]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/extract.c
extract.c: check for empty extraction list
[wimlib] / src / extract.c
index c6711ec902dd36f43df80b972531bfa14fc22da1..c61dac764dfc612e36872c099100ca0c643af58f 100644 (file)
@@ -6,30 +6,27 @@
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Eric Biggers
  *
- * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
+ * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
  *
- * wimlib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
- * terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- * Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
- * any later version.
- *
- * wimlib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
- * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
+ * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
  * details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this file; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
 /*
  * This file provides the API functions wimlib_extract_image(),
- * wimlib_extract_files(), and wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe().  Internally,
- * all end up calling extract_tree() zero or more times to extract a tree of
- * files from the currently selected WIM image to the specified target directory
- * or NTFS volume.
+ * wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(), wimlib_extract_paths(), and
+ * wimlib_extract_pathlist().  Internally, all end up calling
+ * do_wimlib_extract_paths() and extract_trees().
  *
  * Although wimlib supports multiple extraction modes/backends (NTFS-3g, UNIX,
  * Win32), this file does not itself have code to extract files or directories
 #  include "config.h"
 #endif
 
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
 #include "wimlib/apply.h"
+#include "wimlib/assert.h"
 #include "wimlib/dentry.h"
 #include "wimlib/encoding.h"
 #include "wimlib/endianness.h"
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@
 #include "wimlib/reparse.h"
 #include "wimlib/resource.h"
 #include "wimlib/security.h"
+#include "wimlib/unix_data.h"
 #ifdef __WIN32__
 #  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* for realpath() equivalent */
 #endif
 #include "wimlib/wildcard.h"
 #include "wimlib/wim.h"
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE 0x80000000
-#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x40000000
-#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE    0x20000000
-#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC      0x1fffffff
-
-/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, resolve all streams in the
- * corresponding inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.  */
-static int
-dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       int ret;
-       bool force = false;
-
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
-        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
-        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
-        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
-        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
-               force = true;
-       ret = inode_resolve_ltes(inode, ctx->wim->lookup_table, force);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
-               if (lte)
-                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static inline bool
-is_linked_extraction(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return 0 != (ctx->extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
-                                          WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK));
-}
-
-static inline bool
-can_extract_named_data_streams(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams &&
-               !is_linked_extraction(ctx);
-}
-
-static int
-ref_stream_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                     struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x80000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE   0x40000000
+
+/* Keep in sync with wimlib.h  */
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC                             \
+       (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS                       |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX                      |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS          |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS            |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES              |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT)
+
+/* Send WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_FILE_STRUCTURE or
+ * WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_METADATA.  */
+int
+do_file_extract_progress(struct apply_ctx *ctx, enum wimlib_progress_msg msg)
 {
-       if (!lte)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
-        * links).  */
-       if (!(dentry->d_inode->i_visited &&
-             ctx->supported_features.hard_links) &&
-           (!is_linked_extraction(ctx) || (lte->out_refcnt == 0 &&
-                                           lte->extracted_file == NULL)))
-       {
-               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
-               ctx->progress.extract.num_streams++;
-       }
-
-       /* Add stream to the extraction_list only one time, even if it's going
-        * to be extracted to multiple locations.  */
-       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
-               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
-               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
-       }
-
-       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
-               struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
-
-               /* Append dentry to this stream's array of dentries referencing
-                * it.  Use inline array to avoid memory allocation until the
-                * number of dentries becomes too large.  */
-               if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
-                       lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
-               } else {
-                       struct wim_dentry **prev_lte_dentries;
-                       size_t alloc_lte_dentries;
-
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
-                               prev_lte_dentries = NULL;
-                               alloc_lte_dentries = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries);
-                       } else {
-                               prev_lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
-                               alloc_lte_dentries = lte->alloc_lte_dentries;
-                       }
-
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_lte_dentries) {
-                               alloc_lte_dentries *= 2;
-                               lte_dentries = REALLOC(prev_lte_dentries,
-                                                      alloc_lte_dentries *
-                                                       sizeof(lte_dentries[0]));
-                               if (lte_dentries == NULL)
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                               if (prev_lte_dentries == NULL) {
-                                       memcpy(lte_dentries,
-                                              lte->inline_lte_dentries,
-                                              sizeof(lte->inline_lte_dentries));
-                               }
-                               lte->lte_dentries = lte_dentries;
-                               lte->alloc_lte_dentries = alloc_lte_dentries;
-                       }
-                       lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
-               }
-               lte_dentries[lte->out_refcnt] = dentry;
-       }
-       lte->out_refcnt++;
-       return 0;
+       ctx->count_until_file_progress = 500;  /* Arbitrary value to limit calls  */
+       return extract_progress(ctx, msg);
 }
 
-/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, iterate through streams that
- * need to be extracted.  For each one, add it to the list of streams to be
- * extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so, and also update the
- * progress information (ctx->progress) with the stream.  Furthermore, if doing
- * a sequential extraction, build a mapping from each the stream to the dentries
- * referencing it.
- *
- * This uses the i_visited member of the inodes (assumed to be 0 initially).  */
 static int
-dentry_add_streams_to_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+start_file_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx, uint64_t end_file_count, enum wimlib_progress_msg msg)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       int ret;
-
-       /* Don't process dentries marked as skipped.  */
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
-        * unlikely case.  */
-       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
-               ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode),
-                                           dentry, ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-
-       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
-        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
-        * a linked extraction.  */
-       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
-                               continue;
-                       ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte,
-                                                   dentry, ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
-       }
-       inode->i_visited = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Inform library user of progress of stream extraction following the successful
- * extraction of a copy of the stream specified by @lte.  */
-static void
-update_extract_progress(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
-{
-       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func = ctx->progress_func;
-       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
-
-       progress->extract.completed_bytes += lte->size;
-       if (progress_func &&
-           progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress)
-       {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, progress);
-               if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >=
-                   progress->extract.total_bytes)
-               {
-                       ctx->next_progress = ~0ULL;
-               } else {
-                       ctx->next_progress += progress->extract.total_bytes / 128;
-                       if (ctx->next_progress > progress->extract.total_bytes)
-                               ctx->next_progress = progress->extract.total_bytes;
-               }
-       }
-}
-
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-/* Extract a symbolic link (not directly as reparse data), handling fixing up
- * the target of absolute symbolic links and updating the extract progress.
- *
- * @inode must specify the WIM inode for a symbolic link or junction reparse
- * point.
- *
- * @lte_override overrides the resource used as the reparse data for the
- * symbolic link.  */
-static int
-extract_symlink(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-               struct wim_inode *inode,
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
-{
-       ssize_t bufsize = ctx->ops->path_max;
-       tchar target[bufsize];
-       tchar *buf = target;
-       tchar *fixed_target;
-       ssize_t sret;
-       int ret;
-
-       /* If absolute symbolic link fixups requested, reserve space in the link
-        * target buffer for the absolute path of the target directory.  */
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX)
-       {
-               buf += ctx->realtarget_nchars;
-               bufsize -= ctx->realtarget_nchars;
-       }
-
-       /* Translate the WIM inode's reparse data into the link target.  */
-       sret = wim_inode_readlink(inode, buf, bufsize - 1, lte_override);
-       if (sret < 0) {
-               errno = -sret;
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_READLINK;
-       }
-       buf[sret] = '\0';
-
-       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
-           buf[0] == '/')
-       {
-               /* Fix absolute symbolic link target to point into the
-                * actual extraction destination.  */
-               tmemcpy(target, ctx->realtarget, ctx->realtarget_nchars);
-               fixed_target = target;
-       } else {
-               /* Keep same link target.  */
-               fixed_target = buf;
-       }
-
-       /* Call into the apply_operations to create the symbolic link.  */
-       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
-             path, fixed_target);
-       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(fixed_target, path, ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
-                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", path, fixed_target);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
-       update_extract_progress(ctx,
-                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
-                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
-       return 0;
-}
-#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
-
-/* Create a file, directory, or symbolic link.  */
-static int
-extract_inode(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_inode *inode)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-       if (ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points &&
-           !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points &&
-           inode_is_symlink(inode))
-       {
-               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, NULL);
-       } else
-#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
-       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
-               ret = ctx->ops->create_directory(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
-               if (ret) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the directory "
-                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-               }
-       } else if ((inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) &&
-                   ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file &&
-                   ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
-               ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
-                               path, inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode), ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create and extract "
-                                        "encrypted file \"%"TS"\"", path);
-               }
-       } else {
-               ret = ctx->ops->create_file(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
-               if (ret) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the file "
-                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-               }
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static int
-extract_hardlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
-                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       DEBUG("Creating hardlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", newpath, oldpath);
-       ret = ctx->ops->create_hardlink(oldpath, newpath, ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create hardlink "
-                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
-                                newpath, oldpath);
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-static int
-try_extract_rpfix(u8 *rpbuf,
-                 u16 *rpbuflen_p,
-                 const wchar_t *extract_root_realpath,
-                 unsigned extract_root_realpath_nchars)
-{
-       struct reparse_data rpdata;
-       wchar_t *target;
-       size_t target_nchars;
-       size_t stripped_nchars;
-       wchar_t *stripped_target;
-       wchar_t stripped_target_nchars;
-       int ret;
-
-       utf16lechar *new_target;
-       utf16lechar *new_print_name;
-       size_t new_target_nchars;
-       size_t new_print_name_nchars;
-       utf16lechar *p;
-
-       ret = parse_reparse_data(rpbuf, *rpbuflen_p, &rpdata);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       if (extract_root_realpath[0] == L'\0' ||
-           extract_root_realpath[1] != L':' ||
-           extract_root_realpath[2] != L'\\')
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
-
-       ret = parse_substitute_name(rpdata.substitute_name,
-                                   rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes,
-                                   rpdata.rptag);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return 0;
-       stripped_nchars = ret;
-       target = rpdata.substitute_name;
-       target_nchars = rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes / sizeof(utf16lechar);
-       stripped_target = target + stripped_nchars;
-       stripped_target_nchars = target_nchars - stripped_nchars;
-
-       new_target = alloca((6 + extract_root_realpath_nchars +
-                            stripped_target_nchars) * sizeof(utf16lechar));
-
-       p = new_target;
-       if (stripped_nchars == 6) {
-               /* Include \??\ prefix if it was present before */
-               p = wmempcpy(p, L"\\??\\", 4);
-       }
-
-       /* Print name excludes the \??\ if present. */
-       new_print_name = p;
-       if (stripped_nchars != 0) {
-               /* Get drive letter from real path to extract root, if a drive
-                * letter was present before. */
-               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[0];
-               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[1];
-       }
-       /* Copy the rest of the extract root */
-       p = wmempcpy(p, extract_root_realpath + 2, extract_root_realpath_nchars - 2);
-
-       /* Append the stripped target */
-       p = wmempcpy(p, stripped_target, stripped_target_nchars);
-       new_target_nchars = p - new_target;
-       new_print_name_nchars = p - new_print_name;
-
-       if (new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE ||
-           new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
-
-       rpdata.substitute_name = new_target;
-       rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes = new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
-       rpdata.print_name = new_print_name;
-       rpdata.print_name_nbytes = new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
-       return make_reparse_buffer(&rpdata, rpbuf, rpbuflen_p);
-}
-#endif /* __WIN32__ */
-
-/* Set reparse data on extracted file or directory that has
- * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set.  */
-static int
-extract_reparse_data(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                    struct wim_inode *inode,
-                    struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
-{
-       int ret;
-       u8 rpbuf[REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE];
-       u16 rpbuflen;
-
-       ret = wim_inode_get_reparse_data(inode, rpbuf, &rpbuflen, lte_override);
-       if (ret)
-               goto error;
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Fix up target of absolute symbolic link or junction points so
-        * that they point into the actual extraction target.  */
-       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
-           (inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK ||
-            inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT) &&
-           !inode->i_not_rpfixed)
-       {
-               ret = try_extract_rpfix(rpbuf, &rpbuflen, ctx->realtarget,
-                                       ctx->realtarget_nchars);
-               if (ret && !(ctx->extract_flags &
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
-               {
-                       WARNING("Reparse point fixup of \"%"TS"\" "
-                               "failed", path);
-                       ret = 0;
-               }
-               if (ret)
-                       goto error;
-       }
-#endif
-
-       ret = ctx->ops->set_reparse_data(path, rpbuf, rpbuflen, ctx);
-
-       /* On Windows, the SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege is required to create
-        * symbolic links.  To be more friendly towards non-Administrator users,
-        * we merely warn the user if symbolic links cannot be created due to
-        * insufficient permissions or privileges, unless
-        * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS was provided.  */
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (ret && inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
-           (errno == EACCES || errno == EPERM) &&
-           !(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
-       {
-               WARNING("Can't set reparse data on \"%"TS"\": "
-                       "Access denied!\n"
-                       "          You may be trying to "
-                       "extract a symbolic link without the\n"
-                       "          SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege, "
-                       "which by default non-Administrator\n"
-                       "          accounts do not have.",
-                       path);
-               ret = 0;
-       }
-#endif
-       if (ret)
-               goto error;
-
-       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
-       update_extract_progress(ctx,
-                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
-                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
-       return 0;
-
-error:
-       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set reparse data on \"%"TS"\"", path);
-       return ret;
+       ctx->progress.extract.current_file_count = 0;
+       ctx->progress.extract.end_file_count = end_file_count;
+       return do_file_extract_progress(ctx, msg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Extract zero or more streams to a file.
- *
- * This function operates slightly differently depending on whether @lte_spec is
- * NULL or not.  When @lte_spec is NULL, the behavior is to extract the default
- * file contents (unnamed stream), and, if named data streams are supported in
- * the extract mode and volume, any named data streams.  When @lte_spec is not
- * NULL, the behavior is to extract only all copies of the stream @lte_spec, and
- * in addition use @lte_spec to set the reparse data or create the symbolic link
- * if appropriate.
- *
- * @path
- *     Path to file to extract (as can be passed to apply_operations
- *     functions).
- * @ctx
- *     Apply context.
- * @dentry
- *     WIM dentry that corresponds to the file being extracted.
- * @lte_spec
- *     If non-NULL, specifies the lookup table entry for a stream to extract,
- *     and only that stream will be extracted (although there may be more than
- *     one instance of it).
- * @lte_override
- *     Used only if @lte_spec != NULL; it is passed to the extraction functions
- *     rather than @lte_spec, allowing the location of the stream to be
- *     overridden.  (This is used when the WIM is being read from a nonseekable
- *     file, such as a pipe, when streams need to be used more than once; each
- *     such stream is extracted to a temporary file.)
- */
-static int
-extract_streams(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-               struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_spec,
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
+int
+start_file_structure_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx, uint64_t end_file_count)
 {
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       file_spec_t file_spec;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (dentry->was_hardlinked)
-               return 0;
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
-       if (lte_spec) {
-               char sha1_str[100];
-               char *p = sha1_str;
-               for (unsigned i = 0; i < SHA1_HASH_SIZE; i++)
-                       p += sprintf(p, "%02x", lte_override->hash[i]);
-               DEBUG("Extracting stream SHA1=%s to \"%"TS"\"",
-                     sha1_str, path, inode->i_ino);
-       } else {
-               DEBUG("Extracting streams to \"%"TS"\"", path, inode->i_ino);
-       }
-#endif
-
-       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
-               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
-       else
-               file_spec.path = path;
-
-       /* Unnamed data stream.  */
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
-       if (lte && (!lte_spec || lte == lte_spec)) {
-               if (lte_spec)
-                       lte = lte_override;
-               if (!(inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY |
-                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)))
-               {
-                       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED &&
-                           ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
-                               if (!ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file) {
-                                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
-                                                               path, lte, ctx);
-                                       if (ret)
-                                               goto error;
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               ret = ctx->ops->extract_unnamed_stream(
-                                                       file_spec, lte, ctx);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       goto error;
-                       }
-                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
-               }
-               else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
-               {
-                       ret = 0;
-                       if (ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
-                               ret = extract_reparse_data(path, ctx, inode, lte);
-               #ifndef __WIN32__
-                       else if ((inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
-                                 ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points))
-                               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, lte);
-               #endif
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Named data streams.  */
-       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
-
-                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
-                               continue;
-                       lte = entry->lte;
-                       if (!lte)
-                               continue;
-                       if (lte_spec && lte_spec != lte)
-                               continue;
-                       if (lte_spec)
-                               lte = lte_override;
-                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec, entry->stream_name,
-                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
-                                                            lte, ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto error;
-                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
-
-error:
-       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to extract data of \"%"TS"\"", path);
-       return ret;
+       return start_file_phase(ctx, end_file_count, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_FILE_STRUCTURE);
 }
 
-/* Set attributes on an extracted file or directory if supported by the
- * extraction mode.  */
-static int
-extract_file_attributes(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                       struct wim_dentry *dentry, unsigned pass)
+int
+start_file_metadata_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx, uint64_t end_file_count)
 {
-       int ret;
-
-       if (ctx->ops->set_file_attributes &&
-           !(dentry == ctx->extract_root && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)) {
-               u32 attributes = dentry->d_inode->i_attributes;
-
-               /* Clear unsupported attributes.  */
-               attributes &= ctx->supported_attributes_mask;
-
-               if ((attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY &&
-                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_directories) ||
-                   (!(attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) &&
-                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files))
-               {
-                       attributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
-               }
-
-               if (attributes == 0)
-                       attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
-
-               ret = ctx->ops->set_file_attributes(path, attributes, ctx, pass);
-               if (ret) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set attributes on "
-                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-                       return ret;
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return start_file_phase(ctx, end_file_count, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_METADATA);
 }
 
-
-/* Set or remove the short (DOS) name on an extracted file or directory if
- * supported by the extraction mode.  Since DOS names are unimportant and it's
- * easy to run into problems setting them on Windows (SetFileShortName()
- * requires SE_RESTORE privilege, which only the Administrator can request, and
- * also requires DELETE access to the file), failure is ignored unless
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES is set.  */
 static int
-extract_short_name(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+end_file_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx, enum wimlib_progress_msg msg)
 {
-       int ret;
-
-       /* The root of the dentry tree being extracted may not be extracted to
-        * its original name, so its short name should be ignored.  */
-       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names) {
-               ret = ctx->ops->set_short_name(path,
-                                              dentry->short_name,
-                                              dentry->short_name_nbytes / 2,
-                                              ctx);
-               if (ret && (ctx->extract_flags &
-                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES))
-               {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set short name of "
-                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-                       return ret;
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
+       ctx->progress.extract.current_file_count = ctx->progress.extract.end_file_count;
+       return do_file_extract_progress(ctx, msg);
 }
 
-/* Set security descriptor, UNIX data, or neither on an extracted file, taking
- * into account the current extraction mode and flags.  */
-static int
-extract_security(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+int
+end_file_structure_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS)
-               return 0;
-
-       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
-               return 0;
-
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) {
-               struct wimlib_unix_data data;
-
-               ret = inode_get_unix_data(inode, &data, NULL);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       ret = 0;
-               else if (ret == 0)
-                       ret = ctx->ops->set_unix_data(path, &data, ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
-                                                "group, and/or mode on "
-                                                "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-                               return ret;
-                       } else {
-                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
-                                                  "group, and/or/mode on "
-                                                  "\"%"TS"\"", path);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       else
-#endif /* __WIN32__ */
-       if (ctx->supported_features.security_descriptors &&
-           inode->i_security_id != -1)
-       {
-               const struct wim_security_data *sd;
-               const u8 *desc;
-               size_t desc_size;
-
-               sd = wim_const_security_data(ctx->wim);
-               desc = sd->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
-               desc_size = sd->sizes[inode->i_security_id];
-
-               ret = ctx->ops->set_security_descriptor(path, desc,
-                                                       desc_size, ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set security "
-                                                "descriptor on \"%"TS"\"", path);
-                               return ret;
-                       } else {
-                       #if 0
-                               if (errno != EACCES) {
-                                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set "
-                                                          "security descriptor "
-                                                          "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
-                               }
-                       #endif
-                               ctx->no_security_descriptors++;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return end_file_phase(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_FILE_STRUCTURE);
 }
 
-/* Set timestamps on an extracted file.  Failure is warning-only unless
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS is set.  */
-static int
-extract_timestamps(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
-                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+int
+end_file_metadata_phase(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       int ret;
-
-       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (ctx->ops->set_timestamps) {
-               ret = ctx->ops->set_timestamps(path,
-                                              inode->i_creation_time,
-                                              inode->i_last_write_time,
-                                              inode->i_last_access_time,
-                                              ctx);
-               if (ret) {
-                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
-                                                "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
-                               return ret;
-                       } else {
-                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
-                                                  "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return end_file_phase(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_METADATA);
 }
 
 /* Check whether the extraction of a dentry should be skipped completely.  */
@@ -855,353 +157,159 @@ dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
        return true;
 }
 
-/* Given a WIM dentry to extract, build the path to which to extract it, in the
- * format understood by the callbacks in the apply_operations being used.
- *
- * Write the resulting path into @path, which must have room for at least
- * ctx->ops->max_path characters including the null-terminator.
- *
- * Return %true if successful; %false if this WIM dentry doesn't actually need
- * to be extracted or if the calculated path exceeds ctx->ops->max_path
- * characters.
- *
- * This function clobbers the tmp_list member of @dentry and its ancestors up
- * until the extraction root.  */
-static bool
-build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                     struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       size_t path_nchars;
-       LIST_HEAD(ancestor_list);
-       tchar *p = path;
-       const tchar *target_prefix;
-       size_t target_prefix_nchars;
-       struct wim_dentry *d;
-
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return false;
-
-       path_nchars = ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
-
-       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths) {
-               target_prefix        = ctx->realtarget;
-               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->realtarget_nchars;
-       } else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths) {
-               target_prefix        = ctx->target;
-               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->target_nchars;
-       } else {
-               target_prefix        = NULL;
-               target_prefix_nchars = 0;
-       }
-       path_nchars += target_prefix_nchars;
-
-       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent) {
-               path_nchars += d->extraction_name_nchars + 1;
-               list_add(&d->tmp_list, &ancestor_list);
-       }
-
-       path_nchars++; /* null terminator */
-
-       if (path_nchars > ctx->ops->path_max) {
-               WARNING("\"%"TS"\": Path too long to extract",
-                       dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               return false;
-       }
 
-       p = tmempcpy(p, ctx->ops->path_prefix, ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars);
-       p = tmempcpy(p, target_prefix, target_prefix_nchars);
-       list_for_each_entry(d, &ancestor_list, tmp_list) {
-               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
-               p = tmempcpy(p, d->extraction_name, d->extraction_name_nchars);
-       }
-       *p++ = T('\0');
-       wimlib_assert(p - path == path_nchars);
-       return true;
-}
-
-static unsigned
-get_num_path_components(const tchar *path, tchar path_separator)
-{
-       unsigned num_components = 0;
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Ignore drive letter.  */
-       if (path[0] != L'\0' && path[1] == L':')
-               path += 2;
-#endif
-
-       while (*path) {
-               while (*path == path_separator)
-                       path++;
-               if (*path)
-                       num_components++;
-               while (*path && *path != path_separator)
-                       path++;
-       }
-       return num_components;
-}
-
-static int
-extract_multiimage_symlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
-                          struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       size_t num_raw_path_components;
-       const struct wim_dentry *d;
-       size_t num_target_path_components;
-       tchar *p;
-       const tchar *p_old;
-       int ret;
-
-       num_raw_path_components = 0;
-       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent)
-               num_raw_path_components++;
-
-       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths)
-               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->realtarget,
-                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
-       else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths)
-               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->target,
-                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
-       else
-               num_target_path_components = 0;
-
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE) {
-               wimlib_assert(num_target_path_components > 0);
-               num_raw_path_components++;
-               num_target_path_components--;
-       }
-
-       p_old = oldpath + ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (p_old[0] != L'\0' && p_old[1] == ':')
-               p_old += 2;
-#endif
-       while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
-               p_old++;
-       while (--num_target_path_components) {
-               while (*p_old != ctx->ops->path_separator)
-                       p_old++;
-               while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
-                       p_old++;
-       }
-
-       tchar symlink_target[tstrlen(p_old) + 3 * num_raw_path_components + 1];
-
-       p = &symlink_target[0];
-       while (num_raw_path_components--) {
-               *p++ = '.';
-               *p++ = '.';
-               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
-       }
-       tstrcpy(p, p_old);
-       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
-             newpath, symlink_target);
-       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(symlink_target, newpath, ctx);
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
-                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
-                                newpath, symlink_target);
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
+#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
 
-/* Create the "skeleton" of an extracted file or directory.  Don't yet extract
- * data streams, reparse data (including symbolic links), timestamps, and
- * security descriptors.  Basically, everything that doesn't require reading
- * non-metadata resources from the WIM file and isn't delayed until the final
- * pass.  */
+/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
 static int
-do_dentry_extract_skeleton(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                          struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
 {
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       union {
+               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       } buf;
+       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
        int ret;
-       const tchar *oldpath;
-
-       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
-
-               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-               if (unnamed_lte && unnamed_lte->extracted_file) {
-                       oldpath = unnamed_lte->extracted_file;
-                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)
-                               goto hardlink;
-                       else
-                               goto symlink;
-               }
-       }
 
-       /* Create hard link if this dentry corresponds to an already-extracted
-        * inode.  */
-       if (inode->i_extracted_file) {
-               oldpath = inode->i_extracted_file;
-               goto hardlink;
-       }
+       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               goto read_error;
 
-       /* Skip symlinks unless they can be extracted as reparse points rather
-        * than created directly.  */
-       if (inode_is_symlink(inode) && !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
-               return 0;
+       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) &&
+           le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) == PWM_MAGIC)
+       {
+               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
+                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
 
-       /* Create this file or directory unless it's the extraction root, which
-        * was already created if necessary.  */
-       if (dentry != ctx->extract_root) {
-               ret = extract_inode(path, ctx, inode);
                if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+                       goto read_error;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
+               return 0;
        }
 
-       /* Create empty named data streams.  */
-       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       file_spec_t file_spec;
-                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
-
-                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
-                               continue;
-                       if (entry->lte)
-                               continue;
-                       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
-                               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
-                       else
-                               file_spec.path = path;
-                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec,
-                                                            entry->stream_name,
-                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
-                                                            entry->lte, ctx);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("\"%"TS"\": failed to create "
-                                                "empty named data stream",
-                                                path);
-                               return ret;
-                       }
-               }
+       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
        }
 
-       /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
-       ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 0);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       /* Set or remove file short name (if supported).  */
-       ret = extract_short_name(path, ctx, dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       /* If inode has multiple links and hard links are supported in this
-        * extraction mode and volume, save the path to the extracted file in
-        * case it's needed to create a hard link.  */
-       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
-
-               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-               if (unnamed_lte) {
-                       unnamed_lte->extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
-                       if (!unnamed_lte->extracted_file)
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               }
-       } else if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && ctx->supported_features.hard_links) {
-               inode->i_extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
-               if (!inode->i_extracted_file)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       return 0;
+       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
 
-symlink:
-       ret = extract_multiimage_symlink(oldpath, path, ctx, dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
+       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
+       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
+       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
        return 0;
 
-hardlink:
-       ret = extract_hardlink(oldpath, path, ctx);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
-       return 0;
+read_error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/* This is a wrapper around do_dentry_extract_skeleton() that handles building
- * the path, doing short name reordering.  This is also idempotent; dentries
- * already processed have skeleton_extracted set and no action is taken.  See
- * apply_operations.requires_short_name_reordering for more details about short
- * name reordering.  */
 static int
-dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+load_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                      const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
-       struct wim_dentry *orig_dentry;
-       struct wim_dentry *other_dentry;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte = NULL;
+       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec = NULL;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
        int ret;
 
-       if (dentry->skeleton_extracted)
-               return 0;
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (!found_lte)
+               goto out;
 
-       orig_dentry = NULL;
-       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names
-           && ctx->ops->requires_short_name_reordering
-           && !dentry_has_short_name(dentry)
-           && !dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted)
-       {
-               inode_for_each_dentry(other_dentry, dentry->d_inode) {
-                       if (dentry_has_short_name(other_dentry)
-                           && !other_dentry->skeleton_extracted
-                           && other_dentry->in_extraction_tree)
-                       {
-                               DEBUG("Creating %"TS" before %"TS" "
-                                     "to guarantee correct DOS name extraction",
-                                     dentry_full_path(other_dentry),
-                                     dentry_full_path(dentry));
-                               orig_dentry = dentry;
-                               dentry = other_dentry;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-again:
-       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
-               return 0;
-       ret = do_dentry_extract_skeleton(path, dentry, ctx);
+       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+       if (!rspec)
+               goto out;
+
+       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
+       memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GUID_LEN);
+       ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = ctx->wim->hdr.total_parts;
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN);
        if (ret)
-               return ret;
+               goto out;
 
-       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 1;
+       while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
 
-       if (orig_dentry) {
-               dentry = orig_dentry;
-               orig_dentry = NULL;
-               goto again;
-       }
-       dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
+               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
+                                            PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR, &pwm_hdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out;
 
-static int
-dentry_extract_dir_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
-               return dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, _ctx);
-       return 0;
-}
+               if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
+                   && (needed_lte = lookup_stream(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
+                   && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
+               {
+                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
+                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
+                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
 
-/* Create a file or directory, then immediately extract all streams.  The WIM
- * may not be read sequentially by this function.  */
-static int
-dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
-       int ret;
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
 
-       ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+                       ret = (*cbs->begin_stream)(needed_lte,
+                                                  cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                               goto out;
+                       }
 
-       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
-               return 0;
+                       ret = extract_stream(needed_lte, needed_lte->size,
+                                            cbs->consume_chunk,
+                                            cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
+
+                       ret = (*cbs->end_stream)(needed_lte, ret,
+                                                cbs->end_stream_ctx);
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out;
+                       ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
+               } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out;
+               } else {
+                       u16 part_number = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.part_number);
+                       u16 total_parts = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.total_parts);
 
-       return extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, NULL, NULL);
+                       if (part_number != ctx->progress.extract.part_number ||
+                           total_parts != ctx->progress.extract.total_parts ||
+                           memcmp(pwm_hdr.guid, ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                  WIM_GUID_LEN))
+                       {
+                               ctx->progress.extract.part_number = part_number;
+                               ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = total_parts;
+                               memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                      pwm_hdr.guid, WIM_GUID_LEN);
+                               ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto out;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out:
+       if (found_lte && found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               FREE(rspec);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 /* Creates a temporary file opened for writing.  The open file descriptor is
@@ -1211,23 +319,29 @@ static int
 create_temporary_file(struct filedes *fd_ret, tchar **name_ret)
 {
        tchar *name;
+       int open_flags;
        int raw_fd;
 
 retry:
        name = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
-       if (name == NULL) {
+       if (!name) {
                ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
 
-       raw_fd = topen(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0600);
+       open_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       open_flags |= _O_SHORT_LIVED;
+#endif
+       raw_fd = topen(name, open_flags, 0600);
 
        if (raw_fd < 0) {
                if (errno == EEXIST) {
                        FREE(name);
                        goto retry;
                }
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open temporary file \"%"TS"\"", name);
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary file "
+                                "\"%"TS"\"", name);
                FREE(name);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
        }
@@ -1237,424 +351,408 @@ retry:
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Extract all instances of the stream @lte that are being extracted in this
- * call of extract_tree(), but actually read the stream data from @lte_override.
- */
 static int
-extract_stream_instances(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override,
-                        struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
-       size_t i;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (lte->out_refcnt <= ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
-               lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
-       else
-               lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
-               struct wim_dentry *dentry = lte_dentries[i];
-
-               if (dentry->tmp_flag)
-                       continue;
-               if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
-                       continue;
-               ret = extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, lte, lte_override);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_clear_tmp_flags;
-               dentry->tmp_flag = 1;
-       }
-       ret = 0;
-out_clear_tmp_flags:
-       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++)
-               lte_dentries[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the specified stream needs to be extracted to a temporary
- * file or not.
- *
- * @lte->out_refcnt specifies the number of instances of this stream that must
- * be extracted.
- *
- * @is_partial_res is %true if this stream is just one of multiple in a single
- * WIM resource being extracted.  */
-static bool
-need_tmpfile_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                       bool is_partial_res)
+begin_extract_stream_wrapper(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
 {
-       /* Temporary file is always required when reading a partial resource,
-        * since in that case we retrieve all the contained streams in one pass.
-        * */
-       if (is_partial_res)
-               return true;
-
-       /* Otherwise we don't need a temporary file if only a single instance of
-        * the stream is needed.  */
-       if (lte->out_refcnt == 1)
-               return false;
-
-       wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt >= 2);
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
 
-       /* We also don't need a temporary file if random access to the stream is
-        * allowed.  */
-       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM ||
-           filedes_is_seekable(&lte->rspec->wim->in_fd))
-               return false;
+       ctx->cur_stream = lte;
+       ctx->cur_stream_offset = 0;
 
-       return true;
+       if (unlikely(lte->out_refcnt > MAX_OPEN_STREAMS))
+               return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       else
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->begin_stream)(lte, ctx->saved_cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
 }
 
 static int
-begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                               bool is_partial_res,
-                               void *_ctx)
+extract_chunk_wrapper(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
 {
        struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
        int ret;
 
-       if (!need_tmpfile_to_extract(lte, is_partial_res)) {
-               DEBUG("Temporary file not needed "
-                     "for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
-               ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
+       ctx->cur_stream_offset += size;
+
+       if (likely(ctx->supported_features.hard_links)) {
+               progress->extract.completed_bytes +=
+                       (u64)size * ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt;
+               if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == ctx->cur_stream->size)
+                       progress->extract.completed_streams += ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt;
+       } else {
+               const struct stream_owner *owners = stream_owners(ctx->cur_stream);
+               for (u32 i = 0; i < ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt; i++) {
+                       const struct wim_inode *inode = owners[i].inode;
+                       const struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
+                       list_for_each_entry(dentry,
+                                           &inode->i_extraction_aliases,
+                                           d_extraction_alias_node)
+                       {
+                               progress->extract.completed_bytes += size;
+                               if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == ctx->cur_stream->size)
+                                       progress->extract.completed_streams++;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress) {
+
+               ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
 
-               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+               if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >=
+                   progress->extract.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       ctx->next_progress = UINT64_MAX;
+               } else {
+                       /* Send new message as soon as another 1/128 of the
+                        * total has been extracted.  (Arbitrary number.)  */
+                       ctx->next_progress =
+                               progress->extract.completed_bytes +
+                                       progress->extract.total_bytes / 128;
+
+                       /* ... Unless that would be more than 5000000 bytes, in
+                        * which case send the next after the next 5000000
+                        * bytes.  (Another arbitrary number.)  */
+                       if (progress->extract.completed_bytes + 5000000 <
+                           ctx->next_progress)
+                               ctx->next_progress =
+                                       progress->extract.completed_bytes + 5000000;
+
+                       /* ... But always send a message as soon as we're
+                        * completely done.  */
+                       if (progress->extract.total_bytes < ctx->next_progress)
+                               ctx->next_progress = progress->extract.total_bytes;
+               }
        }
 
-       DEBUG("Temporary file needed for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
-       return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       if (unlikely(filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd))) {
+               /* Just extracting to temporary file for now.  */
+               ret = full_write(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, chunk, size);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing data to "
+                                        "temporary file \"%"TS"\"",
+                                        ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               }
+               return ret;
+       } else {
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->consume_chunk)(chunk, size,
+                                                       ctx->saved_cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
+       }
 }
 
 static int
-end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                             int status, void *_ctx)
+extract_from_tmpfile(const tchar *tmpfile_name, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte_override;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *orig_lte = ctx->cur_stream;
+       const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs = ctx->saved_cbs;
        int ret;
-       int errno_save = errno;
+       const u32 orig_refcnt = orig_lte->out_refcnt;
 
-       ret = filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+       BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX_OPEN_STREAMS < ARRAY_LEN(orig_lte->inline_stream_owners));
 
-       if (status) {
-               ret = status;
-               errno = errno_save;
-               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
-       }
+       struct stream_owner *owners = orig_lte->stream_owners;
 
-       if (ret) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing temporary file %"TS, ctx->tmpfile_name);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
-       }
+       /* Copy the stream's data from the temporary file to each of its
+        * destinations.
+        *
+        * This is executed only in the very uncommon case that a
+        * single-instance stream is being extracted to more than
+        * MAX_OPEN_STREAMS locations!  */
+
+       memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, orig_lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+       tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+       tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+       ret = 0;
+       for (u32 i = 0; i < orig_refcnt; i++) {
+
+               /* Note: it usually doesn't matter whether we pass the original
+                * stream entry to callbacks provided by the extraction backend
+                * as opposed to the tmpfile stream entry, since they shouldn't
+                * actually read data from the stream other than through the
+                * read_stream_prefix() call below.  But for
+                * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT mode on Windows it does matter
+                * because it needs the original stream location in order to
+                * create the external backing reference.  */
 
-       /* Now that a full stream has been extracted to a temporary file,
-        * extract all instances of it to the actual target.  */
+               orig_lte->out_refcnt = 1;
+               orig_lte->inline_stream_owners[0] = owners[i];
 
-       memcpy(&lte_override, lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
-       lte_override.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
-       lte_override.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+               ret = (*cbs->begin_stream)(orig_lte, cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       break;
 
-       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, &lte_override, ctx);
+               /* Extra SHA-1 isn't necessary here, but it shouldn't hurt as
+                * this case is very rare anyway.  */
+               ret = extract_stream(&tmpfile_lte, tmpfile_lte.size,
+                                    cbs->consume_chunk,
+                                    cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
 
-out_delete_tmpfile:
-       errno_save = errno;
-       tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
-       FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
-       errno = errno_save;
+               ret = (*cbs->end_stream)(orig_lte, ret, cbs->end_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       break;
+       }
+       FREE(owners);
+       orig_lte->out_refcnt = 0;
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Extracts a list of streams (ctx.stream_list), assuming that the directory
- * structure and empty files were already created.  This relies on the
- * per-`struct wim_lookup_table_entry' list of dentries that reference each
- * stream that was constructed earlier.  */
 static int
-extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+end_extract_stream_wrapper(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *stream,
+                          int status, void *_ctx)
 {
-       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
-               /* Sequential extraction: read the streams in the order in which
-                * they appear in the WIM file.  */
-               struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
-                       .begin_stream           = begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
-                       .begin_stream_ctx       = ctx,
-                       .consume_chunk          = extract_chunk_to_fd,
-                       .consume_chunk_ctx      = &ctx->tmpfile_fd,
-                       .end_stream             = end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
-                       .end_stream_ctx         = ctx,
-               };
-               return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
-                                       offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, extraction_list),
-                                       &cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
-       } else {
-               /* Extract the streams in unsorted order.  */
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-               int ret;
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
 
-               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx->stream_list, extraction_list) {
-                       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
-               return 0;
+       if (unlikely(filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd))) {
+               filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+               if (!status)
+                       status = extract_from_tmpfile(ctx->tmpfile_name, ctx);
+               filedes_invalidate(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+               tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               return status;
+       } else {
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->end_stream)(stream, status,
+                                                    ctx->saved_cbs->end_stream_ctx);
        }
 }
 
-#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
-#define PWM_SILENT_EOF   0x00002
+/*
+ * Read the list of single-instance streams to extract and feed their data into
+ * the specified callback functions.
+ *
+ * This handles checksumming each stream.
+ *
+ * This also handles sending WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS.
+ *
+ * This also works if the WIM is being read from a pipe, whereas attempting to
+ * read streams directly (e.g. with read_full_stream_into_buf()) will not.
+ *
+ * This also will split up streams that will need to be extracted to more than
+ * MAX_OPEN_STREAMS locations, as measured by the 'out_refcnt' of each stream.
+ * Therefore, the apply_operations implementation need not worry about running
+ * out of file descriptors, unless it might open more than one file descriptor
+ * per nominal destination (e.g. Win32 currently might because the destination
+ * file system might not support hard links).
+ */
+int
+extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                   const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
+{
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks wrapper_cbs = {
+               .begin_stream      = begin_extract_stream_wrapper,
+               .begin_stream_ctx  = ctx,
+               .consume_chunk     = extract_chunk_wrapper,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx = ctx,
+               .end_stream        = end_extract_stream_wrapper,
+               .end_stream_ctx    = ctx,
+       };
+       ctx->saved_cbs = cbs;
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+               return load_streams_from_pipe(ctx, &wrapper_cbs);
+       } else {
+               return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
+                                       offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                extraction_list),
+                                       &wrapper_cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
+       }
+}
 
-/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
+/* Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ *
+ * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
+ * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
+ * unnamed data stream only.  */
 static int
-read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
-                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
+extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                        const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       union {
-               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
-               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
-       } buf;
-       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
-       if (ret)
-               goto read_error;
-
-       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) && buf.stream_hdr.magic == PWM_MAGIC) {
-               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
-               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
-                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct filedes _stdout;
 
-               if (ret)
-                       goto read_error;
-               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
-               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
-               return 0;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
+                                  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
+                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
        }
 
-       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
-               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, lookup_table);
+       if (!lte) {
+               const u8 *hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
+               if (!is_zero_hash(hash))
+                       return stream_not_found_error(inode, hash);
+               return 0;
        }
 
-       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
-
-       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
-       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
-       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
-       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
-       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
-       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
-       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
-       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
-       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
-       return 0;
-
-read_error:
-       if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE || !(flags & PWM_SILENT_EOF))
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
-       return ret;
+       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+       return extract_full_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout);
 }
 
 static int
-extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+extract_dentries_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry **dentries, size_t num_dentries,
+                          const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte;
-       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
-       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
-       int ret;
-       int pwm_flags;
-
-       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
-       if (found_lte == NULL)
-               goto out;
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_dentries; i++) {
+               int ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(dentries[i], lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
-       if (rspec == NULL)
-               goto out_free_found_lte;
+/**********************************************************************/
 
-       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
-       pwm_flags = PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR;
-       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
-               pwm_flags |= PWM_SILENT_EOF;
-       memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
-       ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
-       ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = ctx->wim->hdr.total_parts;
-       if (ctx->progress_func)
-               ctx->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
-                                  &ctx->progress);
-       while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
-               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
-                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
-               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
-                                            pwm_flags, &pwm_hdr);
-               if (ret) {
-                       if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE &&
-                           (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
-                       {
-                               goto resume_done;
-                       }
-                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+/*
+ * Removes duplicate dentries from the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_duplicate_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               if (!trees[i]->tmp_flag) {
+                       /* Found distinct dentry.  */
+                       trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+                       trees[j++] = trees[i];
                }
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
 
-               if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
-                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
-                   && (needed_lte = lookup_resource(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
-                   && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
-               {
-                       tchar *tmpfile_name = NULL;
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override;
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
-
-                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
-                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
-                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
+/*
+ * Remove dentries that are descendants of other dentries in the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_contained_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *d = trees[i];
+               while (!dentry_is_root(d)) {
+                       d = d->d_parent;
+                       if (d->tmp_flag)
+                               goto tree_contained;
+               }
+               trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               continue;
+
+       tree_contained:
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
 
-                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
-                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
+static int
+dentry_append_to_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_dentry_list)
+{
+       struct list_head *dentry_list = _dentry_list;
+       list_add_tail(&dentry->d_extraction_list_node, dentry_list);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       if (needed_lte->out_refcnt > 1) {
+static void
+dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       dentry->d_extraction_list_node = (struct list_head){NULL, NULL};
+}
 
-                               struct filedes tmpfile_fd;
+static int
+dentry_delete_from_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       list_del(&dentry->d_extraction_list_node);
+       dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                               /* Extract stream to temporary file.  */
-                               ret = create_temporary_file(&tmpfile_fd, &tmpfile_name);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+/*
+ * Build the preliminary list of dentries to be extracted.
+ *
+ * The list maintains the invariant that if d1 and d2 are in the list and d1 is
+ * an ancestor of d2, then d1 appears before d2 in the list.
+ */
+static void
+build_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct wim_dentry **trees,
+                 size_t num_trees, bool add_ancestors)
+{
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
 
-                               ret = extract_full_stream_to_fd(needed_lte,
-                                                               &tmpfile_fd);
-                               if (ret) {
-                                       filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd);
-                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
-                               }
+       /* Add the trees recursively.  */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               for_dentry_in_tree(trees[i], dentry_append_to_list, dentry_list);
 
-                               if (filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd)) {
-                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to temporary "
-                                                        "file \"%"TS"\"", tmpfile_name);
-                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
-                               }
-                               memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, needed_lte,
-                                      sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
-                               tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
-                               tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = tmpfile_name;
-                               lte_override = &tmpfile_lte;
-                       } else {
-                               lte_override = needed_lte;
-                       }
+       /* If requested, add ancestors of the trees.  */
+       if (add_ancestors) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry = trees[i];
+                       struct wim_dentry *ancestor;
+                       struct list_head *place_after;
 
-                       ret = extract_stream_instances(needed_lte, lte_override, ctx);
-               delete_tmpfile:
-                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
-                       if (tmpfile_name) {
-                               tunlink(tmpfile_name);
-                               FREE(tmpfile_name);
-                       }
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_found_lte;
-                       ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
-               } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
-                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_found_lte;
-               } else {
-                       u16 part_number = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.part_number);
-                       u16 total_parts = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.total_parts);
+                       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+                               continue;
 
-                       if (part_number != ctx->progress.extract.part_number ||
-                           total_parts != ctx->progress.extract.total_parts ||
-                           memcmp(pwm_hdr.guid, ctx->progress.extract.guid,
-                                  WIM_GID_LEN))
-                       {
-                               ctx->progress.extract.part_number = part_number;
-                               ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = total_parts;
-                               memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid,
-                                      pwm_hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
-                               if (ctx->progress_func) {
-                                       ctx->progress_func(
-                                               WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
-                                                          &ctx->progress);
+                       place_after = dentry_list;
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->d_parent;
+                               if (will_extract_dentry(ancestor)) {
+                                       place_after = &ancestor->d_extraction_list_node;
+                                       break;
                                }
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
 
-                       }
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->d_parent;
+                               if (will_extract_dentry(ancestor))
+                                       break;
+                               list_add(&ancestor->d_extraction_list_node, place_after);
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
                }
        }
-       ret = 0;
-out_free_found_lte:
-       if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
-               FREE(rspec);
-       free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
-out:
-       return ret;
-
-resume_done:
-       /* TODO */
-       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Finish extracting a file, directory, or symbolic link by setting file
- * security and timestamps.  */
-static int
-dentry_extract_final(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+static void
+destroy_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       int ret;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
-
-       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
-               return 0;
-
-       ret = extract_security(path, ctx, dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       if (ctx->ops->requires_final_set_attributes_pass) {
-               /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
-               ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 1);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry, *tmp;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(dentry, tmp, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+               inode->i_visited = 0;
+               inode->i_can_externally_back = 0;
+               if ((void *)dentry->d_extraction_name != (void *)dentry->file_name)
+                       FREE(dentry->d_extraction_name);
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = NULL;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = 0;
        }
-
-       return extract_timestamps(path, ctx, dentry);
 }
 
-/*
- * Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
- *
- * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
- * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
- * unnamed data stream only.
- */
-static int
-extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+static void
+destroy_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list)
 {
-       int ret = 0;
-       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
-                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-       {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
-                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
-       } else {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 
-               lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-               if (lte) {
-                       struct filedes _stdout;
-                       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
-                       ret = extract_full_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout);
-               }
-       }
-       return ret;
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list)
+               if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners))
+                       FREE(lte->stream_owners);
 }
 
 #ifdef __WIN32__
@@ -1704,69 +802,33 @@ file_name_valid(utf16lechar *name, size_t num_chars, bool fix)
        return true;
 }
 
-static bool
-dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       const utf16lechar *file_name = dentry->file_name;
-       return file_name != NULL &&
-               file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-               (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('\0') ||
-                (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-                 file_name[2] == cpu_to_le16('\0')));
-}
-
-static int
-dentry_mark_skipped(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * dentry_calculate_extraction_path-
- *
- * Calculate the actual filename component at which a WIM dentry will be
- * extracted, handling invalid filenames "properly".
- *
- * dentry->extraction_name usually will be set the same as dentry->file_name (on
- * UNIX, converted into the platform's multibyte encoding).  However, if the
- * file name contains characters that are not valid on the current platform or
- * has some other format that is not valid, leave dentry->extraction_name as
- * NULL and set dentry->extraction_skipped to indicate that this dentry should
- * not be extracted, unless the appropriate flag
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES is set in the extract flags, in
- * which case a substitute filename will be created and set instead.
- *
- * Conflicts with case-insensitive names on Windows are handled similarly; see
- * below.
- */
 static int
-dentry_calculate_extraction_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
+dentry_calculate_extraction_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _args;
        int ret;
 
-       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root || dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
-
        if (!dentry_is_supported(dentry, &ctx->supported_features))
                goto skip_dentry;
 
-       if (dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(dentry)) {
-               /* WIM files shouldn't contain . or .. entries.  But if they are
-                * there, don't attempt to extract them. */
-               WARNING("Skipping extraction of unexpected . or .. file "
-                       "\"%"TS"\"", dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               goto skip_dentry;
+       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+               return 0;
+
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes /
+                                                  sizeof(utf16lechar);
+               return 0;
        }
+#endif
 
-       if (!ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames)
-       {
+       if (!ctx->supported_features.case_sensitive_filenames) {
                struct wim_dentry *other;
-               list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list,
-                                   case_insensitive_conflict_list)
+               list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->d_ci_conflict_list,
+                                   d_ci_conflict_list)
                {
-                       if (!other->extraction_skipped) {
+                       if (will_extract_dentry(other)) {
                                if (ctx->extract_flags &
                                    WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
                                        WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
@@ -1789,16 +851,12 @@ dentry_calculate_extraction_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
        }
 
        if (file_name_valid(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, false)) {
-#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               dentry->extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
-               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
-               return 0;
-#else
-               return utf16le_to_tstr(dentry->file_name,
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(dentry->file_name,
                                       dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                      &dentry->extraction_name,
-                                      &dentry->extraction_name_nchars);
-#endif
+                                      (const tchar **)&dentry->d_extraction_name,
+                                      &dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars);
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+               return ret;
        } else {
                if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES)
                {
@@ -1822,18 +880,17 @@ out_replace:
                memcpy(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes);
                file_name_valid(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, true);
 
-               tchar *tchar_name;
+               const tchar *tchar_name;
                size_t tchar_nchars;
-       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               tchar_name = utf16_name_copy;
-               tchar_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
-       #else
-               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
-                                     dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                     &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
+
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
+                                      dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                      &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
-       #endif
+
+               tchar_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+
                size_t fixed_name_num_chars = tchar_nchars;
                tchar fixed_name[tchar_nchars + 50];
 
@@ -1841,52 +898,294 @@ out_replace:
                fixed_name_num_chars += tsprintf(fixed_name + tchar_nchars,
                                                 T(" (invalid filename #%lu)"),
                                                 ++ctx->invalid_sequence);
-       #if !TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               FREE(tchar_name);
-       #endif
-               dentry->extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
-                                                2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
-               if (!dentry->extraction_name)
+
+               utf16le_put_tstr(tchar_name);
+
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
+                                                  2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
+               if (!dentry->d_extraction_name)
                        return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+skip_dentry:
+       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_delete_from_list, NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate the actual filename component at which each WIM dentry will be
+ * extracted, with special handling for dentries that are unsupported by the
+ * extraction backend or have invalid names.
+ *
+ * ctx->supported_features must be filled in.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM, WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF16_STRING
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                                      struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct list_head *prev, *cur;
+
+       /* Can't use list_for_each_entry() because a call to
+        * dentry_calculate_extraction_name() may delete the current dentry and
+        * its children from the list.  */
+
+       prev = dentry_list;
+       for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+               int ret;
+
+               cur = prev->next;
+               if (cur == dentry_list)
+                       break;
+
+               dentry = list_entry(cur, struct wim_dentry, d_extraction_list_node);
+
+               ret = dentry_calculate_extraction_name(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (prev->next == cur)
+                       prev = cur;
+               else
+                       ; /* Current dentry and its children (which follow in
+                            the list) were deleted.  prev stays the same.  */
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_resolve_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, int extract_flags,
+                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       bool force = false;
+
+       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
+        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
+        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
+        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
+        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+               force = true;
+       ret = inode_resolve_streams(inode, lookup_table, force);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for (u32 i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
+               if (lte)
+                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, resolve all streams in the corresponding
+ * inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_resolve_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                           struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               ret = dentry_resolve_streams(dentry,
+                                            ctx->extract_flags,
+                                            ctx->wim->lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ref_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, unsigned stream_idx,
+          struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct stream_owner *stream_owners;
+
+       if (!lte)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
+        * links).  */
+       if (inode->i_visited && ctx->supported_features.hard_links)
+               return 0;
+
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_streams++;
+
+       if (inode->i_visited)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Add stream to the dentry_list only one time, even if it's going
+        * to be extracted to multiple inodes.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
+               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
+       }
+
+       /* If inode not yet been visited, append it to the stream_owners array.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners)) {
+               stream_owners = lte->inline_stream_owners;
+       } else {
+               struct stream_owner *prev_stream_owners;
+               size_t alloc_stream_owners;
+
+               if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners)) {
+                       prev_stream_owners = NULL;
+                       alloc_stream_owners = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners);
+               } else {
+                       prev_stream_owners = lte->stream_owners;
+                       alloc_stream_owners = lte->alloc_stream_owners;
+               }
+
+               if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_stream_owners) {
+                       alloc_stream_owners *= 2;
+                       stream_owners = REALLOC(prev_stream_owners,
+                                              alloc_stream_owners *
+                                               sizeof(stream_owners[0]));
+                       if (!stream_owners)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       if (!prev_stream_owners) {
+                               memcpy(stream_owners,
+                                      lte->inline_stream_owners,
+                                      sizeof(lte->inline_stream_owners));
+                       }
+                       lte->stream_owners = stream_owners;
+                       lte->alloc_stream_owners = alloc_stream_owners;
+               }
+               stream_owners = lte->stream_owners;
+       }
+       stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].inode = inode;
+       if (stream_idx == 0) {
+               stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].stream_name = NULL;
+       } else {
+               stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].stream_name =
+                       inode->i_ads_entries[stream_idx - 1].stream_name;
+       }
+       lte->out_refcnt++;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ref_unnamed_stream(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+       unsigned stream_idx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *stream;
+
+       if (unlikely(inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (unlikely(ctx->apply_ops->will_externally_back)) {
+               ret = (*ctx->apply_ops->will_externally_back)(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret >= 0) {
+                       if (ret) /* Error */
+                               return ret;
+                       /* Will externally back */
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               /* Won't externally back */
        }
-       return 0;
 
-skip_dentry:
-       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_mark_skipped, NULL);
-       return 0;
+       stream = inode_unnamed_stream_resolved(inode, &stream_idx);
+       return ref_stream(stream, stream_idx, dentry, ctx);
 }
 
-/* Clean up dentry and inode structure after extraction.  */
 static int
-dentry_reset_needs_extraction(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+dentry_ref_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* The unnamed data stream will almost always be extracted, but there
+        * exist cases in which it won't be.  */
+       ret = ref_unnamed_stream(dentry, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       dentry->in_extraction_tree = 0;
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 0;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 0;
-       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 0;
-       inode->i_visited = 0;
-       FREE(inode->i_extracted_file);
-       inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
-       inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
-       if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
-               FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
-       dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
+        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
+        * a linked extraction.  */
+       if (ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams) {
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       if (!inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name_nbytes)
+                               continue;
+                       ret = ref_stream(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte, i + 1,
+                                        dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, iterate through the data streams of the
+ * corresponding inode.  For each such stream that is not to be ignored due to
+ * the supported features or extraction flags, add it to the list of streams to
+ * be extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so.
+ *
+ * Also builds a mapping from each stream to the inodes referencing it.
+ *
+ * This also initializes the extract progress info with byte and stream
+ * information.
+ *
+ * ctx->supported_features must be filled in.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
 static int
-dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
+dentry_list_ref_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_features *features = _features;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               ret = dentry_ref_streams(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+dentry_list_build_inode_alias_lists(struct list_head *dentry_list)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               if (!inode->i_visited)
+                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_extraction_aliases);
+               list_add_tail(&dentry->d_extraction_alias_node,
+                             &inode->i_extraction_aliases);
+               inode->i_visited = 1;
+       }
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+}
 
+static void
+inode_tally_features(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_features *features)
+{
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
                features->archive_files++;
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)
@@ -1907,8 +1206,6 @@ dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
                features->sparse_files++;
        if (inode_has_named_stream(inode))
                features->named_data_streams++;
-       if (inode->i_visited)
-               features->hard_links++;
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
                features->reparse_points++;
                if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
@@ -1918,435 +1215,278 @@ dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
        }
        if (inode->i_security_id != -1)
                features->security_descriptors++;
-       if (dentry->short_name_nbytes)
-               features->short_names++;
        if (inode_has_unix_data(inode))
                features->unix_data++;
-       inode->i_visited = 1;
-       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Tally the features necessary to extract a dentry tree.  */
+/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
 static void
-dentry_tree_get_features(struct wim_dentry *root, struct wim_features *features)
+dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct wim_features *features)
 {
-       memset(features, 0, sizeof(struct wim_features));
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_tally_features, features);
-       dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(root);
-}
-
-static u32
-compute_supported_attributes_mask(const struct wim_features *supported_features)
-{
-       u32 mask = ~(u32)0;
-
-       if (!supported_features->archive_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
-
-       if (!supported_features->hidden_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
-
-       if (!supported_features->system_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       if (!supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED;
+       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry))
+               features->short_names++;
 
-       if (!supported_features->compressed_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED;
+       if (inode->i_visited) {
+               features->hard_links++;
+       } else {
+               inode_tally_features(inode, features);
+               inode->i_visited = 1;
+       }
+}
 
-       if (!supported_features->sparse_files)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+/* Tally the features necessary to extract the specified dentries.  */
+static void
+dentry_list_get_features(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                        struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
 
-       if (!supported_features->reparse_points)
-               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry_tally_features(dentry, features);
 
-       return mask;
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
 }
 
 static int
 do_feature_check(const struct wim_features *required_features,
                 const struct wim_features *supported_features,
-                int extract_flags,
-                const struct apply_operations *ops,
-                const tchar *wim_source_path,
-                bool warn)
+                int extract_flags)
 {
-       const tchar *loc;
-       const tchar *mode = T("this extraction mode");
-
-       if (wim_source_path[0] == '\0')
-               loc = T("the WIM image");
-       else
-               loc = wim_source_path;
-
-       if (warn) {
-               /* We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we want
-                * with FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE (which is a dumb flag anyway).  Don't
-                * bother the user about it.  */
-#if 0
-               if (required_features->archive_files && !supported_features->archive_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as archived, but this attribute\n"
-       "          is not supported in %"TS".",
-                               required_features->archive_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-#endif
-
-               if (required_features->hidden_files && !supported_features->hidden_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as hidden, but this\n"
-       "          attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                               required_features->hidden_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->system_files && !supported_features->system_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as system files,\n"
-       "          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                               required_features->system_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->compressed_files && !supported_features->compressed_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being transparently\n"
-       "          compressed, but transparent compression is not supported in\n"
-       "          %"TS".  These files will be extracted as uncompressed.",
-                               required_features->compressed_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->encrypted_files && !supported_features->encrypted_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
-       "           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
-       "           will not be extracted.",
-                               required_features->encrypted_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
-                   !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu directories in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
-       "           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".\n"
-       "           These directories will be extracted as unencrypted.",
-                               required_features->encrypted_directories, loc, mode);
-               }
+       /* File attributes.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES)) {
+               /* Note: Don't bother the user about FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE.
+                * We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we
+                * want with it.  */
+
+               if (required_features->hidden_files &&
+                   !supported_features->hidden_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN of %lu files",
+                               required_features->hidden_files);
+
+               if (required_features->system_files &&
+                   !supported_features->system_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM of %lu files",
+                               required_features->system_files);
+
+               if (required_features->compressed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->compressed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->compressed_files);
 
                if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
                    !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as not content indexed,\n"
-       "          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                               required_features->not_context_indexed_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->sparse_files && !supported_features->sparse_files)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as sparse, but creating\n"
-       "           sparse files is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
-       "           will be extracted as non-sparse.",
-                               required_features->sparse_files, loc, mode);
-               }
-
-               if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
-                   !supported_features->named_data_streams)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
-       "          data streams, which are not supported in %"TS".\n"
-       "          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
-                               required_features->named_data_streams, loc, mode);
-               }
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->not_context_indexed_files);
 
-               if (unlikely(extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
-                                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK)) &&
-                   required_features->named_data_streams &&
-                   supported_features->named_data_streams)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
-       "          data streams, which are not supported in linked extraction mode.\n"
-       "          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
-                               required_features->named_data_streams, loc);
-               }
+               if (required_features->sparse_files &&
+                   !supported_features->sparse_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE of %lu files",
+                               required_features->sparse_files);
 
-               if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are hard links, but hard links are\n"
-       "          not supported in %"TS".  Hard links will be extracted as\n"
-       "          duplicate copies of the linked files.",
-                               required_features->hard_links, loc, mode);
-               }
+               if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
+                   !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED of %lu directories",
+                               required_features->encrypted_directories);
+       }
 
-               if (required_features->reparse_points && !supported_features->reparse_points)
-               {
-                       if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
-                               if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
-                                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points that are neither\n"
-       "          symbolic links nor junction points and are not supported in\n"
-       "          %"TS".  These reparse points will not be extracted.",
-                                               required_features->other_reparse_points, loc,
-                                               mode);
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points, which are\n"
-       "          not supported in %"TS" and will not be extracted.",
-                                       required_features->reparse_points, loc, mode);
-                       }
-               }
+       /* Encrypted files.  */
+       if (required_features->encrypted_files &&
+           !supported_features->encrypted_files)
+               WARNING("Ignoring %lu encrypted files",
+                       required_features->encrypted_files);
 
-               if (required_features->security_descriptors &&
-                   !supported_features->security_descriptors)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" have Windows NT security descriptors,\n"
-       "          but extracting security descriptors is not supported in\n"
-       "          %"TS".  No security descriptors will be extracted.",
-                               required_features->security_descriptors, loc, mode);
-               }
+       /* Named data streams.  */
+       if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
+           (!supported_features->named_data_streams))
+               WARNING("Ignoring named data streams of %lu files",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams);
 
-               if (required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
-               {
-                       WARNING(
-                 "%lu files in %"TS" have short (DOS) names, but\n"
-       "          extracting short names is not supported in %"TS".\n"
-       "          Short names will not be extracted.\n",
-                               required_features->short_names, loc, mode);
-               }
-       }
+       /* Hard links.  */
+       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+               WARNING("Extracting %lu hard links as independent files",
+                       required_features->hard_links);
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
-           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
-       {
-               ERROR("Extracting UNIX data is not supported in %"TS, mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) &&
-           required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
+       /* Symbolic links and reparse points.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
+           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting short names is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
-           !ops->set_timestamps)
+       if (required_features->reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting timestamps is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
+                       if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
+                               WARNING("Ignoring %lu non-symlink/junction "
+                                       "reparse point files",
+                                       required_features->other_reparse_points);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring %lu reparse point files",
+                               required_features->reparse_points);
+               }
        }
+
+       /* Security descriptors.  */
        if (((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS |
                               WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
             == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) &&
            required_features->security_descriptors &&
            !supported_features->security_descriptors)
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting security descriptors is not supported in %"TS, mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support security descriptors!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+               WARNING("Ignoring Windows NT security descriptors of %lu files",
+                       required_features->security_descriptors);
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) &&
-           !supported_features->hard_links)
+       /* UNIX data.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
+           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
        {
-               ERROR("Hard link extraction mode requested, but "
-                     "%"TS" does not support hard links!", mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support UNIX data!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
-           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
-           !(supported_features->symlink_reparse_points ||
-             supported_features->reparse_points))
+       if (required_features->unix_data &&
+           !(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting symbolic links is not supported in %"TS, mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               WARNING("Ignoring UNIX metadata of %lu files",
+                       required_features->unix_data);
        }
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK) &&
-           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points)
+       /* DOS Names.  */
+       if (required_features->short_names &&
+           !supported_features->short_names)
        {
-               ERROR("Symbolic link extraction mode requested, but "
-                     "%"TS" does not support symbolic "
-                     "links!", mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) {
+                       ERROR("Extraction backend does not support DOS names!");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               }
+               WARNING("Ignoring DOS names of %lu files",
+                       required_features->short_names);
        }
-       return 0;
-}
 
-static void
-do_extract_warnings(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors == 0 &&
-           ctx->no_security_descriptors == 0)
-               return;
-
-       WARNING("Extraction to \"%"TS"\" complete, but with one or more warnings:",
-               ctx->target);
-       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors != 0) {
-               WARNING("- Could only partially set the security descriptor\n"
-                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
-                       ctx->partial_security_descriptors);
-       }
-       if (ctx->no_security_descriptors != 0) {
-               WARNING("- Could not set security descriptor at all\n"
-                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
-                       ctx->no_security_descriptors);
+       /* Timestamps.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
+           !supported_features->timestamps)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support timestamps!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       WARNING("To fully restore all security descriptors, run the program\n"
-               "          with Administrator rights.");
-#endif
-}
 
-static int
-dentry_set_skipped(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       dentry->in_extraction_tree = 1;
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 1;
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-dentry_set_not_skipped(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+static const struct apply_operations *
+select_apply_operations(int extract_flags)
 {
-       dentry->in_extraction_tree = 1;
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 0;
-       return 0;
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
+               return &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
+#endif
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       return &win32_apply_ops;
+#else
+       return &unix_apply_ops;
+#endif
 }
 
 static int
 extract_trees(WIMStruct *wim, struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees,
-             const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
-             int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+             const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
-       struct wim_features required_features;
-       struct apply_ctx ctx;
+       const struct apply_operations *ops;
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx;
        int ret;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
 
-       wimlib_assert(num_trees != 0);
-       wimlib_assert(target != NULL);
-
-       if (num_trees > 1)
-               wimlib_assert((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE));
-
-       /* Start initializing the apply_ctx.  */
-       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(struct apply_ctx));
-       ctx.wim = wim;
-       ctx.extract_flags = extract_flags;
-       ctx.target = target;
-       ctx.target_nchars = tstrlen(target);
-       ctx.progress_func = progress_func;
-       if (progress_func) {
-               ctx.progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
-               ctx.progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
-               ctx.progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
-                                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
-               ctx.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
-                                                                       wim->current_image);
-               ctx.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = wim_source_path;
-               ctx.progress.extract.target = target;
-       }
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE) {
-               /* Path mode --- there may be multiple trees, and targets are
-                * set relative to the root of the image.
-                *
-                * Consider all dentries to be in the extraction tree, but
-                * assume all to be skipped unless in one of the subtrees being
-                * extracted or one of the ancestors of the subtrees up to the
-                * image root.  */
-               ctx.extract_root = wim_root_dentry(wim);
-               for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_set_skipped, NULL);
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
+               ret = extract_dentries_to_stdout(trees, num_trees,
+                                                wim->lookup_table);
+               goto out;
+       }
 
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
-                       struct wim_dentry *d;
+       num_trees = remove_duplicate_trees(trees, num_trees);
+       num_trees = remove_contained_trees(trees, num_trees);
 
-                       for_dentry_in_tree(trees[i], dentry_set_not_skipped, NULL);
-                       d = trees[i];
-                       while (d != ctx.extract_root) {
-                               d = d->parent;
-                               dentry_set_not_skipped(d, NULL);
-                       }
-               }
-       } else {
-               ctx.extract_root = trees[0];
-               for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_set_not_skipped, NULL);
-       }
+       ops = select_apply_operations(extract_flags);
 
-       /* Select the appropriate apply_operations based on the
-        * platform and extract_flags.  */
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       ctx.ops = &win32_apply_ops;
-#else
-       ctx.ops = &unix_apply_ops;
-#endif
+       if (num_trees > 1 && ops->single_tree_only) {
+               ERROR("Extracting multiple directory trees "
+                     "at once is not supported in %s extraction mode!",
+                     ops->name);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               goto out;
+       }
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
-               ctx.ops = &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
-#endif
+       ctx = CALLOC(1, ops->context_size);
+       if (!ctx) {
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               goto out;
+       }
 
-       /* Call the start_extract() callback.  This gives the apply_operations
-        * implementation a chance to do any setup needed to access the volume.
-        * Furthermore, it's expected to set the supported features of this
-        * extraction mode (ctx.supported_features), which are determined at
-        * runtime as they may vary depending on the actual volume.  These
-        * features are then compared with the actual features extracting this
-        * dentry tree requires.  Some mismatches will merely produce warnings
-        * and the unsupported data will be ignored; others will produce errors.
-        */
-       ret = ctx.ops->start_extract(target, &ctx);
+       ctx->wim = wim;
+       ctx->target = target;
+       ctx->target_nchars = tstrlen(target);
+       ctx->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       if (ctx->wim->progfunc) {
+               ctx->progfunc = ctx->wim->progfunc;
+               ctx->progctx = ctx->wim->progctx;
+               ctx->progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
+               ctx->progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
+                                                      WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
+               ctx->progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
+               ctx->progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
+                                                                        wim->current_image);
+               ctx->progress.extract.target = target;
+       }
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->stream_list);
+       filedes_invalidate(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+       ctx->apply_ops = ops;
+
+       ret = (*ops->get_supported_features)(target, &ctx->supported_features);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
-
-       /* Get and check the features required to extract the dentry tree.  */
-       dentry_tree_get_features(ctx.extract_root, &required_features);
-       ret = do_feature_check(&required_features, &ctx.supported_features,
-                              extract_flags, ctx.ops,
-                              wim_source_path,
-                              !(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE));
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       build_dentry_list(&dentry_list, trees, num_trees,
+                         !(extract_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE));
+
+       dentry_list_get_features(&dentry_list, &ctx->required_features);
+
+       ret = do_feature_check(&ctx->required_features, &ctx->supported_features,
+                              ctx->extract_flags);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
-
-       ctx.supported_attributes_mask =
-               compute_supported_attributes_mask(&ctx.supported_features);
-
-       /* Figure out whether the root dentry is being extracted to the root of
-        * a volume and therefore needs to be treated "specially", for example
-        * not being explicitly created and not having attributes set.  */
-       if (ctx.ops->target_is_root && ctx.ops->root_directory_is_special)
-               ctx.root_dentry_is_special = ctx.ops->target_is_root(target);
-
-       /* Calculate the actual filename component of each extracted dentry.  In
-        * the process, set the dentry->extraction_skipped flag on dentries that
-        * are being skipped because of filename or supported features problems.  */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
-                                dentry_calculate_extraction_path, &ctx);
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       ret = dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(&dentry_list, ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       if (unlikely(list_empty(&dentry_list))) {
+               WARNING("There is nothing to extract!");
+               goto out_cleanup;
+       }
 
-       /* Build the list of the streams that need to be extracted and
-        * initialize ctx.progress.extract with stream information.  */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
-                                dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt, &ctx);
+       ret = dentry_list_resolve_streams(&dentry_list, ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       dentry_list_build_inode_alias_lists(&dentry_list);
 
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
-                                dentry_add_streams_to_extract, &ctx);
+       ret = dentry_list_ref_streams(&dentry_list, ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+               goto out_cleanup;
 
        if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
                /* When extracting from a pipe, the number of bytes of data to
@@ -2359,261 +1499,75 @@ extract_trees(WIMStruct *wim, struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees,
                 * but currently there is no API for doing otherwise.  (Also,
                 * subtract <HARDLINKBYTES> from this if hard links are
                 * supported by the extraction mode.)  */
-               ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes =
+               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes =
                        wim_info_get_image_total_bytes(wim->wim_info,
                                                       wim->current_image);
-               if (ctx.supported_features.hard_links) {
-                       ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes -=
+               if (ctx->supported_features.hard_links) {
+                       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes -=
                                wim_info_get_image_hard_link_bytes(wim->wim_info,
                                                                   wim->current_image);
                }
        }
 
-       /* Handle the special case of extracting a file to standard
-        * output.  In that case, "root" should be a single file, not a
-        * directory tree.  (If not, extract_dentry_to_stdout() will
-        * return an error.)  */
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
-               ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(ctx.extract_root);
-               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
-       }
-
-       if (ctx.ops->realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files &&
-           ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) ||
-            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
-       {
-               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
-               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_teardown_stream_list;
-               }
-               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
-       }
-
-       if (progress_func) {
-               int msg;
-               if (*wim_source_path || (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE))
-                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN;
-               else
-                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
-               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
-       }
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                              ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE) ?
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN :
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN));
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
 
-       if (!ctx.root_dentry_is_special)
-       {
-               tchar path[ctx.ops->path_max];
-               if (build_extraction_path(path, ctx.extract_root, &ctx))
-               {
-                       ret = extract_inode(path, &ctx, ctx.extract_root->d_inode);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_realtarget;
-               }
-       }
+       ret = (*ops->extract)(&dentry_list, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
 
-       /* If we need to fix up the targets of absolute symbolic links
-        * (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) or the extraction mode requires paths to
-        * be absolute, use realpath() (or its replacement on Windows) to get
-        * the absolute path to the extraction target.  Note that this requires
-        * the target directory to exist, unless
-        * realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files is set in the apply_operations.
-        * */
-       if (!ctx.realtarget &&
-           (((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
-             required_features.symlink_reparse_points) ||
-            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
+       if (ctx->progress.extract.completed_bytes <
+           ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes)
        {
-               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
-               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_realtarget;
-               }
-               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
-       }
-
-       if (ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering) {
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_extract_dir_skeleton,
-                                        &ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_realtarget;
-       }
-
-       /* Finally, the important part: extract the tree of files.  */
-       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
-               /* Sequential extraction requested, so two passes are needed
-                * (one for directory structure, one for streams.)  */
-               if (progress_func)
-                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
-                                     &ctx.progress);
-
-               if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)) {
-                       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_extract_skeleton, &ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_free_realtarget;
-               }
-               if (progress_func)
-                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
-                                     &ctx.progress);
-               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
-                       ret = extract_streams_from_pipe(&ctx);
-               else
-                       ret = extract_stream_list(&ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_realtarget;
-       } else {
-               /* Sequential extraction was not requested, so we can make do
-                * with one pass where we both create the files and extract
-                * streams.   */
-               if (progress_func)
-                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
-                                     &ctx.progress);
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_extract, &ctx);
+               ctx->progress.extract.completed_bytes =
+                       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes;
+               ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_realtarget;
-               if (progress_func)
-                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
-                                     &ctx.progress);
+                       goto out_cleanup;
        }
 
-       /* If the total number of bytes to extract was miscalculated, just jump
-        * to the calculated number in order to avoid confusing the progress
-        * function.  This should only occur when extracting from a pipe.  */
-       if (ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes != ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
-       {
-               DEBUG("Calculated %"PRIu64" bytes to extract, but actually "
-                     "extracted %"PRIu64,
-                     ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes,
-                     ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes);
-       }
-       if (progress_func &&
-           ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes < ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
-       {
-               ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes = ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes;
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, &ctx.progress);
-       }
-
-       /* Apply security descriptors and timestamps.  This is done at the end,
-        * and in a depth-first manner, to prevent timestamps from getting
-        * changed by subsequent extract operations and to minimize the chance
-        * of the restored security descriptors getting in our way.  */
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS,
-                             &ctx.progress);
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(ctx.extract_root, dentry_extract_final, &ctx);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_realtarget;
-
-       if (progress_func) {
-               int msg;
-               if (*wim_source_path || (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE))
-                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END;
-               else
-                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END;
-               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
-       }
-
-       do_extract_warnings(&ctx);
-
-       ret = 0;
-out_free_realtarget:
-       FREE(ctx.realtarget);
-out_teardown_stream_list:
-       /* Free memory allocated as part of the mapping from each
-        * wim_lookup_table_entry to the dentries that reference it.  */
-       if (!(ctx.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
-               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx.stream_list, extraction_list)
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
-                               FREE(lte->lte_dentries);
-out_finish_or_abort_extract:
-       if (ret) {
-               if (ctx.ops->abort_extract)
-                       ctx.ops->abort_extract(&ctx);
-       } else {
-               if (ctx.ops->finish_extract)
-                       ret = ctx.ops->finish_extract(&ctx);
-       }
-out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction:
-       for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root, dentry_reset_needs_extraction, NULL);
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                              ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE) ?
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END :
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END));
+out_cleanup:
+       destroy_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list);
+       destroy_dentry_list(&dentry_list);
+       FREE(ctx);
+out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * extract_tree - Extract a file or directory tree from the currently selected
- *               WIM image.
- *
- * @wim:       WIMStruct for the WIM file, with the desired image selected
- *             (as wim->current_image).
- *
- * @wim_source_path:
- *             "Canonical" (i.e. no leading or trailing slashes, path
- *             separators WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) path inside the WIM image to
- *             extract.  An empty string means the full image.
- *
- * @target:
- *             Filesystem path to extract the file or directory tree to.
- *             (Or, with WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS: the name of a NTFS volume.)
- *
- * @extract_flags:
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.  Also, the private flag
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE will be set if this is being
- *             called through wimlib_extract_image() with WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES as
- *             the image.
- *
- * @progress_func:
- *             If non-NULL, progress function for the extraction.  The messages
- *             that may be sent in this function are:
- *
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; a positive WIMLIB_ERR_* code on failure.
- */
 static int
-extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path,
-            const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
-            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+mkdir_if_needed(const tchar *target)
 {
-       struct wim_dentry *root;
+       if (!tmkdir(target, 0755))
+               return 0;
 
-       root = get_dentry(wim, wim_source_path, WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
+       if (errno == EEXIST)
+               return 0;
 
-       if (root == NULL) {
-                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist in WIM image %d",
-                       wim_source_path, wim->current_image);
-                 return WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-       }
-       return extract_trees(wim, &root, 1, wim_source_path,
-                            target, extract_flags, progress_func);
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       /* _wmkdir() fails with EACCES if called on a drive root directory.  */
+       if (errno == EACCES)
+               return 0;
+#endif
+
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory \"%"TS"\"", target);
+       return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
 }
 
-/* Validates a single wimlib_extract_command, mostly checking to make sure the
- * extract flags make sense. */
+/* Make sure the extraction flags make sense, and update them if needed.  */
 static int
-check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
+check_extract_flags(const WIMStruct *wim, int *extract_flags_p)
 {
-       int extract_flags;
-
-       /* Empty destination path? */
-       if (cmd->fs_dest_path[0] == T('\0'))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       extract_flags = cmd->extract_flags;
+       int extract_flags = *extract_flags_p;
 
        /* Check for invalid flag combinations  */
-       if ((extract_flags &
-            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                                WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
        if ((extract_flags &
             (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
@@ -2627,201 +1581,192 @@ check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
                                                WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-       if ((extract_flags &
-            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME |
-             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)) == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
 #ifndef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
                ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so\n"
-                     "        we cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume.");
+                     "        it cannot apply a WIM image directly to an NTFS volume.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT) {
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+               if (!wim->filename)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NO_FILENAME;
+#else
+               ERROR("WIMBoot extraction is only supported on Windows!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
 #endif
        }
 
+
        if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == 0)
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)) ==
+                                       WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
        {
-               /* Do reparse point fixups by default if the WIM header says
-                * they are enabled and we are extracting a full image. */
-               if (wim_header_flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
+               /* For full-image extraction, do reparse point fixups by default
+                * if the WIM header says they are enabled.  */
+               if (wim->hdr.flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX;
        }
 
-       /* TODO: Since UNIX data entries are stored in the file resources, in a
-        * completely sequential extraction they may come up before the
-        * corresponding file or symbolic link data.  This needs to be handled
-        * better.  */
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
-                                   == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA)
-       {
-               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
-                       WARNING("Setting UNIX file/owner group may "
-                               "be impossible on some\n"
-                               "          symbolic links "
-                               "when applying from a pipe.");
-               } else {
-                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER;
-                       WARNING("Disabling sequential extraction for "
-                               "UNIX data mode");
-               }
-       }
-
-       cmd->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       *extract_flags_p = extract_flags;
        return 0;
 }
 
+static u32
+get_wildcard_flags(int extract_flags)
+{
+       u32 wildcard_flags = 0;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_ERROR_IF_NO_MATCH;
+       else
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_WARN_IF_NO_MATCH;
+
+       if (default_ignore_case)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+
+       return wildcard_flags;
+}
+
+struct append_dentry_ctx {
+       struct wim_dentry **dentries;
+       size_t num_dentries;
+       size_t num_alloc_dentries;
+};
+
+static int
+append_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct append_dentry_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (ctx->num_dentries == ctx->num_alloc_dentries) {
+               struct wim_dentry **new_dentries;
+               size_t new_length;
+
+               new_length = max(ctx->num_alloc_dentries + 8,
+                                ctx->num_alloc_dentries * 3 / 2);
+               new_dentries = REALLOC(ctx->dentries,
+                                      new_length * sizeof(ctx->dentries[0]));
+               if (new_dentries == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               ctx->dentries = new_dentries;
+               ctx->num_alloc_dentries = new_length;
+       }
+       ctx->dentries[ctx->num_dentries++] = dentry;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-/* Internal function to execute extraction commands for a WIM image.  The paths
- * in the extract commands are expected to be already "canonicalized".  */
 static int
-do_wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                       int image,
-                       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                       size_t num_cmds,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+do_wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                       int extract_flags)
 {
        int ret;
-       bool found_link_cmd = false;
-       bool found_nolink_cmd = false;
+       struct wim_dentry **trees;
+       size_t num_trees;
+
+       if (wim == NULL || target == NULL || target[0] == T('\0') ||
+           (num_paths != 0 && paths == NULL))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = check_extract_flags(wim, &extract_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       /* Select the image from which we are extracting files */
        ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Make sure there are no streams in the WIM that have not been
-        * checksummed yet.  */
        ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Check for problems with the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = check_extract_command(&cmds[i], wim->hdr.flags);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-               if (cmds[i].extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) {
-                       found_link_cmd = true;
-               } else {
-                       found_nolink_cmd = true;
-               }
-               if (found_link_cmd && found_nolink_cmd) {
-                       ERROR("Symlink or hardlink extraction mode must "
-                             "be set on all extraction commands");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Execute the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = extract_tree(wim,
-                                  cmds[i].wim_source_path,
-                                  cmds[i].fs_dest_path,
-                                  cmds[i].extract_flags,
-                                  progress_func);
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE)) ==
+           (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE))
+       {
+               ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
-       return 0;
-}
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                    size_t num_cmds,
-                    int default_extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds_copy;
-       int all_flags = 0;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
 
-       default_extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+               struct append_dentry_ctx append_dentry_ctx = {
+                       .dentries = NULL,
+                       .num_dentries = 0,
+                       .num_alloc_dentries = 0,
+               };
 
-       if (num_cmds == 0)
-               return 0;
+               u32 wildcard_flags = get_wildcard_flags(extract_flags);
 
-       cmds_copy = CALLOC(num_cmds, sizeof(cmds[0]));
-       if (!cmds_copy)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+                       ret = expand_wildcard(wim, path,
+                                             append_dentry_cb,
+                                             &append_dentry_ctx,
+                                             wildcard_flags);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+               }
+               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+               num_trees = append_dentry_ctx.num_dentries;
+       } else {
+               trees = MALLOC(num_paths * sizeof(trees[0]));
+               if (trees == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               cmds_copy[i].extract_flags = (default_extract_flags |
-                                                cmds[i].extract_flags)
-                                               & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-               all_flags |= cmds_copy[i].extract_flags;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
 
-               cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path = canonicalize_wim_path(cmds[i].wim_source_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
-               }
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
 
-               cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path = canonicalize_fs_path(cmds[i].fs_dest_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
+                       trees[i] = get_dentry(wim, path,
+                                             WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (trees[i] == NULL) {
+                                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist "
+                                       "in WIM image %d",
+                                       paths[i], wim->current_image);
+                                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
+                                 goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
                }
-
+               num_trees = num_paths;
        }
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image,
-                                     cmds_copy, num_cmds,
-                                     progress_func);
 
-       if (all_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
-       }
-out_free_cmds_copy:
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path);
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path);
+       if (num_trees == 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out_free_trees;
        }
-       FREE(cmds_copy);
+
+       ret = extract_trees(wim, trees, num_trees, target, extract_flags);
+out_free_trees:
+       FREE(trees);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts an image from a WIM file.
- *
- * @wim:               WIMStruct for the WIM file.
- *
- * @image:             Number of the single image to extract.
- *
- * @target:            Directory or NTFS volume to extract the image to.
- *
- * @extract_flags:     Bitwise or of WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.
- *
- * @progress_func:     If non-NULL, a progress function to be called
- *                     periodically.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
 static int
 extract_single_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
-                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
-       int ret;
-       tchar *target_copy = canonicalize_fs_path(target);
-       if (target_copy == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command cmd = {
-               .wim_source_path = T(""),
-               .fs_dest_path = target_copy,
-               .extract_flags = extract_flags,
-       };
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image, &cmd, 1, progress_func);
-       FREE(target_copy);
-       return ret;
+       const tchar *path = WIMLIB_WIM_ROOT_PATH;
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, &path, 1, extract_flags);
 }
 
 static const tchar * const filename_forbidden_chars =
@@ -2847,10 +1792,7 @@ image_name_ok_as_dir(const tchar *image_name)
 /* Extracts all images from the WIM to the directory @target, with the images
  * placed in subdirectories named by their image names. */
 static int
-extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
-                  const tchar *target,
-                  int extract_flags,
-                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
        size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(wim), 20);
        size_t output_path_len = tstrlen(target);
@@ -2858,30 +1800,15 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
        int ret;
        int image;
        const tchar *image_name;
-       struct stat stbuf;
-
-       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
 
        if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
                ERROR("Cannot extract multiple images in NTFS extraction mode.");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
 
-       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
-               if (errno == ENOENT) {
-                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
-               }
-       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
-       }
-
+       ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
        tmemcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
        buf[output_path_len] = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
        for (image = 1; image <= wim->hdr.image_count; image++) {
@@ -2893,8 +1820,7 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
                         * Use image number instead. */
                        tsprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, T("%d"), image);
                }
-               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags,
-                                          progress_func);
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
@@ -2902,37 +1828,68 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
 }
 
 static int
-do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
-                       int image,
-                       const tchar *target,
-                       int extract_flags,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
+               return extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags);
+       else
+               return extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                          Extraction API                                  *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                    int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, paths, num_paths,
+                                      extract_flags);
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_pathlist(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar *path_list_file, int extract_flags)
 {
        int ret;
+       tchar **paths;
+       size_t num_paths;
+       void *mem;
 
-       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               ret = extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags,
-                                        progress_func);
-       } else {
-               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
-                                          progress_func);
+       ret = read_path_list_file(path_list_file, &paths, &num_paths, &mem);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR("Failed to read path list file \"%"TS"\"",
+                     path_list_file);
+               return ret;
        }
 
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file,
-                                      NULL);
-       }
+       ret = wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
+                                  (const tchar * const *)paths, num_paths,
+                                  extract_flags);
+       FREE(paths);
+       FREE(mem);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
-                              const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
-                              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe_with_progress(int pipe_fd,
+                                            const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                                            const tchar *target,
+                                            int extract_flags,
+                                            wimlib_progress_func_t progfunc,
+                                            void *progctx)
 {
        int ret;
        WIMStruct *pwm;
@@ -2940,18 +1897,15 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
        int image;
        unsigned i;
 
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT)
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
        /* Read the WIM header from the pipe and get a WIMStruct to represent
         * the pipable WIM.  Caveats:  Unlike getting a WIMStruct with
         * wimlib_open_wim(), getting a WIMStruct in this way will result in
         * an empty lookup table, no XML data read, and no filename set.  */
-       ret = open_wim_as_WIMStruct(&pipe_fd,
-                                   WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_FROM_PIPE,
-                                   &pwm, progress_func);
+       ret = open_wim_as_WIMStruct(&pipe_fd, WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_FROM_PIPE, &pwm,
+                                   progfunc, progctx);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
@@ -3003,7 +1957,7 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
 
                if (wim_info_get_num_images(pwm->wim_info) != pwm->hdr.image_count) {
                        ERROR("Image count in XML data is not the same as in WIM header.");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_XML;
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_IMAGE_COUNT;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
        }
@@ -3018,7 +1972,7 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                } else if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported.");
+                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported!");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
@@ -3066,9 +2020,9 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                }
 
                if (i == image) {
-                       /* Metadata resource is for the images being extracted.
+                       /* Metadata resource is for the image being extracted.
                         * Parse it and save the metadata in memory.  */
-                       ret = read_metadata_resource(pwm, imd);
+                       ret = read_metadata_resource(imd);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_wimlib_free;
                        imd->modified = 1;
@@ -3082,162 +2036,31 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
        }
        /* Extract the image.  */
        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE;
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_image(pwm, image, target,
-                                     extract_flags, progress_func);
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_image(pwm, image, target, extract_flags);
        /* Clean up and return.  */
 out_wimlib_free:
        wimlib_free(pwm);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const tchar *target,
-                    int extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-       return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
-                                      progress_func);
-}
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_pathlist(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
-                       const tchar *target,
-                       const tchar *path_list_file,
-                       int extract_flags,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
-       int ret;
-       tchar **paths;
-       size_t num_paths;
-       void *mem;
-
-       ret = read_path_list_file(path_list_file, &paths, &num_paths, &mem);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       ret = wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
-                                  (const tchar * const *)paths, num_paths,
-                                  extract_flags, progress_func);
-       FREE(paths);
-       FREE(mem);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-struct append_dentry_ctx {
-       struct wim_dentry **dentries;
-       size_t num_dentries;
-       size_t num_alloc_dentries;
-};
-
-static int
-append_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                              const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
-       struct append_dentry_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-
-       if (ctx->num_dentries == ctx->num_alloc_dentries) {
-               struct wim_dentry **new_dentries;
-               size_t new_length;
-
-               new_length = max(ctx->num_alloc_dentries + 8,
-                                ctx->num_alloc_dentries * 3 / 2);
-               new_dentries = REALLOC(ctx->dentries,
-                                      new_length * sizeof(ctx->dentries[0]));
-               if (new_dentries == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               ctx->dentries = new_dentries;
-               ctx->num_alloc_dentries = new_length;
-       }
-       ctx->dentries[ctx->num_dentries++] = dentry;
-       return 0;
+       return wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe_with_progress(pipe_fd,
+                                                           image_num_or_name,
+                                                           target,
+                                                           extract_flags,
+                                                           NULL,
+                                                           NULL);
 }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const tchar *target,
-                    const tchar * const *paths,
-                    size_t num_paths,
-                    int extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    int extract_flags)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct append_dentry_ctx append_dentry_ctx = {
-               .dentries = NULL,
-               .num_dentries = 0,
-               .num_alloc_dentries = 0,
-       };
-       struct wim_dentry **trees;
-       size_t num_trees;
-
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-
-       if (target == NULL || (num_paths != 0 && paths == NULL))
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
-               u32 wildcard_flags = 0;
-
-               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB)
-                       wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_ERROR_IF_NO_MATCH;
-               else
-                       wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_WARN_IF_NO_MATCH;
-
-               if (default_ignore_case)
-                       wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
-
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
-                       ret = expand_wildcard(wim, paths[i],
-                                             append_dentry_cb,
-                                             &append_dentry_ctx,
-                                             wildcard_flags);
-                       if (ret) {
-                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
-                               goto out_free_trees;
-                       }
-               }
-               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
-               num_trees = append_dentry_ctx.num_dentries;
-       } else {
-               trees = MALLOC(num_paths * sizeof(trees[0]));
-               if (trees == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
-                       trees[i] = get_dentry(wim, paths[i],
-                                             WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
-                       if (trees[i] == NULL) {
-                                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist "
-                                       "in WIM image %d",
-                                       paths[i], wim->current_image);
-                                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-                                 goto out_free_trees;
-                       }
-               }
-               num_trees = num_paths;
-       }
-
-       if (num_trees == 0) {
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out_free_trees;
-       }
-
-       ret = extract_trees(wim, trees, num_trees,
-                           T(""), target,
-                           ((extract_flags &
-                               ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS)
-                               | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_PATHMODE),
-                           progress_func);
-out_free_trees:
-       FREE(trees);
-       return ret;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags);
 }