]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/win32.c
Replace _wcserror_s for Windows XP compatibility
[wimlib] / src / win32.c
index e2dc6a1b4396c2152413700b855232235d379fde..7636c5fe9d9b05d9b2d293890626cfdc4d801d17 100644 (file)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * win32.c
  *
- * All the code specific to native Windows builds is in here.
+ * All the library code specific to native Windows builds is in here.
  */
 
 /*
  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-#  error "This file contains Windows code"
-#endif
+#ifdef __WIN32__
 
 #include "config.h"
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <ntdef.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
-#include <shlwapi.h>
-#ifdef ERROR
+#include <shlwapi.h> /* shlwapi.h for PathMatchSpecW() */
+#ifdef ERROR /* windows.h defines this */
 #  undef ERROR
 #endif
 
-
-/* Microsoft's swprintf() violates the C standard and they require programmers
- * to do this weird define to get the correct function.  */
-#define swprintf _snwprintf
-
 #include "win32.h"
 #include "dentry.h"
 #include "lookup_table.h"
 #include "security.h"
+#include "endianness.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 
+#define MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS 1
+#define MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS 1
+struct win32_capture_state {
+       unsigned long num_get_sd_access_denied;
+       unsigned long num_get_sacl_priv_notheld;
+};
+
+#define MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS 1
+#define MAX_SET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS 1
+
+/* Pointers to functions that are not available on all targetted versions of
+ * Windows (XP and later).  NOTE: The WINAPI annotations seem to be important; I
+ * assume it specifies a certain calling convention. */
+
+/* Vista and later */
+static HANDLE (WINAPI *win32func_FindFirstStreamW)(LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+                                           STREAM_INFO_LEVELS InfoLevel,
+                                           LPVOID lpFindStreamData,
+                                           DWORD dwFlags) = NULL;
+
+/* Vista and later */
+static BOOL (WINAPI *win32func_FindNextStreamW)(HANDLE hFindStream,
+                                        LPVOID lpFindStreamData) = NULL;
+
+static HMODULE hKernel32 = NULL;
+
+/* Try to dynamically load some functions */
+void
+win32_global_init()
+{
+       DWORD err;
+
+       if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
+               DEBUG("Loading Kernel32.dll");
+               hKernel32 = LoadLibraryW(L"Kernel32.dll");
+               if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
+                       err = GetLastError();
+                       WARNING("Can't load Kernel32.dll");
+                       win32_error(err);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Looking for FindFirstStreamW");
+       win32func_FindFirstStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindFirstStreamW");
+       if (!win32func_FindFirstStreamW) {
+               WARNING("Could not find function FindFirstStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
+               WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Looking for FindNextStreamW");
+       win32func_FindNextStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindNextStreamW");
+       if (!win32func_FindNextStreamW) {
+               WARNING("Could not find function FindNextStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
+               WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
+               win32func_FindFirstStreamW = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+void
+win32_global_cleanup()
+{
+       if (hKernel32 != NULL) {
+               DEBUG("Closing Kernel32.dll");
+               FreeLibrary(hKernel32);
+               hKernel32 = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+static const wchar_t *capture_access_denied_msg =
+L"         If you are not running this program as the administrator, you may\n"
+ "         need to do so, so that all data and metadata can be backed up.\n"
+ "         Otherwise, there may be no way to access the desired data or\n"
+ "         metadata without taking ownership of the file or directory.\n"
+ ;
+
+static const wchar_t *apply_access_denied_msg =
+L"If you are not running this program as the administrator, you may\n"
+ "          need to do so, so that all data and metadata can be extracted\n"
+ "          exactly as the origignal copy.  However, if you do not care that\n"
+ "          the security descriptors are extracted correctly, you could run\n"
+ "          `wimlib-imagex apply' with the --no-acls flag instead.\n"
+ ;
+
 #ifdef ENABLE_ERROR_MESSAGES
-void win32_error(u32 err_code)
+void
+win32_error(u32 err_code)
 {
-       char *buffer;
+       wchar_t *buffer;
        DWORD nchars;
-       nchars = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
+       nchars = FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                                   FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
                                NULL, err_code, 0,
-                               (char*)&buffer, 0, NULL);
+                               (wchar_t*)&buffer, 0, NULL);
        if (nchars == 0) {
                ERROR("Error printing error message! "
                      "Computer will self-destruct in 3 seconds.");
        } else {
-               ERROR("Win32 error: %s", buffer);
+               ERROR("Win32 error: %ls", buffer);
                LocalFree(buffer);
        }
 }
-#else
-#define win32_error(err_code)
+
+void
+win32_error_last()
+{
+       win32_error(GetLastError());
+}
 #endif
 
-void *win32_open_file_readonly(const void *path)
+static HANDLE
+win32_open_existing_file(const wchar_t *path, DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
 {
-       return CreateFileW((const wchar_t*)path,
-                          FILE_READ_DATA |
-                              FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES |
-                              READ_CONTROL |
-                              ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY,
+       return CreateFileW(path,
+                          dwDesiredAccess,
                           FILE_SHARE_READ,
                           NULL, /* lpSecurityAttributes */
                           OPEN_EXISTING,
@@ -83,8 +167,15 @@ void *win32_open_file_readonly(const void *path)
                           NULL /* hTemplateFile */);
 }
 
-int win32_read_file(const char *filename,
-                   void *handle, u64 offset, size_t size, u8 *buf)
+HANDLE
+win32_open_file_data_only(const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       return win32_open_existing_file(path, FILE_READ_DATA);
+}
+
+int
+win32_read_file(const wchar_t *filename,
+               void *handle, u64 offset, size_t size, void *buf)
 {
        HANDLE h = handle;
        DWORD err;
@@ -97,149 +188,70 @@ int win32_read_file(const char *filename,
                if (ReadFile(h, buf, size, &bytesRead, NULL) && bytesRead == size)
                        return 0;
        err = GetLastError();
-       ERROR("Error reading \"%s\"", filename);
+       ERROR("Error reading \"%ls\"", filename);
        win32_error(err);
        return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 }
 
-void win32_close_file(void *handle)
+void
+win32_close_file(void *handle)
 {
        CloseHandle((HANDLE)handle);
 }
 
-static bool win32_modify_privilege(const char *privilege, bool enable)
-{
-       HANDLE hToken;
-       LUID luid;
-       TOKEN_PRIVILEGES newState;
-       bool ret = false;
-
-       DEBUG("%s privilege %s",
-             enable ? "Enabling" : "Disabling", privilege);
-
-       if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(),
-                             TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY,
-                             &hToken))
-       {
-               DEBUG("OpenProcessToken() failed");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, privilege, &luid)) {
-               DEBUG("LookupPrivilegeValue() failed");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       newState.PrivilegeCount = 1;
-       newState.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
-       newState.Privileges[0].Attributes = (enable ? SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : 0);
-       ret = AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &newState, 0, NULL, NULL);
-       if (!ret)
-               DEBUG("AdjustTokenPrivileges() failed");
-       CloseHandle(hToken);
-out:
-       if (!ret) {
-               DWORD err = GetLastError();
-               win32_error(err);
-               WARNING("Failed to %s privilege %s",
-                       enable ? "enable" : "disable", privilege);
-               WARNING("The program will continue, but if permission issues are "
-                       "encountered, you may need to run this program as the administrator");
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static bool win32_acquire_privilege(const char *privilege)
-{
-       return win32_modify_privilege(privilege, true);
-}
-
-static bool win32_release_privilege(const char *privilege)
-{
-       return win32_modify_privilege(privilege, false);
-}
-
-
-void win32_acquire_capture_privileges()
-{
-       win32_acquire_privilege(SE_BACKUP_NAME);
-       win32_acquire_privilege(SE_SECURITY_NAME);
-}
-
-void win32_release_capture_privileges()
-{
-       win32_release_privilege(SE_BACKUP_NAME);
-       win32_release_privilege(SE_SECURITY_NAME);
-}
-
-void win32_acquire_restore_privileges()
-{
-       win32_acquire_privilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME);
-       win32_acquire_privilege(SE_SECURITY_NAME);
-       win32_acquire_privilege(SE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP_NAME);
-}
-
-void win32_release_restore_privileges()
-{
-       win32_release_privilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME);
-       win32_release_privilege(SE_SECURITY_NAME);
-       win32_release_privilege(SE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP_NAME);
-}
-
-static u64 FILETIME_to_u64(const FILETIME *ft)
+static u64
+FILETIME_to_u64(const FILETIME *ft)
 {
        return ((u64)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) | (u64)ft->dwLowDateTime;
 }
 
-
-int win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
-                           const char *root_disk_path,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                           struct wim_security_data *sd,
-                           const struct capture_config *config,
-                           int add_image_flags,
-                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                           void *extra_arg);
-
-static int win32_get_short_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                               const wchar_t *path_utf16)
+static int
+win32_get_short_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const wchar_t *path)
 {
        WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
-       if (FindFirstFileW(path_utf16, &dat) &&
-           dat.cAlternateFileName[0] != L'\0')
-       {
-               size_t short_name_len = wcslen(dat.cAlternateFileName) * 2;
-               size_t n = short_name_len + sizeof(wchar_t);
+       if (FindFirstFileW(path, &dat) && dat.cAlternateFileName[0] != L'\0') {
+               size_t short_name_nbytes = wcslen(dat.cAlternateFileName) *
+                                          sizeof(wchar_t);
+               size_t n = short_name_nbytes + sizeof(wchar_t);
                dentry->short_name = MALLOC(n);
                if (!dentry->short_name)
                        return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                memcpy(dentry->short_name, dat.cAlternateFileName, n);
-               dentry->short_name_len = short_name_len;
+               dentry->short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
        }
+       /* If we can't read the short filename for some reason, we just ignore
+        * the error and assume the file has no short name.  I don't think this
+        * should be an issue, since the short names are essentially obsolete
+        * anyway. */
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int win32_get_security_descriptor(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                                        struct sd_set *sd_set,
-                                        const wchar_t *path_utf16)
+static int
+win32_get_security_descriptor(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                             struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                             const wchar_t *path,
+                             struct win32_capture_state *state,
+                             int add_image_flags)
 {
        SECURITY_INFORMATION requestedInformation;
        DWORD lenNeeded = 0;
        BOOL status;
        DWORD err;
+       unsigned long n;
 
        requestedInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
                               SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
                               OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
                               GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+again:
        /* Request length of security descriptor */
-       status = GetFileSecurityW(path_utf16, requestedInformation,
+       status = GetFileSecurityW(path, requestedInformation,
                                  NULL, 0, &lenNeeded);
        err = GetLastError();
        if (!status && err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
                DWORD len = lenNeeded;
                char buf[len];
-               if (GetFileSecurityW(path_utf16, requestedInformation,
+               if (GetFileSecurityW(path, requestedInformation,
                                     (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)buf, len, &lenNeeded))
                {
                        int security_id = sd_set_add_sd(sd_set, buf, len);
@@ -253,50 +265,91 @@ static int win32_get_security_descriptor(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
                        err = GetLastError();
                }
        }
-       ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\"",
-             path_utf16);
-       win32_error(err);
-       return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+
+       if (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)
+               goto fail;
+
+       switch (err) {
+       case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD:
+               if (requestedInformation & SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION) {
+                       n = state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld++;
+                       requestedInformation &= ~SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+                       if (n < MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"We don't have enough privileges to read the full security\n"
+"          descriptor of \"%ls\"!\n"
+"          Re-trying with SACL omitted.\n", path);
+                       } else if (n == MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"Suppressing further privileges not held error messages when reading\n"
+"          security descriptors.");
+                       }
+                       goto again;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+               n = state->num_get_sd_access_denied++;
+               if (n < MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\": "
+                               "Access denied!\n%ls", path, capture_access_denied_msg);
+               } else if (n == MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Suppressing further access denied errors messages i"
+                               "when reading security descriptors");
+               }
+               return 0;
+       default:
+fail:
+               ERROR("Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
 }
 
+static int
+win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                                 wchar_t *path,
+                                 size_t path_num_chars,
+                                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                                 struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                                 const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                                 int add_image_flags,
+                                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                                 struct win32_capture_state *state);
+
 /* Reads the directory entries of directory using a Win32 API and recursively
- * calls build_dentry_tree() on them. */
-static int win32_recurse_directory(struct wim_dentry *root,
-                                  const char *root_disk_path,
-                                  struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                                  struct wim_security_data *sd,
-                                  const struct capture_config *config,
-                                  int add_image_flags,
-                                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                                  struct sd_set *sd_set,
-                                  const wchar_t *path_utf16,
-                                  size_t path_utf16_nchars)
+ * calls win32_build_dentry_tree() on them. */
+static int
+win32_recurse_directory(struct wim_dentry *root,
+                       wchar_t *dir_path,
+                       size_t dir_path_num_chars,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                       struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                       const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                       int add_image_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                       struct win32_capture_state *state)
 {
        WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
        HANDLE hFind;
        DWORD err;
        int ret;
 
-       {
-               /* Begin reading the directory by calling FindFirstFileW.
-                * Unlike UNIX opendir(), FindFirstFileW has file globbing built
-                * into it.  But this isn't what we actually want, so just add a
-                * dummy glob to get all entries. */
-               wchar_t pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 3];
-               memcpy(pattern_buf, path_utf16,
-                      path_utf16_nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
-               pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars] = L'/';
-               pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 1] = L'*';
-               pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 2] = L'\0';
-               hFind = FindFirstFileW(pattern_buf, &dat);
-       }
+       /* Begin reading the directory by calling FindFirstFileW.  Unlike UNIX
+        * opendir(), FindFirstFileW has file globbing built into it.  But this
+        * isn't what we actually want, so just add a dummy glob to get all
+        * entries. */
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'/';
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars + 1] = L'*';
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars + 2] = L'\0';
+       hFind = FindFirstFileW(dir_path, &dat);
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'\0';
+
        if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
                err = GetLastError();
                if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
                        return 0;
                } else {
-                       ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read directory \"%s\"",
-                             root_disk_path);
+                       ERROR("Failed to read directory \"%ls\"", dir_path);
                        win32_error(err);
                        return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
                }
@@ -304,36 +357,38 @@ static int win32_recurse_directory(struct wim_dentry *root,
        ret = 0;
        do {
                /* Skip . and .. entries */
-               if (!(dat.cFileName[0] == L'.' &&
-                     (dat.cFileName[1] == L'\0' ||
-                      (dat.cFileName[1] == L'.' && dat.cFileName[2] == L'\0'))))
-               {
-                       struct wim_dentry *child;
-
-                       char *utf8_name;
-                       size_t utf8_name_nbytes;
-                       ret = utf16_to_utf8((const char*)dat.cFileName,
-                                           wcslen(dat.cFileName) * sizeof(wchar_t),
-                                           &utf8_name,
-                                           &utf8_name_nbytes);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_find_close;
-
-                       char name[strlen(root_disk_path) + 1 + utf8_name_nbytes + 1];
-                       sprintf(name, "%s/%s", root_disk_path, utf8_name);
-                       FREE(utf8_name);
-                       ret = win32_build_dentry_tree(&child, name, lookup_table,
-                                                     sd, config, add_image_flags,
-                                                     progress_func, sd_set);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_find_close;
-                       if (child)
-                               dentry_add_child(root, child);
-               }
+               if (dat.cFileName[0] == L'.' &&
+                   (dat.cFileName[1] == L'\0' ||
+                    (dat.cFileName[1] == L'.' &&
+                     dat.cFileName[2] == L'\0')))
+                       continue;
+               size_t filename_len = wcslen(dat.cFileName);
+
+               dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'/';
+               wmemcpy(dir_path + dir_path_num_chars + 1,
+                       dat.cFileName,
+                       filename_len + 1);
+
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
+               size_t path_len = dir_path_num_chars + 1 + filename_len;
+               ret = win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(&child,
+                                                       dir_path,
+                                                       path_len,
+                                                       lookup_table,
+                                                       sd_set,
+                                                       config,
+                                                       add_image_flags,
+                                                       progress_func,
+                                                       state);
+               dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'\0';
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_find_close;
+               if (child)
+                       dentry_add_child(root, child);
        } while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &dat));
        err = GetLastError();
        if (err != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read directory \"%s\"", root_disk_path);
+               ERROR("Failed to read directory \"%ls\"", dir_path);
                win32_error(err);
                if (ret == 0)
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
@@ -354,14 +409,14 @@ out_find_close:
  *                 for the reparse point unless an entry already exists for
  *                 the exact same data stream.
  *
- * @path:  External path to the parse point (UTF-8).  Used for error messages
- *         only.
+ * @path:  External path to the reparse point.  Used for error messages only.
  *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure. */
-static int win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
-                                      struct wim_inode *inode,
-                                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                                      const char *path)
+static int
+win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
+                           struct wim_inode *inode,
+                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                           const wchar_t *path)
 {
        /* "Reparse point data, including the tag and optional GUID,
         * cannot exceed 16 kilobytes." - MSDN  */
@@ -369,21 +424,27 @@ static int win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
        DWORD bytesReturned;
 
        if (!DeviceIoControl(hFile, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
-                            NULL, 0, reparse_point_buf,
-                            sizeof(reparse_point_buf), &bytesReturned, NULL))
+                            NULL, /* "Not used with this operation; set to NULL" */
+                            0, /* "Not used with this operation; set to 0" */
+                            reparse_point_buf, /* "A pointer to a buffer that
+                                                  receives the reparse point data */
+                            sizeof(reparse_point_buf), /* "The size of the output
+                                                          buffer, in bytes */
+                            &bytesReturned,
+                            NULL))
        {
                DWORD err = GetLastError();
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get reparse data of \"%s\"", path);
+               ERROR("Failed to get reparse data of \"%ls\"", path);
                win32_error(err);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
        }
        if (bytesReturned < 8) {
-               ERROR("Reparse data on \"%s\" is invalid", path);
+               ERROR("Reparse data on \"%ls\" is invalid", path);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
        }
-       inode->i_reparse_tag = *(u32*)reparse_point_buf;
-       return inode_add_ads_with_data(inode, "",
-                                      (const u8*)reparse_point_buf + 8,
+       inode->i_reparse_tag = le32_to_cpu(*(u32*)reparse_point_buf);
+       return inode_add_ads_with_data(inode, L"",
+                                      reparse_point_buf + 8,
                                       bytesReturned - 8, lookup_table);
 }
 
@@ -398,7 +459,8 @@ static int win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
  *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
-static int win32_sha1sum(const wchar_t *path, u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
+static int
+win32_sha1sum(const wchar_t *path, u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
 {
        HANDLE hFile;
        SHA_CTX ctx;
@@ -406,7 +468,7 @@ static int win32_sha1sum(const wchar_t *path, u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
        DWORD bytesRead;
        int ret;
 
-       hFile = win32_open_file_readonly(path);
+       hFile = win32_open_file_data_only(path);
        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
 
@@ -432,9 +494,9 @@ out_close_handle:
  * wim_lookup_table_entry' in memory for it, or uses an existing 'struct
  * wim_lookup_table_entry' for an identical stream.
  *
- * @path_utf16:         Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
+ * @path:               Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
  *
- * @path_utf16_nchars:  Number of 2-byte characters in @path_utf16.
+ * @path_num_chars:     Number of 2-byte characters in @path.
  *
  * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
  *
@@ -445,28 +507,33 @@ out_close_handle:
  *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
-static int win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
-                               size_t path_utf16_nchars,
-                               struct wim_inode *inode,
-                               struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                               WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA *dat)
+static int
+win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path,
+                    size_t path_num_chars,
+                    struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                    WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA *dat)
 {
        struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
        u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
        int ret;
-       wchar_t *p, *colon;
+       wchar_t *stream_name, *colon;
+       size_t stream_name_nchars;
        bool is_named_stream;
        wchar_t *spath;
        size_t spath_nchars;
        DWORD err;
+       size_t spath_buf_nbytes;
+       const wchar_t *relpath_prefix;
+       const wchar_t *colonchar;
 
        /* The stream name should be returned as :NAME:TYPE */
-       p = dat->cStreamName;
-       if (*p != L':')
+       stream_name = dat->cStreamName;
+       if (*stream_name != L':')
                goto out_invalid_stream_name;
-       p += 1;
-       colon = wcschr(p, L':');
+       stream_name += 1;
+       colon = wcschr(stream_name, L':');
        if (colon == NULL)
                goto out_invalid_stream_name;
 
@@ -476,47 +543,55 @@ static int win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
                goto out;
        }
 
-       is_named_stream = (p != colon);
+       *colon = '\0';
+
+       stream_name_nchars = colon - stream_name;
+       is_named_stream = (stream_name_nchars != 0);
+
        if (is_named_stream) {
                /* Allocate an ADS entry for the named stream. */
-               char *utf8_stream_name;
-               size_t utf8_stream_name_len;
-               ret = utf16_to_utf8((const char *)p,
-                                   (colon - p) * sizeof(wchar_t),
-                                   &utf8_stream_name,
-                                   &utf8_stream_name_len);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out;
-               ads_entry = inode_add_ads(inode, utf8_stream_name);
-               FREE(utf8_stream_name);
+               ads_entry = inode_add_ads_utf16le(inode, stream_name,
+                                                 stream_name_nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
                if (!ads_entry) {
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                        goto out;
                }
        }
 
-       /* Create a UTF-16 string @spath that gives the filename, then a colon,
-        * then the stream name.  Or, if it's an unnamed stream, just the
+       /* Create a UTF-16LE string @spath that gives the filename, then a
+        * colon, then the stream name.  Or, if it's an unnamed stream, just the
         * filename.  It is MALLOC()'ed so that it can be saved in the
-        * wim_lookup_table_entry if needed. */
-       *colon = '\0';
-       spath_nchars = path_utf16_nchars;
-       if (is_named_stream)
-               spath_nchars += colon - p + 1;
-
-       spath = MALLOC((spath_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
-       memcpy(spath, path_utf16, path_utf16_nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
+        * wim_lookup_table_entry if needed.
+        *
+        * As yet another special case, relative paths need to be changed to
+        * begin with an explicit "./" so that, for example, a file t:ads, where
+        * :ads is the part we added, is not interpreted as a file on the t:
+        * drive. */
+       spath_nchars = path_num_chars;
+       relpath_prefix = L"";
+       colonchar = L"";
        if (is_named_stream) {
-               spath[path_utf16_nchars] = L':';
-               memcpy(&spath[path_utf16_nchars + 1], p, (colon - p) * sizeof(wchar_t));
+               spath_nchars += 1 + stream_name_nchars;
+               colonchar = L":";
+               if (path_num_chars == 1 &&
+                   path[0] != L'/' &&
+                   path[0] != L'\\')
+               {
+                       spath_nchars += 2;
+                       relpath_prefix = L"./";
+               }
        }
-       spath[spath_nchars] = L'\0';
+
+       spath_buf_nbytes = (spath_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
+       spath = MALLOC(spath_buf_nbytes);
+
+       swprintf(spath, L"%ls%ls%ls%ls",
+                relpath_prefix, path, colonchar, stream_name);
 
        ret = win32_sha1sum(spath, hash);
        if (ret) {
                err = GetLastError();
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read \"%ls\" to calculate SHA1sum",
-                     path_utf16);
+               ERROR("Failed to read \"%ls\" to calculate SHA1sum", spath);
                win32_error(err);
                goto out_free_spath;
        }
@@ -533,7 +608,8 @@ static int win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                        goto out_free_spath;
                }
-               lte->file_on_disk = (char*)spath;
+               lte->file_on_disk = spath;
+               lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
                spath = NULL;
                lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_WIN32;
                lte->resource_entry.original_size = (uint64_t)dat->StreamSize.QuadPart;
@@ -550,7 +626,7 @@ out_free_spath:
 out:
        return ret;
 out_invalid_stream_name:
-       ERROR("Invalid stream name: \"%ls:%ls\"", path_utf16, dat->cStreamName);
+       ERROR("Invalid stream name: \"%ls:%ls\"", path, dat->cStreamName);
        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
        goto out;
 }
@@ -558,30 +634,41 @@ out_invalid_stream_name:
 /* Scans a Win32 file for unnamed and named data streams (not reparse point
  * streams).
  *
- * @path_utf16:         Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
+ * @path:               Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
  *
- * @path_utf16_nchars:  Number of 2-byte characters in @path_utf16.
+ * @path_num_chars:     Number of 2-byte characters in @path.
  *
  * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
  *
  * @lookup_table:       Stream lookup table for the WIM.
  *
+ * @file_size:         Size of unnamed data stream.  (Used only if alternate
+ *                      data streams API appears to be unavailable.)
+ *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
-static int win32_capture_streams(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
-                                size_t path_utf16_nchars,
-                                struct wim_inode *inode,
-                                struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+static int
+win32_capture_streams(const wchar_t *path,
+                     size_t path_num_chars,
+                     struct wim_inode *inode,
+                     struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                     u64 file_size)
 {
        WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA dat;
        int ret;
        HANDLE hFind;
        DWORD err;
 
-       hFind = FindFirstStreamW(path_utf16, FindStreamInfoStandard, &dat, 0);
+       if (win32func_FindFirstStreamW == NULL)
+               goto unnamed_only;
+
+       hFind = win32func_FindFirstStreamW(path, FindStreamInfoStandard, &dat, 0);
        if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
                err = GetLastError();
 
+               if (err == ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
+                       goto unnamed_only;
+
                /* Seems legal for this to return ERROR_HANDLE_EOF on reparse
                 * points and directories */
                if ((inode->i_attributes &
@@ -590,61 +677,86 @@ static int win32_capture_streams(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
                {
                        return 0;
                } else {
-                       ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to look up data streams of \"%ls\"",
-                             path_utf16);
-                       win32_error(err);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+                       if (err == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+                               /* XXX This maybe should be an error. */
+                               WARNING("Failed to look up data streams "
+                                       "of \"%ls\": Access denied!\n%ls",
+                                       path, capture_access_denied_msg);
+                               return 0;
+                       } else {
+                               ERROR("Failed to look up data streams "
+                                     "of \"%ls\"", path);
+                               win32_error(err);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+                       }
                }
        }
        do {
-               ret = win32_capture_stream(path_utf16,
-                                          path_utf16_nchars,
+               ret = win32_capture_stream(path,
+                                          path_num_chars,
                                           inode, lookup_table,
                                           &dat);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_find_close;
-       } while (FindNextStreamW(hFind, &dat));
+       } while (win32func_FindNextStreamW(hFind, &dat));
        err = GetLastError();
        if (err != ERROR_HANDLE_EOF) {
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Error reading data streams from \"%ls\"", path_utf16);
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Error reading data streams from \"%ls\"", path);
                win32_error(err);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
        }
 out_find_close:
        FindClose(hFind);
        return ret;
+unnamed_only:
+       /* FindFirstStreamW() API is not available.  Only capture the unnamed
+        * data stream. */
+       if (inode->i_attributes &
+            (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ret = 0;
+       } else {
+               /* Just create our own WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA for an unnamed
+                * stream to reduce the code to a call to the
+                * already-implemented win32_capture_stream() */
+               wcscpy(dat.cStreamName, L"::$DATA");
+               dat.StreamSize.QuadPart = file_size;
+               ret = win32_capture_stream(path,
+                                          path_num_chars,
+                                          inode, lookup_table,
+                                          &dat);
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/* Win32 version of capturing a directory tree */
-int win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
-                           const char *root_disk_path,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                           struct wim_security_data *sd,
-                           const struct capture_config *config,
-                           int add_image_flags,
-                           wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
-                           void *extra_arg)
+static int
+win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                                 wchar_t *path,
+                                 size_t path_num_chars,
+                                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                                 struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                                 const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                                 int add_image_flags,
+                                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                                 struct win32_capture_state *state)
 {
        struct wim_dentry *root = NULL;
-       int ret = 0;
        struct wim_inode *inode;
-
-       wchar_t *path_utf16;
-       size_t path_utf16_nchars;
-       struct sd_set *sd_set;
        DWORD err;
+       u64 file_size;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       if (exclude_path(root_disk_path, config, true)) {
+       if (exclude_path(path, path_num_chars, config, true)) {
                if (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT) {
                        ERROR("Cannot exclude the root directory from capture");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_CAPTURE_CONFIG;
                        goto out;
                }
-               if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE)
+               if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE)
                    && progress_func)
                {
                        union wimlib_progress_info info;
-                       info.scan.cur_path = root_disk_path;
+                       info.scan.cur_path = path;
                        info.scan.excluded = true;
                        progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
                }
@@ -655,55 +767,36 @@ int win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
            && progress_func)
        {
                union wimlib_progress_info info;
-               info.scan.cur_path = root_disk_path;
+               info.scan.cur_path = path;
                info.scan.excluded = false;
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
        }
 
-       if (extra_arg == NULL) {
-               sd_set = alloca(sizeof(struct sd_set));
-               sd_set->rb_root.rb_node = NULL,
-               sd_set->sd = sd;
-       } else {
-               sd_set = extra_arg;
-       }
-
-       ret = utf8_to_utf16(root_disk_path, strlen(root_disk_path),
-                           (char**)&path_utf16, &path_utf16_nchars);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_destroy_sd_set;
-       path_utf16_nchars /= sizeof(wchar_t);
-
-       HANDLE hFile = win32_open_file_readonly(path_utf16);
+       HANDLE hFile = win32_open_existing_file(path,
+                                               FILE_READ_DATA | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES);
        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
                err = GetLastError();
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to open \"%s\"", root_disk_path);
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to open \"%ls\"", path);
                win32_error(err);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-               goto out_free_path_utf16;
+               goto out;
        }
 
        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION file_info;
        if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &file_info)) {
                err = GetLastError();
-               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get file information for \"%s\"",
-                     root_disk_path);
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get file information for \"%ls\"",
+                     path);
                win32_error(err);
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
                goto out_close_handle;
        }
 
        /* Create a WIM dentry */
-       root = new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(path_basename(root_disk_path));
-       if (!root) {
-               if (errno == EILSEQ)
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF8_STRING;
-               else if (errno == ENOMEM)
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               else
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_ICONV_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+       ret = new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(path_basename_with_len(path, path_num_chars),
+                                            &root);
+       if (ret)
                goto out_close_handle;
-       }
 
        /* Start preparing the associated WIM inode */
        inode = root->d_inode;
@@ -719,55 +812,60 @@ int win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
        add_image_flags &= ~(WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT | WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_SOURCE);
 
        /* Get DOS name and security descriptor (if any). */
-       ret = win32_get_short_name(root, path_utf16);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_close_handle;
-       ret = win32_get_security_descriptor(root, sd_set, path_utf16);
+       ret = win32_get_short_name(root, path);
        if (ret)
                goto out_close_handle;
 
+       if (!(add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS)) {
+               ret = win32_get_security_descriptor(root, sd_set, path, state,
+                                                   add_image_flags);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_close_handle;
+       }
+
+       file_size = ((u64)file_info.nFileSizeHigh << 32) |
+                    (u64)file_info.nFileSizeLow;
+
        if (inode_is_directory(inode)) {
                /* Directory (not a reparse point) --- recurse to children */
 
                /* But first... directories may have alternate data streams that
                 * need to be captured. */
-               ret = win32_capture_streams(path_utf16,
-                                           path_utf16_nchars,
+               ret = win32_capture_streams(path,
+                                           path_num_chars,
                                            inode,
-                                           lookup_table);
+                                           lookup_table,
+                                           file_size);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_close_handle;
                ret = win32_recurse_directory(root,
-                                             root_disk_path,
+                                             path,
+                                             path_num_chars,
                                              lookup_table,
-                                             sd,
+                                             sd_set,
                                              config,
                                              add_image_flags,
                                              progress_func,
-                                             sd_set,
-                                             path_utf16,
-                                             path_utf16_nchars);
+                                             state);
        } else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               /* Reparse point: save the reparse tag and data */
+               /* Reparse point: save the reparse tag and data.  Alternate data
+                * streams are not captured, if it's even possible for a reparse
+                * point to have alternate data streams... */
                ret = win32_capture_reparse_point(hFile,
                                                  inode,
                                                  lookup_table,
-                                                 root_disk_path);
+                                                 path);
        } else {
                /* Not a directory, not a reparse point; capture the default
                 * file contents and any alternate data streams. */
-               ret = win32_capture_streams(path_utf16,
-                                           path_utf16_nchars,
+               ret = win32_capture_streams(path,
+                                           path_num_chars,
                                            inode,
-                                           lookup_table);
+                                           lookup_table,
+                                           file_size);
        }
 out_close_handle:
        CloseHandle(hFile);
-out_free_path_utf16:
-       FREE(path_utf16);
-out_destroy_sd_set:
-       if (extra_arg == NULL)
-               destroy_sd_set(sd_set);
 out:
        if (ret == 0)
                *root_ret = root;
@@ -776,19 +874,89 @@ out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Replacement for POSIX fnmatch() (partial functionality only) */
-extern int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+static void
+win32_do_capture_warnings(const struct win32_capture_state *state,
+                         int add_image_flags)
 {
-       if (PathMatchSpecA(string, pattern))
-               return 0;
-       else
-               return FNM_NOMATCH;
+       if (state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld == 0 &&
+           state->num_get_sd_access_denied == 0)
+               return;
+
+       WARNING("");
+       WARNING("Built dentry tree successfully, but with the following problem(s):");
+       if (state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld != 0) {
+               WARNING("Could not capture SACL (System Access Control List)\n"
+                       "          on %lu files or directories.",
+                       state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld);
+       }
+       if (state->num_get_sd_access_denied != 0) {
+               WARNING("Could not capture security descriptor at all\n"
+                       "          on %lu files or directories.",
+                       state->num_get_sd_access_denied);
+       }
+       WARNING(
+          "Try running the program as the Administrator to make sure all the\n"
+"          desired metadata has been captured exactly.  However, if you\n"
+"          do not care about capturing security descriptors correctly, then\n"
+"          nothing more needs to be done%ls\n",
+       (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS) ? L"." :
+         L", although you might consider\n"
+"          passing the --no-acls flag to `wimlib-imagex capture' or\n"
+"          `wimlib-imagex append' to explicitly capture no security\n"
+"          descriptors.\n");
 }
 
-static int win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
-                                 u32 reparse_tag,
-                                 const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                                 const wchar_t *path)
+/* Win32 version of capturing a directory tree */
+int
+win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                       const wchar_t *root_disk_path,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                       struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                       const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                       int add_image_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                       void *extra_arg)
+{
+       size_t path_nchars;
+       wchar_t *path;
+       int ret;
+       struct win32_capture_state state;
+
+       path_nchars = wcslen(root_disk_path);
+       if (path_nchars > 32767)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* There is no check for overflow later when this buffer is being used!
+        * But the max path length on NTFS is 32767 characters, and paths need
+        * to be written specially to even go past 260 characters, so we should
+        * be okay with 32770 characters. */
+       path = MALLOC(32770 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+       if (!path)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       wmemcpy(path, root_disk_path, path_nchars + 1);
+
+       memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+       ret = win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(root_ret,
+                                               path,
+                                               path_nchars,
+                                               lookup_table,
+                                               sd_set,
+                                               config,
+                                               add_image_flags,
+                                               progress_func,
+                                               &state);
+       FREE(path);
+       if (ret == 0)
+               win32_do_capture_warnings(&state, add_image_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
+                      u32 reparse_tag,
+                      const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      const wchar_t *path)
 {
        int ret;
        u8 *buf;
@@ -812,8 +980,8 @@ static int win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
        ret = read_full_wim_resource(lte, buf + 8, 0);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       *(u32*)(buf + 0) = reparse_tag;
-       *(u16*)(buf + 4) = len;
+       *(u32*)(buf + 0) = cpu_to_le32(reparse_tag);
+       *(u16*)(buf + 4) = cpu_to_le16(len);
        *(u16*)(buf + 6) = 0;
 
        /* Set the reparse data on the open file using the
@@ -851,8 +1019,81 @@ static int win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
        return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Sets the security descriptor on an extracted file.
+ */
+static int
+win32_set_security_data(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                       const wchar_t *path,
+                       struct apply_args *args)
+{
+       PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR descriptor;
+       unsigned long n;
+       DWORD err;
+
+       descriptor = wim_const_security_data(args->w)->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
+
+       SECURITY_INFORMATION securityInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+again:
+       if (SetFileSecurityW(path, securityInformation, descriptor))
+               return 0;
+       err = GetLastError();
+       if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)
+               goto fail;
+       switch (err) {
+       case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD:
+               if (securityInformation & SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION) {
+                       n = args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld++;
+                       securityInformation &= ~SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+                       if (n < MAX_SET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"We don't have enough privileges to set the full security\n"
+"          descriptor on \"%ls\"!\n", path);
+                               if (args->num_set_sd_access_denied +
+                                   args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld == 1)
+                               {
+                                       WARNING("%ls", apply_access_denied_msg);
+                               }
+                               WARNING("Re-trying with SACL omitted.\n", path);
+                       } else if (n == MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"Suppressing further 'privileges not held' error messages when setting\n"
+"          security descriptors.");
+                       }
+                       goto again;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER:
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+               n = args->num_set_sd_access_denied++;
+               if (n < MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Failed to set security descriptor on \"%ls\": "
+                               "Access denied!\n", path);
+                       if (args->num_set_sd_access_denied +
+                           args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld == 1)
+                       {
+                               WARNING("%ls", apply_access_denied_msg);
+                       }
+               } else if (n == MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING(
+"Suppressing further access denied error messages when setting\n"
+"          security descriptors");
+               }
+               return 0;
+       default:
+fail:
+               ERROR("Failed to set security descriptor on \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+}
+
 
-static int win32_extract_chunk(const u8 *buf, size_t len, u64 offset, void *arg)
+static int
+win32_extract_chunk(const void *buf, size_t len, u64 offset, void *arg)
 {
        HANDLE hStream = arg;
 
@@ -870,16 +1111,35 @@ static int win32_extract_chunk(const u8 *buf, size_t len, u64 offset, void *arg)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int do_win32_extract_stream(HANDLE hStream, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+static int
+do_win32_extract_stream(HANDLE hStream, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 {
        return extract_wim_resource(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
                                    win32_extract_chunk, hStream);
 }
 
-static int win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
-                               const wchar_t *path,
-                               const wchar_t *stream_name_utf16,
-                               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+static bool
+path_is_root_of_drive(const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       if (!*path)
+               return false;
+
+       if (*path != L'/' && *path != L'\\') {
+               if (*(path + 1) == L':')
+                       path += 2;
+               else
+                       return false;
+       }
+       while (*path == L'/' || *path == L'\\')
+               path++;
+       return (*path == L'\0');
+}
+
+static int
+win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    const wchar_t *path,
+                    const wchar_t *stream_name_utf16,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 {
        wchar_t *stream_path;
        HANDLE h;
@@ -889,7 +1149,7 @@ static int win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
 
        if (stream_name_utf16) {
                /* Named stream.  Create a buffer that contains the UTF-16LE
-                * string [./]@path:@stream_name_utf16.  This is needed to
+                * string [.\]@path:@stream_name_utf16.  This is needed to
                 * create and open the stream using CreateFileW().  I'm not
                 * aware of any other APIs to do this.  Note: the '$DATA' suffix
                 * seems to be unneeded.  Additional note: a "./" prefix needs
@@ -903,14 +1163,18 @@ static int win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
                path_nchars = wcslen(path);
                stream_name_nchars = wcslen(stream_name_utf16);
                stream_path_nchars = path_nchars + 1 + stream_name_nchars;
-               if (path[0] != L'/' && path[0] != L'\\') {
+               if (path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\0') &&
+                   path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'/') &&
+                   path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\\') &&
+                   path[1] != cpu_to_le16(L':'))
+               {
                        prefix = L"./";
                        stream_path_nchars += 2;
                } else {
                        prefix = L"";
                }
                stream_path = alloca((stream_path_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
-               swprintf(stream_path, stream_path_nchars + 1, L"%ls%ls:%ls",
+               swprintf(stream_path, L"%ls%ls:%ls",
                         prefix, path, stream_name_utf16);
        } else {
                /* Unnamed stream; its path is just the path to the file itself.
@@ -923,7 +1187,14 @@ static int win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
                if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
                        if (!CreateDirectoryW(stream_path, NULL)) {
                                err = GetLastError();
-                               if (err != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+                               switch (err) {
+                               case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+                                       break;
+                               case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+                                       if (path_is_root_of_drive(path))
+                                               break;
+                                       /* Fall through */
+                               default:
                                        ERROR("Failed to create directory \"%ls\"",
                                              stream_path);
                                        win32_error(err);
@@ -942,7 +1213,7 @@ static int win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
 
        DEBUG("Opening \"%ls\"", stream_path);
        h = CreateFileW(stream_path,
-                       GENERIC_WRITE | WRITE_OWNER | WRITE_DAC | ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY,
+                       GENERIC_WRITE,
                        0,
                        NULL,
                        creationDisposition,
@@ -1003,8 +1274,9 @@ out:
  *
  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
  */
-static int win32_extract_streams(const struct wim_inode *inode,
-                                const wchar_t *path, u64 *completed_bytes_p)
+static int
+win32_extract_streams(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                     const wchar_t *path, u64 *completed_bytes_p)
 {
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
        int ret;
@@ -1017,17 +1289,17 @@ static int win32_extract_streams(const struct wim_inode *inode,
                *completed_bytes_p += wim_resource_size(unnamed_lte);
        for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
                const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
-               if (ads_entry->stream_name_len != 0) {
+               if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes != 0) {
                        /* Skip special UNIX data entries (see documentation for
                         * WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) */
-                       if (ads_entry->stream_name_len == WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_LEN
-                           && !memcmp(ads_entry->stream_name_utf8,
-                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG,
-                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_LEN))
+                       if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes == WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES
+                           && !memcmp(ads_entry->stream_name,
+                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE,
+                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES))
                                continue;
                        ret = win32_extract_stream(inode,
                                                   path,
-                                                  (const wchar_t*)ads_entry->stream_name,
+                                                  ads_entry->stream_name,
                                                   ads_entry->lte);
                        if (ret)
                                break;
@@ -1039,132 +1311,74 @@ out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Sets the security descriptor on an extracted file.  This is Win32-specific
- * code.
- *
- * @inode:     The WIM inode that was extracted and has a security descriptor.
- * @path:      UTF-16LE external path that the inode was extracted to.
- * @sd:                Security data for the WIM image.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
-static int win32_set_security_data(const struct wim_inode *inode,
-                                  const wchar_t *path,
-                                  const struct wim_security_data *sd)
+/* Extract a file, directory, reparse point, or hard link to an
+ * already-extracted file using the Win32 API */
+int
+win32_do_apply_dentry(const wchar_t *output_path,
+                     size_t output_path_num_chars,
+                     struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     struct apply_args *args)
 {
-       SECURITY_INFORMATION securityInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
-                                                  SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
-                                                  OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
-                                                  GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
-       if (!SetFileSecurityW(path, securityInformation,
-                             (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)sd->descriptors[inode->i_security_id]))
-       {
-               DWORD err = GetLastError();
-               ERROR("Can't set security descriptor on \"%ls\"", path);
-               win32_error(err);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int win32_apply_dentry(const char *output_path,
-                      size_t output_path_len,
-                      const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                      struct apply_args *args)
-{
-       char *utf16_path;
-       size_t utf16_path_len;
-       DWORD err;
        int ret;
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-
-       ret = utf8_to_utf16(output_path, output_path_len,
-                           &utf16_path, &utf16_path_len);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       DWORD err;
 
        if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && inode->i_extracted_file != NULL) {
                /* Linked file, with another name already extracted.  Create a
                 * hard link. */
                DEBUG("Creating hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
-                     (const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
-                     (const wchar_t*)inode->i_extracted_file);
-               if (!CreateHardLinkW((const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
-                                    (const wchar_t*)inode->i_extracted_file,
-                                    NULL))
-               {
+                     output_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
+               if (!CreateHardLinkW(output_path, inode->i_extracted_file, NULL)) {
                        err = GetLastError();
                        ERROR("Can't create hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
-                             (const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
-                             (const wchar_t*)inode->i_extracted_file);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
+                             output_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
                        win32_error(err);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
                }
        } else {
                /* Create the file, directory, or reparse point, and extract the
                 * data streams. */
-               ret = win32_extract_streams(inode, (const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
+               ret = win32_extract_streams(inode, output_path,
                                            &args->progress.extract.completed_bytes);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_utf16_path;
-
-               /* Set security descriptor if present */
-               if (inode->i_security_id != -1) {
-                       DEBUG("Setting security descriptor %d on %s",
-                             inode->i_security_id, output_path);
-                       ret = win32_set_security_data(inode,
-                                                     (const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
-                                                     wim_const_security_data(args->w));
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (inode->i_security_id >= 0 &&
+                   !(args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS))
+               {
+                       ret = win32_set_security_data(inode, output_path, args);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_utf16_path;
+                               return ret;
                }
                if (inode->i_nlink > 1) {
                        /* Save extracted path for a later call to
                         * CreateHardLinkW() if this inode has multiple links.
                         * */
-                       inode->i_extracted_file = utf16_path;
-                       goto out;
+                       inode->i_extracted_file = WSTRDUP(output_path);
+                       if (!inode->i_extracted_file)
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                }
        }
-out_free_utf16_path:
-       FREE(utf16_path);
-out:
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int win32_apply_dentry_timestamps(const char *output_path,
-                                 size_t output_path_len,
-                                 const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                                 const struct apply_args *args)
+/* Set timestamps on an extracted file using the Win32 API */
+int
+win32_do_apply_dentry_timestamps(const wchar_t *path,
+                                size_t path_num_chars,
+                                const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                const struct apply_args *args)
 {
-       /* Win32 */
-       char *utf16_path;
-       size_t utf16_path_len;
        DWORD err;
        HANDLE h;
-       int ret;
        const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       ret = utf8_to_utf16(output_path, output_path_len,
-                           &utf16_path, &utf16_path_len);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       DEBUG("Opening \"%s\" to set timestamps", output_path);
-       h = CreateFileW((const wchar_t*)utf16_path,
-                       GENERIC_WRITE | WRITE_OWNER | WRITE_DAC | ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY,
-                       FILE_SHARE_READ,
-                       NULL,
-                       OPEN_EXISTING,
-                       FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
-                       NULL);
-
-       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%ls\" to set timestamps", path);
+       h = win32_open_existing_file(path, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
                err = GetLastError();
-       FREE(utf16_path);
-       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
                goto fail;
+       }
 
        FILETIME creationTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_creation_time & 0xffffffff,
                                 .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_creation_time >> 32};
@@ -1173,44 +1387,168 @@ int win32_apply_dentry_timestamps(const char *output_path,
        FILETIME lastWriteTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time & 0xffffffff,
                                  .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time >> 32};
 
-       DEBUG("Calling SetFileTime() on \"%s\"", output_path);
+       DEBUG("Calling SetFileTime() on \"%ls\"", path);
        if (!SetFileTime(h, &creationTime, &lastAccessTime, &lastWriteTime)) {
                err = GetLastError();
                CloseHandle(h);
                goto fail;
        }
-       DEBUG("Closing \"%s\"", output_path);
+       DEBUG("Closing \"%ls\"", path);
        if (!CloseHandle(h)) {
                err = GetLastError();
                goto fail;
        }
        goto out;
 fail:
-       /* Only warn if setting timestamps failed. */
-       WARNING("Can't set timestamps on \"%s\"", output_path);
+       /* Only warn if setting timestamps failed; still return 0. */
+       WARNING("Can't set timestamps on \"%ls\"", path);
        win32_error(err);
 out:
        return 0;
 }
 
 /* Replacement for POSIX fsync() */
-int fsync(int fd)
+int
+fsync(int fd)
 {
-       HANDLE h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+       DWORD err;
+       HANDLE h;
+
+       h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
        if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Could not get Windows handle for file descriptor");
+               win32_error(err);
                errno = EBADF;
                return -1;
        }
        if (!FlushFileBuffers(h)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Could not flush file buffers to disk");
+               win32_error(err);
                errno = EIO;
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-unsigned win32_get_number_of_processors()
+/* Use the Win32 API to get the number of processors */
+unsigned
+win32_get_number_of_processors()
 {
        SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
        GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
        return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
 }
+
+/* Replacement for POSIX-2008 realpath().  Warning: partial functionality only
+ * (resolved_path must be NULL).   Also I highly doubt that GetFullPathName
+ * really does the right thing under all circumstances. */
+wchar_t *
+realpath(const wchar_t *path, wchar_t *resolved_path)
+{
+       DWORD ret;
+       wimlib_assert(resolved_path == NULL);
+       DWORD err;
+
+       ret = GetFullPathNameW(path, 0, NULL, NULL);
+       if (!ret) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               goto fail_win32;
+       }
+
+       resolved_path = TMALLOC(ret);
+       if (!resolved_path)
+               goto out;
+       ret = GetFullPathNameW(path, ret, resolved_path, NULL);
+       if (!ret) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               free(resolved_path);
+               resolved_path = NULL;
+               goto fail_win32;
+       }
+       goto out;
+fail_win32:
+       win32_error(err);
+       errno = -1;
+out:
+       return resolved_path;
+}
+
+/* rename() on Windows fails if the destination file exists.  And we need to
+ * make it work on wide characters.  Fix it. */
+int
+win32_rename_replacement(const wchar_t *oldpath, const wchar_t *newpath)
+{
+       if (MoveFileExW(oldpath, newpath, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)) {
+               return 0;
+       } else {
+               /* As usual, the possible error values are not documented */
+               DWORD err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("MoveFileEx(): Can't rename \"%ls\" to \"%ls\"",
+                     oldpath, newpath);
+               win32_error(err);
+               errno = -1;
+               return -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/* Replacement for POSIX fnmatch() (partial functionality only) */
+int
+fnmatch(const wchar_t *pattern, const wchar_t *string, int flags)
+{
+       if (PathMatchSpecW(string, pattern))
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return FNM_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+/* truncate() replacement */
+int
+win32_truncate_replacement(const wchar_t *path, off_t size)
+{
+       DWORD err = NO_ERROR;
+       LARGE_INTEGER liOffset;
+
+       HANDLE h = win32_open_existing_file(path, GENERIC_WRITE);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+               goto fail;
+
+       liOffset.QuadPart = size;
+       if (!SetFilePointerEx(h, liOffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN))
+               goto fail_close_handle;
+
+       if (!SetEndOfFile(h))
+               goto fail_close_handle;
+       CloseHandle(h);
+       return 0;
+
+fail_close_handle:
+       err = GetLastError();
+       CloseHandle(h);
+fail:
+       if (err == NO_ERROR)
+               err = GetLastError();
+       ERROR("Can't truncate \"%ls\" to %"PRIu64" bytes", path, size);
+       win32_error(err);
+       errno = -1;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+
+/* This really could be replaced with _wcserror_s, but this doesn't seem to
+ * actually be available in MSVCRT.DLL on Windows XP (perhaps it's statically
+ * linked in by Visual Studio...?). */
+extern int
+win32_strerror_r_replacement(int errnum, wchar_t *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+       static pthread_mutex_t strerror_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&strerror_lock);
+       mbstowcs(buf, strerror(errnum), buflen);
+       buf[buflen - 1] = '\0';
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&strerror_lock);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */