]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/win32.c
Replace _wcserror_s for Windows XP compatibility
[wimlib] / src / win32.c
index 3b7548114e6f347adfa8a2ce08a03320fe1fc707..7636c5fe9d9b05d9b2d293890626cfdc4d801d17 100644 (file)
-#include "config.h"
+/*
+ * win32.c
+ *
+ * All the library code specific to native Windows builds is in here.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Eric Biggers
+ *
+ * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
+ *
+ * wimlib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * wimlib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
 
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__WIN32__)
+#include "config.h"
 #include <windows.h>
-#      ifdef ERROR
-#              undef ERROR
-#      endif
+#include <ntdef.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <shlwapi.h> /* shlwapi.h for PathMatchSpecW() */
+#ifdef ERROR /* windows.h defines this */
+#  undef ERROR
+#endif
+
+#include "win32.h"
+#include "dentry.h"
+#include "lookup_table.h"
+#include "security.h"
+#include "endianness.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS 1
+#define MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS 1
+struct win32_capture_state {
+       unsigned long num_get_sd_access_denied;
+       unsigned long num_get_sacl_priv_notheld;
+};
+
+#define MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS 1
+#define MAX_SET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS 1
 
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
+/* Pointers to functions that are not available on all targetted versions of
+ * Windows (XP and later).  NOTE: The WINAPI annotations seem to be important; I
+ * assume it specifies a certain calling convention. */
 
+/* Vista and later */
+static HANDLE (WINAPI *win32func_FindFirstStreamW)(LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+                                           STREAM_INFO_LEVELS InfoLevel,
+                                           LPVOID lpFindStreamData,
+                                           DWORD dwFlags) = NULL;
+
+/* Vista and later */
+static BOOL (WINAPI *win32func_FindNextStreamW)(HANDLE hFindStream,
+                                        LPVOID lpFindStreamData) = NULL;
+
+static HMODULE hKernel32 = NULL;
+
+/* Try to dynamically load some functions */
+void
+win32_global_init()
+{
+       DWORD err;
+
+       if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
+               DEBUG("Loading Kernel32.dll");
+               hKernel32 = LoadLibraryW(L"Kernel32.dll");
+               if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
+                       err = GetLastError();
+                       WARNING("Can't load Kernel32.dll");
+                       win32_error(err);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Looking for FindFirstStreamW");
+       win32func_FindFirstStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindFirstStreamW");
+       if (!win32func_FindFirstStreamW) {
+               WARNING("Could not find function FindFirstStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
+               WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Looking for FindNextStreamW");
+       win32func_FindNextStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindNextStreamW");
+       if (!win32func_FindNextStreamW) {
+               WARNING("Could not find function FindNextStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
+               WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
+               win32func_FindFirstStreamW = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+void
+win32_global_cleanup()
+{
+       if (hKernel32 != NULL) {
+               DEBUG("Closing Kernel32.dll");
+               FreeLibrary(hKernel32);
+               hKernel32 = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+static const wchar_t *capture_access_denied_msg =
+L"         If you are not running this program as the administrator, you may\n"
+ "         need to do so, so that all data and metadata can be backed up.\n"
+ "         Otherwise, there may be no way to access the desired data or\n"
+ "         metadata without taking ownership of the file or directory.\n"
+ ;
+
+static const wchar_t *apply_access_denied_msg =
+L"If you are not running this program as the administrator, you may\n"
+ "          need to do so, so that all data and metadata can be extracted\n"
+ "          exactly as the origignal copy.  However, if you do not care that\n"
+ "          the security descriptors are extracted correctly, you could run\n"
+ "          `wimlib-imagex apply' with the --no-acls flag instead.\n"
+ ;
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_ERROR_MESSAGES
-void win32_error(u32 err_code)
+void
+win32_error(u32 err_code)
 {
-       char *buffer;
+       wchar_t *buffer;
        DWORD nchars;
-       nchars = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
+       nchars = FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                                   FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
                                NULL, err_code, 0,
-                               (char*)&buffer, 0, NULL);
+                               (wchar_t*)&buffer, 0, NULL);
        if (nchars == 0) {
                ERROR("Error printing error message! "
                      "Computer will self-destruct in 3 seconds.");
        } else {
-               ERROR("Win32 error: %s", buffer);
+               ERROR("Win32 error: %ls", buffer);
                LocalFree(buffer);
        }
 }
-#else
-#define win32_error(err_code)
+
+void
+win32_error_last()
+{
+       win32_error(GetLastError());
+}
 #endif
 
-void *win32_open_file(const void *path)
+static HANDLE
+win32_open_existing_file(const wchar_t *path, DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
 {
-       return CreateFileW((const wchar_t*)path,
-                          GENERIC_READ | READ_CONTROL,
+       return CreateFileW(path,
+                          dwDesiredAccess,
                           FILE_SHARE_READ,
                           NULL, /* lpSecurityAttributes */
                           OPEN_EXISTING,
                           FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS |
-                                  FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
+                              FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
                           NULL /* hTemplateFile */);
 }
 
-int win32_read_file(const char *filename,
-                   void *handle, u64 offset, size_t size, u8 *buf)
+HANDLE
+win32_open_file_data_only(const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       return win32_open_existing_file(path, FILE_READ_DATA);
+}
+
+int
+win32_read_file(const wchar_t *filename,
+               void *handle, u64 offset, size_t size, void *buf)
 {
        HANDLE h = handle;
        DWORD err;
@@ -55,14 +188,1367 @@ int win32_read_file(const char *filename,
                if (ReadFile(h, buf, size, &bytesRead, NULL) && bytesRead == size)
                        return 0;
        err = GetLastError();
-       ERROR("Error reading \"%s\"", filename);
+       ERROR("Error reading \"%ls\"", filename);
        win32_error(err);
        return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 }
 
-void win32_close_file(void *handle)
+void
+win32_close_file(void *handle)
 {
        CloseHandle((HANDLE)handle);
 }
 
-#endif /* __CYGWIN__ || __WIN32__ */
+static u64
+FILETIME_to_u64(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+       return ((u64)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) | (u64)ft->dwLowDateTime;
+}
+
+static int
+win32_get_short_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
+       if (FindFirstFileW(path, &dat) && dat.cAlternateFileName[0] != L'\0') {
+               size_t short_name_nbytes = wcslen(dat.cAlternateFileName) *
+                                          sizeof(wchar_t);
+               size_t n = short_name_nbytes + sizeof(wchar_t);
+               dentry->short_name = MALLOC(n);
+               if (!dentry->short_name)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               memcpy(dentry->short_name, dat.cAlternateFileName, n);
+               dentry->short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
+       }
+       /* If we can't read the short filename for some reason, we just ignore
+        * the error and assume the file has no short name.  I don't think this
+        * should be an issue, since the short names are essentially obsolete
+        * anyway. */
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+win32_get_security_descriptor(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                             struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                             const wchar_t *path,
+                             struct win32_capture_state *state,
+                             int add_image_flags)
+{
+       SECURITY_INFORMATION requestedInformation;
+       DWORD lenNeeded = 0;
+       BOOL status;
+       DWORD err;
+       unsigned long n;
+
+       requestedInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                              SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                              OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                              GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+again:
+       /* Request length of security descriptor */
+       status = GetFileSecurityW(path, requestedInformation,
+                                 NULL, 0, &lenNeeded);
+       err = GetLastError();
+       if (!status && err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+               DWORD len = lenNeeded;
+               char buf[len];
+               if (GetFileSecurityW(path, requestedInformation,
+                                    (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)buf, len, &lenNeeded))
+               {
+                       int security_id = sd_set_add_sd(sd_set, buf, len);
+                       if (security_id < 0)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       else {
+                               dentry->d_inode->i_security_id = security_id;
+                               return 0;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       err = GetLastError();
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)
+               goto fail;
+
+       switch (err) {
+       case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD:
+               if (requestedInformation & SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION) {
+                       n = state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld++;
+                       requestedInformation &= ~SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+                       if (n < MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"We don't have enough privileges to read the full security\n"
+"          descriptor of \"%ls\"!\n"
+"          Re-trying with SACL omitted.\n", path);
+                       } else if (n == MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"Suppressing further privileges not held error messages when reading\n"
+"          security descriptors.");
+                       }
+                       goto again;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+               n = state->num_get_sd_access_denied++;
+               if (n < MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\": "
+                               "Access denied!\n%ls", path, capture_access_denied_msg);
+               } else if (n == MAX_GET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Suppressing further access denied errors messages i"
+                               "when reading security descriptors");
+               }
+               return 0;
+       default:
+fail:
+               ERROR("Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                                 wchar_t *path,
+                                 size_t path_num_chars,
+                                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                                 struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                                 const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                                 int add_image_flags,
+                                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                                 struct win32_capture_state *state);
+
+/* Reads the directory entries of directory using a Win32 API and recursively
+ * calls win32_build_dentry_tree() on them. */
+static int
+win32_recurse_directory(struct wim_dentry *root,
+                       wchar_t *dir_path,
+                       size_t dir_path_num_chars,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                       struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                       const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                       int add_image_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                       struct win32_capture_state *state)
+{
+       WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
+       HANDLE hFind;
+       DWORD err;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Begin reading the directory by calling FindFirstFileW.  Unlike UNIX
+        * opendir(), FindFirstFileW has file globbing built into it.  But this
+        * isn't what we actually want, so just add a dummy glob to get all
+        * entries. */
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'/';
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars + 1] = L'*';
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars + 2] = L'\0';
+       hFind = FindFirstFileW(dir_path, &dat);
+       dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'\0';
+
+       if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
+                       return 0;
+               } else {
+                       ERROR("Failed to read directory \"%ls\"", dir_path);
+                       win32_error(err);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+               }
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+       do {
+               /* Skip . and .. entries */
+               if (dat.cFileName[0] == L'.' &&
+                   (dat.cFileName[1] == L'\0' ||
+                    (dat.cFileName[1] == L'.' &&
+                     dat.cFileName[2] == L'\0')))
+                       continue;
+               size_t filename_len = wcslen(dat.cFileName);
+
+               dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'/';
+               wmemcpy(dir_path + dir_path_num_chars + 1,
+                       dat.cFileName,
+                       filename_len + 1);
+
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
+               size_t path_len = dir_path_num_chars + 1 + filename_len;
+               ret = win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(&child,
+                                                       dir_path,
+                                                       path_len,
+                                                       lookup_table,
+                                                       sd_set,
+                                                       config,
+                                                       add_image_flags,
+                                                       progress_func,
+                                                       state);
+               dir_path[dir_path_num_chars] = L'\0';
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_find_close;
+               if (child)
+                       dentry_add_child(root, child);
+       } while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &dat));
+       err = GetLastError();
+       if (err != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
+               ERROR("Failed to read directory \"%ls\"", dir_path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               if (ret == 0)
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
+out_find_close:
+       FindClose(hFind);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Load a reparse point into a WIM inode.  It is just stored in memory.
+ *
+ * @hFile:  Open handle to a reparse point, with permission to read the reparse
+ *          data.
+ *
+ * @inode:  WIM inode for the reparse point.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table:  Stream lookup table for the WIM; an entry will be added to it
+ *                 for the reparse point unless an entry already exists for
+ *                 the exact same data stream.
+ *
+ * @path:  External path to the reparse point.  Used for error messages only.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure. */
+static int
+win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
+                           struct wim_inode *inode,
+                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                           const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       /* "Reparse point data, including the tag and optional GUID,
+        * cannot exceed 16 kilobytes." - MSDN  */
+       char reparse_point_buf[16 * 1024];
+       DWORD bytesReturned;
+
+       if (!DeviceIoControl(hFile, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
+                            NULL, /* "Not used with this operation; set to NULL" */
+                            0, /* "Not used with this operation; set to 0" */
+                            reparse_point_buf, /* "A pointer to a buffer that
+                                                  receives the reparse point data */
+                            sizeof(reparse_point_buf), /* "The size of the output
+                                                          buffer, in bytes */
+                            &bytesReturned,
+                            NULL))
+       {
+               DWORD err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Failed to get reparse data of \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
+       if (bytesReturned < 8) {
+               ERROR("Reparse data on \"%ls\" is invalid", path);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
+       inode->i_reparse_tag = le32_to_cpu(*(u32*)reparse_point_buf);
+       return inode_add_ads_with_data(inode, L"",
+                                      reparse_point_buf + 8,
+                                      bytesReturned - 8, lookup_table);
+}
+
+/* Calculate the SHA1 message digest of a Win32 data stream, which may be either
+ * an unnamed or named data stream.
+ *
+ * @path:      Path to the file, with the stream noted at the end for named
+ *              streams.  UTF-16LE encoding.
+ *
+ * @hash:       On success, the SHA1 message digest of the stream is written to
+ *              this location.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ */
+static int
+win32_sha1sum(const wchar_t *path, u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
+{
+       HANDLE hFile;
+       SHA_CTX ctx;
+       u8 buf[32768];
+       DWORD bytesRead;
+       int ret;
+
+       hFile = win32_open_file_data_only(path);
+       if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+
+       sha1_init(&ctx);
+       for (;;) {
+               if (!ReadFile(hFile, buf, sizeof(buf), &bytesRead, NULL)) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+                       goto out_close_handle;
+               }
+               if (bytesRead == 0)
+                       break;
+               sha1_update(&ctx, buf, bytesRead);
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+       sha1_final(hash, &ctx);
+out_close_handle:
+       CloseHandle(hFile);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Scans an unnamed or named stream of a Win32 file (not a reparse point
+ * stream); calculates its SHA1 message digest and either creates a `struct
+ * wim_lookup_table_entry' in memory for it, or uses an existing 'struct
+ * wim_lookup_table_entry' for an identical stream.
+ *
+ * @path:               Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
+ *
+ * @path_num_chars:     Number of 2-byte characters in @path.
+ *
+ * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table:       Stream lookup table for the WIM.
+ *
+ * @dat:                A `WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA' structure that specifies the
+ *                      stream name.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ */
+static int
+win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path,
+                    size_t path_num_chars,
+                    struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                    WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA *dat)
+{
+       struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
+       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       wchar_t *stream_name, *colon;
+       size_t stream_name_nchars;
+       bool is_named_stream;
+       wchar_t *spath;
+       size_t spath_nchars;
+       DWORD err;
+       size_t spath_buf_nbytes;
+       const wchar_t *relpath_prefix;
+       const wchar_t *colonchar;
+
+       /* The stream name should be returned as :NAME:TYPE */
+       stream_name = dat->cStreamName;
+       if (*stream_name != L':')
+               goto out_invalid_stream_name;
+       stream_name += 1;
+       colon = wcschr(stream_name, L':');
+       if (colon == NULL)
+               goto out_invalid_stream_name;
+
+       if (wcscmp(colon + 1, L"$DATA")) {
+               /* Not a DATA stream */
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       *colon = '\0';
+
+       stream_name_nchars = colon - stream_name;
+       is_named_stream = (stream_name_nchars != 0);
+
+       if (is_named_stream) {
+               /* Allocate an ADS entry for the named stream. */
+               ads_entry = inode_add_ads_utf16le(inode, stream_name,
+                                                 stream_name_nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
+               if (!ads_entry) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Create a UTF-16LE string @spath that gives the filename, then a
+        * colon, then the stream name.  Or, if it's an unnamed stream, just the
+        * filename.  It is MALLOC()'ed so that it can be saved in the
+        * wim_lookup_table_entry if needed.
+        *
+        * As yet another special case, relative paths need to be changed to
+        * begin with an explicit "./" so that, for example, a file t:ads, where
+        * :ads is the part we added, is not interpreted as a file on the t:
+        * drive. */
+       spath_nchars = path_num_chars;
+       relpath_prefix = L"";
+       colonchar = L"";
+       if (is_named_stream) {
+               spath_nchars += 1 + stream_name_nchars;
+               colonchar = L":";
+               if (path_num_chars == 1 &&
+                   path[0] != L'/' &&
+                   path[0] != L'\\')
+               {
+                       spath_nchars += 2;
+                       relpath_prefix = L"./";
+               }
+       }
+
+       spath_buf_nbytes = (spath_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
+       spath = MALLOC(spath_buf_nbytes);
+
+       swprintf(spath, L"%ls%ls%ls%ls",
+                relpath_prefix, path, colonchar, stream_name);
+
+       ret = win32_sha1sum(spath, hash);
+       if (ret) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Failed to read \"%ls\" to calculate SHA1sum", spath);
+               win32_error(err);
+               goto out_free_spath;
+       }
+
+       lte = __lookup_resource(lookup_table, hash);
+       if (lte) {
+               /* Use existing wim_lookup_table_entry that has the same SHA1
+                * message digest */
+               lte->refcnt++;
+       } else {
+               /* Make a new wim_lookup_table_entry */
+               lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+               if (!lte) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_free_spath;
+               }
+               lte->file_on_disk = spath;
+               lte->win32_file_on_disk_fp = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+               spath = NULL;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_WIN32;
+               lte->resource_entry.original_size = (uint64_t)dat->StreamSize.QuadPart;
+               lte->resource_entry.size = (uint64_t)dat->StreamSize.QuadPart;
+               copy_hash(lte->hash, hash);
+               lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
+       }
+       if (is_named_stream)
+               ads_entry->lte = lte;
+       else
+               inode->i_lte = lte;
+out_free_spath:
+       FREE(spath);
+out:
+       return ret;
+out_invalid_stream_name:
+       ERROR("Invalid stream name: \"%ls:%ls\"", path, dat->cStreamName);
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       goto out;
+}
+
+/* Scans a Win32 file for unnamed and named data streams (not reparse point
+ * streams).
+ *
+ * @path:               Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
+ *
+ * @path_num_chars:     Number of 2-byte characters in @path.
+ *
+ * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table:       Stream lookup table for the WIM.
+ *
+ * @file_size:         Size of unnamed data stream.  (Used only if alternate
+ *                      data streams API appears to be unavailable.)
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ */
+static int
+win32_capture_streams(const wchar_t *path,
+                     size_t path_num_chars,
+                     struct wim_inode *inode,
+                     struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                     u64 file_size)
+{
+       WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA dat;
+       int ret;
+       HANDLE hFind;
+       DWORD err;
+
+       if (win32func_FindFirstStreamW == NULL)
+               goto unnamed_only;
+
+       hFind = win32func_FindFirstStreamW(path, FindStreamInfoStandard, &dat, 0);
+       if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+
+               if (err == ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
+                       goto unnamed_only;
+
+               /* Seems legal for this to return ERROR_HANDLE_EOF on reparse
+                * points and directories */
+               if ((inode->i_attributes &
+                   (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+                   && err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
+               {
+                       return 0;
+               } else {
+                       if (err == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+                               /* XXX This maybe should be an error. */
+                               WARNING("Failed to look up data streams "
+                                       "of \"%ls\": Access denied!\n%ls",
+                                       path, capture_access_denied_msg);
+                               return 0;
+                       } else {
+                               ERROR("Failed to look up data streams "
+                                     "of \"%ls\"", path);
+                               win32_error(err);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       do {
+               ret = win32_capture_stream(path,
+                                          path_num_chars,
+                                          inode, lookup_table,
+                                          &dat);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_find_close;
+       } while (win32func_FindNextStreamW(hFind, &dat));
+       err = GetLastError();
+       if (err != ERROR_HANDLE_EOF) {
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Error reading data streams from \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       }
+out_find_close:
+       FindClose(hFind);
+       return ret;
+unnamed_only:
+       /* FindFirstStreamW() API is not available.  Only capture the unnamed
+        * data stream. */
+       if (inode->i_attributes &
+            (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ret = 0;
+       } else {
+               /* Just create our own WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA for an unnamed
+                * stream to reduce the code to a call to the
+                * already-implemented win32_capture_stream() */
+               wcscpy(dat.cStreamName, L"::$DATA");
+               dat.StreamSize.QuadPart = file_size;
+               ret = win32_capture_stream(path,
+                                          path_num_chars,
+                                          inode, lookup_table,
+                                          &dat);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                                 wchar_t *path,
+                                 size_t path_num_chars,
+                                 struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                                 struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                                 const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                                 int add_image_flags,
+                                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                                 struct win32_capture_state *state)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *root = NULL;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       DWORD err;
+       u64 file_size;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (exclude_path(path, path_num_chars, config, true)) {
+               if (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT) {
+                       ERROR("Cannot exclude the root directory from capture");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_CAPTURE_CONFIG;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+               if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE)
+                   && progress_func)
+               {
+                       union wimlib_progress_info info;
+                       info.scan.cur_path = path;
+                       info.scan.excluded = true;
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
+               }
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE)
+           && progress_func)
+       {
+               union wimlib_progress_info info;
+               info.scan.cur_path = path;
+               info.scan.excluded = false;
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
+       }
+
+       HANDLE hFile = win32_open_existing_file(path,
+                                               FILE_READ_DATA | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES);
+       if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to open \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION file_info;
+       if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &file_info)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get file information for \"%ls\"",
+                     path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               goto out_close_handle;
+       }
+
+       /* Create a WIM dentry */
+       ret = new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(path_basename_with_len(path, path_num_chars),
+                                            &root);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_handle;
+
+       /* Start preparing the associated WIM inode */
+       inode = root->d_inode;
+
+       inode->i_attributes = file_info.dwFileAttributes;
+       inode->i_creation_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftCreationTime);
+       inode->i_last_write_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftLastWriteTime);
+       inode->i_last_access_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftLastAccessTime);
+       inode->i_ino = ((u64)file_info.nFileIndexHigh << 32) |
+                       (u64)file_info.nFileIndexLow;
+
+       inode->i_resolved = 1;
+       add_image_flags &= ~(WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT | WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_SOURCE);
+
+       /* Get DOS name and security descriptor (if any). */
+       ret = win32_get_short_name(root, path);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_close_handle;
+
+       if (!(add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS)) {
+               ret = win32_get_security_descriptor(root, sd_set, path, state,
+                                                   add_image_flags);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_close_handle;
+       }
+
+       file_size = ((u64)file_info.nFileSizeHigh << 32) |
+                    (u64)file_info.nFileSizeLow;
+
+       if (inode_is_directory(inode)) {
+               /* Directory (not a reparse point) --- recurse to children */
+
+               /* But first... directories may have alternate data streams that
+                * need to be captured. */
+               ret = win32_capture_streams(path,
+                                           path_num_chars,
+                                           inode,
+                                           lookup_table,
+                                           file_size);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_close_handle;
+               ret = win32_recurse_directory(root,
+                                             path,
+                                             path_num_chars,
+                                             lookup_table,
+                                             sd_set,
+                                             config,
+                                             add_image_flags,
+                                             progress_func,
+                                             state);
+       } else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               /* Reparse point: save the reparse tag and data.  Alternate data
+                * streams are not captured, if it's even possible for a reparse
+                * point to have alternate data streams... */
+               ret = win32_capture_reparse_point(hFile,
+                                                 inode,
+                                                 lookup_table,
+                                                 path);
+       } else {
+               /* Not a directory, not a reparse point; capture the default
+                * file contents and any alternate data streams. */
+               ret = win32_capture_streams(path,
+                                           path_num_chars,
+                                           inode,
+                                           lookup_table,
+                                           file_size);
+       }
+out_close_handle:
+       CloseHandle(hFile);
+out:
+       if (ret == 0)
+               *root_ret = root;
+       else
+               free_dentry_tree(root, lookup_table);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+win32_do_capture_warnings(const struct win32_capture_state *state,
+                         int add_image_flags)
+{
+       if (state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld == 0 &&
+           state->num_get_sd_access_denied == 0)
+               return;
+
+       WARNING("");
+       WARNING("Built dentry tree successfully, but with the following problem(s):");
+       if (state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld != 0) {
+               WARNING("Could not capture SACL (System Access Control List)\n"
+                       "          on %lu files or directories.",
+                       state->num_get_sacl_priv_notheld);
+       }
+       if (state->num_get_sd_access_denied != 0) {
+               WARNING("Could not capture security descriptor at all\n"
+                       "          on %lu files or directories.",
+                       state->num_get_sd_access_denied);
+       }
+       WARNING(
+          "Try running the program as the Administrator to make sure all the\n"
+"          desired metadata has been captured exactly.  However, if you\n"
+"          do not care about capturing security descriptors correctly, then\n"
+"          nothing more needs to be done%ls\n",
+       (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS) ? L"." :
+         L", although you might consider\n"
+"          passing the --no-acls flag to `wimlib-imagex capture' or\n"
+"          `wimlib-imagex append' to explicitly capture no security\n"
+"          descriptors.\n");
+}
+
+/* Win32 version of capturing a directory tree */
+int
+win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
+                       const wchar_t *root_disk_path,
+                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
+                       struct sd_set *sd_set,
+                       const struct wimlib_capture_config *config,
+                       int add_image_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
+                       void *extra_arg)
+{
+       size_t path_nchars;
+       wchar_t *path;
+       int ret;
+       struct win32_capture_state state;
+
+       path_nchars = wcslen(root_disk_path);
+       if (path_nchars > 32767)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* There is no check for overflow later when this buffer is being used!
+        * But the max path length on NTFS is 32767 characters, and paths need
+        * to be written specially to even go past 260 characters, so we should
+        * be okay with 32770 characters. */
+       path = MALLOC(32770 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+       if (!path)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       wmemcpy(path, root_disk_path, path_nchars + 1);
+
+       memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+       ret = win32_build_dentry_tree_recursive(root_ret,
+                                               path,
+                                               path_nchars,
+                                               lookup_table,
+                                               sd_set,
+                                               config,
+                                               add_image_flags,
+                                               progress_func,
+                                               &state);
+       FREE(path);
+       if (ret == 0)
+               win32_do_capture_warnings(&state, add_image_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
+                      u32 reparse_tag,
+                      const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       int ret;
+       u8 *buf;
+       size_t len;
+
+       if (!lte) {
+               WARNING("\"%ls\" is marked as a reparse point but had no reparse data",
+                       path);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       len = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       if (len > 16 * 1024 - 8) {
+               WARNING("\"%ls\": reparse data too long!", path);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* The WIM stream omits the ReparseTag and ReparseDataLength fields, so
+        * leave 8 bytes of space for them at the beginning of the buffer, then
+        * set them manually. */
+       buf = alloca(len + 8);
+       ret = read_full_wim_resource(lte, buf + 8, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       *(u32*)(buf + 0) = cpu_to_le32(reparse_tag);
+       *(u16*)(buf + 4) = cpu_to_le16(len);
+       *(u16*)(buf + 6) = 0;
+
+       /* Set the reparse data on the open file using the
+        * FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT ioctl.
+        *
+        * There are contradictions in Microsoft's documentation for this:
+        *
+        * "If hDevice was opened without specifying FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+        * lpOverlapped is ignored."
+        *
+        * --- So setting lpOverlapped to NULL is okay since it's ignored.
+        *
+        * "If lpOverlapped is NULL, lpBytesReturned cannot be NULL. Even when an
+        * operation returns no output data and lpOutBuffer is NULL,
+        * DeviceIoControl makes use of lpBytesReturned. After such an
+        * operation, the value of lpBytesReturned is meaningless."
+        *
+        * --- So lpOverlapped not really ignored, as it affects another
+        *  parameter.  This is the actual behavior: lpBytesReturned must be
+        *  specified, even though lpBytesReturned is documented as:
+        *
+        *  "Not used with this operation; set to NULL."
+        */
+       DWORD bytesReturned;
+       if (!DeviceIoControl(h, FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT, buf, len + 8,
+                            NULL, 0,
+                            &bytesReturned /* lpBytesReturned */,
+                            NULL /* lpOverlapped */))
+       {
+               DWORD err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Failed to set reparse data on \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets the security descriptor on an extracted file.
+ */
+static int
+win32_set_security_data(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                       const wchar_t *path,
+                       struct apply_args *args)
+{
+       PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR descriptor;
+       unsigned long n;
+       DWORD err;
+
+       descriptor = wim_const_security_data(args->w)->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
+
+       SECURITY_INFORMATION securityInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
+                                                  GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+again:
+       if (SetFileSecurityW(path, securityInformation, descriptor))
+               return 0;
+       err = GetLastError();
+       if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)
+               goto fail;
+       switch (err) {
+       case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD:
+               if (securityInformation & SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION) {
+                       n = args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld++;
+                       securityInformation &= ~SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
+                       if (n < MAX_SET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"We don't have enough privileges to set the full security\n"
+"          descriptor on \"%ls\"!\n", path);
+                               if (args->num_set_sd_access_denied +
+                                   args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld == 1)
+                               {
+                                       WARNING("%ls", apply_access_denied_msg);
+                               }
+                               WARNING("Re-trying with SACL omitted.\n", path);
+                       } else if (n == MAX_GET_SACL_PRIV_NOTHELD_WARNINGS) {
+                               WARNING(
+"Suppressing further 'privileges not held' error messages when setting\n"
+"          security descriptors.");
+                       }
+                       goto again;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER:
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+               n = args->num_set_sd_access_denied++;
+               if (n < MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING("Failed to set security descriptor on \"%ls\": "
+                               "Access denied!\n", path);
+                       if (args->num_set_sd_access_denied +
+                           args->num_set_sacl_priv_notheld == 1)
+                       {
+                               WARNING("%ls", apply_access_denied_msg);
+                       }
+               } else if (n == MAX_SET_SD_ACCESS_DENIED_WARNINGS) {
+                       WARNING(
+"Suppressing further access denied error messages when setting\n"
+"          security descriptors");
+               }
+               return 0;
+       default:
+fail:
+               ERROR("Failed to set security descriptor on \"%ls\"", path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+}
+
+
+static int
+win32_extract_chunk(const void *buf, size_t len, u64 offset, void *arg)
+{
+       HANDLE hStream = arg;
+
+       DWORD nbytes_written;
+       wimlib_assert(len <= 0xffffffff);
+
+       if (!WriteFile(hStream, buf, len, &nbytes_written, NULL) ||
+           nbytes_written != len)
+       {
+               DWORD err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("WriteFile(): write error");
+               win32_error(err);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_win32_extract_stream(HANDLE hStream, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       return extract_wim_resource(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
+                                   win32_extract_chunk, hStream);
+}
+
+static bool
+path_is_root_of_drive(const wchar_t *path)
+{
+       if (!*path)
+               return false;
+
+       if (*path != L'/' && *path != L'\\') {
+               if (*(path + 1) == L':')
+                       path += 2;
+               else
+                       return false;
+       }
+       while (*path == L'/' || *path == L'\\')
+               path++;
+       return (*path == L'\0');
+}
+
+static int
+win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    const wchar_t *path,
+                    const wchar_t *stream_name_utf16,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       wchar_t *stream_path;
+       HANDLE h;
+       int ret;
+       DWORD err;
+       DWORD creationDisposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
+
+       if (stream_name_utf16) {
+               /* Named stream.  Create a buffer that contains the UTF-16LE
+                * string [.\]@path:@stream_name_utf16.  This is needed to
+                * create and open the stream using CreateFileW().  I'm not
+                * aware of any other APIs to do this.  Note: the '$DATA' suffix
+                * seems to be unneeded.  Additional note: a "./" prefix needs
+                * to be added when the path is not absolute to avoid ambiguity
+                * with drive letters. */
+               size_t stream_path_nchars;
+               size_t path_nchars;
+               size_t stream_name_nchars;
+               const wchar_t *prefix;
+
+               path_nchars = wcslen(path);
+               stream_name_nchars = wcslen(stream_name_utf16);
+               stream_path_nchars = path_nchars + 1 + stream_name_nchars;
+               if (path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\0') &&
+                   path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'/') &&
+                   path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\\') &&
+                   path[1] != cpu_to_le16(L':'))
+               {
+                       prefix = L"./";
+                       stream_path_nchars += 2;
+               } else {
+                       prefix = L"";
+               }
+               stream_path = alloca((stream_path_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
+               swprintf(stream_path, L"%ls%ls:%ls",
+                        prefix, path, stream_name_utf16);
+       } else {
+               /* Unnamed stream; its path is just the path to the file itself.
+                * */
+               stream_path = (wchar_t*)path;
+
+               /* Directories must be created with CreateDirectoryW().  Then
+                * the call to CreateFileW() will merely open the directory that
+                * was already created rather than creating a new file. */
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+                       if (!CreateDirectoryW(stream_path, NULL)) {
+                               err = GetLastError();
+                               switch (err) {
+                               case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+                                       break;
+                               case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+                                       if (path_is_root_of_drive(path))
+                                               break;
+                                       /* Fall through */
+                               default:
+                                       ERROR("Failed to create directory \"%ls\"",
+                                             stream_path);
+                                       win32_error(err);
+                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+                                       goto fail;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       DEBUG("Created directory \"%ls\"", stream_path);
+                       if (!(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)) {
+                               ret = 0;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+                       creationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
+               }
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%ls\"", stream_path);
+       h = CreateFileW(stream_path,
+                       GENERIC_WRITE,
+                       0,
+                       NULL,
+                       creationDisposition,
+                       FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT |
+                           FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS |
+                           inode->i_attributes,
+                       NULL);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Failed to create \"%ls\"", stream_path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+               goto fail;
+       }
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT &&
+           stream_name_utf16 == NULL)
+       {
+               DEBUG("Setting reparse data on \"%ls\"", path);
+               ret = win32_set_reparse_data(h, inode->i_reparse_tag, lte, path);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto fail_close_handle;
+       } else {
+               if (lte) {
+                       DEBUG("Extracting \"%ls\" (len = %"PRIu64")",
+                             stream_path, wim_resource_size(lte));
+                       ret = do_win32_extract_stream(h, lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto fail_close_handle;
+               }
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Closing \"%ls\"", stream_path);
+       if (!CloseHandle(h)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Failed to close \"%ls\"", stream_path);
+               win32_error(err);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               goto fail;
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+       goto out;
+fail_close_handle:
+       CloseHandle(h);
+fail:
+       ERROR("Error extracting %ls", stream_path);
+out:
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates a file, directory, or reparse point and extracts all streams to it
+ * (unnamed data stream and/or reparse point stream, plus any alternate data
+ * streams).  This in Win32-specific code.
+ *
+ * @inode:     WIM inode for this file or directory.
+ * @path:      UTF-16LE external path to extract the inode to.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ */
+static int
+win32_extract_streams(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                     const wchar_t *path, u64 *completed_bytes_p)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
+       int ret;
+
+       unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
+       ret = win32_extract_stream(inode, path, NULL, unnamed_lte);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
+       if (unnamed_lte)
+               *completed_bytes_p += wim_resource_size(unnamed_lte);
+       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
+               if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes != 0) {
+                       /* Skip special UNIX data entries (see documentation for
+                        * WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) */
+                       if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes == WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES
+                           && !memcmp(ads_entry->stream_name,
+                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE,
+                                      WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES))
+                               continue;
+                       ret = win32_extract_stream(inode,
+                                                  path,
+                                                  ads_entry->stream_name,
+                                                  ads_entry->lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               break;
+                       if (ads_entry->lte)
+                               *completed_bytes_p += wim_resource_size(ads_entry->lte);
+               }
+       }
+out:
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Extract a file, directory, reparse point, or hard link to an
+ * already-extracted file using the Win32 API */
+int
+win32_do_apply_dentry(const wchar_t *output_path,
+                     size_t output_path_num_chars,
+                     struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     struct apply_args *args)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       DWORD err;
+
+       if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && inode->i_extracted_file != NULL) {
+               /* Linked file, with another name already extracted.  Create a
+                * hard link. */
+               DEBUG("Creating hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
+                     output_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
+               if (!CreateHardLinkW(output_path, inode->i_extracted_file, NULL)) {
+                       err = GetLastError();
+                       ERROR("Can't create hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
+                             output_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
+                       win32_error(err);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* Create the file, directory, or reparse point, and extract the
+                * data streams. */
+               ret = win32_extract_streams(inode, output_path,
+                                           &args->progress.extract.completed_bytes);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (inode->i_security_id >= 0 &&
+                   !(args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS))
+               {
+                       ret = win32_set_security_data(inode, output_path, args);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+               if (inode->i_nlink > 1) {
+                       /* Save extracted path for a later call to
+                        * CreateHardLinkW() if this inode has multiple links.
+                        * */
+                       inode->i_extracted_file = WSTRDUP(output_path);
+                       if (!inode->i_extracted_file)
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set timestamps on an extracted file using the Win32 API */
+int
+win32_do_apply_dentry_timestamps(const wchar_t *path,
+                                size_t path_num_chars,
+                                const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                const struct apply_args *args)
+{
+       DWORD err;
+       HANDLE h;
+       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       DEBUG("Opening \"%ls\" to set timestamps", path);
+       h = win32_open_existing_file(path, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               goto fail;
+       }
+
+       FILETIME creationTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_creation_time & 0xffffffff,
+                                .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_creation_time >> 32};
+       FILETIME lastAccessTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_last_access_time & 0xffffffff,
+                                 .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_last_access_time >> 32};
+       FILETIME lastWriteTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time & 0xffffffff,
+                                 .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time >> 32};
+
+       DEBUG("Calling SetFileTime() on \"%ls\"", path);
+       if (!SetFileTime(h, &creationTime, &lastAccessTime, &lastWriteTime)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               CloseHandle(h);
+               goto fail;
+       }
+       DEBUG("Closing \"%ls\"", path);
+       if (!CloseHandle(h)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               goto fail;
+       }
+       goto out;
+fail:
+       /* Only warn if setting timestamps failed; still return 0. */
+       WARNING("Can't set timestamps on \"%ls\"", path);
+       win32_error(err);
+out:
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Replacement for POSIX fsync() */
+int
+fsync(int fd)
+{
+       DWORD err;
+       HANDLE h;
+
+       h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Could not get Windows handle for file descriptor");
+               win32_error(err);
+               errno = EBADF;
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (!FlushFileBuffers(h)) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("Could not flush file buffers to disk");
+               win32_error(err);
+               errno = EIO;
+               return -1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Use the Win32 API to get the number of processors */
+unsigned
+win32_get_number_of_processors()
+{
+       SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
+       GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
+       return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
+}
+
+/* Replacement for POSIX-2008 realpath().  Warning: partial functionality only
+ * (resolved_path must be NULL).   Also I highly doubt that GetFullPathName
+ * really does the right thing under all circumstances. */
+wchar_t *
+realpath(const wchar_t *path, wchar_t *resolved_path)
+{
+       DWORD ret;
+       wimlib_assert(resolved_path == NULL);
+       DWORD err;
+
+       ret = GetFullPathNameW(path, 0, NULL, NULL);
+       if (!ret) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               goto fail_win32;
+       }
+
+       resolved_path = TMALLOC(ret);
+       if (!resolved_path)
+               goto out;
+       ret = GetFullPathNameW(path, ret, resolved_path, NULL);
+       if (!ret) {
+               err = GetLastError();
+               free(resolved_path);
+               resolved_path = NULL;
+               goto fail_win32;
+       }
+       goto out;
+fail_win32:
+       win32_error(err);
+       errno = -1;
+out:
+       return resolved_path;
+}
+
+/* rename() on Windows fails if the destination file exists.  And we need to
+ * make it work on wide characters.  Fix it. */
+int
+win32_rename_replacement(const wchar_t *oldpath, const wchar_t *newpath)
+{
+       if (MoveFileExW(oldpath, newpath, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)) {
+               return 0;
+       } else {
+               /* As usual, the possible error values are not documented */
+               DWORD err = GetLastError();
+               ERROR("MoveFileEx(): Can't rename \"%ls\" to \"%ls\"",
+                     oldpath, newpath);
+               win32_error(err);
+               errno = -1;
+               return -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/* Replacement for POSIX fnmatch() (partial functionality only) */
+int
+fnmatch(const wchar_t *pattern, const wchar_t *string, int flags)
+{
+       if (PathMatchSpecW(string, pattern))
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return FNM_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+/* truncate() replacement */
+int
+win32_truncate_replacement(const wchar_t *path, off_t size)
+{
+       DWORD err = NO_ERROR;
+       LARGE_INTEGER liOffset;
+
+       HANDLE h = win32_open_existing_file(path, GENERIC_WRITE);
+       if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+               goto fail;
+
+       liOffset.QuadPart = size;
+       if (!SetFilePointerEx(h, liOffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN))
+               goto fail_close_handle;
+
+       if (!SetEndOfFile(h))
+               goto fail_close_handle;
+       CloseHandle(h);
+       return 0;
+
+fail_close_handle:
+       err = GetLastError();
+       CloseHandle(h);
+fail:
+       if (err == NO_ERROR)
+               err = GetLastError();
+       ERROR("Can't truncate \"%ls\" to %"PRIu64" bytes", path, size);
+       win32_error(err);
+       errno = -1;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+
+/* This really could be replaced with _wcserror_s, but this doesn't seem to
+ * actually be available in MSVCRT.DLL on Windows XP (perhaps it's statically
+ * linked in by Visual Studio...?). */
+extern int
+win32_strerror_r_replacement(int errnum, wchar_t *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+       static pthread_mutex_t strerror_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&strerror_lock);
+       mbstowcs(buf, strerror(errnum), buflen);
+       buf[buflen - 1] = '\0';
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&strerror_lock);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */