]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/resource.c
WIMBoot: Update WimOverlay.dat directly when WOF not running
[wimlib] / src / resource.c
index c6da07a29ed6b709dbf493acc03ed3ec0a499435..b45db5973a9e261dfb316e0c355dbee04ce5f130 100644 (file)
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /*
  * resource.c
  *
- * Read uncompressed and compressed metadata and file resources.
+ * Code for reading streams and resources, including compressed WIM resources.
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
  * wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
-#include "config.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "wimlib.h"
+#include "wimlib/assert.h"
+#include "wimlib/endianness.h"
+#include "wimlib/error.h"
+#include "wimlib/file_io.h"
+#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/resource.h"
+#include "wimlib/sha1.h"
+#include "wimlib/wim.h"
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+/* for read_win32_file_prefix(), read_win32_encrypted_file_prefix() */
+#  include "wimlib/win32.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#include <ntfs-3g/attrib.h>
-#include <ntfs-3g/inode.h>
-#include <ntfs-3g/dir.h>
+/* for read_ntfs_file_prefix() */
+#  include "wimlib/ntfs_3g.h"
 #endif
 
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
-#include "lookup_table.h"
-#include "io.h"
-#include "lzx.h"
-#include "xpress.h"
-#include "sha1.h"
-#include "dentry.h"
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-#include <alloca.h>
+#  include <alloca.h>
 #endif
-
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 /*
- * Reads all or part of a compressed resource into an in-memory buffer.
+ *                         Compressed WIM resources
+ *
+ * A compressed resource in a WIM consists of a number of compressed chunks,
+ * each of which decompresses to a fixed chunk size (given in the WIM header;
+ * usually 32768) except possibly the last, which always decompresses to any
+ * remaining bytes.  In addition, immediately before the chunks, a table (the
+ * "chunk table") provides the offset, in bytes relative to the end of the chunk
+ * table, of the start of each compressed chunk, except for the first chunk
+ * which is omitted as it always has an offset of 0.  Therefore, a compressed
+ * resource with N chunks will have a chunk table with N - 1 entries.
+ *
+ * Additional information:
  *
- * @fp:                The FILE* for the WIM file.
- * @resource_compressed_size:           The compressed size of the resource.
- * @resource_uncompressed_size:  The uncompressed size of the resource.
- * @resource_offset:            The offset of the start of the resource from
- *                                     the start of the stream @fp.
- * @resource_ctype:    The compression type of the resource.
- * @len:               The number of bytes of uncompressed data to read from
- *                             the resource.
- * @offset:            The offset of the bytes to read within the uncompressed
- *                             resource.
- * @contents_len:      An array into which the uncompressed data is written.
- *                             It must be at least @len bytes long.
+ * - Entries in the chunk table are 4 bytes each, except if the uncompressed
+ *   size of the resource is greater than 4 GiB, in which case the entries in
+ *   the chunk table are 8 bytes each.  In either case, the entries are unsigned
+ *   little-endian integers.
  *
- * Returns zero on success, nonzero on failure.
+ * - The chunk table is included in the compressed size of the resource provided
+ *   in the corresponding entry in the WIM's stream lookup table.
+ *
+ * - The compressed size of a chunk is never greater than the uncompressed size.
+ *   From the compressor's point of view, chunks that would have compressed to a
+ *   size greater than or equal to their original size are in fact stored
+ *   uncompressed.  From the decompresser's point of view, chunks with
+ *   compressed size equal to their uncompressed size are in fact uncompressed.
+ *
+ * Furthermore, wimlib supports its own "pipable" WIM format, and for this the
+ * structure of compressed resources was modified to allow piped reading and
+ * writing.  To make sequential writing possible, the chunk table is placed
+ * after the chunks rather than before the chunks, and to make sequential
+ * reading possible, each chunk is prefixed with a 4-byte header giving its
+ * compressed size as a 32-bit, unsigned, little-endian integer.  Otherwise the
+ * details are the same.
  */
-static int read_compressed_resource(FILE *fp, u64 resource_compressed_size,
-                                   u64 resource_uncompressed_size,
-                                   u64 resource_offset, int resource_ctype,
-                                   u64 len, u64 offset, u8  contents_ret[])
-{
 
-       DEBUG2("comp size = %"PRIu64", uncomp size = %"PRIu64", "
-              "res offset = %"PRIu64"",
-              resource_compressed_size,
-              resource_uncompressed_size,
-              resource_offset);
-       DEBUG2("resource_ctype = %s, len = %"PRIu64", offset = %"PRIu64"",
-              wimlib_get_compression_type_string(resource_ctype), len, offset);
-       /* Trivial case */
-       if (len == 0)
-               return 0;
 
-       int (*decompress)(const void *, uint, void *, uint);
-       /* Set the appropriate decompress function. */
-       if (resource_ctype == WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX)
-               decompress = lzx_decompress;
-       else
-               decompress = xpress_decompress;
-
-       /* The structure of a compressed resource consists of a table of chunk
-        * offsets followed by the chunks themselves.  Each chunk consists of
-        * compressed data, and there is one chunk for each WIM_CHUNK_SIZE =
-        * 32768 bytes of the uncompressed file, with the last chunk having any
-        * remaining bytes.
-        *
-        * The chunk offsets are measured relative to the end of the chunk
-        * table.  The first chunk is omitted from the table in the WIM file
-        * because its offset is implicitly given by the fact that it directly
-        * follows the chunk table and therefore must have an offset of 0.
-        */
+struct data_range {
+       u64 offset;
+       u64 size;
+};
 
-       /* Calculate how many chunks the resource conists of in its entirety. */
-       u64 num_chunks = (resource_uncompressed_size + WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) /
-                                                               WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-       /* As mentioned, the first chunk has no entry in the chunk table. */
-       u64 num_chunk_entries = num_chunks - 1;
-
-
-       /* The index of the chunk that the read starts at. */
-       u64 start_chunk = offset / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-       /* The byte offset at which the read starts, within the start chunk. */
-       u64 start_chunk_offset = offset % WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-
-       /* The index of the chunk that contains the last byte of the read. */
-       u64 end_chunk   = (offset + len - 1) / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-       /* The byte offset of the last byte of the read, within the end chunk */
-       u64 end_chunk_offset = (offset + len - 1) % WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-
-       /* Number of chunks that are actually needed to read the requested part
-        * of the file. */
-       u64 num_needed_chunks = end_chunk - start_chunk + 1;
-
-       /* If the end chunk is not the last chunk, an extra chunk entry is
-        * needed because we need to know the offset of the chunk after the last
-        * chunk read to figure out the size of the last read chunk. */
-       if (end_chunk != num_chunks - 1)
-               num_needed_chunks++;
-
-       /* Declare the chunk table.  It will only contain offsets for the chunks
-        * that are actually needed for this read. */
-       u64 chunk_offsets[num_needed_chunks];
-
-       /* Set the implicit offset of the first chunk if it is included in the
-        * needed chunks.
-        *
-        * Note: M$'s documentation includes a picture that shows the first
-        * chunk starting right after the chunk entry table, labeled as offset
-        * 0x10.  However, in the actual file format, the offset is measured
-        * from the end of the chunk entry table, so the first chunk has an
-        * offset of 0. */
-       if (start_chunk == 0)
-               chunk_offsets[0] = 0;
-
-       /* According to M$'s documentation, if the uncompressed size of
-        * the file is greater than 4 GB, the chunk entries are 8-byte
-        * integers.  Otherwise, they are 4-byte integers. */
-       u64 chunk_entry_size = (resource_uncompressed_size >= (u64)1 << 32) ?
-                                                                       8 : 4;
-
-       /* Size of the full chunk table in the WIM file. */
-       u64 chunk_table_size = chunk_entry_size * num_chunk_entries;
-
-       /* Read the needed chunk offsets from the table in the WIM file. */
-
-       /* Index, in the WIM file, of the first needed entry in the
-        * chunk table. */
-       u64 start_table_idx = (start_chunk == 0) ? 0 : start_chunk - 1;
-
-       /* Number of entries we need to actually read from the chunk
-        * table (excludes the implicit first chunk). */
-       u64 num_needed_chunk_entries = (start_chunk == 0) ?
-                               num_needed_chunks - 1 : num_needed_chunks;
-
-       /* Skip over unneeded chunk table entries. */
-       u64 file_offset_of_needed_chunk_entries = resource_offset +
-                               start_table_idx * chunk_entry_size;
-       if (fseeko(fp, file_offset_of_needed_chunk_entries, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" to read "
-                                "chunk table of compressed resource",
-                                file_offset_of_needed_chunk_entries);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+/*
+ * read_compressed_wim_resource() -
+ *
+ * Read data from a compressed WIM resource.
+ *
+ * @rspec
+ *     Specification of the compressed WIM resource to read from.
+ * @ranges
+ *     Nonoverlapping, nonempty ranges of the uncompressed resource data to
+ *     read, sorted by increasing offset.
+ * @num_ranges
+ *     Number of ranges in @ranges; must be at least 1.
+ * @cb
+ *     Callback function to feed the data being read.  Each call provides the
+ *     next chunk of the requested data, uncompressed.  Each chunk will be of
+ *     nonzero size and will not cross range boundaries, but otherwise will be
+ *     of unspecified size.
+ * @cb_ctx
+ *     Parameter to pass to @cb_ctx.
+ *
+ * Possible return values:
+ *
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_READ                   (errno set)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE (errno set to 0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM                  (errno set to ENOMEM)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION          (errno set to EINVAL)
+ *
+ *     or other error code returned by the @cb function.
+ */
+static int
+read_compressed_wim_resource(const struct wim_resource_spec * const rspec,
+                            const struct data_range * const ranges,
+                            const size_t num_ranges,
+                            const consume_data_callback_t cb,
+                            void * const cb_ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+       int errno_save;
+
+       u64 *chunk_offsets = NULL;
+       u8 *ubuf = NULL;
+       void *cbuf = NULL;
+       bool chunk_offsets_malloced = false;
+       bool ubuf_malloced = false;
+       bool cbuf_malloced = false;
+       struct wimlib_decompressor *decompressor = NULL;
+
+       /* Sanity checks  */
+       wimlib_assert(rspec != NULL);
+       wimlib_assert(resource_is_compressed(rspec));
+       wimlib_assert(cb != NULL);
+       wimlib_assert(num_ranges != 0);
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
+               DEBUG("Range %zu/%zu: %"PRIu64"@+%"PRIu64" / %"PRIu64,
+                     i + 1, num_ranges, ranges[i].size, ranges[i].offset,
+                     rspec->uncompressed_size);
+               wimlib_assert(ranges[i].size != 0);
+               wimlib_assert(ranges[i].offset + ranges[i].size >= ranges[i].size);
+               wimlib_assert(ranges[i].offset + ranges[i].size <= rspec->uncompressed_size);
+       }
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_ranges - 1; i++)
+               wimlib_assert(ranges[i].offset + ranges[i].size <= ranges[i + 1].offset);
+
+       /* Get the offsets of the first and last bytes of the read.  */
+       const u64 first_offset = ranges[0].offset;
+       const u64 last_offset = ranges[num_ranges - 1].offset + ranges[num_ranges - 1].size - 1;
+
+       /* Get the file descriptor for the WIM.  */
+       struct filedes * const in_fd = &rspec->wim->in_fd;
+
+       /* Determine if we're reading a pipable resource from a pipe or not.  */
+       const bool is_pipe_read = !filedes_is_seekable(in_fd);
+
+       /* Determine if the chunk table is in an altenate format.  */
+       const bool alt_chunk_table = (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS)
+                                       && !is_pipe_read;
+
+       /* Get the maximum size of uncompressed chunks in this resource, which
+        * we require be a power of 2.  */
+       u64 cur_read_offset = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+       int ctype = rspec->compression_type;
+       u32 chunk_size = rspec->chunk_size;
+       if (alt_chunk_table) {
+               /* Alternate chunk table format.  Its header specifies the chunk
+                * size and compression format.  Note: it could be read here;
+                * however, the relevant data was already loaded into @rspec by
+                * read_wim_lookup_table().  */
+               cur_read_offset += sizeof(struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk);
+       }
+
+       if (!is_power_of_2(chunk_size)) {
+               ERROR("Invalid compressed resource: "
+                     "expected power-of-2 chunk size (got %"PRIu32")",
+                     chunk_size);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE;
+               goto out_free_memory;
        }
 
-       /* Number of bytes we need to read from the chunk table. */
-       size_t size = num_needed_chunk_entries * chunk_entry_size;
+       /* Get valid decompressor.  */
+       if (ctype == rspec->wim->decompressor_ctype &&
+           chunk_size == rspec->wim->decompressor_max_block_size)
+       {
+               /* Cached decompressor.  */
+               decompressor = rspec->wim->decompressor;
+               rspec->wim->decompressor_ctype = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
+               rspec->wim->decompressor = NULL;
+       } else {
+               ret = wimlib_create_decompressor(ctype, chunk_size, NULL,
+                                                &decompressor);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_memory;
+       }
 
-       u8 chunk_tab_buf[size];
+       const u32 chunk_order = bsr32(chunk_size);
+
+       /* Calculate the total number of chunks the resource is divided into.  */
+       const u64 num_chunks = (rspec->uncompressed_size + chunk_size - 1) >> chunk_order;
+
+       /* Calculate the 0-based indices of the first and last chunks containing
+        * data that needs to be passed to the callback.  */
+       const u64 first_needed_chunk = first_offset >> chunk_order;
+       const u64 last_needed_chunk = last_offset >> chunk_order;
+
+       /* Calculate the 0-based index of the first chunk that actually needs to
+        * be read.  This is normally first_needed_chunk, but for pipe reads we
+        * must always start from the 0th chunk.  */
+       const u64 read_start_chunk = (is_pipe_read ? 0 : first_needed_chunk);
+
+       /* Calculate the number of chunk offsets that are needed for the chunks
+        * being read.  */
+       const u64 num_needed_chunk_offsets =
+               last_needed_chunk - read_start_chunk + 1 +
+               (last_needed_chunk < num_chunks - 1);
+
+       /* Calculate the number of entries in the chunk table.  Normally, it's
+        * one less than the number of chunks, since the first chunk has no
+        * entry.  But in the alternate chunk table format, the chunk entries
+        * contain chunk sizes, not offsets, and there is one per chunk.  */
+       const u64 num_chunk_entries = (alt_chunk_table ? num_chunks : num_chunks - 1);
+
+       /* Set the size of each chunk table entry based on the resource's
+        * uncompressed size.  */
+       const u64 chunk_entry_size = get_chunk_entry_size(rspec->uncompressed_size,
+                                                         alt_chunk_table);
+
+       /* Calculate the size of the chunk table in bytes.  */
+       const u64 chunk_table_size = num_chunk_entries * chunk_entry_size;
+
+       /* Calculate the size of the chunk table in bytes, including the header
+        * in the case of the alternate chunk table format.  */
+       const u64 chunk_table_full_size =
+               (alt_chunk_table) ? chunk_table_size + sizeof(struct alt_chunk_table_header_disk)
+                                 : chunk_table_size;
+
+       if (!is_pipe_read) {
+               /* Read the needed chunk table entries into memory and use them
+                * to initialize the chunk_offsets array.  */
+
+               u64 first_chunk_entry_to_read;
+               u64 last_chunk_entry_to_read;
+
+               if (alt_chunk_table) {
+                       /* The alternate chunk table contains chunk sizes, not
+                        * offsets, so we always must read all preceding entries
+                        * in order to determine offsets.  */
+                       first_chunk_entry_to_read = 0;
+                       last_chunk_entry_to_read = last_needed_chunk;
+               } else {
+                       /* Here we must account for the fact that the first
+                        * chunk has no explicit chunk table entry.  */
 
-       if (fread(chunk_tab_buf, 1, size, fp) != size)
-               goto err;
+                       if (read_start_chunk == 0)
+                               first_chunk_entry_to_read = 0;
+                       else
+                               first_chunk_entry_to_read = read_start_chunk - 1;
 
-       /* Now fill in chunk_offsets from the entries we have read in
-        * chunk_tab_buf. */
+                       if (last_needed_chunk == 0)
+                               last_chunk_entry_to_read = 0;
+                       else
+                               last_chunk_entry_to_read = last_needed_chunk - 1;
 
-       u64 *chunk_tab_p = chunk_offsets;
-       if (start_chunk == 0)
-               chunk_tab_p++;
+                       if (last_needed_chunk < num_chunks - 1)
+                               last_chunk_entry_to_read++;
+               }
 
-       if (chunk_entry_size == 4) {
-               u32 *entries = (u32*)chunk_tab_buf;
-               while (num_needed_chunk_entries--)
-                       *chunk_tab_p++ = le32_to_cpu(*entries++);
-       } else {
-               u64 *entries = (u64*)chunk_tab_buf;
-               while (num_needed_chunk_entries--)
-                       *chunk_tab_p++ = le64_to_cpu(*entries++);
-       }
+               const u64 num_chunk_entries_to_read =
+                       last_chunk_entry_to_read - first_chunk_entry_to_read + 1;
 
-       /* Done with the chunk table now.  We must now seek to the first chunk
-        * that is needed for the read. */
+               const u64 chunk_offsets_alloc_size =
+                       max(num_chunk_entries_to_read,
+                           num_needed_chunk_offsets) * sizeof(chunk_offsets[0]);
 
-       u64 file_offset_of_first_needed_chunk = resource_offset +
-                               chunk_table_size + chunk_offsets[0];
-       if (fseeko(fp, file_offset_of_first_needed_chunk, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" to read "
-                                "first chunk of compressed resource",
-                                file_offset_of_first_needed_chunk);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
-       }
+               if ((size_t)chunk_offsets_alloc_size != chunk_offsets_alloc_size)
+                       goto oom;
 
-       /* Pointer to current position in the output buffer for uncompressed
-        * data. */
-       u8 *out_p = (u8*)contents_ret;
-
-       /* Buffer for compressed data.  While most compressed chunks will have a
-        * size much less than WIM_CHUNK_SIZE, WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1 is the maximum
-        * size in the worst-case.  This assumption is valid only if chunks that
-        * happen to compress to more than the uncompressed size (i.e. a
-        * sequence of random bytes) are always stored uncompressed. But this seems
-        * to be the case in M$'s WIM files, even though it is undocumented. */
-       u8 compressed_buf[WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1];
-
-
-       /* Decompress all the chunks. */
-       for (u64 i = start_chunk; i <= end_chunk; i++) {
-
-               DEBUG2("Chunk %"PRIu64" (start %"PRIu64", end %"PRIu64").",
-                      i, start_chunk, end_chunk);
-
-               /* Calculate the sizes of the compressed chunk and of the
-                * uncompressed chunk. */
-               uint compressed_chunk_size, uncompressed_chunk_size;
-               if (i != num_chunks - 1) {
-                       /* All the chunks except the last one in the resource
-                        * expand to WIM_CHUNK_SIZE uncompressed, and the amount
-                        * of compressed data for the chunk is given by the
-                        * difference of offsets in the chunk offset table. */
-                       compressed_chunk_size = chunk_offsets[i + 1 - start_chunk] -
-                                               chunk_offsets[i - start_chunk];
-                       uncompressed_chunk_size = WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+               if (chunk_offsets_alloc_size <= STACK_MAX) {
+                       chunk_offsets = alloca(chunk_offsets_alloc_size);
                } else {
-                       /* The last compressed chunk consists of the remaining
-                        * bytes in the file resource, and the last uncompressed
-                        * chunk has size equal to however many bytes are left-
-                        * that is, the remainder of the uncompressed size when
-                        * divided by WIM_CHUNK_SIZE.
-                        *
-                        * Note that the resource_compressed_size includes the
-                        * chunk table, so the size of it must be subtracted. */
-                       compressed_chunk_size = resource_compressed_size -
-                                               chunk_table_size -
-                                               chunk_offsets[i - start_chunk];
-
-                       uncompressed_chunk_size = resource_uncompressed_size %
-                                                               WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-
-                       /* If the remainder is 0, the last chunk actually
-                        * uncompresses to a full WIM_CHUNK_SIZE bytes. */
-                       if (uncompressed_chunk_size == 0)
-                               uncompressed_chunk_size = WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+                       chunk_offsets = MALLOC(chunk_offsets_alloc_size);
+                       if (chunk_offsets == NULL)
+                               goto oom;
+                       chunk_offsets_malloced = true;
                }
 
-               DEBUG2("compressed_chunk_size = %u, "
-                      "uncompressed_chunk_size = %u",
-                      compressed_chunk_size, uncompressed_chunk_size);
+               const size_t chunk_table_size_to_read =
+                       num_chunk_entries_to_read * chunk_entry_size;
 
+               const u64 file_offset_of_needed_chunk_entries =
+                       cur_read_offset
+                       + (first_chunk_entry_to_read * chunk_entry_size)
+                       + (rspec->is_pipable ? (rspec->size_in_wim - chunk_table_size) : 0);
 
-               /* Figure out how much of this chunk we actually need to read */
-               u64 start_offset;
-               if (i == start_chunk)
-                       start_offset = start_chunk_offset;
-               else
-                       start_offset = 0;
-               u64 end_offset;
-               if (i == end_chunk)
-                       end_offset = end_chunk_offset;
-               else
-                       end_offset = WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1;
-
-               u64 partial_chunk_size = end_offset + 1 - start_offset;
-               bool is_partial_chunk = (partial_chunk_size !=
-                                               uncompressed_chunk_size);
-
-               DEBUG2("start_offset = %u, end_offset = %u", start_offset,
-                                       end_offset);
-               DEBUG2("partial_chunk_size = %u", partial_chunk_size);
-
-               /* This is undocumented, but chunks can be uncompressed.  This
-                * appears to always be the case when the compressed chunk size
-                * is equal to the uncompressed chunk size. */
-               if (compressed_chunk_size == uncompressed_chunk_size) {
-                       /* Probably an uncompressed chunk */
-
-                       if (start_offset != 0) {
-                               if (fseeko(fp, start_offset, SEEK_CUR) != 0) {
-                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Uncompressed partial "
-                                                        "chunk fseek() error");
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
-                               }
+               void * const chunk_table_data =
+                       (u8*)chunk_offsets +
+                       chunk_offsets_alloc_size -
+                       chunk_table_size_to_read;
+
+               ret = full_pread(in_fd, chunk_table_data, chunk_table_size_to_read,
+                                file_offset_of_needed_chunk_entries);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+
+               /* Now fill in chunk_offsets from the entries we have read in
+                * chunk_tab_data.  We break aliasing rules here to avoid having
+                * to allocate yet another array.  */
+               typedef le64 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le64_t;
+               typedef le32 __attribute__((may_alias)) aliased_le32_t;
+               u64 * chunk_offsets_p = chunk_offsets;
+
+               if (alt_chunk_table) {
+                       u64 cur_offset = 0;
+                       aliased_le32_t *raw_entries = chunk_table_data;
+
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_chunk_entries_to_read; i++) {
+                               u32 entry = le32_to_cpu(raw_entries[i]);
+                               if (i >= read_start_chunk)
+                                       *chunk_offsets_p++ = cur_offset;
+                               cur_offset += entry;
                        }
-                       if (fread(out_p, 1, partial_chunk_size, fp) !=
-                                       partial_chunk_size)
-                               goto err;
+                       if (last_needed_chunk < num_chunks - 1)
+                               *chunk_offsets_p = cur_offset;
                } else {
-                       /* Compressed chunk */
-                       int ret;
-
-                       /* Read the compressed data into compressed_buf. */
-                       if (fread(compressed_buf, 1, compressed_chunk_size,
-                                               fp) != compressed_chunk_size)
-                               goto err;
-
-                       /* For partial chunks we must buffer the uncompressed
-                        * data because we don't need all of it. */
-                       if (is_partial_chunk) {
-                               u8 uncompressed_buf[uncompressed_chunk_size];
-
-                               ret = decompress(compressed_buf,
-                                               compressed_chunk_size,
-                                               uncompressed_buf,
-                                               uncompressed_chunk_size);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION;
-                               memcpy(out_p, uncompressed_buf + start_offset,
-                                               partial_chunk_size);
+                       if (read_start_chunk == 0)
+                               *chunk_offsets_p++ = 0;
+
+                       if (chunk_entry_size == 4) {
+                               aliased_le32_t *raw_entries = chunk_table_data;
+                               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_chunk_entries_to_read; i++)
+                                       *chunk_offsets_p++ = le32_to_cpu(raw_entries[i]);
                        } else {
-                               ret = decompress(compressed_buf,
-                                               compressed_chunk_size,
-                                               out_p,
-                                               uncompressed_chunk_size);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION;
+                               aliased_le64_t *raw_entries = chunk_table_data;
+                               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_chunk_entries_to_read; i++)
+                                       *chunk_offsets_p++ = le64_to_cpu(raw_entries[i]);
                        }
                }
 
-               /* Advance the pointer into the uncompressed output data by the
-                * number of uncompressed bytes that were written.  */
-               out_p += partial_chunk_size;
+               /* Set offset to beginning of first chunk to read.  */
+               cur_read_offset += chunk_offsets[0];
+               if (rspec->is_pipable)
+                       cur_read_offset += read_start_chunk * sizeof(struct pwm_chunk_hdr);
+               else
+                       cur_read_offset += chunk_table_size;
        }
 
-       return 0;
-
-err:
-       if (feof(fp))
-               ERROR("Unexpected EOF in compressed file resource");
-       else
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading compressed file resource");
-       return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
-}
+       /* Allocate buffer for holding the uncompressed data of each chunk.  */
+       if (chunk_size <= STACK_MAX) {
+               ubuf = alloca(chunk_size);
+       } else {
+               ubuf = MALLOC(chunk_size);
+               if (ubuf == NULL)
+                       goto oom;
+               ubuf_malloced = true;
+       }
 
-/*
- * Reads uncompressed data from an open file stream.
- */
-int read_uncompressed_resource(FILE *fp, u64 offset, u64 len,
-                              u8 contents_ret[])
-{
-       if (fseeko(fp, offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of input file "
-                     "to read uncompressed resource (len = %"PRIu64")",
-                     offset, len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
+       /* Allocate a temporary buffer for reading compressed chunks, each of
+        * which can be at most @chunk_size - 1 bytes.  This excludes compressed
+        * chunks that are a full @chunk_size bytes, which are actually stored
+        * uncompressed.  */
+       if (chunk_size - 1 <= STACK_MAX) {
+               cbuf = alloca(chunk_size - 1);
+       } else {
+               cbuf = MALLOC(chunk_size - 1);
+               if (cbuf == NULL)
+                       goto oom;
+               cbuf_malloced = true;
        }
-       if (fread(contents_ret, 1, len, fp) != len) {
-               if (feof(fp)) {
-                       ERROR("Unexpected EOF in uncompressed file resource");
+
+       /* Set current data range.  */
+       const struct data_range *cur_range = ranges;
+       const struct data_range * const end_range = &ranges[num_ranges];
+       u64 cur_range_pos = cur_range->offset;
+       u64 cur_range_end = cur_range->offset + cur_range->size;
+
+       /* Read and process each needed chunk.  */
+       for (u64 i = read_start_chunk; i <= last_needed_chunk; i++) {
+
+               /* Calculate uncompressed size of next chunk.  */
+               u32 chunk_usize;
+               if ((i == num_chunks - 1) && (rspec->uncompressed_size & (chunk_size - 1)))
+                       chunk_usize = (rspec->uncompressed_size & (chunk_size - 1));
+               else
+                       chunk_usize = chunk_size;
+
+               /* Calculate compressed size of next chunk.  */
+               u32 chunk_csize;
+               if (is_pipe_read) {
+                       struct pwm_chunk_hdr chunk_hdr;
+
+                       ret = full_pread(in_fd, &chunk_hdr,
+                                        sizeof(chunk_hdr), cur_read_offset);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto read_error;
+                       chunk_csize = le32_to_cpu(chunk_hdr.compressed_size);
                } else {
-                       ERROR("Failed to read %"PRIu64" bytes from "
-                             "uncompressed resource at offset %"PRIu64,
-                             len, offset);
+                       if (i == num_chunks - 1) {
+                               chunk_csize = rspec->size_in_wim -
+                                             chunk_table_full_size -
+                                             chunk_offsets[i - read_start_chunk];
+                               if (rspec->is_pipable)
+                                       chunk_csize -= num_chunks * sizeof(struct pwm_chunk_hdr);
+                       } else {
+                               chunk_csize = chunk_offsets[i + 1 - read_start_chunk] -
+                                             chunk_offsets[i - read_start_chunk];
+                       }
+               }
+               if (chunk_csize == 0 || chunk_csize > chunk_usize) {
+                       ERROR("Invalid chunk size in compressed resource!");
+                       errno = EINVAL;
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION;
+                       goto out_free_memory;
+               }
+               if (rspec->is_pipable)
+                       cur_read_offset += sizeof(struct pwm_chunk_hdr);
+
+               /* Offsets in the uncompressed resource at which this chunk
+                * starts and ends.  */
+               const u64 chunk_start_offset = i << chunk_order;
+               const u64 chunk_end_offset = chunk_start_offset + chunk_usize;
+
+               if (chunk_end_offset <= cur_range_pos) {
+
+                       /* The next range does not require data in this chunk,
+                        * so skip it.  */
+                       cur_read_offset += chunk_csize;
+                       if (is_pipe_read) {
+                               u8 dummy;
+
+                               ret = full_pread(in_fd, &dummy, 1, cur_read_offset - 1);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto read_error;
+                       }
+               } else {
+
+                       /* Read the chunk and feed data to the callback
+                        * function.  */
+                       u8 *read_buf;
+
+                       if (chunk_csize == chunk_usize)
+                               read_buf = ubuf;
+                       else
+                               read_buf = cbuf;
+
+                       ret = full_pread(in_fd,
+                                        read_buf,
+                                        chunk_csize,
+                                        cur_read_offset);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto read_error;
+
+                       if (read_buf == cbuf) {
+                               DEBUG("Decompressing chunk %"PRIu64" "
+                                     "(csize=%"PRIu32" usize=%"PRIu32")",
+                                     i, chunk_csize, chunk_usize);
+                               ret = wimlib_decompress(cbuf,
+                                                       chunk_csize,
+                                                       ubuf,
+                                                       chunk_usize,
+                                                       decompressor);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       ERROR("Failed to decompress data!");
+                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION;
+                                       errno = EINVAL;
+                                       goto out_free_memory;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       cur_read_offset += chunk_csize;
+
+                       /* At least one range requires data in this chunk.  */
+                       do {
+                               size_t start, end, size;
+
+                               /* Calculate how many bytes of data should be
+                                * sent to the callback function, taking into
+                                * account that data sent to the callback
+                                * function must not overlap range boundaries.
+                                */
+                               start = cur_range_pos - chunk_start_offset;
+                               end = min(cur_range_end, chunk_end_offset) - chunk_start_offset;
+                               size = end - start;
+
+                               ret = (*cb)(&ubuf[start], size, cb_ctx);
+
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto out_free_memory;
+
+                               cur_range_pos += size;
+                               if (cur_range_pos == cur_range_end) {
+                                       /* Advance to next range.  */
+                                       if (++cur_range == end_range) {
+                                               cur_range_pos = ~0ULL;
+                                       } else {
+                                               cur_range_pos = cur_range->offset;
+                                               cur_range_end = cur_range->offset + cur_range->size;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } while (cur_range_pos < chunk_end_offset);
                }
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
        }
-       return 0;
-}
 
+       if (is_pipe_read &&
+           last_offset == rspec->uncompressed_size - 1 &&
+           chunk_table_size)
+       {
+               u8 dummy;
+               /* If reading a pipable resource from a pipe and the full data
+                * was requested, skip the chunk table at the end so that the
+                * file descriptor is fully clear of the resource after this
+                * returns.  */
+               cur_read_offset += chunk_table_size;
+               ret = full_pread(in_fd, &dummy, 1, cur_read_offset - 1);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+
+out_free_memory:
+       errno_save = errno;
+       if (decompressor) {
+               wimlib_free_decompressor(rspec->wim->decompressor);
+               rspec->wim->decompressor = decompressor;
+               rspec->wim->decompressor_ctype = ctype;
+               rspec->wim->decompressor_max_block_size = chunk_size;
+       }
+       if (chunk_offsets_malloced)
+               FREE(chunk_offsets);
+       if (ubuf_malloced)
+               FREE(ubuf);
+       if (cbuf_malloced)
+               FREE(cbuf);
+       errno = errno_save;
+       return ret;
 
+oom:
+       ERROR("Not enough memory available to read size=%"PRIu64" bytes "
+             "from compressed WIM resource!", last_offset - first_offset + 1);
+       errno = ENOMEM;
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       goto out_free_memory;
 
+read_error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading compressed WIM resource!");
+       goto out_free_memory;
+}
 
-/* Reads the contents of a struct resource_entry, as represented in the on-disk
- * format, from the memory pointed to by @p, and fills in the fields of @entry.
- * A pointer to the byte after the memory read at @p is returned. */
-const u8 *get_resource_entry(const u8 *p, struct resource_entry *entry)
+/* Read raw data from a file descriptor at the specified offset, feeding the
+ * data it in chunks into the specified callback function.  */
+static int
+read_raw_file_data(struct filedes *in_fd, u64 offset, u64 size,
+                  consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
 {
-       u64 size;
-       u8 flags;
-
-       p = get_u56(p, &size);
-       p = get_u8(p, &flags);
-       entry->size = size;
-       entry->flags = flags;
-
-       /* offset and original_size are truncated to 62 bits to avoid possible
-        * overflows, when converting to a signed 64-bit integer (off_t) or when
-        * adding size or original_size.  This is okay since no one would ever
-        * actually have a WIM bigger than 4611686018427387903 bytes... */
-       p = get_u64(p, &entry->offset);
-       if (entry->offset & 0xc000000000000000ULL) {
-               WARNING("Truncating offset in resource entry");
-               entry->offset &= 0x3fffffffffffffffULL;
-       }
-       p = get_u64(p, &entry->original_size);
-       if (entry->original_size & 0xc000000000000000ULL) {
-               WARNING("Truncating original_size in resource entry");
-               entry->original_size &= 0x3fffffffffffffffULL;
+       u8 buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
+       size_t bytes_to_read;
+       int ret;
+
+       while (size) {
+               bytes_to_read = min(sizeof(buf), size);
+               ret = full_pread(in_fd, buf, bytes_to_read, offset);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Read error");
+                       return ret;
+               }
+               ret = cb(buf, bytes_to_read, cb_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               size -= bytes_to_read;
+               offset += bytes_to_read;
        }
-       return p;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Copies the struct resource_entry @entry to the memory pointed to by @p in the
- * on-disk format.  A pointer to the byte after the memory written at @p is
- * returned. */
-u8 *put_resource_entry(u8 *p, const struct resource_entry *entry)
+/* A consume_data_callback_t implementation that simply concatenates all chunks
+ * into a buffer.  */
+static int
+bufferer_cb(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
 {
-       p = put_u56(p, entry->size);
-       p = put_u8(p, entry->flags);
-       p = put_u64(p, entry->offset);
-       p = put_u64(p, entry->original_size);
-       return p;
+       u8 **buf_p = _ctx;
+
+       *buf_p = mempcpy(*buf_p, chunk, size);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Reads some data from the resource corresponding to a WIM lookup table entry.
+ * read_partial_wim_resource()-
+ *
+ * Read a range of data from an uncompressed or compressed resource in a WIM
+ * file.
+ *
+ * @rspec
+ *     Specification of the WIM resource to read from.
+ * @offset
+ *     Offset within the uncompressed resource at which to start reading.
+ * @size
+ *     Number of bytes to read.
+ * @cb
+ *     Callback function to feed the data being read.  Each call provides the
+ *     next chunk of the requested data, uncompressed.  Each chunk will be of
+ *     nonzero size and will not cross range boundaries, but otherwise will be
+ *     of unspecified size.
+ * @cb_ctx
+ *     Parameter to pass to @cb_ctx.
  *
- * @lte:       The WIM lookup table entry for the resource.
- * @buf:       Buffer into which to write the data.
- * @size:      Number of bytes to read.
- * @offset:    Offset at which to start reading the resource.
- * @raw:       If %true, compressed data is read literally rather than being
- *                     decompressed first.
+ * Return values:
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_READ                   (errno set)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE (errno set to 0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM                  (errno set to ENOMEM)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_DECOMPRESSION          (errno set to EINVAL)
  *
- * Returns zero on success, nonzero on failure.
+ *     or other error code returned by the @cb function.
  */
-int read_wim_resource(const struct lookup_table_entry *lte, u8 buf[],
-                     size_t size, u64 offset, bool raw)
+static int
+read_partial_wim_resource(const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                         u64 offset, u64 size,
+                         consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
 {
-       int ctype;
-       int ret = 0;
-       FILE *fp;
-
-       /* We shouldn't be allowing read over-runs in any part of the library.
-        * */
-       if (raw)
-               wimlib_assert(offset + size <= lte->resource_entry.size);
-       else
-               wimlib_assert(offset + size <= lte->resource_entry.original_size);
-
-       switch (lte->resource_location) {
-       case RESOURCE_IN_WIM:
-               /* The resource is in a WIM file, and its WIMStruct is given by
-                * the lte->wim member.  The resource may be either compressed
-                * or uncompressed. */
-               wimlib_assert(lte->wim != NULL);
-               wimlib_assert(lte->wim->fp != NULL);
-               ctype = wim_resource_compression_type(lte);
-
-               wimlib_assert(ctype != WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE ||
-                             (lte->resource_entry.original_size ==
-                              lte->resource_entry.size));
-
-               if (raw || ctype == WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                       ret = read_uncompressed_resource(lte->wim->fp,
-                                                        lte->resource_entry.offset + offset,
-                                                        size, buf);
-               else
-                       ret = read_compressed_resource(lte->wim->fp,
-                                                      lte->resource_entry.size,
-                                                      lte->resource_entry.original_size,
-                                                      lte->resource_entry.offset,
-                                                      ctype, size, offset, buf);
-               break;
-       case RESOURCE_IN_STAGING_FILE:
-       case RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK:
-               /* The resource is in some file on the external filesystem and
-                * needs to be read uncompressed */
-               wimlib_assert(lte->file_on_disk);
-               wimlib_assert(&lte->file_on_disk == &lte->staging_file_name);
-               /* Use existing file pointer if available; otherwise open one
-                * temporarily */
-               if (lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-                       fp = lte->file_on_disk_fp;
-               } else {
-                       fp = fopen(lte->file_on_disk, "rb");
-                       if (!fp) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file "
-                                                "`%s'", lte->file_on_disk);
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-               ret = read_uncompressed_resource(fp, offset, size, buf);
-               if (fp != lte->file_on_disk_fp)
-                       fclose(fp);
-               break;
-       case RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER:
-               /* The resource is directly attached uncompressed in an
-                * in-memory buffer. */
-               wimlib_assert(lte->attached_buffer != NULL);
-               memcpy(buf, lte->attached_buffer + offset, size);
-               break;
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       case RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME:
-               wimlib_assert(lte->ntfs_loc != NULL);
-               wimlib_assert(lte->attr != NULL);
-               {
-                       if (lte->ntfs_loc->is_reparse_point)
-                               offset += 8;
-                       if (ntfs_attr_pread(lte->attr, offset, size, buf) != size) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading NTFS attribute "
-                                                "at `%s'",
-                                                lte->ntfs_loc->path_utf8);
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
-#endif
-       default:
-               wimlib_assert(0);
-               ret = -1;
-               break;
+       /* Sanity checks.  */
+       wimlib_assert(offset + size >= offset);
+       wimlib_assert(offset + size <= rspec->uncompressed_size);
+
+       DEBUG("Reading %"PRIu64" @ %"PRIu64" from WIM resource  "
+             "%"PRIu64" => %"PRIu64" @ %"PRIu64,
+             size, offset, rspec->uncompressed_size,
+             rspec->size_in_wim, rspec->offset_in_wim);
+
+       /* Trivial case.  */
+       if (size == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (resource_is_compressed(rspec)) {
+               struct data_range range = {
+                       .offset = offset,
+                       .size = size,
+               };
+               return read_compressed_wim_resource(rspec, &range, 1,
+                                                   cb, cb_ctx);
+       } else {
+               return read_raw_file_data(&rspec->wim->in_fd,
+                                         rspec->offset_in_wim + offset,
+                                         size,
+                                         cb,
+                                         cb_ctx);
        }
-       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Reads all the data from the resource corresponding to a WIM lookup table
- * entry.
- *
- * @lte:       The WIM lookup table entry for the resource.
- * @buf:       Buffer into which to write the data.  It must be at least
- *             wim_resource_size(lte) bytes long.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
-int read_full_wim_resource(const struct lookup_table_entry *lte, u8 buf[])
+/* Read the specified range of uncompressed data from the specified stream,
+ * which must be located into a WIM file, into the specified buffer.  */
+int
+read_partial_wim_stream_into_buf(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                                size_t size, u64 offset, void *_buf)
+{
+       u8 *buf = _buf;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM);
+
+       return read_partial_wim_resource(lte->rspec,
+                                        lte->offset_in_res + offset,
+                                        size,
+                                        bufferer_cb,
+                                        &buf);
+}
+
+/* A consume_data_callback_t implementation that simply ignores the data
+ * received.  */
+static int
+skip_chunk_cb(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
 {
-       return read_wim_resource(lte, buf, wim_resource_size(lte), 0, false);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Chunk table that's located at the beginning of each compressed resource in
- * the WIM.  (This is not the on-disk format; the on-disk format just has an
- * array of offsets.) */
-struct chunk_table {
-       off_t file_offset;
-       u64 num_chunks;
-       u64 original_resource_size;
-       u64 bytes_per_chunk_entry;
-       u64 table_disk_size;
-       u64 cur_offset;
-       u64 *cur_offset_p;
-       u64 offsets[0];
-};
+/* Skip over the data of the specified stream, which must correspond to a full
+ * WIM resource.  */
+int
+skip_wim_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM);
+       wimlib_assert(!(lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS));
+       DEBUG("Skipping stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+       return read_partial_wim_resource(lte->rspec,
+                                        0,
+                                        lte->rspec->uncompressed_size,
+                                        skip_chunk_cb,
+                                        NULL);
+}
 
-/*
- * Allocates and initializes a chunk table, and reserves space for it in the
- * output file.
- */
 static int
-begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(const struct lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                            FILE *out_fp,
-                            off_t file_offset,
-                            struct chunk_table **chunk_tab_ret)
+read_wim_stream_prefix(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, u64 size,
+                      consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
+{
+       return read_partial_wim_resource(lte->rspec, lte->offset_in_res, size,
+                                        cb, cb_ctx);
+}
+
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+/* This function handles reading stream data that is located in an external
+ * file,  such as a file that has been added to the WIM image through execution
+ * of a wimlib_add_command.
+ *
+ * This assumes the file can be accessed using the standard POSIX open(),
+ * read(), and close().  On Windows this will not necessarily be the case (since
+ * the file may need FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS to be opened, or the file may be
+ * encrypted), so Windows uses its own code for its equivalent case.  */
+static int
+read_file_on_disk_prefix(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, u64 size,
+                        consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
 {
-       u64 size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-       u64 num_chunks = (size + WIM_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / WIM_CHUNK_SIZE;
-       size_t alloc_size = sizeof(struct chunk_table) + num_chunks * sizeof(u64);
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = CALLOC(1, alloc_size);
        int ret;
+       int raw_fd;
+       struct filedes fd;
 
-       if (!chunk_tab) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate chunk table for %"PRIu64" byte "
-                     "resource", size);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       chunk_tab->file_offset = file_offset;
-       chunk_tab->num_chunks = num_chunks;
-       chunk_tab->original_resource_size = size;
-       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry = (size >= (1ULL << 32)) ? 8 : 4;
-       chunk_tab->table_disk_size = chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry *
-                                    (num_chunks - 1);
-       chunk_tab->cur_offset = 0;
-       chunk_tab->cur_offset_p = chunk_tab->offsets;
-
-       if (fwrite(chunk_tab, 1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp) !=
-                  chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out;
-       }
+       wimlib_assert(size <= lte->size);
 
-       ret = 0;
-out:
-       *chunk_tab_ret = chunk_tab;
+       DEBUG("Reading %"PRIu64" bytes from \"%"TS"\"", size, lte->file_on_disk);
+
+       raw_fd = open(lte->file_on_disk, O_BINARY | O_RDONLY);
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Can't open \"%"TS"\"", lte->file_on_disk);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
+       filedes_init(&fd, raw_fd);
+       ret = read_raw_file_data(&fd, 0, size, cb, cb_ctx);
+       filedes_close(&fd);
        return ret;
 }
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
 
-/*
- * Compresses a chunk of a WIM resource.
- *
- * @chunk:             Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:                Size of the uncompressed chunk in bytes.
- * @compressed_chunk:  Pointer to output buffer of size at least
- *                             (@chunk_size - 1) bytes.
- * @compressed_chunk_len_ret:  Pointer to an unsigned int into which the size
- *                                     of the compressed chunk will be
- *                                     returned.
- * @ctype:     Type of compression to use.  Must be WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX
- *             or WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_XPRESS.
- *
- * Returns zero if compressed succeeded, and nonzero if the chunk could not be
- * compressed to any smaller than @chunk_size.  This function cannot fail for
- * any other reasons.
- */
-static int compress_chunk(const u8 chunk[], unsigned chunk_size,
-                         u8 compressed_chunk[],
-                         unsigned *compressed_chunk_len_ret,
-                         int ctype)
+/* This function handles the trivial case of reading stream data that is, in
+ * fact, already located in an in-memory buffer.  */
+static int
+read_buffer_prefix(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                  u64 size, consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
 {
-       int (*compress)(const void *, unsigned, void *, unsigned *);
-       switch (ctype) {
-       case WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX:
-               compress = lzx_compress;
-               break;
-       case WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_XPRESS:
-               compress = xpress_compress;
-               break;
-       default:
-               wimlib_assert(0);
-               break;
-       }
-       return (*compress)(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk,
-                          compressed_chunk_len_ret);
+       wimlib_assert(size <= lte->size);
+       return (*cb)(lte->attached_buffer, size, cb_ctx);
 }
 
+typedef int (*read_stream_prefix_handler_t)(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                                           u64 size,
+                                           consume_data_callback_t cb,
+                                           void *cb_ctx);
+
 /*
- * Writes a chunk of a WIM resource to an output file.
+ * read_stream_prefix()-
  *
- * @chunk:       Uncompressed data of the chunk.
- * @chunk_size:          Size of the chunk (<= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE)
- * @out_fp:      FILE * to write tho chunk to.
- * @out_ctype:   Compression type to use when writing the chunk (ignored if no
- *                     chunk table provided)
- * @chunk_tab:   Pointer to chunk table being created.  It is updated with the
- *                     offset of the chunk we write.
+ * Reads the first @size bytes from a generic "stream", which may be located in
+ * any one of several locations, such as in a WIM file (compressed or
+ * uncompressed), in an external file, or directly in an in-memory buffer.
  *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ * This function feeds the data to a callback function @cb in chunks of
+ * unspecified size.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on error.  A nonzero value will be returned if
+ * the stream data cannot be successfully read (for a number of different
+ * reasons, depending on the stream location), or if @cb returned nonzero in
+ * which case that error code will be returned.
  */
-static int write_wim_resource_chunk(const u8 chunk[], unsigned chunk_size,
-                                   FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
-                                   struct chunk_table *chunk_tab)
+static int
+read_stream_prefix(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, u64 size,
+                  consume_data_callback_t cb, void *cb_ctx)
 {
-       const u8 *out_chunk;
-       unsigned out_chunk_size;
+       static const read_stream_prefix_handler_t handlers[] = {
+               [RESOURCE_IN_WIM]             = read_wim_stream_prefix,
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               [RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK]    = read_win32_file_prefix,
+       #else
+               [RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK]    = read_file_on_disk_prefix,
+       #endif
+               [RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER] = read_buffer_prefix,
+       #ifdef WITH_FUSE
+               [RESOURCE_IN_STAGING_FILE]    = read_file_on_disk_prefix,
+       #endif
+       #ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+               [RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME]     = read_ntfs_file_prefix,
+       #endif
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               [RESOURCE_WIN32_ENCRYPTED]    = read_win32_encrypted_file_prefix,
+       #endif
+       };
+       wimlib_assert(lte->resource_location < ARRAY_LEN(handlers)
+                     && handlers[lte->resource_location] != NULL);
+       return handlers[lte->resource_location](lte, size, cb, cb_ctx);
+}
 
-       wimlib_assert(chunk_size <= WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+/* Read the full uncompressed data of the specified stream into the specified
+ * buffer, which must have space for at least lte->size bytes.  */
+int
+read_full_stream_into_buf(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_buf)
+{
+       u8 *buf = _buf;
+       return read_stream_prefix(lte, lte->size, bufferer_cb, &buf);
+}
 
-       if (!chunk_tab) {
-               out_chunk = chunk;
-               out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
-       } else {
-               u8 *compressed_chunk = alloca(chunk_size);
-               int ret;
+/* Retrieve the full uncompressed data of the specified stream.  A buffer large
+ * enough hold the data is allocated and returned in @buf_ret.  */
+int
+read_full_stream_into_alloc_buf(const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                               void **buf_ret)
+{
+       int ret;
+       void *buf;
 
-               ret = compress_chunk(chunk, chunk_size, compressed_chunk,
-                                    &out_chunk_size, out_ctype);
-               if (ret == 0) {
-                       out_chunk = compressed_chunk;
-               } else {
-                       out_chunk = chunk;
-                       out_chunk_size = chunk_size;
-               }
-               *chunk_tab->cur_offset_p++ = chunk_tab->cur_offset;
-               chunk_tab->cur_offset += out_chunk_size;
+       if ((size_t)lte->size != lte->size) {
+               ERROR("Can't read %"PRIu64" byte stream into "
+                     "memory", lte->size);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
 
-       if (fwrite(out_chunk, 1, out_chunk_size, out_fp) != out_chunk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write WIM resource chunk");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       buf = MALLOC(lte->size);
+       if (buf == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       ret = read_full_stream_into_buf(lte, buf);
+       if (ret) {
+               FREE(buf);
+               return ret;
        }
+
+       *buf_ret = buf;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Finishes a WIM chunk tale and writes it to the output file at the correct
- * offset.
- *
- * The final size of the full compressed resource is returned in the
- * @compressed_size_p.
- */
+/* Retrieve the full uncompressed data of the specified WIM resource.  A buffer
+ * large enough hold the data is allocated and returned in @buf_ret.  */
 static int
-finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(struct chunk_table *chunk_tab,
-                             FILE *out_fp, u64 *compressed_size_p)
+wim_resource_spec_to_data(struct wim_resource_spec *rspec, void **buf_ret)
 {
-       size_t bytes_written;
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, chunk_tab->file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" of output "
-                                "WIM file", chunk_tab->file_offset);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       if (chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry == 8) {
-               array_cpu_to_le64(chunk_tab->offsets, chunk_tab->num_chunks);
-       } else {
-               for (u64 i = 0; i < chunk_tab->num_chunks; i++)
-                       ((u32*)chunk_tab->offsets)[i] =
-                               cpu_to_le32(chunk_tab->offsets[i]);
-       }
-       bytes_written = fwrite((u8*)chunk_tab->offsets +
-                                       chunk_tab->bytes_per_chunk_entry,
-                              1, chunk_tab->table_disk_size, out_fp);
-       if (bytes_written != chunk_tab->table_disk_size) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to write chunk table in compressed "
-                                "file resource");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       if (fseeko(out_fp, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to end of output WIM file");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       *compressed_size_p = chunk_tab->cur_offset + chunk_tab->table_disk_size;
-       return 0;
+       lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (lte == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+
+       ret = read_full_stream_into_alloc_buf(lte, buf_ret);
+
+       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(lte);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes a WIM resource to a FILE * opened for writing.  The resource may be
- * written uncompressed or compressed depending on the @out_ctype parameter.
- *
- * If by chance the resource compresses to more than the original size (this may
- * happen with random data or files than are pre-compressed), the resource is
- * instead written uncompressed (and this is reflected in the @out_res_entry by
- * removing the WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED flag).
- *
- * @lte:       The lookup table entry for the WIM resource.
- * @out_fp:    The FILE * to write the resource to.
- * @out_ctype:  The compression type of the resource to write.  Note: if this is
- *                     the same as the compression type of the WIM resource we
- *                     need to read, we simply copy the data (i.e. we do not
- *                     uncompress it, then compress it again).
- * @out_res_entry:  If non-NULL, a resource entry that is filled in with the
- *                 offset, original size, compressed size, and compression flag
- *                 of the output resource.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
-static int write_wim_resource(struct lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                             FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
-                             struct resource_entry *out_res_entry)
+/* Retrieve the full uncompressed data of a WIM resource specified as a raw
+ * `wim_reshdr' and the corresponding WIM file.  A large enough hold the data is
+ * allocated and returned in @buf_ret.  */
+int
+wim_reshdr_to_data(const struct wim_reshdr *reshdr, WIMStruct *wim, void **buf_ret)
 {
-       u64 bytes_remaining;
-       u64 original_size;
-       u64 old_compressed_size;
-       u64 new_compressed_size;
-       u64 offset;
+       DEBUG("offset_in_wim=%"PRIu64", size_in_wim=%"PRIu64", "
+             "uncompressed_size=%"PRIu64,
+             reshdr->offset_in_wim, reshdr->size_in_wim,
+             reshdr->uncompressed_size);
+
+       struct wim_resource_spec rspec;
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(reshdr, wim, &rspec);
+       return wim_resource_spec_to_data(&rspec, buf_ret);
+}
+
+int
+wim_reshdr_to_hash(const struct wim_reshdr *reshdr, WIMStruct *wim,
+                  u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
+{
+       struct wim_resource_spec rspec;
        int ret;
-       struct chunk_table *chunk_tab = NULL;
-       bool raw;
-       off_t file_offset;
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
-#endif
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-       wimlib_assert(lte);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(reshdr, wim, &rspec);
 
-       /* Original size of the resource */
-       original_size = wim_resource_size(lte);
+       lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (lte == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       /* Compressed size of the resource (as it exists now) */
-       old_compressed_size = wim_resource_compressed_size(lte);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, &rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec.flags;
+       lte->size = rspec.uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+       lte->unhashed = 1;
 
-       /* Current offset in output file */
-       file_offset = ftello(out_fp);
-       if (file_offset == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to get offset in output "
-                                "stream");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
+       ret = sha1_stream(lte);
 
-       /* Are the compression types the same?  If so, do a raw copy (copy
-        * without decompressing and recompressing the data). */
-       raw = (wim_resource_compression_type(lte) == out_ctype
-              && out_ctype != WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE);
-       if (raw)
-               bytes_remaining = old_compressed_size;
-       else
-               bytes_remaining = original_size;
+       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(lte);
+       copy_hash(hash, lte->hash);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       /* Empty resource; nothing needs to be done, so just return success. */
-       if (bytes_remaining == 0)
-               return 0;
+struct streamifier_context {
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_stream;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *next_stream;
+       u64 cur_stream_offset;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *final_stream;
+       size_t list_head_offset;
+};
 
-       /* Buffer for reading chunks for the resource */
-       u8 buf[min(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE, bytes_remaining)];
+static struct wim_lookup_table_entry *
+next_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, size_t list_head_offset)
+{
+       struct list_head *cur;
 
-       /* If we are writing a compressed resource and not doing a raw copy, we
-        * need to initialize the chunk table */
-       if (out_ctype != WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE && !raw) {
-               ret = begin_wim_resource_chunk_tab(lte, out_fp, file_offset,
-                                                  &chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out;
-       }
+       cur = (struct list_head*)((u8*)lte + list_head_offset);
 
-       /* If the WIM resource is in an external file, open a FILE * to it so we
-        * don't have to open a temporary one in read_wim_resource() for each
-        * chunk. */
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK
-            && !lte->file_on_disk_fp)
-       {
-               wimlib_assert(lte->file_on_disk);
-               lte->file_on_disk_fp = fopen(lte->file_on_disk, "rb");
-               if (!lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file `%s' for "
-                                        "reading", lte->file_on_disk);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-       }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME
-                 && !lte->attr)
-       {
-               struct ntfs_location *loc = lte->ntfs_loc;
-               wimlib_assert(loc);
-               ni = ntfs_pathname_to_inode(*loc->ntfs_vol_p, NULL, loc->path_utf8);
-               if (!ni) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open inode `%s' in NTFS "
-                                        "volume", loc->path_utf8);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               lte->attr = ntfs_attr_open(ni,
-                                          loc->is_reparse_point ? AT_REPARSE_POINT : AT_DATA,
-                                          (ntfschar*)loc->stream_name_utf16,
-                                          loc->stream_name_utf16_num_chars);
-               if (!lte->attr) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open attribute of `%s' in "
-                                        "NTFS volume", loc->path_utf8);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
+       return (struct wim_lookup_table_entry*)((u8*)cur->next - list_head_offset);
+}
+
+/* A consume_data_callback_t implementation that translates raw resource data
+ * into streams, calling the begin_stream, consume_chunk, and end_stream
+ * callback functions as appropriate.  */
+static int
+streamifier_cb(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct streamifier_context *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       DEBUG("%zu bytes passed to streamifier", size);
+
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->cur_stream != NULL);
+       wimlib_assert(size <= ctx->cur_stream->size - ctx->cur_stream_offset);
+
+       if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == 0) {
+               /* Starting a new stream.  */
+               DEBUG("Begin new stream (size=%"PRIu64").",
+                     ctx->cur_stream->size);
+               ret = (*ctx->cbs.begin_stream)(ctx->cur_stream, true,
+                                              ctx->cbs.begin_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
-#endif
 
-       /* If we aren't doing a raw copy, we will compute the SHA1 message
-        * digest of the resource as we read it, and verify it's the same as the
-        * hash given in the lookup table entry once we've finished reading the
-        * resource. */
-       SHA_CTX ctx;
-       if (!raw)
-               sha1_init(&ctx);
-
-       /* While there are still bytes remaining in the WIM resource, read a
-        * chunk of the resource, update SHA1, then write that chunk using the
-        * desired compression type. */
-       offset = 0;
-       do {
-               u64 to_read = min(bytes_remaining, WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               ret = read_wim_resource(lte, buf, to_read, offset, raw);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               if (!raw)
-                       sha1_update(&ctx, buf, to_read);
-               ret = write_wim_resource_chunk(buf, to_read, out_fp,
-                                              out_ctype, chunk_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               bytes_remaining -= to_read;
-               offset += to_read;
-       } while (bytes_remaining);
-
-       /* Raw copy:  The new compressed size is the same as the old compressed
-        * size
-        *
-        * Using WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE:  The new compressed size is the
-        * original size
-        *
-        * Using a different compression type:  Call
-        * finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab() and it will provide the new
-        * compressed size.
-        */
-       if (raw) {
-               new_compressed_size = old_compressed_size;
-       } else {
-               if (out_ctype == WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                       new_compressed_size = original_size;
-               else {
-                       ret = finish_wim_resource_chunk_tab(chunk_tab, out_fp,
-                                                           &new_compressed_size);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               goto out_fclose;
+       /* Consume the chunk.  */
+       ret = (*ctx->cbs.consume_chunk)(chunk, size,
+                                       ctx->cbs.consume_chunk_ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       ctx->cur_stream_offset += size;
+
+       if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == ctx->cur_stream->size) {
+               /* Finished reading all the data for a stream.  */
+
+               ctx->cur_stream_offset = 0;
+
+               DEBUG("End stream (size=%"PRIu64").", ctx->cur_stream->size);
+               ret = (*ctx->cbs.end_stream)(ctx->cur_stream, 0,
+                                            ctx->cbs.end_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               /* Advance to next stream.  */
+               ctx->cur_stream = ctx->next_stream;
+               if (ctx->cur_stream != NULL) {
+                       if (ctx->cur_stream != ctx->final_stream)
+                               ctx->next_stream = next_stream(ctx->cur_stream,
+                                                              ctx->list_head_offset);
+                       else
+                               ctx->next_stream = NULL;
                }
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Verify SHA1 message digest of the resource, unless we are doing a raw
-        * write (in which case we never even saw the uncompressed data).  Or,
-        * if the hash we had before is all 0's, just re-set it to be the new
-        * hash. */
-       if (!raw) {
-               u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-               sha1_final(md, &ctx);
-               if (is_zero_hash(lte->hash)) {
-                       copy_hash(lte->hash, md);
-               } else if (!hashes_equal(md, lte->hash)) {
-                       ERROR("WIM resource has incorrect hash!");
-                       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK) {
-                               ERROR("We were reading it from `%s'; maybe it changed "
-                                     "while we were reading it.",
-                                     lte->file_on_disk);
-                       }
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
+struct hasher_context {
+       SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
+       int flags;
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs;
+};
+
+/* Callback for starting to read a stream while calculating its SHA1 message
+ * digest.  */
+static int
+hasher_begin_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, bool is_partial_res,
+                   void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct hasher_context *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       sha1_init(&ctx->sha_ctx);
+
+       if (ctx->cbs.begin_stream == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return (*ctx->cbs.begin_stream)(lte, is_partial_res,
+                                               ctx->cbs.begin_stream_ctx);
+}
+
+/* A consume_data_callback_t implementation that continues calculating the SHA1
+ * message digest of the stream being read, then optionally passes the data on
+ * to another consume_data_callback_t implementation.  This allows checking the
+ * SHA1 message digest of a stream being extracted, for example.  */
+static int
+hasher_consume_chunk(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct hasher_context *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       sha1_update(&ctx->sha_ctx, chunk, size);
+       if (ctx->cbs.consume_chunk == NULL)
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return (*ctx->cbs.consume_chunk)(chunk, size, ctx->cbs.consume_chunk_ctx);
+}
+
+static void
+get_sha1_string(const u8 md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE], tchar *str)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < SHA1_HASH_SIZE; i++)
+               str += tsprintf(str, T("%02x"), md[i]);
+}
+
+/* Callback for finishing reading a stream while calculating its SHA1 message
+ * digest.  */
+static int
+hasher_end_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, int status, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct hasher_context *ctx = _ctx;
+       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       int ret;
+
+       if (status) {
+               /* Error occurred; the full stream may not have been read.  */
+               ret = status;
+               goto out_next_cb;
        }
 
-       if (!raw && new_compressed_size >= original_size &&
-           out_ctype != WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-       {
-               /* Oops!  We compressed the resource to larger than the original
-                * size.  Write the resource uncompressed instead. */
-               if (fseeko(out_fp, file_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to seek to byte %"PRIu64" "
-                                        "of output WIM file", file_offset);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
-               ret = write_wim_resource(lte, out_fp, WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE,
-                                        out_res_entry);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               if (fflush(out_fp) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to flush output WIM file");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                       goto out_fclose;
-               }
-               if (ftruncate(fileno(out_fp), file_offset + out_res_entry->size) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to truncate output WIM file");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                       goto out_fclose;
+       /* Retrieve the final SHA1 message digest.  */
+       sha1_final(hash, &ctx->sha_ctx);
+
+       if (lte->unhashed) {
+               if (ctx->flags & COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES) {
+                       /* No SHA1 message digest was previously present for the
+                        * stream.  Set it to the one just calculated.  */
+                       DEBUG("Set SHA1 message digest for stream "
+                             "(size=%"PRIu64").", lte->size);
+                       copy_hash(lte->hash, hash);
                }
        } else {
-               if (out_res_entry) {
-                       out_res_entry->size          = new_compressed_size;
-                       out_res_entry->original_size = original_size;
-                       out_res_entry->offset        = file_offset;
-                       out_res_entry->flags         = lte->resource_entry.flags
-                                                       & ~WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
-                       if (out_ctype != WIM_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE)
-                               out_res_entry->flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+               if (ctx->flags & VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES) {
+                       /* The stream already had a SHA1 message digest present.  Verify
+                        * that it is the same as the calculated value.  */
+                       if (!hashes_equal(hash, lte->hash)) {
+                               if (wimlib_print_errors) {
+                                       tchar expected_hashstr[SHA1_HASH_SIZE * 2 + 1];
+                                       tchar actual_hashstr[SHA1_HASH_SIZE * 2 + 1];
+                                       get_sha1_string(lte->hash, expected_hashstr);
+                                       get_sha1_string(hash, actual_hashstr);
+                                       ERROR("The stream is corrupted!\n"
+                                             "        (Expected SHA1=%"TS",\n"
+                                             "              got SHA1=%"TS")",
+                                             expected_hashstr, actual_hashstr);
+                               }
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
+                               errno = EINVAL;
+                               goto out_next_cb;
+                       }
+                       DEBUG("SHA1 message digest okay for "
+                             "stream (size=%"PRIu64").", lte->size);
                }
        }
        ret = 0;
-out_fclose:
-       if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK
-           && lte->file_on_disk_fp) {
-               fclose(lte->file_on_disk_fp);
-               lte->file_on_disk_fp = NULL;
-       }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       else if (lte->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_NTFS_VOLUME) {
-               if (lte->attr) {
-                       ntfs_attr_close(lte->attr);
-                       lte->attr = NULL;
-               }
-               if (ni)
-                       ntfs_inode_close(ni);
-       }
-#endif
-out:
-       FREE(chunk_tab);
-       return ret;
+out_next_cb:
+       if (ctx->cbs.end_stream == NULL)
+               return ret;
+       else
+               return (*ctx->cbs.end_stream)(lte, ret, ctx->cbs.end_stream_ctx);
 }
 
-/* Like write_wim_resource(), but the resource is specified by a buffer of
- * uncompressed data rather a lookup table entry; also writes the SHA1 hash of
- * the buffer to @hash.  */
-static int write_wim_resource_from_buffer(const u8 *buf, u64 buf_size,
-                                         FILE *out_fp, int out_ctype,
-                                         struct resource_entry *out_res_entry,
-                                         u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
+static int
+read_full_stream_with_cbs(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                         const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
 {
-       /* Set up a temporary lookup table entry to provide to
-        * write_wim_resource(). */
-       struct lookup_table_entry lte;
        int ret;
-       lte.resource_entry.flags         = 0;
-       lte.resource_entry.original_size = buf_size;
-       lte.resource_entry.size          = buf_size;
-       lte.resource_entry.offset        = 0;
-       lte.resource_location            = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
-       lte.attached_buffer              = (u8*)buf;
-
-       zero_out_hash(lte.hash);
-       ret = write_wim_resource(&lte, out_fp, out_ctype, out_res_entry);
-       if (ret != 0)
+
+       ret = (*cbs->begin_stream)(lte, false, cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
-       copy_hash(hash, lte.hash);
-       return 0;
-}
 
-/*
- * Extracts the first @size bytes of the WIM resource specified by @lte to the
- * open file descriptor @fd.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
-int extract_wim_resource_to_fd(const struct lookup_table_entry *lte, int fd,
-                              u64 size)
-{
-       u64 bytes_remaining = size;
-       u8 buf[min(WIM_CHUNK_SIZE, bytes_remaining)];
-       u64 offset = 0;
-       int ret = 0;
-       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       ret = read_stream_prefix(lte, lte->size, cbs->consume_chunk,
+                                cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
 
-       SHA_CTX ctx;
-       sha1_init(&ctx);
-
-       while (bytes_remaining) {
-               u64 to_read = min(bytes_remaining, WIM_CHUNK_SIZE);
-               ret = read_wim_resource(lte, buf, to_read, offset, false);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       break;
-               sha1_update(&ctx, buf, to_read);
-               if (full_write(fd, buf, to_read) < to_read) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error extracting WIM resource");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               }
-               bytes_remaining -= to_read;
-               offset += to_read;
-       }
-       sha1_final(hash, &ctx);
-       if (!hashes_equal(hash, lte->hash)) {
-               ERROR("Invalid checksum on a WIM resource "
-                     "(detected when extracting to external file)");
-               ERROR("The following WIM resource is invalid:");
-               print_lookup_table_entry(lte);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH;
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return (*cbs->end_stream)(lte, ret, cbs->end_stream_ctx);
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts the WIM resource specified by @lte to the open file descriptor @fd.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
-int extract_full_wim_resource_to_fd(const struct lookup_table_entry *lte, int fd)
+/* Read the full data of the specified stream, passing the data into the
+ * specified callbacks (all of which are optional) and either checking or
+ * computing the SHA1 message digest of the stream.  */
+static int
+read_full_stream_with_sha1(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                          const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
 {
-       return extract_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, fd, wim_resource_size(lte));
+       struct hasher_context hasher_ctx = {
+               .flags = VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES | COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES,
+               .cbs = *cbs,
+       };
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks hasher_cbs = {
+               .begin_stream           = hasher_begin_stream,
+               .begin_stream_ctx       = &hasher_ctx,
+               .consume_chunk          = hasher_consume_chunk,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx      = &hasher_ctx,
+               .end_stream             = hasher_end_stream,
+               .end_stream_ctx         = &hasher_ctx,
+
+       };
+       return read_full_stream_with_cbs(lte, &hasher_cbs);
 }
 
-/*
- * Copies the file resource specified by the lookup table entry @lte from the
- * input WIM to the output WIM that has its FILE * given by
- * ((WIMStruct*)wim)->out_fp.
- *
- * The output_resource_entry, out_refcnt, and part_number fields of @lte are
- * updated.
- *
- * Metadata resources are not copied (they are handled elsewhere for joining and
- * splitting).
- */
-int copy_resource(struct lookup_table_entry *lte, void *wim)
+static int
+read_packed_streams(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *first_stream,
+                   struct wim_lookup_table_entry *last_stream,
+                   u64 stream_count,
+                   size_t list_head_offset,
+                   const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *sink_cbs)
 {
-       WIMStruct *w = wim;
+       struct data_range *ranges;
+       bool ranges_malloced;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *cur_stream;
+       size_t i;
        int ret;
+       u64 ranges_alloc_size;
 
-       if ((lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA) &&
-           !w->write_metadata)
-               return 0;
+       DEBUG("Reading %"PRIu64" streams combined in same WIM resource",
+             stream_count);
 
-       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, w->out_fp,
-                                wim_resource_compression_type(lte),
-                                &lte->output_resource_entry);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
-       lte->out_refcnt = lte->refcnt;
-       lte->part_number = w->hdr.part_number;
-       return 0;
-}
+       /* Setup data ranges array (one range per stream to read); this way
+        * read_compressed_wim_resource() does not need to be aware of streams.
+        */
 
-/*
- * Writes a dentry's resources, including the main file resource as well as all
- * alternate data streams, to the output file.
- *
- * @dentry:  The dentry for the file.
- * @wim_p:   A pointer to the WIMStruct containing @dentry.
- *
- * @return zero on success, nonzero on failure.
- */
-int write_dentry_resources(struct dentry *dentry, void *wim_p)
-{
-       WIMStruct *w = wim_p;
-       int ret = 0;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       int ctype = wimlib_get_compression_type(w);
-
-       if (w->write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_VERBOSE) {
-               wimlib_assert(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-               printf("Writing streams for `%s'\n", dentry->full_path_utf8);
+       ranges_alloc_size = stream_count * sizeof(ranges[0]);
+
+       if (unlikely((size_t)ranges_alloc_size != ranges_alloc_size)) {
+               ERROR("Too many streams in one resource!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+       if (likely(ranges_alloc_size <= STACK_MAX)) {
+               ranges = alloca(ranges_alloc_size);
+               ranges_malloced = false;
+       } else {
+               ranges = MALLOC(ranges_alloc_size);
+               if (ranges == NULL) {
+                       ERROR("Too many streams in one resource!");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+               ranges_malloced = true;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, cur_stream = first_stream;
+            i < stream_count;
+            i++, cur_stream = next_stream(cur_stream, list_head_offset))
+       {
+               ranges[i].offset = cur_stream->offset_in_res;
+               ranges[i].size = cur_stream->size;
        }
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= dentry->d_inode->num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte(dentry->d_inode, i, w->lookup_table);
-               if (lte && ++lte->out_refcnt == 1) {
-                       ret = write_wim_resource(lte, w->out_fp, ctype,
-                                                &lte->output_resource_entry);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               break;
+       struct streamifier_context streamifier_ctx = {
+               .cbs                    = *sink_cbs,
+               .cur_stream             = first_stream,
+               .next_stream            = next_stream(first_stream, list_head_offset),
+               .cur_stream_offset      = 0,
+               .final_stream           = last_stream,
+               .list_head_offset       = list_head_offset,
+       };
+
+       ret = read_compressed_wim_resource(first_stream->rspec,
+                                          ranges,
+                                          stream_count,
+                                          streamifier_cb,
+                                          &streamifier_ctx);
+
+       if (ranges_malloced)
+               FREE(ranges);
+
+       if (ret) {
+               if (streamifier_ctx.cur_stream_offset != 0) {
+                       ret = (*streamifier_ctx.cbs.end_stream)
+                               (streamifier_ctx.cur_stream,
+                                ret,
+                                streamifier_ctx.cbs.end_stream_ctx);
                }
        }
        return ret;
 }
 
 /*
- * Reads the metadata metadata resource from the WIM file.  The metadata
- * resource consists of the security data, followed by the directory entry for
- * the root directory, followed by all the other directory entries in the
- * filesystem.  The subdir_offset field of each directory entry gives the start
- * of its child entries from the beginning of the metadata resource.  An
- * end-of-directory is signaled by a directory entry of length '0', really of
- * length 8, because that's how long the 'length' field is.
+ * Read a list of streams, each of which may be in any supported location (e.g.
+ * in a WIM or in an external file).  Unlike read_stream_prefix() or the
+ * functions which call it, this function optimizes the case where multiple
+ * streams are packed into a single compressed WIM resource and reads them all
+ * consecutively, only decompressing the data one time.
+ *
+ * @stream_list
+ *     List of streams (represented as `struct wim_lookup_table_entry's) to
+ *     read.
+ * @list_head_offset
+ *     Offset of the `struct list_head' within each `struct
+ *     wim_lookup_table_entry' that makes up the @stream_list.
+ * @cbs
+ *     Callback functions to accept the stream data.
+ * @flags
+ *     Bitwise OR of zero or more of the following flags:
+ *
+ *     VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES:
+ *             For all streams being read that have already had SHA1 message
+ *             digests computed, calculate the SHA1 message digest of the read
+ *             data and compare it with the previously computed value.  If they
+ *             do not match, return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_HASH.
+ *
+ *     COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES
+ *             For all streams being read that have not yet had their SHA1
+ *             message digests computed, calculate and save their SHA1 message
+ *             digests.
+ *
+ *     STREAM_LIST_ALREADY_SORTED
+ *             @stream_list is already sorted in sequential order for reading.
  *
- * @fp:                The FILE* for the input WIM file.
- * @wim_ctype: The compression type of the WIM file.
- * @imd:       Pointer to the image metadata structure.  Its `metadata_lte'
- *             member specifies the lookup table entry for the metadata
- *             resource.  The rest of the image metadata entry will be filled
- *             in by this function.
+ * The callback functions are allowed to delete the current stream from the list
+ * if necessary.
  *
- * @return:    Zero on success, nonzero on failure.
+ * Returns 0 on success; a nonzero error code on failure.  Failure can occur due
+ * to an error reading the data or due to an error status being returned by any
+ * of the callback functions.
  */
-int read_metadata_resource(WIMStruct *w, struct image_metadata *imd)
+int
+read_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
+                size_t list_head_offset,
+                const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs,
+                int flags)
 {
-       u8 *buf;
-       u32 dentry_offset;
        int ret;
-       struct dentry *dentry;
-       struct inode_table inode_tab;
-       const struct lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
-       u64 metadata_len;
-       u64 metadata_offset;
-       struct hlist_head inode_list;
-
-       metadata_lte = imd->metadata_lte;
-       metadata_len = wim_resource_size(metadata_lte);
-       metadata_offset = metadata_lte->resource_entry.offset;
-
-       DEBUG("Reading metadata resource: length = %"PRIu64", "
-             "offset = %"PRIu64"", metadata_len, metadata_offset);
-
-       /* There is no way the metadata resource could possibly be less than (8
-        * + WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE) bytes, where the 8 is for security data (with
-        * no security descriptors) and WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE is for the root
-        * dentry. */
-       if (metadata_len < 8 + WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE) {
-               ERROR("Expected at least %u bytes for the metadata resource",
-                     8 + WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_SIZE;
+       struct list_head *cur, *next;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct hasher_context *hasher_ctx;
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks *sink_cbs;
+
+       if (!(flags & STREAM_LIST_ALREADY_SORTED)) {
+               ret = sort_stream_list_by_sequential_order(stream_list, list_head_offset);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       if (sizeof(size_t) < 8 && metadata_len > 0xffffffff) {
-               ERROR("Metadata resource is too large (%"PRIu64" bytes",
-                     metadata_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_SIZE;
+       if (flags & (VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES | COMPUTE_MISSING_STREAM_HASHES)) {
+               hasher_ctx = alloca(sizeof(*hasher_ctx));
+               *hasher_ctx = (struct hasher_context) {
+                       .flags  = flags,
+                       .cbs    = *cbs,
+               };
+               sink_cbs = alloca(sizeof(*sink_cbs));
+               *sink_cbs = (struct read_stream_list_callbacks) {
+                       .begin_stream           = hasher_begin_stream,
+                       .begin_stream_ctx       = hasher_ctx,
+                       .consume_chunk          = hasher_consume_chunk,
+                       .consume_chunk_ctx      = hasher_ctx,
+                       .end_stream             = hasher_end_stream,
+                       .end_stream_ctx         = hasher_ctx,
+               };
+       } else {
+               sink_cbs = (struct read_stream_list_callbacks*)cbs;
        }
 
-       /* Allocate memory for the uncompressed metadata resource. */
-       buf = MALLOC(metadata_len);
+       for (cur = stream_list->next, next = cur->next;
+            cur != stream_list;
+            cur = next, next = cur->next)
+       {
+               lte = (struct wim_lookup_table_entry*)((u8*)cur - list_head_offset);
 
-       if (!buf) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for uncompressed "
-                     "metadata resource", metadata_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
+               if (lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_PACKED_STREAMS &&
+                   lte->size != lte->rspec->uncompressed_size)
+               {
 
-       /* Read the metadata resource into memory.  (It may be compressed.) */
-       ret = read_full_wim_resource(metadata_lte, buf);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_buf;
-
-       DEBUG("Finished reading metadata resource into memory.");
-
-       /* The root directory entry starts after security data, aligned on an
-        * 8-byte boundary within the metadata resource.
-        *
-        * The security data starts with a 4-byte integer giving its total
-        * length, so if we round that up to an 8-byte boundary that gives us
-        * the offset of the root dentry.
-        *
-        * Here we read the security data into a wim_security_data structure,
-        * and if successful, go ahead and calculate the offset in the metadata
-        * resource of the root dentry. */
-
-       wimlib_assert(imd->security_data == NULL);
-       ret = read_security_data(buf, metadata_len, &imd->security_data);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_buf;
-
-       dentry_offset = (imd->security_data->total_length + 7) & ~7;
-
-       if (dentry_offset == 0) {
-               ERROR("Integer overflow while reading metadata resource");
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_SECURITY_DATA;
-               goto out_free_security_data;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_next, *lte_last;
+                       struct list_head *next2;
+                       u64 stream_count;
+
+                       /* The next stream is a proper sub-sequence of a WIM
+                        * resource.  See if there are other streams in the same
+                        * resource that need to be read.  Since
+                        * sort_stream_list_by_sequential_order() sorted the
+                        * streams by offset in the WIM, this can be determined
+                        * by simply scanning forward in the list.  */
+
+                       lte_last = lte;
+                       stream_count = 1;
+                       for (next2 = next;
+                            next2 != stream_list
+                            && (lte_next = (struct wim_lookup_table_entry*)
+                                               ((u8*)next2 - list_head_offset),
+                                lte_next->resource_location == RESOURCE_IN_WIM
+                                && lte_next->rspec == lte->rspec);
+                            next2 = next2->next)
+                       {
+                               lte_last = lte_next;
+                               stream_count++;
+                       }
+                       if (stream_count > 1) {
+                               /* Reading multiple streams combined into a
+                                * single WIM resource.  They are in the stream
+                                * list, sorted by offset; @lte specifies the
+                                * first stream in the resource that needs to be
+                                * read and @lte_last specifies the last stream
+                                * in the resource that needs to be read.  */
+                               next = next2;
+                               ret = read_packed_streams(lte, lte_last,
+                                                         stream_count,
+                                                         list_head_offset,
+                                                         sink_cbs);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               ret = read_full_stream_with_cbs(lte, sink_cbs);
+               if (ret && ret != BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM)
+                       return ret;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Allocate memory for the root dentry and read it into memory */
-       dentry = MALLOC(sizeof(struct dentry));
-       if (!dentry) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes for root dentry",
-                     sizeof(struct dentry));
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_free_security_data;
+/* Extract the first @size bytes of the specified stream.
+ *
+ * If @size specifies the full uncompressed size of the stream, then the SHA1
+ * message digest of the uncompressed stream is checked while being extracted.
+ *
+ * The uncompressed data of the resource is passed in chunks of unspecified size
+ * to the @extract_chunk function, passing it @extract_chunk_arg.  */
+int
+extract_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, u64 size,
+              consume_data_callback_t extract_chunk, void *extract_chunk_arg)
+{
+       wimlib_assert(size <= lte->size);
+       if (size == lte->size) {
+               /* Do SHA1.  */
+               struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+                       .consume_chunk          = extract_chunk,
+                       .consume_chunk_ctx      = extract_chunk_arg,
+               };
+               return read_full_stream_with_sha1(lte, &cbs);
+       } else {
+               /* Don't do SHA1.  */
+               return read_stream_prefix(lte, size, extract_chunk,
+                                         extract_chunk_arg);
        }
+}
 
-       ret = read_dentry(buf, metadata_len, dentry_offset, dentry);
-
-       /* This is the root dentry, so set its pointers correctly. */
-       dentry->parent = dentry;
-       dentry->next   = dentry;
-       dentry->prev   = dentry;
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-       inode_add_dentry(dentry, dentry->d_inode);
-
-       /* Now read the entire directory entry tree into memory. */
-       DEBUG("Reading dentry tree");
-       ret = read_dentry_tree(buf, metadata_len, dentry);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-
-       /* Calculate the full paths in the dentry tree. */
-       DEBUG("Calculating dentry full paths");
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, calculate_dentry_full_path, NULL);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-
-       /* Build hash table that maps hard link group IDs to dentry sets */
-       DEBUG("Building link group table");
-       ret = init_inode_table(&inode_tab, 9001);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-
-       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, inode_table_insert, &inode_tab);
-
-       DEBUG("Fixing inconsistencies in the hard link groups");
-       ret = fix_inodes(&inode_tab, &inode_list);
-       destroy_inode_table(&inode_tab);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-
-       DEBUG("Running miscellaneous verifications on the dentry tree");
-       for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table, lte_zero_real_refcnt, NULL);
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, verify_dentry, w);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out_free_dentry_tree;
-
-       DEBUG("Done reading image metadata");
-
-       imd->root_dentry = dentry;
-       imd->inode_list  = inode_list;
-       goto out_free_buf;
-out_free_dentry_tree:
-       free_dentry_tree(dentry, NULL);
-out_free_security_data:
-       free_security_data(imd->security_data);
-       imd->security_data = NULL;
-out_free_buf:
-       FREE(buf);
-       return ret;
+/* A consume_data_callback_t implementation that writes the chunk of data to a
+ * file descriptor.  */
+int
+extract_chunk_to_fd(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_fd_p)
+{
+       struct filedes *fd = _fd_p;
+
+       int ret = full_write(fd, chunk, size);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to file descriptor");
+               return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Write the metadata resource for the current WIM image. */
-int write_metadata_resource(WIMStruct *w)
+/* Extract the first @size bytes of the specified stream to the specified file
+ * descriptor.  */
+int
+extract_stream_to_fd(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                    struct filedes *fd, u64 size)
 {
-       u8 *buf;
-       u8 *p;
-       int ret;
-       u64 subdir_offset;
-       struct dentry *root;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       u64 metadata_original_size;
-       const struct wim_security_data *sd;
-
-       DEBUG("Writing metadata resource for image %d", w->current_image);
-
-       root = wim_root_dentry(w);
-       sd = wim_security_data(w);
-
-       /* We do not allow the security data pointer to be NULL, although it may
-        * point to an empty security data with no entries. */
-       wimlib_assert(root != NULL);
-       wimlib_assert(sd != NULL);
-
-       /* Offset of first child of the root dentry.  It's equal to:
-        * - The total length of the security data, rounded to the next 8-byte
-        *   boundary,
-        * - plus the total length of the root dentry,
-        * - plus 8 bytes for an end-of-directory entry following the root
-        *   dentry (shouldn't really be needed, but just in case...)
-        */
-       subdir_offset = ((sd->total_length + 7) & ~7) +
-                       dentry_correct_total_length(root) + 8;
+       return extract_stream(lte, size, extract_chunk_to_fd, fd);
+}
 
-       /* Calculate the subdirectory offsets for the entire dentry tree. */
-       calculate_subdir_offsets(root, &subdir_offset);
+/* Extract the full uncompressed contents of the specified stream to the
+ * specified file descriptor.  */
+int
+extract_full_stream_to_fd(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                         struct filedes *fd)
+{
+       return extract_stream_to_fd(lte, fd, lte->size);
+}
 
-       /* Total length of the metadata resource (uncompressed) */
-       metadata_original_size = subdir_offset;
+/* Calculate the SHA1 message digest of a stream and store it in @lte->hash.  */
+int
+sha1_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       wimlib_assert(lte->unhashed);
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+       };
+       return read_full_stream_with_sha1(lte, &cbs);
+}
 
-       /* Allocate a buffer to contain the uncompressed metadata resource */
-       buf = MALLOC(metadata_original_size);
-       if (!buf) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for "
-                     "metadata resource", metadata_original_size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+/* Convert a short WIM resource header to a stand-alone WIM resource
+ * specification.
+ *
+ * Note: for packed resources some fields still need to be overridden.
+ */
+void
+wim_res_hdr_to_spec(const struct wim_reshdr *reshdr, WIMStruct *wim,
+                   struct wim_resource_spec *rspec)
+{
+       rspec->wim = wim;
+       rspec->offset_in_wim = reshdr->offset_in_wim;
+       rspec->size_in_wim = reshdr->size_in_wim;
+       rspec->uncompressed_size = reshdr->uncompressed_size;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rspec->stream_list);
+       rspec->flags = reshdr->flags;
+       rspec->is_pipable = wim_is_pipable(wim);
+       if (rspec->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
+               rspec->compression_type = wim->compression_type;
+               rspec->chunk_size = wim->chunk_size;
+       } else {
+               rspec->compression_type = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
+               rspec->chunk_size = 0;
        }
+}
 
-       /* Write the security data into the resource buffer */
-       p = write_security_data(sd, buf);
-
-       /* Write the dentry tree into the resource buffer */
-       p = write_dentry_tree(root, p);
-
-       /* We MUST have exactly filled the buffer; otherwise we calculated its
-        * size incorrectly or wrote the data incorrectly. */
-       wimlib_assert(p - buf == metadata_original_size);
-
-       /* Get the lookup table entry for the metadata resource so we can update
-        * it. */
-       lte = wim_metadata_lookup_table_entry(w);
-
-       wimlib_assert(lte != NULL);
-
-       /* Write the metadata resource to the output WIM using the proper
-        * compression type.  The lookup table entry for the metadata resource
-        * is updated. */
-       ret = write_wim_resource_from_buffer(buf, metadata_original_size,
-                                            w->out_fp,
-                                            wimlib_get_compression_type(w),
-                                            &lte->output_resource_entry,
-                                            lte->hash);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       /* It's very likely the SHA1 message digest of the metadata resource
-        * changed, so re-insert the lookup table entry into the lookup table.
-        *
-        * We do not check for other lookup table entries having the same SHA1
-        * message digest.  It's possible for 2 absolutely identical images to
-        * be added, therefore causing 2 identical metadata resources to be in
-        * the WIM.  However, in this case, it's expected for 2 separate lookup
-        * table entries to be created, even though this doesn't make a whole
-        * lot of sense since they will share the same SHA1 message digest.
-        * */
-       lookup_table_unlink(w->lookup_table, lte);
-       lookup_table_insert(w->lookup_table, lte);
-
-       wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt == 0);
-       lte->out_refcnt = 1;
-
-       /* Make sure that the resource entry is written marked with the metadata
-        * flag. */
-       lte->output_resource_entry.flags |= WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA;
-out:
-       /* All the data has been written to the new WIM; no need for the buffer
-        * anymore */
-       FREE(buf);
-       return ret;
+/* Convert a stand-alone resource specification to a WIM resource header.  */
+void
+wim_res_spec_to_hdr(const struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                   struct wim_reshdr *reshdr)
+{
+       reshdr->offset_in_wim     = rspec->offset_in_wim;
+       reshdr->size_in_wim       = rspec->size_in_wim;
+       reshdr->flags             = rspec->flags;
+       reshdr->uncompressed_size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+}
+
+/* Translates a WIM resource header from the on-disk format into an in-memory
+ * format.  */
+void
+get_wim_reshdr(const struct wim_reshdr_disk *disk_reshdr,
+              struct wim_reshdr *reshdr)
+{
+       reshdr->offset_in_wim = le64_to_cpu(disk_reshdr->offset_in_wim);
+       reshdr->size_in_wim = (((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[0] <<  0) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[1] <<  8) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[2] << 16) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[3] << 24) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[4] << 32) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[5] << 40) |
+                              ((u64)disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[6] << 48));
+       reshdr->uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(disk_reshdr->uncompressed_size);
+       reshdr->flags = disk_reshdr->flags;
+}
+
+/* Translates a WIM resource header from an in-memory format into the on-disk
+ * format.  */
+void
+put_wim_reshdr(const struct wim_reshdr *reshdr,
+              struct wim_reshdr_disk *disk_reshdr)
+{
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[0] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >>  0;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[1] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >>  8;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[2] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >> 16;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[3] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >> 24;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[4] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >> 32;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[5] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >> 40;
+       disk_reshdr->size_in_wim[6] = reshdr->size_in_wim  >> 48;
+       disk_reshdr->flags = reshdr->flags;
+       disk_reshdr->offset_in_wim = cpu_to_le64(reshdr->offset_in_wim);
+       disk_reshdr->uncompressed_size = cpu_to_le64(reshdr->uncompressed_size);
 }