctx.progress_data.progress);
+       }
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               ret = begin_write_resource(&ctx, ctx.num_bytes_to_compress);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_context;
+       }
+
+       /* Read the list of streams needing to be compressed, using the
+        * specified callbacks to execute processing of the data.  */
+
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+               .begin_stream           = write_stream_begin_read,
+               .begin_stream_ctx       = &ctx,
+               .consume_chunk          = write_stream_process_chunk,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx      = &ctx,
+               .end_stream             = write_stream_end_read,
+               .end_stream_ctx         = &ctx,
+       };
+
+       ret = read_stream_list(stream_list,
+                              offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, write_streams_list),
+                              &cbs,
+                              STREAM_LIST_ALREADY_SORTED |
+                                       VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES |
+                                       COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES);
+
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_context;
+
+       ret = finish_remaining_chunks(&ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_context;
+
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               u64 offset_in_res;
+
+               ret = end_write_resource(&ctx, &reshdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_destroy_context;
+
+               DEBUG("Ending packed resource: %lu %lu %lu.",
+                     reshdr.offset_in_wim,
+                     reshdr.size_in_wim,
+                     reshdr.uncompressed_size);
+
+               offset_in_res = 0;
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx.pending_streams, write_streams_list) {
+                       lte->out_reshdr.size_in_wim = lte->size;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags = filter_resource_flags(lte->flags);
+                       lte->out_reshdr.flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.uncompressed_size = 0;
+                       lte->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim = offset_in_res;
+                       lte->out_res_offset_in_wim = reshdr.offset_in_wim;
+                       lte->out_res_size_in_wim = reshdr.size_in_wim;
+                       /*lte->out_res_uncompressed_size = reshdr.uncompressed_size;*/
+                       offset_in_res += lte->size;
+               }
+               wimlib_assert(offset_in_res == reshdr.uncompressed_size);
+       }
+
+out_write_raw_copy_resources:
+       /* Copy any compressed resources for which the raw data can be reused
+        * without decompression.  */
+       ret = write_raw_copy_resources(&raw_copy_resources, ctx.out_fd,
+                                      &ctx.progress_data);
+
+out_destroy_context:
+       if (out_chunk_size > STACK_MAX)
+               FREE(ctx.chunk_buf);
+       FREE(ctx.chunk_csizes);
+       if (ctx.compressor)
+               ctx.compressor->destroy(ctx.compressor);
+       DEBUG("Done (ret=%d)", ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+write_wim_resource(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                  struct filedes *out_fd,
+                  int out_ctype,
+                  u32 out_chunk_size,
+                  int write_resource_flags)
+{
+       LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
+       list_add(&lte->write_streams_list, &stream_list);
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+       return write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+                                out_fd,
+                                write_resource_flags & ~WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS,
+                                out_ctype,
+                                out_chunk_size,
+                                1,
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL);
+}
+
+int
+write_wim_resource_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                              int reshdr_flags, struct filedes *out_fd,
+                              int out_ctype,
+                              u32 out_chunk_size,
+                              struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr,
+                              u8 *hash,
+                              int write_resource_flags)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       /* Set up a temporary lookup table entry to provide to
+        * write_wim_resource().  */
+
+       lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (lte == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       lte->resource_location  = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
+       lte->attached_buffer    = (void*)buf;
+       lte->size               = buf_size;
+       lte->flags              = reshdr_flags;
 
-       /* Buffer for reading chunks for the resource */
-       u8 buf[min(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE, bytes_remaining)];
-
-       /* If we are writing a compressed resource and not doing a raw copy, we
-        * need to initialize the chunk table */
-       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE && !raw) {
-               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fp, file_offset,
-                                                  &chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
-       }
-
-       /* If the WIM resource is in an external file, open a FILE * to it so we
-        * don't have to open a temporary one in read_wim_resource() for each
-        * chunk. */
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ret = prepare_resource_for_read(lte, &ni);
-#else
-       ret = prepare_resource_for_read(lte);
-#endif
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       /* If we aren't doing a raw copy, we will compute the SHA1 message
-        * digest of the resource as we read it, and verify it's the same as the
-        * hash given in the lookup table entry once we've finished reading the
-        * resource. */
-       SHA_CTX ctx;
-       if (!raw) {
-               sha1_init(&ctx);
-               compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
-       }
-       offset = 0;
-
-       /* While there are still bytes remaining in the WIM resource, read a
-        * chunk of the resource, update SHA1, then write that chunk using the
-        * desired compression type. */
-       do {
-               u64 to_read = min(bytes_remaining, WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               ret = read_wim_resource(lte, buf, to_read, offset, flags);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               if (!raw)
-                       sha1_update(&ctx, buf, to_read);
-               ret = write_wim_resource_chunk(buf, to_read, out_fp,
-                                              compress, chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               bytes_remaining -= to_read;
-               offset += to_read;
-       } while (bytes_remaining);
-
-       /* Raw copy:  The new compressed size is the same as the old compressed
-        * size
-        *
-        * Using WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE:  The new compressed size is the
-        * original size
-        *
-        * Using a different compression type:  Call
-        * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
-        * compressed size.
-        */
-       if (raw) {
-               new_compressed_size = old_compressed_size;
+       if (write_resource_flags & WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE) {
+               sha1_buffer(buf, buf_size, lte->hash);
+               lte->unhashed = 0;
        } else {
-               if (out_ctype == WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                       new_compressed_size = original_size;
-               else {
-                       ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(chunk_tab, out_fp,
-                                                           &new_compressed_size);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out_fclose;
-               }
+               lte->unhashed = 1;
        }
 
-       /* Verify SHA1 message digest of the resource, unless we are doing a raw
-        * write (in which case we never even saw the uncompressed data).  Or,
-        * if the hash we had before is all 0's, just re-set it to be the new
-        * hash. */
-       if (!raw) {
-               u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-               sha1_final(md, &ctx);
-               if (is_zero_hash(lte->hash)) {
-                       copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
-               } else if (!hashes_equal(md, lte->hash)) {
-                       ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-                       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK) {
-                               ERROR("We were reading it from `%"TS"'; maybe "
-                                     "it changed while we were reading it.",
-                                     lte->file_on_disk);
-                       }
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
-       }
+       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, out_fd, out_ctype, out_chunk_size,
+                                write_resource_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_free_lte;
 
-       if (!raw && new_compressed_size >= original_size &&
-           out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-       {
-               /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
-                * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
-               ret = write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(lte,
-                                                              out_fp,
-                                                              file_offset,
-                                                              out_res_entry);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-       } else {
-               if (out_res_entry) {
-                       out_res_entry->size          = new_compressed_size;
-                       out_res_entry->original_size = original_size;
-                       out_res_entry->offset        = file_offset;
-                       out_res_entry->flags         = lte->resource_entry.flags
-                                                       & ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-                       if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                               out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-               }
-       }
+       copy_reshdr(out_reshdr, &lte->out_reshdr);
+
+       if (hash)
+               copy_hash(hash, lte->hash);
        ret = 0;
-out_fclose:
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       end_wim_resource_read(lte, ni);
-#else
-       end_wim_resource_read(lte);
-#endif
-out:
-       FREE(chunk_tab);
+out_free_lte:
+       lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
        return ret;
 }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-
-/* Blocking shared queue (solves the producer-consumer problem) */
-struct shared_queue {
-       unsigned size;
-       unsigned front;
-       unsigned back;
-       unsigned filled_slots;
-       void **array;
-       pthread_mutex_t lock;
-       pthread_cond_t msg_avail_cond;
-       pthread_cond_t space_avail_cond;
+struct stream_size_table {
+       struct hlist_head *array;
+       size_t num_entries;
+       size_t capacity;
 };
 
 static int
-shared_queue_init(struct shared_queue *q, unsigned size)
+init_stream_size_table(struct stream_size_table *tab, size_t capacity)
 {
-       wimlib_assert(size != 0);
-       q->array = CALLOC(sizeof(q->array[0]), size);
-       if (!q->array)
+       tab->array = CALLOC(capacity, sizeof(tab->array[0]));
+       if (tab->array == NULL)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       q->filled_slots = 0;
-       q->front = 0;
-       q->back = size - 1;
-       q->size = size;
-       pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->msg_avail_cond, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&q->space_avail_cond, NULL);
+       tab->num_entries = 0;
+       tab->capacity = capacity;
        return 0;
 }
 
 static void
-shared_queue_destroy(struct shared_queue *q)
-{
-       FREE(q->array);
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&q->lock);
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->msg_avail_cond);
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&q->space_avail_cond);
-}
-
-static void
-shared_queue_put(struct shared_queue *q, void *obj)
+destroy_stream_size_table(struct stream_size_table *tab)
 {
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
-       while (q->filled_slots == q->size)
-               pthread_cond_wait(&q->space_avail_cond, &q->lock);
-
-       q->back = (q->back + 1) % q->size;
-       q->array[q->back] = obj;
-       q->filled_slots++;
-
-       pthread_cond_broadcast(&q->msg_avail_cond);
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
+       FREE(tab->array);
 }
 
-static void *
-shared_queue_get(struct shared_queue *q)
+static int
+stream_size_table_insert(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_tab)
 {
-       void *obj;
-
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
-       while (q->filled_slots == 0)
-               pthread_cond_wait(&q->msg_avail_cond, &q->lock);
-
-       obj = q->array[q->front];
-       q->array[q->front] = NULL;
-       q->front = (q->front + 1) % q->size;
-       q->filled_slots--;
+       struct stream_size_table *tab = _tab;
+       size_t pos;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *same_size_lte;
+       struct hlist_node *tmp;
+
+       pos = hash_u64(lte->size) % tab->capacity;
+       lte->unique_size = 1;
+       hlist_for_each_entry(same_size_lte, tmp, &tab->array[pos], hash_list_2) {
+               if (same_size_lte->size == lte->size) {
+                       lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       same_size_lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
 
-       pthread_cond_broadcast(&q->space_avail_cond);
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
-       return obj;
+       hlist_add_head(&lte->hash_list_2, &tab->array[pos]);
+       tab->num_entries++;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-struct compressor_thread_params {
-       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue;
-       compress_func_t compress;
-};
-
-#define MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG 2
-
-struct message {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       u8 *uncompressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       u8 *out_compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       u8 *compressed_chunks[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned uncompressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned compressed_chunk_sizes[MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG];
-       unsigned num_chunks;
-       struct list_head list;
-       bool complete;
-       u64 begin_chunk;
+struct find_streams_ctx {
+       WIMStruct *wim;
+       int write_flags;
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct stream_size_table stream_size_tab;
 };
 
 static void
-compress_chunks(struct message *msg, compress_func_t compress)
-{
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               DEBUG2("compress chunk %u of %u", i, msg->num_chunks);
-               unsigned len = compress(msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
-                                       msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i],
-                                       msg->compressed_chunks[i]);
-               if (len) {
-                       /* To be written compressed */
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->compressed_chunks[i];
-                       msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i] = len;
-               } else {
-                       /* To be written uncompressed */
-                       msg->out_compressed_chunks[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunks[i];
-                       msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i] = msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i];
-
-               }
-       }
-}
-
-/* Compressor thread routine.  This is a lot simpler than the main thread
- * routine: just repeatedly get a group of chunks from the
- * res_to_compress_queue, compress them, and put them in the
- * compressed_res_queue.  A NULL pointer indicates that the thread should stop.
- * */
-static void *
-compressor_thread_proc(void *arg)
+reference_stream_for_write(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                          struct list_head *stream_list, u32 nref)
 {
-       struct compressor_thread_params *params = arg;
-       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue = params->res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue = params->compressed_res_queue;
-       compress_func_t compress = params->compress;
-       struct message *msg;
-
-       DEBUG("Compressor thread ready");
-       while ((msg = shared_queue_get(res_to_compress_queue)) != NULL) {
-               compress_chunks(msg, compress);
-               shared_queue_put(compressed_res_queue, msg);
+       if (!lte->will_be_in_output_wim) {
+               lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+               list_add_tail(&lte->write_streams_list, stream_list);
+               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
        }
-       DEBUG("Compressor thread terminating");
-       return NULL;
+       lte->out_refcnt += nref;
 }
-#endif /* ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION */
 
-static void
-do_write_streams_progress(union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
-                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                         uint64_t size_added)
+static int
+fully_reference_stream_for_write(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                                void *_stream_list)
 {
-       progress->write_streams.completed_bytes += size_added;
-       progress->write_streams.completed_streams++;
-       if (progress_func &&
-           progress->write_streams.completed_bytes >= progress->write_streams._private)
-       {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS,
-                             progress);
-               if (progress->write_streams._private == progress->write_streams.total_bytes) {
-                       progress->write_streams._private = ~0;
-               } else {
-                       progress->write_streams._private =
-                               min(progress->write_streams.total_bytes,
-                                   progress->write_streams.completed_bytes +
-                                       progress->write_streams.total_bytes / 100);
-               }
-       }
+       struct list_head *stream_list = _stream_list;
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+       reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list, lte->refcnt);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-do_write_stream_list(struct list_head *my_resources,
-                    FILE *out_fp,
-                    int out_ctype,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                    union wimlib_progress_info *progress,
-                    int write_resource_flags)
+inode_find_streams_to_reference(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                               const struct wim_lookup_table *table,
+                               struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       unsigned i;
 
-       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, my_resources, staging_list) {
-               ret = write_wim_resource(lte,
-                                        out_fp,
-                                        out_ctype,
-                                        &lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                        write_resource_flags);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       return ret;
-               list_del(&lte->staging_list);
+       wimlib_assert(inode->i_nlink > 0);
 
-               do_write_streams_progress(progress,
-                                         progress_func,
-                                         wim_resource_size(lte));
+       for (i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, table);
+               if (lte)
+                       reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list,
+                                                  inode->i_nlink);
+               else if (!is_zero_hash(inode_stream_hash(inode, i)))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-write_stream_list_serial(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                        FILE *out_fp,
-                        int out_ctype,
-                        int write_flags,
-                        wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                        union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+do_stream_set_not_in_output_wim(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ignore)
 {
-       int write_resource_flags;
-
-       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-               write_resource_flags = WIMLIB_RESOURCE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS;
-       else
-               write_resource_flags = 0;
-       progress->write_streams.num_threads = 1;
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-       return do_write_stream_list(stream_list, out_fp,
-                                   out_ctype, progress_func,
-                                   progress, write_resource_flags);
+       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
 static int
-write_wim_chunks(struct message *msg, FILE *out_fp,
-                struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+image_find_streams_to_reference(WIMStruct *wim)
 {
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-               unsigned chunk_csize = msg->compressed_chunk_sizes[i];
+       struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       int ret;
 
-               DEBUG2("Write wim chunk %u of %u (csize = %u)",
-                     i, msg->num_chunks, chunk_csize);
+       imd = wim_get_current_image_metadata(wim);
 
-               if (fwrite(msg->out_compressed_chunks[i], 1, chunk_csize, out_fp)
-                   != chunk_csize)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM chunk");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               }
+       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
 
-               *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset += chunk_csize;
+       stream_list = wim->private;
+       image_for_each_inode(inode, imd) {
+               ret = inode_find_streams_to_reference(inode,
+                                                     wim->lookup_table,
+                                                     stream_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * This function is executed by the main thread when the resources are being
- * compressed in parallel.  The main thread is in change of all reading of the
- * uncompressed data and writing of the compressed data.  The compressor threads
- * *only* do compression from/to in-memory buffers.
- *
- * Each unit of work given to a compressor thread is up to MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG
- * chunks of compressed data to compress, represented in a `struct message'.
- * Each message is passed from the main thread to a worker thread through the
- * res_to_compress_queue, and it is passed back through the
- * compressed_res_queue.
- */
 static int
-main_writer_thread_proc(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                       FILE *out_fp,
-                       int out_ctype,
-                       struct shared_queue *res_to_compress_queue,
-                       struct shared_queue *compressed_res_queue,
-                       size_t num_messages,
-                       int write_flags,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                       union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+prepare_unfiltered_list_of_streams_in_output_wim(WIMStruct *wim,
+                                                int image,
+                                                int streams_ok,
+                                                struct list_head *stream_list_ret)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct chunk_table *cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
-       struct message *msgs = CALLOC(num_messages, sizeof(struct message));
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_lte = NULL;
-
-       // Initially, all the messages are available to use.
-       LIST_HEAD(available_msgs);
-
-       if (!msgs) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++)
-               list_add(&msgs[i].list, &available_msgs);
-
-       // outstanding_resources is the list of resources that currently have
-       // had chunks sent off for compression.
-       //
-       // The first stream in outstanding_resources is the stream that is
-       // currently being written (cur_lte).
-       //
-       // The last stream in outstanding_resources is the stream that is
-       // currently being read and chunks fed to the compressor threads
-       // (next_lte).
-       //
-       // Depending on the number of threads and the sizes of the resource,
-       // the outstanding streams list may contain streams between cur_lte and
-       // next_lte that have all their chunks compressed or being compressed,
-       // but haven't been written yet.
-       //
-       LIST_HEAD(outstanding_resources);
-       struct list_head *next_resource = stream_list->next;
-       u64 next_chunk = 0;
-       u64 next_num_chunks = 0;
-
-       // As in write_wim_resource(), each resource we read is checksummed.
-       SHA_CTX next_sha_ctx;
-       u8 next_hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-
-       // Resources that don't need any chunks compressed are added to this
-       // list and written directly by the main thread.
-       LIST_HEAD(my_resources);
-
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_lte = NULL;
-       struct message *msg;
-
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
-#endif
 
-       DEBUG("Initializing buffers for uncompressed "
-             "and compressed data (%zu bytes needed)",
-             num_messages * MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE * 2);
-
-       // Pre-allocate all the buffers that will be needed to do the chunk
-       // compression.
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++) {
-               for (size_t j = 0; j < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; j++) {
-                       msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-                       // The extra 8 bytes is because longest_match() in
-                       // lz77.c may read a little bit off the end of the
-                       // uncompressed data.  It doesn't need to be
-                       // initialized--- we really just need to avoid accessing
-                       // an unmapped page.
-                       msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j] = MALLOC(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE + 8);
-                       if (msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j] == NULL ||
-                           msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j] == NULL)
-                       {
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list_ret);
+
+       if (streams_ok && (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES ||
+                          (image == 1 && wim->hdr.image_count == 1)))
+       {
+               /* Fast case:  Assume that all streams are being written and
+                * that the reference counts are correct.  */
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               unsigned i;
+
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      fully_reference_stream_for_write,
+                                      stream_list_ret);
+
+               for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+                       imd = wim->image_metadata[i];
+                       image_for_each_unhashed_stream(lte, imd)
+                               fully_reference_stream_for_write(lte, stream_list_ret);
                }
+       } else {
+               /* Slow case:  Walk through the images being written and
+                * determine the streams referenced.  */
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      do_stream_set_not_in_output_wim, NULL);
+               wim->private = stream_list_ret;
+               ret = for_image(wim, image, image_find_streams_to_reference);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       // This loop is executed until all resources have been written, except
-       // possibly a few that have been added to the @my_resources list for
-       // writing later.
-       while (1) {
-               // Send chunks to the compressor threads until either (a) there
-               // are no more messages available since they were all sent off,
-               // or (b) there are no more resources that need to be
-               // compressed.
-               while (!list_empty(&available_msgs)) {
-                       if (next_chunk == next_num_chunks) {
-                               // If next_chunk == next_num_chunks, there are
-                               // no more chunks to write in the current
-                               // stream.  So, check the SHA1 message digest of
-                               // the stream that was just finished (unless
-                               // next_lte == NULL, which is the case the very
-                               // first time this loop is entered, and also
-                               // near the very end of the compression when
-                               // there are no more streams.)  Then, advance to
-                               // the next stream (if there is one).
-                               if (next_lte != NULL) {
-                               #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                       end_wim_resource_read(next_lte, ni);
-                                       ni = NULL;
-                               #else
-                                       end_wim_resource_read(next_lte);
-                               #endif
-                                       DEBUG2("Finalize SHA1 md (next_num_chunks=%zu)",
-                                              next_num_chunks);
-                                       sha1_final(next_hash, &next_sha_ctx);
-                                       if (!hashes_equal(next_lte->hash, next_hash)) {
-                                               ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-                                               if (next_lte->resource_location ==
-                                                   RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK)
-                                               {
-                                                       ERROR("We were reading it from `%"TS"'; "
-                                                             "maybe it changed while we were "
-                                                             "reading it.",
-                                                             next_lte->file_on_disk);
-                                               }
-                                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-                                               goto out;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               // Advance to the next resource.
-                               //
-                               // If the next resource needs no compression, just write
-                               // it with this thread (not now though--- we could be in
-                               // the middle of writing another resource.)  Keep doing
-                               // this until we either get to the end of the resources
-                               // list, or we get to a resource that needs compression.
-                               while (1) {
-                                       if (next_resource == stream_list) {
-                                               // No more resources to send for
-                                               // compression
-                                               next_lte = NULL;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                                       next_lte = container_of(next_resource,
-                                                               struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                               staging_list);
-                                       next_resource = next_resource->next;
-                                       if ((!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
-                                              && wim_resource_compression_type(next_lte) == out_ctype)
-                                           || wim_resource_size(next_lte) == 0)
-                                       {
-                                               list_add_tail(&next_lte->staging_list,
-                                                             &my_resources);
-                                       } else {
-                                               list_add_tail(&next_lte->staging_list,
-                                                             &outstanding_resources);
-                                               next_chunk = 0;
-                                               next_num_chunks = wim_resource_chunks(next_lte);
-                                               sha1_init(&next_sha_ctx);
-                                               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&next_lte->msg_list);
-                                       #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-                                               ret = prepare_resource_for_read(next_lte, &ni);
-                                       #else
-                                               ret = prepare_resource_for_read(next_lte);
-                                       #endif
-
-                                               if (ret != 0)
-                                                       goto out;
-                                               if (cur_lte == NULL) {
-                                                       // Set cur_lte for the
-                                                       // first time
-                                                       cur_lte = next_lte;
-                                               }
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       if (next_lte == NULL) {
-                               // No more resources to send for compression
-                               break;
-                       }
+struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx {
+       struct stream_size_table *tab;
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
+};
 
-                       // Get a message from the available messages
-                       // list
-                       msg = container_of(available_msgs.next,
-                                          struct message,
-                                          list);
-
-                       // ... and delete it from the available messages
-                       // list
-                       list_del(&msg->list);
-
-                       // Initialize the message with the chunks to
-                       // compress.
-                       msg->num_chunks = min(next_num_chunks - next_chunk,
-                                             MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG);
-                       msg->lte = next_lte;
-                       msg->complete = false;
-                       msg->begin_chunk = next_chunk;
-
-                       unsigned size = WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-                       for (unsigned i = 0; i < msg->num_chunks; i++) {
-
-                               // Read chunk @next_chunk of the stream into the
-                               // message so that a compressor thread can
-                               // compress it.
-
-                               if (next_chunk == next_num_chunks - 1) {
-                                       size = MODULO_NONZERO(wim_resource_size(next_lte),
-                                                             WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-                               }
-
-                               DEBUG2("Read resource (size=%u, offset=%zu)",
-                                     size, next_chunk * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-                               msg->uncompressed_chunk_sizes[i] = size;
-
-                               ret = read_wim_resource(next_lte,
-                                                       msg->uncompressed_chunks[i],
-                                                       size,
-                                                       next_chunk * WIM_CHUNK_SIZE,
-                                                       0);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                               sha1_update(&next_sha_ctx,
-                                           msg->uncompressed_chunks[i], size);
-                               next_chunk++;
-                       }
+static int
+insert_other_if_hard_filtered(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
 
-                       // Send the compression request
-                       list_add_tail(&msg->list, &next_lte->msg_list);
-                       shared_queue_put(res_to_compress_queue, msg);
-                       DEBUG2("Compression request sent");
-               }
+       if (!lte->will_be_in_output_wim &&
+           stream_hard_filtered(lte, ctx->filter_ctx))
+               stream_size_table_insert(lte, ctx->tab);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-               // If there are no outstanding resources, there are no more
-               // resources that need to be written.
-               if (list_empty(&outstanding_resources)) {
-                       ret = 0;
-                       goto out;
-               }
+static int
+determine_stream_size_uniquity(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                              struct wim_lookup_table *lt,
+                              struct filter_context *filter_ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct stream_size_table tab;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-               // Get the next message from the queue and process it.
-               // The message will contain 1 or more data chunks that have been
-               // compressed.
-               msg = shared_queue_get(compressed_res_queue);
-               msg->complete = true;
-
-               // Is this the next chunk in the current resource?  If it's not
-               // (i.e., an earlier chunk in a same or different resource
-               // hasn't been compressed yet), do nothing, and keep this
-               // message around until all earlier chunks are received.
-               //
-               // Otherwise, write all the chunks we can.
-               while (cur_lte != NULL &&
-                      !list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-                      (msg = container_of(cur_lte->msg_list.next,
-                                          struct message,
-                                          list))->complete)
-               {
-                       DEBUG2("Complete msg (begin_chunk=%"PRIu64")", msg->begin_chunk);
-                       if (msg->begin_chunk == 0) {
-                               DEBUG2("Begin chunk tab");
-
-                               // This is the first set of chunks.  Leave space
-                               // for the chunk table in the output file.
-                               off_t cur_offset = ftello(out_fp);
-                               if (cur_offset == -1) {
-                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                                       goto out;
-                               }
-                               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_lte,
-                                                                  out_fp,
-                                                                  cur_offset,
-                                                                  &cur_chunk_tab);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                       }
+       ret = init_stream_size_table(&tab, lt->capacity);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-                       // Write the compressed chunks from the message.
-                       ret = write_wim_chunks(msg, out_fp, cur_chunk_tab);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out;
+       if (may_hard_filter_streams(filter_ctx)) {
+               struct insert_other_if_hard_filtered_ctx ctx = {
+                       .tab = &tab,
+                       .filter_ctx = filter_ctx,
+               };
+               for_lookup_table_entry(lt, insert_other_if_hard_filtered, &ctx);
+       }
 
-                       list_del(&msg->list);
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list)
+               stream_size_table_insert(lte, &tab);
 
-                       // This message is available to use for different chunks
-                       // now.
-                       list_add(&msg->list, &available_msgs);
+       destroy_stream_size_table(&tab);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       // Was this the last chunk of the stream?  If so, finish
-                       // it.
-                       if (list_empty(&cur_lte->msg_list) &&
-                           msg->begin_chunk + msg->num_chunks == cur_chunk_tab->num_chunks)
-                       {
-                               DEBUG2("Finish wim chunk tab");
-                               u64 res_csize;
-                               ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(cur_chunk_tab,
-                                                                   out_fp,
-                                                                   &res_csize);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-
-                               if (res_csize >= wim_resource_size(cur_lte)) {
-                                       /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to
-                                        * larger than the original size.  Write
-                                        * the resource uncompressed instead. */
-                                       ret = write_uncompressed_resource_and_truncate(
-                                                        cur_lte,
-                                                        out_fp,
-                                                        cur_chunk_tab->file_offset,
-                                                        &cur_lte->output_resource_entry);
-                                       if (ret != 0)
-                                               goto out;
-                               } else {
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.size =
-                                               res_csize;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.original_size =
-                                               cur_lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.offset =
-                                               cur_chunk_tab->file_offset;
-
-                                       cur_lte->output_resource_entry.flags =
-                                               cur_lte->resource_entry.flags |
-                                                       WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-                               }
-
-                               do_write_streams_progress(progress, progress_func,
-                                                         wim_resource_size(cur_lte));
-
-                               FREE(cur_chunk_tab);
-                               cur_chunk_tab = NULL;
-
-                               struct list_head *next = cur_lte->staging_list.next;
-                               list_del(&cur_lte->staging_list);
-
-                               if (next == &outstanding_resources)
-                                       cur_lte = NULL;
-                               else
-                                       cur_lte = container_of(cur_lte->staging_list.next,
-                                                              struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                                              staging_list);
-
-                               // Since we just finished writing a stream,
-                               // write any streams that have been added to the
-                               // my_resources list for direct writing by the
-                               // main thread (e.g. resources that don't need
-                               // to be compressed because the desired
-                               // compression type is the same as the previous
-                               // compression type).
-                               ret = do_write_stream_list(&my_resources,
-                                                          out_fp,
-                                                          out_ctype,
-                                                          progress_func,
-                                                          progress,
-                                                          0);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
+static void
+filter_stream_list_for_write(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                            struct filter_context *filter_ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *tmp;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp,
+                                stream_list, write_streams_list)
+       {
+               int status = stream_filtered(lte, filter_ctx);
+
+               if (status == 0) {
+                       /* Not filtered.  */
+                       continue;
+               } else {
+                       if (status > 0) {
+                               /* Soft filtered.  */
+                       } else {
+                               /* Hard filtered.  */
+                               lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 0;
+                               list_del(&lte->lookup_table_list);
                        }
+                       list_del(&lte->write_streams_list);
                }
        }
+}
 
-out:
-       if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM) {
-               ERROR("Could not allocate enough memory for "
-                     "multi-threaded compression");
-       }
-
-       if (next_lte) {
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-               end_wim_resource_read(next_lte, ni);
-#else
-               end_wim_resource_read(next_lte);
-#endif
-       }
+/*
+ * prepare_stream_list_for_write() -
+ *
+ * Prepare the list of streams to write for writing a WIM containing the
+ * specified image(s) with the specified write flags.
+ *
+ * @wim
+ *     The WIMStruct on whose behalf the write is occurring.
+ *
+ * @image
+ *     Image(s) from the WIM to write; may be WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES.
+ *
+ * @write_flags
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_* flags for the write operation:
+ *
+ *     STREAMS_OK:  For writes of all images, assume that all streams in the
+ *     lookup table of @wim and the per-image lists of unhashed streams should
+ *     be taken as-is, and image metadata should not be searched for
+ *     references.  This does not exclude filtering with OVERWRITE and
+ *     SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS, below.
+ *
+ *     OVERWRITE:  Streams already present in @wim shall not be returned in
+ *     @stream_list_ret.
+ *
+ *     SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS:  Streams already present in a WIM file, but not
+ *     @wim, shall be be returned in neither @stream_list_ret nor
+ *     @lookup_table_list_ret.
+ *
+ * @stream_list_ret
+ *     List of streams, linked by write_streams_list, that need to be written
+ *     will be returned here.
+ *
+ *     Note that this function assumes that unhashed streams will be written;
+ *     it does not take into account that they may become duplicates when
+ *     actually hashed.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table_list_ret
+ *     List of streams, linked by lookup_table_list, that need to be included
+ *     in the WIM's lookup table will be returned here.  This will be a
+ *     superset of the streams in @stream_list_ret.
+ *
+ *     This list will be a proper superset of @stream_list_ret if and only if
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE was specified in @write_flags and some of
+ *     the streams that would otherwise need to be written were already located
+ *     in the WIM file.
+ *
+ *     All streams in this list will have @out_refcnt set to the number of
+ *     references to the stream in the output WIM.  If
+ *     WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK was specified in @write_flags, @out_refcnt
+ *     may be as low as 0.
+ *
+ * @filter_ctx_ret
+ *     A context for queries of stream filter status with stream_filtered() is
+ *     returned in this location.
+ *
+ * In addition, @will_be_in_output_wim will be set to 1 in all stream entries
+ * inserted into @lookup_table_list_ret and to 0 in all stream entries in the
+ * lookup table of @wim not inserted into @lookup_table_list_ret.
+ *
+ * Still furthermore, @unique_size will be set to 1 on all stream entries in
+ * @stream_list_ret that have unique size among all stream entries in
+ * @stream_list_ret and among all stream entries in the lookup table of @wim
+ * that are ineligible for being written due to filtering.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on read error, memory allocation error, or
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static int
+prepare_stream_list_for_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
+                             int write_flags,
+                             struct list_head *stream_list_ret,
+                             struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret,
+                             struct filter_context *filter_ctx_ret)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               ret = do_write_stream_list(&my_resources, out_fp,
-                                          out_ctype, progress_func,
-                                          progress, 0);
-       } else {
-               if (msgs) {
-                       size_t num_available_msgs = 0;
-                       struct list_head *cur;
+       filter_ctx_ret->write_flags = write_flags;
+       filter_ctx_ret->wim = wim;
 
-                       list_for_each(cur, &available_msgs) {
-                               num_available_msgs++;
-                       }
+       ret = prepare_unfiltered_list_of_streams_in_output_wim(
+                               wim,
+                               image,
+                               write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK,
+                               stream_list_ret);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-                       while (num_available_msgs < num_messages) {
-                               shared_queue_get(compressed_res_queue);
-                               num_available_msgs++;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(lookup_table_list_ret);
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list_ret, write_streams_list)
+               list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list_ret);
 
-       if (msgs) {
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_messages; i++) {
-                       for (size_t j = 0; j < MAX_CHUNKS_PER_MSG; j++) {
-                               FREE(msgs[i].compressed_chunks[j]);
-                               FREE(msgs[i].uncompressed_chunks[j]);
-                       }
-               }
-               FREE(msgs);
-       }
+       ret = determine_stream_size_uniquity(stream_list_ret, wim->lookup_table,
+                                            filter_ctx_ret);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       FREE(cur_chunk_tab);
-       return ret;
-}
+       if (may_filter_streams(filter_ctx_ret))
+               filter_stream_list_for_write(stream_list_ret, filter_ctx_ret);
 
-static long
-get_default_num_threads()
-{
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       return win32_get_number_of_processors();
-#else
-       return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
-#endif
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-write_stream_list_parallel(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                          FILE *out_fp,
-                          int out_ctype,
-                          int write_flags,
-                          unsigned num_threads,
-                          wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                 unsigned num_threads,
+                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+                 struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct shared_queue res_to_compress_queue;
-       struct shared_queue compressed_res_queue;
-       pthread_t *compressor_threads = NULL;
-
-       if (num_threads == 0) {
-               long nthreads = get_default_num_threads();
-               if (nthreads < 1 || nthreads > UINT_MAX) {
-                       WARNING("Could not determine number of processors! Assuming 1");
-                       goto out_serial;
-               } else {
-                       num_threads = nthreads;
+       struct list_head _stream_list;
+       struct list_head *stream_list;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct filter_context _filter_ctx;
+       struct filter_context *filter_ctx;
+
+       if (stream_list_override == NULL) {
+               /* Normal case: prepare stream list from image(s) being written.
+                */
+               stream_list = &_stream_list;
+               filter_ctx = &_filter_ctx;
+               ret = prepare_stream_list_for_write(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                                   stream_list,
+                                                   lookup_table_list_ret,
+                                                   filter_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       } else {
+               /* Currently only as a result of wimlib_split() being called:
+                * use stream list already explicitly provided.  Use existing
+                * reference counts.  */
+               stream_list = stream_list_override;
+               filter_ctx = NULL;
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(lookup_table_list_ret);
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, write_streams_list) {
+                       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
+                       lte->will_be_in_output_wim = 1;
+                       lte->unique_size = 0;
+                       list_add_tail(&lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list_ret);
                }
        }
 
-       progress->write_streams.num_threads = num_threads;
-       wimlib_assert(stream_list->next != stream_list);
+       return write_stream_list(stream_list,
+                                &wim->out_fd,
+                                write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags),
+                                wim->out_compression_type,
+                                wim->out_chunk_size,
+                                num_threads,
+                                wim->lookup_table,
+                                filter_ctx,
+                                progress_func);
+}
 
-       static const double MESSAGES_PER_THREAD = 2.0;
-       size_t queue_size = (size_t)(num_threads * MESSAGES_PER_THREAD);
+static int
+write_wim_metadata_resources(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       int start_image;
+       int end_image;
+       int write_resource_flags;
 
-       DEBUG("Initializing shared queues (queue_size=%zu)", queue_size);
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA) {
+               DEBUG("Not writing any metadata resources.");
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-       ret = shared_queue_init(&res_to_compress_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_serial;
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
 
-       ret = shared_queue_init(&compressed_res_queue, queue_size);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue;
+       write_resource_flags &= ~WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
 
-       struct compressor_thread_params params;
-       params.res_to_compress_queue = &res_to_compress_queue;
-       params.compressed_res_queue = &compressed_res_queue;
-       params.compress = get_compress_func(out_ctype);
+       DEBUG("Writing metadata resources (offset=%"PRIu64")",
+             wim->out_fd.offset);
 
-       compressor_threads = MALLOC(num_threads * sizeof(pthread_t));
-       if (!compressor_threads) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_destroy_compressed_res_queue;
-       }
+       if (progress_func)
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_BEGIN, NULL);
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               DEBUG("pthread_create thread %u", i);
-               ret = pthread_create(&compressor_threads[i], NULL,
-                                    compressor_thread_proc, &params);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       ret = -1;
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create compressor "
-                                        "thread %u", i);
-                       num_threads = i;
-                       goto out_join;
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+               start_image = 1;
+               end_image = wim->hdr.image_count;
+       } else {
+               start_image = image;
+               end_image = image;
+       }
+
+       for (int i = start_image; i <= end_image; i++) {
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+
+               imd = wim->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               /* Build a new metadata resource only if image was modified from
+                * the original (or was newly added).  Otherwise just copy the
+                * existing one.  */
+               if (imd->modified) {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was modified; building and writing new "
+                             "metadata resource", i);
+                       ret = write_metadata_resource(wim, i,
+                                                     write_resource_flags);
+               } else if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE) {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was not modified; re-using existing "
+                             "metadata resource.", i);
+                       stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(imd->metadata_lte);
+                       ret = 0;
+               } else {
+                       DEBUG("Image %u was not modified; copying existing "
+                             "metadata resource.", i);
+                       ret = write_wim_resource(imd->metadata_lte,
+                                                &wim->out_fd,
+                                                wim->out_compression_type,
+                                                wim->out_chunk_size,
+                                                write_resource_flags);
                }
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
-
        if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_STREAMS, progress);
-
-       ret = main_writer_thread_proc(stream_list,
-                                     out_fp,
-                                     out_ctype,
-                                     &res_to_compress_queue,
-                                     &compressed_res_queue,
-                                     queue_size,
-                                     write_flags,
-                                     progress_func,
-                                     progress);
-out_join:
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
-               shared_queue_put(&res_to_compress_queue, NULL);
-
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
-               if (pthread_join(compressor_threads[i], NULL)) {
-                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to join compressor "
-                                          "thread %u", i);
-               }
-       }
-       FREE(compressor_threads);
-out_destroy_compressed_res_queue:
-       shared_queue_destroy(&compressed_res_queue);
-out_destroy_res_to_compress_queue:
-       shared_queue_destroy(&res_to_compress_queue);
-       if (ret >= 0 && ret != WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM)
-               return ret;
-out_serial:
-       WARNING("Falling back to single-threaded compression");
-       return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                       out_fp,
-                                       out_ctype,
-                                       write_flags,
-                                       progress_func,
-                                       progress);
-
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_END, NULL);
+       return 0;
 }
-#endif
 
-/*
- * Write a list of streams to a WIM (@out_fp) using the compression type
- * @out_ctype and up to @num_threads compressor threads.
- */
 static int
-write_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list, FILE *out_fp,
-                 int out_ctype, int write_flags,
-                 unsigned num_threads,
-                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, int open_flags)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       size_t num_streams = 0;
-       u64 total_bytes = 0;
-       u64 total_compression_bytes = 0;
-       union wimlib_progress_info progress;
+       int raw_fd;
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%"TS"\" for writing.", path);
 
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, staging_list) {
-               num_streams++;
-               total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-               if (out_ctype != WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE
-                      && (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) != out_ctype ||
-                          (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)))
-               {
-                       total_compression_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-               }
+       raw_fd = topen(path, open_flags | O_BINARY, 0644);
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open \"%"TS"\" for writing", path);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
        }
-       progress.write_streams.total_bytes       = total_bytes;
-       progress.write_streams.total_streams     = num_streams;
-       progress.write_streams.completed_bytes   = 0;
-       progress.write_streams.completed_streams = 0;
-       progress.write_streams.num_threads       = num_threads;
-       progress.write_streams.compression_type  = out_ctype;
-       progress.write_streams._private          = 0;
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_COMPRESSION
-       if (total_compression_bytes >= 1000000 && num_threads != 1)
-               return write_stream_list_parallel(stream_list,
-                                                 out_fp,
-                                                 out_ctype,
-                                                 write_flags,
-                                                 num_threads,
-                                                 progress_func,
-                                                 &progress);
-       else
-#endif
-               return write_stream_list_serial(stream_list,
-                                               out_fp,
-                                               out_ctype,
-                                               write_flags,
-                                               progress_func,
-                                               &progress);
+       filedes_init(&wim->out_fd, raw_fd);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args {
-       WIMStruct *wim;
-       off_t end_offset;
-       struct list_head *stream_list;
-};
-
 static int
-lte_overwrite_prepare(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *arg)
+close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args *args = arg;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
-           lte->wim == args->wim &&
-           lte->resource_entry.offset + lte->resource_entry.size > args->end_offset)
-       {
-       #ifdef ENABLE_ERROR_MESSAGES
-               ERROR("The following resource is after the XML data:");
-               print_lookup_table_entry(lte, stderr);
-       #endif
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)) {
+               DEBUG("Closing WIM file.");
+               if (filedes_valid(&wim->out_fd))
+                       if (filedes_close(&wim->out_fd))
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-
-       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-       memcpy(&lte->output_resource_entry, &lte->resource_entry,
-              sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       if (!(lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
-               if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM || lte->wim != args->wim)
-                       list_add(&lte->staging_list, args->stream_list);
-       return 0;
+       filedes_invalidate(&wim->out_fd);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static int
-wim_prepare_streams(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset,
-                   struct list_head *stream_list)
+cmp_streams_by_out_rspec(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
-       struct lte_overwrite_prepare_args args = {
-               .wim         = wim,
-               .end_offset  = end_offset,
-               .stream_list = stream_list,
-       };
-       int ret;
+       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte1, *lte2;
 
-       for (int i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               ret = lte_overwrite_prepare(wim->image_metadata[i].metadata_lte,
-                                           &args);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-       return for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                     lte_overwrite_prepare, &args);
-}
+       lte1 = *(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry**)p1;
+       lte2 = *(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry**)p2;
 
-static int
-inode_find_streams_to_write(struct wim_inode *inode,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *table,
-                           struct list_head *stream_list)
-{
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, table);
-               if (lte) {
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0)
-                               list_add_tail(&lte->staging_list, stream_list);
-                       lte->out_refcnt += inode->i_nlink;
+       if (lte1->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+               if (lte2->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+                       if (lte1->out_res_offset_in_wim != lte2->out_res_offset_in_wim)
+                               return cmp_u64(lte1->out_res_offset_in_wim,
+                                              lte2->out_res_offset_in_wim);
+               } else {
+                       return 1;
                }
+       } else {
+               if (lte2->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                       return -1;
        }
-       return 0;
+       return cmp_u64(lte1->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim,
+                      lte2->out_reshdr.offset_in_wim);
 }
 
 static int
-image_find_streams_to_write(WIMStruct *w)
+write_wim_lookup_table(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                      struct wim_reshdr *out_reshdr,
+                      struct list_head *lookup_table_list)
 {
-       struct wim_inode *inode;
-       struct hlist_node *cur;
-       struct hlist_head *inode_list;
+       int ret;
 
-       inode_list = &wim_get_current_image_metadata(w)->inode_list;
-       hlist_for_each_entry(inode, cur, inode_list, i_hlist) {
-               inode_find_streams_to_write(inode, w->lookup_table,
-                                           (struct list_head*)w->private);
+       /* Set output resource metadata for streams already present in WIM.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list)
+               {
+                       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM &&
+                           lte->rspec->wim == wim)
+                       {
+                               stream_set_out_reshdr_for_reuse(lte);
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       return 0;
-}
 
-static int
-write_wim_streams(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
-                            unsigned num_threads,
-                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
+       ret = sort_stream_list(lookup_table_list,
+                              offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, lookup_table_list),
+                              cmp_streams_by_out_rspec);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
-       LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       w->private = &stream_list;
-       for_image(w, image, image_find_streams_to_write);
-       return write_stream_list(&stream_list, w->out_fp,
-                                wimlib_get_compression_type(w), write_flags,
-                                num_threads, progress_func);
+       /* Add entries for metadata resources.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)) {
+               int start_image;
+               int end_image;
+
+               if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+                       start_image = 1;
+                       end_image = wim->hdr.image_count;
+               } else {
+                       start_image = image;
+                       end_image = image;
+               }
+
+               /* Push metadata resource lookup table entries onto the front of
+                * the list in reverse order, so that they're written in order.
+                */
+               for (int i = end_image; i >= start_image; i--) {
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
+
+                       metadata_lte = wim->image_metadata[i - 1]->metadata_lte;
+                       wimlib_assert(metadata_lte->out_reshdr.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA);
+                       metadata_lte->out_refcnt = 1;
+                       list_add(&metadata_lte->lookup_table_list, lookup_table_list);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return write_wim_lookup_table_from_stream_list(lookup_table_list,
+                                                      &wim->out_fd,
+                                                      wim->hdr.part_number,
+                                                      out_reshdr,
+                                                      write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags));
 }
 
 /*
+ * finish_write():
+ *
  * Finish writing a WIM file: write the lookup table, xml data, and integrity
- * table (optional), then overwrite the WIM header.
+ * table, then overwrite the WIM header.  By default, closes the WIM file
+ * descriptor (@wim->out_fd) if successful.
  *
  * write_flags is a bitwise OR of the following:
  *
- *     (public)  WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY:
- *             Include an integrity table.
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY:
+ *             Include an integrity table.
  *
- *     (public)  WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SHOW_PROGRESS:
- *             Show progress information when (if) writing the integrity table.
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC:
+ *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE:
- *             Don't write the lookup table.
+ *     (public) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE:
+ *             Writing a pipable WIM, possibly to a pipe; include pipable WIM
+ *             stream headers before the lookup table and XML data, and also
+ *             write the WIM header at the end instead of seeking to the
+ *             beginning.  Can't be combined with
+ *             WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE:
- *             When (if) writing the integrity table, re-use entries from the
- *             existing integrity table, if possible.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE:
+ *             Don't write the lookup table.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML:
- *             After writing the XML data but before writing the integrity
- *             table, write a temporary WIM header and flush the stream so that
- *             the WIM is less likely to become corrupted upon abrupt program
- *             termination.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE:
+ *             When (if) writing the integrity table, re-use entries from the
+ *             existing integrity table, if possible.
  *
- *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC:
- *             fsync() the output file before closing it.
- *
- */
-int
-finish_write(WIMStruct *w, int image, int write_flags,
-            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML:
+ *             After writing the XML data but before writing the integrity
+ *             table, write a temporary WIM header and flush the stream so that
+ *             the WIM is less likely to become corrupted upon abrupt program
+ *             termination.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END:
+ *             Instead of overwriting the WIM header at the beginning of the
+ *             file, simply append it to the end of the file.  (Used when
+ *             writing to pipe.)
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR:
+ *             Do not close the file descriptor @wim->out_fd on either success
+ *             on failure.
+ *     (private) WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES:
+ *             Use the existing <TOTALBYTES> stored in the in-memory XML
+ *             information, rather than setting it to the offset of the XML
+ *             data being written.
+ */
+static int
+finish_write(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+            struct list_head *lookup_table_list)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct wim_header hdr;
-       FILE *out = w->out_fp;
+       off_t hdr_offset;
+       int write_resource_flags;
+       off_t old_lookup_table_end;
+       off_t new_lookup_table_end;
+       u64 xml_totalbytes;
+
+       DEBUG("image=%d, write_flags=%08x", image, write_flags);
 
-       /* @hdr will be the header for the new WIM.  First copy all the data
-        * from the header in the WIMStruct; then set all the fields that may
-        * have changed, including the resource entries, boot index, and image
-        * count.  */
-       memcpy(&hdr, &w->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+       write_resource_flags = write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags);
+
+       /* In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
+        * metadata resource labeled as the "boot metadata".  This entry should
+        * be zeroed out if there is no bootable image (boot_idx 0).  Otherwise,
+        * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
+        * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...  */
+       if (wim->hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
+               zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr);
+       } else {
+               copy_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr,
+                           &wim->image_metadata[
+                               wim->hdr.boot_idx - 1]->metadata_lte->out_reshdr);
+       }
 
+       /* Write lookup table.  (Save old position first.)  */
+       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
        if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
-               ret = write_lookup_table(w, image, &hdr.lookup_table_res_entry);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
+               ret = write_wim_lookup_table(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                            &wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr,
+                                            lookup_table_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       ret = write_xml_data(w->wim_info, image, out,
-                            (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE) ?
-                             wim_info_get_total_bytes(w->wim_info) : 0,
-                            &hdr.xml_res_entry);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       /* Write XML data.  */
+       xml_totalbytes = wim->out_fd.offset;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
+               xml_totalbytes = WIM_TOTALBYTES_USE_EXISTING;
+       ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, xml_totalbytes,
+                                &wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr,
+                                write_resource_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
+       /* Write integrity table (optional).  */
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
                if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML) {
                        struct wim_header checkpoint_hdr;
-                       memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
-                       memset(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity, 0, sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-                       ret = write_header(&checkpoint_hdr, out);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out;
-
-                       if (fflush(out) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't write data to WIM");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-
-                       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end "
-                                                "of WIM being written");
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
+                       memcpy(&checkpoint_hdr, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+                       zero_reshdr(&checkpoint_hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
+                       checkpoint_hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+                       ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&checkpoint_hdr,
+                                                        &wim->out_fd, 0);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
 
-               off_t old_lookup_table_end;
-               off_t new_lookup_table_end;
-               if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE) {
-                       old_lookup_table_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                                              w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
-               } else {
+               if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE))
                        old_lookup_table_end = 0;
-               }
-               new_lookup_table_end = hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                                      hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
 
-               ret = write_integrity_table(out,
-                                           &hdr.integrity,
+               new_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                                      wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+
+               ret = write_integrity_table(wim,
                                            new_lookup_table_end,
                                            old_lookup_table_end,
                                            progress_func);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        } else {
-               memset(&hdr.integrity, 0, sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       }
+               /* No integrity table.  */
+               zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
+       }
+
+       /* Now that all information in the WIM header has been determined, the
+        * preliminary header written earlier can be overwritten, the header of
+        * the existing WIM file can be overwritten, or the final header can be
+        * written to the end of the pipable WIM.  */
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       hdr_offset = 0;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END)
+               hdr_offset = wim->out_fd.offset;
+       DEBUG("Writing new header @ %"PRIu64".", hdr_offset);
+       ret = write_wim_header_at_offset(&wim->hdr, &wim->out_fd, hdr_offset);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       /*
-        * In the WIM header, there is room for the resource entry for a
-        * metadata resource labeled as the "boot metadata".  This entry should
-        * be zeroed out if there is no bootable image (boot_idx 0).  Otherwise,
-        * it should be a copy of the resource entry for the image that is
-        * marked as bootable.  This is not well documented...
+       /* Possibly sync file data to disk before closing.  On POSIX systems, it
+        * is necessary to do this before using rename() to overwrite an
+        * existing file with a new file.  Otherwise, data loss would occur if
+        * the system is abruptly terminated when the metadata for the rename
+        * operation has been written to disk, but the new file data has not.
         */
-
-       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes */
-       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               hdr.image_count = 1;
-               if (hdr.boot_idx == image)
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 1;
-               else
-                       hdr.boot_idx = 0;
-       }
-
-       if (hdr.boot_idx == 0) {
-               memset(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry, 0,
-                      sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       } else {
-               memcpy(&hdr.boot_metadata_res_entry,
-                      &w->image_metadata[
-                         hdr.boot_idx - 1].metadata_lte->output_resource_entry,
-                      sizeof(struct resource_entry));
-       }
-
-       if (fseeko(out, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to beginning of WIM "
-                                "being written");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = write_header(&hdr, out);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
        if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC) {
-               if (fflush(out) != 0
-                   || fsync(fileno(out)) != 0)
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error flushing data to WIM file");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               DEBUG("Syncing WIM file.");
+               if (fsync(wim->out_fd.fd)) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error syncing data to WIM file");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
                }
        }
-out:
-       if (fclose(out) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the WIM file");
-               if (ret == 0)
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+
+       if (close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags)) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close the output WIM file");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
        }
-       w->out_fp = NULL;
-       return ret;
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) && defined(HAVE_FLOCK)
 int
-lock_wim(WIMStruct *w, FILE *fp)
+lock_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int fd)
 {
        int ret = 0;
-       if (fp && !w->wim_locked) {
-               ret = flock(fileno(fp), LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
+       if (fd != -1 && !wim->wim_locked) {
+               ret = flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
                                ERROR("`%"TS"' is already being modified or has been "
                                      "mounted read-write\n"
-                                     "        by another process!", w->filename);
+                                     "        by another process!", wim->filename);
                                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_ALREADY_LOCKED;
                        } else {
                                WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to lock `%"TS"'",
-                                                  w->filename);
+                                                  wim->filename);
                                ret = 0;
                        }
                } else {
-                       w->wim_locked = 1;
+                       wim->wim_locked = 1;
                }
        }
        return ret;
 }
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * write_pipable_wim():
+ *
+ * Perform the intermediate stages of creating a "pipable" WIM (i.e. a WIM
+ * capable of being applied from a pipe).
+ *
+ * Pipable WIMs are a wimlib-specific modification of the WIM format such that
+ * images can be applied from them sequentially when the file data is sent over
+ * a pipe.  In addition, a pipable WIM can be written sequentially to a pipe.
+ * The modifications made to the WIM format for pipable WIMs are:
+ *
+ * - Magic characters in header are "WLPWM\0\0\0" (wimlib pipable WIM) instead
+ *   of "MSWIM\0\0\0".  This lets wimlib know that the WIM is pipable and also
+ *   stops other software from trying to read the file as a normal WIM.
+ *
+ * - The header at the beginning of the file does not contain all the normal
+ *   information; in particular it will have all 0's for the lookup table and
+ *   XML data resource entries.  This is because this information cannot be
+ *   determined until the lookup table and XML data have been written.
+ *   Consequently, wimlib will write the full header at the very end of the
+ *   file.  The header at the end, however, is only used when reading the WIM
+ *   from a seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * - An extra copy of the XML data is placed directly after the header.  This
+ *   allows image names and sizes to be determined at an appropriate time when
+ *   reading the WIM from a pipe.  This copy of the XML data is ignored if the
+ *   WIM is read from a seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * - The format of resources, or streams, has been modified to allow them to be
+ *   used before the "lookup table" has been read.  Each stream is prefixed with
+ *   a `struct pwm_stream_hdr' that is basically an abbreviated form of `struct
+ *   wim_lookup_table_entry_disk' that only contains the SHA1 message digest,
+ *   uncompressed stream size, and flags that indicate whether the stream is
+ *   compressed.  The data of uncompressed streams then follows literally, while
+ *   the data of compressed streams follows in a modified format.  Compressed
+ *   streams do not begin with a chunk table, since the chunk table cannot be
+ *   written until all chunks have been compressed.  Instead, each compressed
+ *   chunk is prefixed by a `struct pwm_chunk_hdr' that gives its size.
+ *   Furthermore, the chunk table is written at the end of the resource instead
+ *   of the start.  Note: chunk offsets are given in the chunk table as if the
+ *   `struct pwm_chunk_hdr's were not present; also, the chunk table is only
+ *   used if the WIM is being read from a seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * - Metadata resources always come before other file resources (streams).
+ *   (This does not by itself constitute an incompatibility with normal WIMs,
+ *   since this is valid in normal WIMs.)
+ *
+ * - At least up to the end of the file resources, all components must be packed
+ *   as tightly as possible; there cannot be any "holes" in the WIM.  (This does
+ *   not by itself consititute an incompatibility with normal WIMs, since this
+ *   is valid in normal WIMs.)
+ *
+ * Note: the lookup table, XML data, and header at the end are not used when
+ * applying from a pipe.  They exist to support functionality such as image
+ * application and export when the WIM is *not* read from a pipe.
+ *
+ *   Layout of pipable WIM:
+ *
+ * ---------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+-----------+--------+
+ * | Header | XML data | Metadata resources | File resources | Lookup table | XML data  | Header |
+ * ---------+----------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+-----------+--------+
+ *
+ *   Layout of normal WIM:
+ *
+ * +--------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
+ * | Header | File and metadata resources | Lookup table | XML data |
+ * +--------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
+ *
+ * An optional integrity table can follow the final XML data in both normal and
+ * pipable WIMs.  However, due to implementation details, wimlib currently can
+ * only include an integrity table in a pipable WIM when writing it to a
+ * seekable file (not a pipe).
+ *
+ * Do note that since pipable WIMs are not supported by Microsoft's software,
+ * wimlib does not create them unless explicitly requested (with
+ * WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE) and as stated above they use different magic
+ * characters to identify the file.
+ */
 static int
-open_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path,
-                 bool trunc, bool also_readable)
+write_pipable_wim(WIMStruct *wim, int image, int write_flags,
+                 unsigned num_threads, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                 struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+                 struct list_head *lookup_table_list_ret)
 {
-       const tchar *mode;
-       if (trunc)
-               if (also_readable)
-                       mode = T("w+b");
-               else
-                       mode = T("wb");
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_reshdr xml_reshdr;
+
+       WARNING("Creating a pipable WIM, which will "
+               "be incompatible\n"
+               "          with Microsoft's software (wimgapi/imagex/Dism).");
+
+       /* At this point, the header at the beginning of the file has already
+        * been written.  */
+
+       /* For efficiency, when wimlib adds an image to the WIM with
+        * wimlib_add_image(), the SHA1 message digests of files is not
+        * calculated; instead, they are calculated while the files are being
+        * written.  However, this does not work when writing a pipable WIM,
+        * since when writing a stream to a pipable WIM, its SHA1 message digest
+        * needs to be known before the stream data is written.  Therefore,
+        * before getting much farther, we need to pre-calculate the SHA1
+        * message digests of all streams that will be written.  */
+       ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Write extra copy of the XML data.  */
+       ret = write_wim_xml_data(wim, image, WIM_TOTALBYTES_OMIT,
+                                &xml_reshdr,
+                                WRITE_RESOURCE_FLAG_PIPABLE);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Write metadata resources for the image(s) being included in the
+        * output WIM.  */
+       ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                          progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Write streams needed for the image(s) being included in the output
+        * WIM, or streams needed for the split WIM part.  */
+       return write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                lookup_table_list_ret);
+
+       /* The lookup table, XML data, and header at end are handled by
+        * finish_write().  */
+}
+
+/* Write a standalone WIM or split WIM (SWM) part to a new file or to a file
+ * descriptor.  */
+int
+write_wim_part(WIMStruct *wim,
+              const void *path_or_fd,
+              int image,
+              int write_flags,
+              unsigned num_threads,
+              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+              unsigned part_number,
+              unsigned total_parts,
+              struct list_head *stream_list_override,
+              const u8 *guid)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_header hdr_save;
+       struct list_head lookup_table_list;
+
+       if (total_parts == 1)
+               DEBUG("Writing standalone WIM.");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Writing split WIM part %u/%u", part_number, total_parts);
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
+               DEBUG("Including all images.");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Including image %d only.", image);
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               DEBUG("File descriptor: %d", *(const int*)path_or_fd);
        else
-               mode = T("r+b");
+               DEBUG("Path: \"%"TS"\"", (const tchar*)path_or_fd);
+       DEBUG("Write flags: 0x%08x", write_flags);
 
-       wimlib_assert(w->out_fp == NULL);
-       w->out_fp = tfopen(path, mode);
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               return 0;
-       } else {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open `%"TS"' for writing", path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY)
+               DEBUG("\tCHECK_INTEGRITY");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD)
+               DEBUG("\tREBUILD");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_RECOMPRESS)
+               DEBUG("\tRECOMPRESS");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC)
+               DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE)
+               DEBUG("\tFSYNC");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_FLAG)
+               DEBUG("\tIGNORE_READONLY_FLAG");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               DEBUG("\tPIPABLE");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE)
+               DEBUG("\tNOT_PIPABLE");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               DEBUG("\tPACK_STREAMS");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)
+               DEBUG("\tNO_PACK_STREAMS");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               DEBUG("\tFILE_DESCRIPTOR");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA)
+               DEBUG("\tNO_METADATA");
+
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_USE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES)
+               DEBUG("\tUSE_EXISTING_TOTALBYTES");
+
+       if (num_threads == 0)
+               DEBUG("Number of threads: autodetect");
+       else
+               DEBUG("Number of threads: %u", num_threads);
+       DEBUG("Progress function: %s", (progress_func ? "yes" : "no"));
+       DEBUG("Stream list:       %s", (stream_list_override ? "specified" : "autodetect"));
+       DEBUG("GUID:              %s", ((guid || wim->guid_set_explicitly) ?
+                                       "specified" : "generate new"));
+
+       /* Internally, this is always called with a valid part number and total
+        * parts.  */
+       wimlib_assert(total_parts >= 1);
+       wimlib_assert(part_number >= 1 && part_number <= total_parts);
+
+       /* A valid image (or all images) must be specified.  */
+       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES &&
+            (image < 1 || image > wim->hdr.image_count))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+
+       /* If we need to write metadata resources, make sure the ::WIMStruct has
+        * the needed information attached (e.g. is not a resource-only WIM,
+        * such as a non-first part of a split WIM).  */
+       if (!wim_has_metadata(wim) &&
+           !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_METADATA))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_METADATA_NOT_FOUND;
+
+       /* Check for contradictory flags.  */
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS))
+                               == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                                   WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* Save previous header, then start initializing the new one.  */
+       memcpy(&hdr_save, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+
+       /* Set default integrity, pipable, and packed stream flags.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE)))
+               if (wim_is_pipable(wim)) {
+                       DEBUG("WIM is pipable; default to PIPABLE.");
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE;
+               }
+
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
+               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim)) {
+                       DEBUG("Integrity table present; default to CHECK_INTEGRITY.");
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
+               }
+
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)))
+               if (wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS) {
+                       DEBUG("WIM version 3584; default to PACK_STREAMS.");
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+               }
+
+       if ((write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                           WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+                                   == (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE |
+                                       WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS))
+       {
+               ERROR("Cannot specify both PIPABLE and PACK_STREAMS!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
-}
 
+       /* Set appropriate magic number.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)
+               wim->hdr.magic = PWM_MAGIC;
+       else
+               wim->hdr.magic = WIM_MAGIC;
 
-void
-close_wim_writable(WIMStruct *w)
-{
-       if (w->out_fp) {
-               if (fclose(w->out_fp) != 0) {
-                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close output WIM");
+       /* Set appropriate version number.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS)
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS;
+       else
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_DEFAULT;
+
+       /* Clear header flags that will be set automatically.  */
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~(WIM_HDR_FLAG_METADATA_ONLY          |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_RESOURCE_ONLY          |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_SPANNED                |
+                           WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS);
+
+       /* Set SPANNED header flag if writing part of a split WIM.  */
+       if (total_parts != 1)
+               wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_SPANNED;
+
+       /* Set part number and total parts of split WIM.  This will be 1 and 1
+        * if the WIM is standalone.  */
+       wim->hdr.part_number = part_number;
+       wim->hdr.total_parts = total_parts;
+
+       /* Set compression type if different.  */
+       if (wim->compression_type != wim->out_compression_type) {
+               ret = set_wim_hdr_cflags(wim->out_compression_type, &wim->hdr);
+               wimlib_assert(ret == 0);
+       }
+
+       /* Set chunk size if different.  */
+       wim->hdr.chunk_size = wim->out_chunk_size;
+
+       /* Use GUID if specified; otherwise generate a new one.  */
+       if (guid)
+               memcpy(wim->hdr.guid, guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
+       else if (!wim->guid_set_explicitly)
+               randomize_byte_array(wim->hdr.guid, WIMLIB_GUID_LEN);
+
+       /* Clear references to resources that have not been written yet.  */
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.boot_metadata_reshdr);
+       zero_reshdr(&wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr);
+
+       /* Set image count and boot index correctly for single image writes.  */
+       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+               wim->hdr.image_count = 1;
+               if (wim->hdr.boot_idx == image)
+                       wim->hdr.boot_idx = 1;
+               else
+                       wim->hdr.boot_idx = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Split WIMs can't be bootable.  */
+       if (total_parts != 1)
+               wim->hdr.boot_idx = 0;
+
+       /* Initialize output file descriptor.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR) {
+               /* File descriptor was explicitly provided.  Return error if
+                * file descriptor is not seekable, unless writing a pipable WIM
+                * was requested.  */
+               wim->out_fd.fd = *(const int*)path_or_fd;
+               wim->out_fd.offset = 0;
+               if (!filedes_is_seekable(&wim->out_fd)) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+                       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+                               goto out_restore_hdr;
+                       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) {
+                               ERROR("Can't include integrity check when "
+                                     "writing pipable WIM to pipe!");
+                               goto out_restore_hdr;
+                       }
                }
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
+
+       } else {
+               /* Filename of WIM to write was provided; open file descriptor
+                * to it.  */
+               ret = open_wim_writable(wim, (const tchar*)path_or_fd,
+                                       O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_RDWR);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+       }
+
+       /* Write initial header.  This is merely a "dummy" header since it
+        * doesn't have all the information yet, so it will be overwritten later
+        * (unless writing a pipable WIM).  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       ret = write_wim_header(&wim->hdr, &wim->out_fd);
+       wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_restore_hdr;
+
+       /* Write metadata resources and streams.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
+               /* Default case: create a normal (non-pipable) WIM.  */
+               ret = write_wim_streams(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                       &lookup_table_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+
+               ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, image, write_flags,
+                                                  progress_func);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+       } else {
+               /* Non-default case: create pipable WIM.  */
+               ret = write_pipable_wim(wim, image, write_flags, num_threads,
+                                       progress_func, stream_list_override,
+                                       &lookup_table_list);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_restore_hdr;
+               write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_HEADER_AT_END;
        }
+
+
+       /* Write lookup table, XML data, and (optional) integrity table.  */
+       ret = finish_write(wim, image, write_flags, progress_func,
+                          &lookup_table_list);
+out_restore_hdr:
+       memcpy(&wim->hdr, &hdr_save, sizeof(struct wim_header));
+       (void)close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags);
+       DEBUG("ret=%d", ret);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/* Open file stream and write dummy header for WIM. */
-int
-begin_write(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path, int write_flags)
+/* Write a standalone WIM to a file or file descriptor.  */
+static int
+write_standalone_wim(WIMStruct *wim, const void *path_or_fd,
+                    int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       int ret;
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, path, true,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
-       /* Write dummy header. It will be overwritten later. */
-       return write_header(&w->hdr, w->out_fp);
+       return write_wim_part(wim, path_or_fd, image, write_flags,
+                             num_threads, progress_func, 1, 1, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-/* Writes a stand-alone WIM to a file.  */
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_write(WIMStruct *w, const tchar *path,
+wimlib_write(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path,
             int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
             wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       int ret;
-
        if (!path)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
        write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
 
-       if (image != WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES &&
-            (image < 1 || image > w->hdr.image_count))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
-
-       if (w->hdr.total_parts != 1) {
-               ERROR("Cannot call wimlib_write() on part of a split WIM");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_SPLIT_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
-
-       ret = begin_write(w, path, write_flags);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       ret = write_wim_streams(w, image, write_flags, num_threads,
-                               progress_func);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_BEGIN, NULL);
+       return write_standalone_wim(wim, path, image, write_flags,
+                                   num_threads, progress_func);
+}
 
-       ret = for_image(w, image, write_metadata_resource);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_write_to_fd(WIMStruct *wim, int fd,
+                  int image, int write_flags, unsigned num_threads,
+                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       if (fd < 0)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_WRITE_METADATA_END, NULL);
+       write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR;
 
-       ret = finish_write(w, image, write_flags, progress_func);
-out:
-       close_wim_writable(w);
-       DEBUG("wimlib_write(path=%"TS") = %d", path, ret);
-       return ret;
+       return write_standalone_wim(wim, &fd, image, write_flags,
+                                   num_threads, progress_func);
 }
 
 static bool
-any_images_modified(WIMStruct *w)
+any_images_modified(WIMStruct *wim)
 {
-       for (int i = 0; i < w->hdr.image_count; i++)
-               if (w->image_metadata[i].modified)
+       for (int i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++)
+               if (wim->image_metadata[i]->modified)
                        return true;
        return false;
 }
 
+static int
+check_resource_offset(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_wim)
+{
+       const WIMStruct *wim = _wim;
+       off_t end_offset = *(const off_t*)wim->private;
+
+       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM && lte->rspec->wim == wim &&
+           lte->rspec->offset_in_wim + lte->rspec->size_in_wim > end_offset)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Make sure no file or metadata resources are located after the XML data (or
+ * integrity table if present)--- otherwise we can't safely overwrite the WIM in
+ * place and we return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER.  */
+static int
+check_resource_offsets(WIMStruct *wim, off_t end_offset)
+{
+       int ret;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       wim->private = &end_offset;
+       ret = for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table, check_resource_offset, wim);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < wim->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               ret = check_resource_offset(wim->image_metadata[i]->metadata_lte, wim);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Overwrite a WIM, possibly appending streams to it.
  *
@@ -1879,215 +2878,295 @@ any_images_modified(WIMStruct *w)
  * small amount of space compared to the streams, however.)
  */
 static int
-overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+overwrite_wim_inplace(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                      unsigned num_threads,
                      wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct list_head stream_list;
        off_t old_wim_end;
-       bool found_modified_image;
+       u64 old_lookup_table_end, old_xml_begin, old_xml_end;
+       struct wim_header hdr_save;
+       struct list_head stream_list;
+       struct list_head lookup_table_list;
+       struct filter_context filter_ctx;
 
-       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", w->filename);
+       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' in-place", wim->filename);
 
-       /* Make sure that the integrity table (if present) is after the XML
-        * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
-        * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
-        * overwritten. */
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset != 0 &&
-           w->hdr.integrity.offset < w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
-               ERROR("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
-       }
+       /* Save original header so it can be restored in case of error  */
+       memcpy(&hdr_save, &wim->hdr, sizeof(struct wim_header));
 
-       if (w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset > w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset) {
-               ERROR("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
-       }
+       /* Set default integrity flag.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_CHECK_INTEGRITY)))
+               if (wim_has_integrity_table(wim))
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY;
 
+       /* Set default packed flag.  */
+       if (!(write_flags & (WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS |
+                            WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_PACK_STREAMS)))
+       {
+       #if 0
+               if (wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS;
+       #endif
+               /* wimlib allows multiple packs in a single WIM, but they don't
+                * seem to be compatible with WIMGAPI.  Write new streams
+                * unpacked.  */
+       } else if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS) {
+               wim->hdr.wim_version = WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS;
+       }
 
-       if (w->hdr.integrity.offset)
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.integrity.offset + w->hdr.integrity.size;
-       else
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.xml_res_entry.offset + w->hdr.xml_res_entry.size;
+       /* Set additional flags for overwrite.  */
+       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_OVERWRITE |
+                      WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_STREAMS_OK;
 
-       if (!w->deletion_occurred && !any_images_modified(w)) {
+       /* Make sure that the integrity table (if present) is after the XML
+        * data, and that there are no stream resources, metadata resources, or
+        * lookup tables after the XML data.  Otherwise, these data would be
+        * overwritten. */
+       old_xml_begin = wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr.offset_in_wim;
+       old_xml_end = old_xml_begin + wim->hdr.xml_data_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+       old_lookup_table_end = wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                              wim->hdr.lookup_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+       if (wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim != 0 &&
+           wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim < old_xml_end) {
+               WARNING("Didn't expect the integrity table to be before the XML data");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
+       }
+
+       if (old_lookup_table_end > old_xml_begin) {
+               WARNING("Didn't expect the lookup table to be after the XML data");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER;
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
+       }
+
+       /* Set @old_wim_end, which indicates the point beyond which we don't
+        * allow any file and metadata resources to appear without returning
+        * WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER (due to the fact that we would otherwise
+        * overwrite these resources). */
+       if (!wim->deletion_occurred && !any_images_modified(wim)) {
                /* If no images have been modified and no images have been
-                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written. */
-               old_wim_end = w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.offset +
-                             w->hdr.lookup_table_res_entry.size;
+                * deleted, a new lookup table does not need to be written.  We
+                * shall write the new XML data and optional integrity table
+                * immediately after the lookup table.  Note that this may
+                * overwrite an existing integrity table. */
+               DEBUG("Skipping writing lookup table "
+                     "(no images modified or deleted)");
+               old_wim_end = old_lookup_table_end;
                write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE |
                               WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECKPOINT_AFTER_XML;
+       } else if (wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim != 0) {
+               /* Old WIM has an integrity table; begin writing new streams
+                * after it. */
+               old_wim_end = wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.offset_in_wim +
+                             wim->hdr.integrity_table_reshdr.size_in_wim;
+       } else {
+               /* No existing integrity table; begin writing new streams after
+                * the old XML data. */
+               old_wim_end = old_xml_end;
        }
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stream_list);
-       ret = wim_prepare_streams(w, old_wim_end, &stream_list);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
 
-       ret = open_wim_writable(w, w->filename, false,
-                               (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_CHECK_INTEGRITY) != 0);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       ret = check_resource_offsets(wim, old_wim_end);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
 
-       ret = lock_wim(w, w->out_fp);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
-               return ret;
+       ret = prepare_stream_list_for_write(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
+                                           &stream_list, &lookup_table_list,
+                                           &filter_ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
+
+       ret = open_wim_writable(wim, wim->filename, O_RDWR);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_restore_memory_hdr;
+
+       ret = lock_wim(wim, wim->out_fd.fd);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_wim;
+
+       /* Set WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS flag in header. */
+       wim->hdr.flags |= WIM_HDR_FLAG_WRITE_IN_PROGRESS;
+       ret = write_wim_header_flags(wim->hdr.flags, &wim->out_fd);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error updating WIM header flags");
+               goto out_unlock_wim;
        }
 
-       if (fseeko(w->out_fp, old_wim_end, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+       if (filedes_seek(&wim->out_fd, old_wim_end) == -1) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't seek to end of WIM");
-               fclose(w->out_fp);
-               w->out_fp = NULL;
-               w->wim_locked = 0;
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               goto out_restore_physical_hdr;
        }
 
-       if (!list_empty(&stream_list)) {
-               DEBUG("Writing newly added streams (offset = %"PRIu64")",
-                     old_wim_end);
-               ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list, w->out_fp,
-                                       wimlib_get_compression_type(w),
-                                       write_flags, num_threads,
-                                       progress_func);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_ftruncate;
-       } else {
-               DEBUG("No new streams were added");
-       }
+       ret = write_stream_list(&stream_list,
+                               &wim->out_fd,
+                               write_flags_to_resource_flags(write_flags),
+                               wim->compression_type,
+                               wim->chunk_size,
+                               num_threads,
+                               wim->lookup_table,
+                               &filter_ctx,
+                               progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
+
+       ret = write_wim_metadata_resources(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
+                                          write_flags, progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
 
-       found_modified_image = false;
-       for (int i = 0; i < w->hdr.image_count; i++) {
-               if (w->image_metadata[i].modified) {
-                       select_wim_image(w, i + 1);
-                       ret = write_metadata_resource(w);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out_ftruncate;
-               }
-       }
        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REUSE_INTEGRITY_TABLE;
-       ret = finish_write(w, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
-                          progress_func);
-out_ftruncate:
-       close_wim_writable(w);
-       if (ret != 0 && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
+       ret = finish_write(wim, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
+                          progress_func, &lookup_table_list);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_truncate;
+
+       wim->wim_locked = 0;
+       return 0;
+
+out_truncate:
+       if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NO_LOOKUP_TABLE)) {
                WARNING("Truncating `%"TS"' to its original size (%"PRIu64" bytes)",
-                       w->filename, old_wim_end);
-               /* Return value of truncate() is ignored because this is already
-                * an error path. */
-               (void)ttruncate(w->filename, old_wim_end);
-       }
-       w->wim_locked = 0;
+                       wim->filename, old_wim_end);
+               /* Return value of ftruncate() is ignored because this is
+                * already an error path.  */
+               (void)ftruncate(wim->out_fd.fd, old_wim_end);
+       }
+out_restore_physical_hdr:
+       (void)write_wim_header_flags(hdr_save.flags, &wim->out_fd);
+out_unlock_wim:
+       wim->wim_locked = 0;
+out_close_wim:
+       (void)close_wim_writable(wim, write_flags);
+out_restore_memory_hdr:
+       memcpy(&wim->hdr, &hdr_save, sizeof(struct wim_header));
        return ret;
 }
 
 static int
-overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                          unsigned num_threads,
                          wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        size_t wim_name_len;
        int ret;
 
-       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' via a temporary file", w->filename);
+       DEBUG("Overwriting `%"TS"' via a temporary file", wim->filename);
 
        /* Write the WIM to a temporary file in the same directory as the
         * original WIM. */
-       wim_name_len = tstrlen(w->filename);
+       wim_name_len = tstrlen(wim->filename);
        tchar tmpfile[wim_name_len + 10];
-       tmemcpy(tmpfile, w->filename, wim_name_len);
+       tmemcpy(tmpfile, wim->filename, wim_name_len);
        randomize_char_array_with_alnum(tmpfile + wim_name_len, 9);
        tmpfile[wim_name_len + 9] = T('\0');
 
-       ret = wimlib_write(w, tmpfile, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
+       ret = wimlib_write(wim, tmpfile, WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES,
                           write_flags | WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FSYNC,
                           num_threads, progress_func);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR("Failed to write the WIM file `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
-               goto err;
+       if (ret) {
+               tunlink(tmpfile);
+               return ret;
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, w->filename);
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Windows won't let you delete open files unless FILE_SHARE_DELETE was
-        * specified to CreateFile().  The WIM was opened with fopen(), which
-        * didn't provided this flag to CreateFile, so the handle must be closed
-        * before executing the rename(). */
-       if (w->fp != NULL) {
-               fclose(w->fp);
-               w->fp = NULL;
-       }
-#endif
+       close_wim(wim);
 
-       /* Rename the new file to the old file .*/
-       if (trename(tmpfile, w->filename) != 0) {
+       /* Rename the new WIM file to the original WIM file.  Note: on Windows
+        * this actually calls win32_rename_replacement(), not _wrename(), so
+        * that removing the existing destination file can be handled.  */
+       DEBUG("Renaming `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'", tmpfile, wim->filename);
+       ret = trename(tmpfile, wim->filename);
+       if (ret) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to rename `%"TS"' to `%"TS"'",
-                                tmpfile, w->filename);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_RENAME;
-               goto err;
+                                tmpfile, wim->filename);
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               if (ret < 0)
+       #endif
+               {
+                       tunlink(tmpfile);
+               }
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_RENAME;
        }
 
        if (progress_func) {
                union wimlib_progress_info progress;
                progress.rename.from = tmpfile;
-               progress.rename.to = w->filename;
+               progress.rename.to = wim->filename;
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_RENAME, &progress);
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Close the original WIM file that was opened for reading. */
-       if (w->fp != NULL) {
-               fclose(w->fp);
-               w->fp = NULL;
-       }
+/* Determine if the specified WIM file may be updated by appending in-place
+ * rather than writing and replacing it with an entirely new file.  */
+static bool
+can_overwrite_wim_inplace(const WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags)
+{
+       /* REBUILD flag forces full rebuild.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD)
+               return false;
+
+       /* Deletions cause full rebuild by default.  */
+       if (wim->deletion_occurred && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE))
+               return false;
+
+       /* Pipable WIMs cannot be updated in place, nor can a non-pipable WIM be
+        * turned into a pipable WIM in-place.  */
+       if (wim_is_pipable(wim) || (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE))
+               return false;
+
+       /* wimlib allows multiple packs in a single WIM, but they don't seem to
+        * be compatible with WIMGAPI, so force all streams to be repacked if
+        * the WIM already may have contained a pack and PACK_STREAMS was
+        * requested.  */
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PACK_STREAMS &&
+           wim->hdr.wim_version == WIM_VERSION_PACKED_STREAMS)
+               return false;
+
+       /* The default compression type and compression chunk size selected for
+        * the output WIM must be the same as those currently used for the WIM.
+        */
+       if (wim->compression_type != wim->out_compression_type)
+               return false;
+       if (wim->chunk_size != wim->out_chunk_size)
+               return false;
 
-       /* Re-open the WIM read-only. */
-       w->fp = tfopen(w->filename, T("rb"));
-       if (w->fp == NULL) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_REOPEN;
-               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to re-open `%"TS"' read-only",
-                                  w->filename);
-               FREE(w->filename);
-               w->filename = NULL;
-       }
-       return ret;
-err:
-       /* Remove temporary file. */
-       if (tunlink(tmpfile) != 0)
-               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to remove `%"TS"'", tmpfile);
-       return ret;
+       return true;
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes a WIM file to the original file that it was read from, overwriting it.
- */
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *w, int write_flags,
+wimlib_overwrite(WIMStruct *wim, int write_flags,
                 unsigned num_threads,
                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
+       int ret;
+       u32 orig_hdr_flags;
+
        write_flags &= WIMLIB_WRITE_MASK_PUBLIC;
 
-       if (!w->filename)
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_FILE_DESCRIPTOR)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (!wim->filename)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NO_FILENAME;
 
-       if (w->hdr.total_parts != 1) {
-               ERROR("Cannot modify a split WIM");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_SPLIT_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
+       orig_hdr_flags = wim->hdr.flags;
+       if (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_FLAG)
+               wim->hdr.flags &= ~WIM_HDR_FLAG_READONLY;
+       ret = can_modify_wim(wim);
+       wim->hdr.flags = orig_hdr_flags;
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       if ((!w->deletion_occurred || (write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SOFT_DELETE))
-           && !(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_REBUILD))
-       {
-               int ret;
-               ret = overwrite_wim_inplace(w, write_flags, num_threads,
+       if (can_overwrite_wim_inplace(wim, write_flags)) {
+               ret = overwrite_wim_inplace(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                                            progress_func);
-               if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER)
-                       WARNING("Falling back to re-building entire WIM");
-               else
+               if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_ORDER)
                        return ret;
+               WARNING("Falling back to re-building entire WIM");
        }
-       return overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(w, write_flags, num_threads,
+       return overwrite_wim_via_tmpfile(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                                         progress_func);
 }