]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/extract.c
Improve tstr <=> UTF-16LE conversions
[wimlib] / src / extract.c
index 90b6ce39eca37c69e36b420a6a775c65c21c8eab..a4029ec23f39c718497e57d992d6de752917a63f 100644 (file)
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 /*
  * extract.c
  *
- * Support for extracting WIM files.
- *
- * This code does NOT contain any filesystem-specific features.  In particular,
- * security information (i.e. file permissions) and alternate data streams are
- * ignored, except possibly to read an alternate data stream that contains
- * symbolic link data.
+ * Support for extracting WIM images, or files or directories contained in a WIM
+ * image.
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Carl Thijssen
- * Copyright (C) 2012 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
+/*
+ * This file provides the API functions wimlib_extract_image(),
+ * wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(), wimlib_extract_paths(), and
+ * wimlib_extract_pathlist().  Internally, all end up calling
+ * do_wimlib_extract_paths() and extract_trees().
+ *
+ * Although wimlib supports multiple extraction modes/backends (NTFS-3g, UNIX,
+ * Win32), this file does not itself have code to extract files or directories
+ * to any specific target; instead, it handles generic functionality and relies
+ * on lower-level callback functions declared in `struct apply_operations' to do
+ * the actual extraction.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
 
-#include "config.h"
+#include "wimlib/apply.h"
+#include "wimlib/dentry.h"
+#include "wimlib/encoding.h"
+#include "wimlib/endianness.h"
+#include "wimlib/error.h"
+#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/pathlist.h"
+#include "wimlib/paths.h"
+#include "wimlib/reparse.h"
+#include "wimlib/resource.h"
+#include "wimlib/security.h"
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+#  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* for realpath() equivalent */
+#endif
+#include "wimlib/xml.h"
+#include "wimlib/wildcard.h"
+#include "wimlib/wim.h"
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-
-#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
-#include <utime.h>
-#endif
-
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "dentry.h"
-#include "lookup_table.h"
-#include "timestamp.h"
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
-#include "xml.h"
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE 0x80000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x40000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE   0x20000000
+
+/* Keep in sync with wimlib.h  */
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC                             \
+       (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS                       |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK                   |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX                      |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS          |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS            |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME                     |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES              |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT)
+
+static bool
+dentry_in_list(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       return dentry->extraction_list.next != NULL;
+}
 
+static inline bool
+is_linked_extraction(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       return 0 != (ctx->extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
+                                          WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK));
+}
 
-static int extract_regular_file_linked(const struct dentry *dentry,
-                                      const char *output_dir,
-                                      const char *output_path,
-                                      int extract_flags,
-                                      struct lookup_table_entry *lte)
+static inline bool
+can_extract_named_data_streams(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       /* This mode overrides the normal hard-link extraction and
-        * instead either symlinks or hardlinks *all* identical files in
-        * the WIM, even if they are in a different image (in the case
-        * of a multi-image extraction) */
-       wimlib_assert(lte->extracted_file != NULL);
+       return ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams &&
+               !is_linked_extraction(ctx);
+}
+/* Inform library user of progress of stream extraction following the successful
+ * extraction of a copy of the stream specified by @lte.  */
+static void
+update_extract_progress(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+{
+       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func = ctx->progress_func;
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) {
-               if (link(lte->extracted_file, output_path) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to hard link "
-                                        "`%s' to `%s'",
-                                        output_path, lte->extracted_file);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
+       progress->extract.completed_bytes += lte->size;
+       if (progress_func &&
+           progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress)
+       {
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, progress);
+               if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >=
+                   progress->extract.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       ctx->next_progress = ~0ULL;
+               } else {
+                       ctx->next_progress += progress->extract.total_bytes / 128;
+                       if (ctx->next_progress > progress->extract.total_bytes)
+                               ctx->next_progress = progress->extract.total_bytes;
                }
-       } else {
-               int num_path_components;
-               int num_output_dir_path_components;
-               size_t extracted_file_len;
-               char *p;
-               const char *p2;
-               size_t i;
-
-               wimlib_assert(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK);
+       }
+}
 
-               num_path_components =
-                       get_num_path_components(dentry->full_path_utf8) - 1;
-               num_output_dir_path_components =
-                       get_num_path_components(output_dir);
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+/* Extract a symbolic link (not directly as reparse data), handling fixing up
+ * the target of absolute symbolic links and updating the extract progress.
+ *
+ * @inode must specify the WIM inode for a symbolic link or junction reparse
+ * point.
+ *
+ * @lte_override overrides the resource used as the reparse data for the
+ * symbolic link.  */
+static int
+extract_symlink(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+               struct wim_inode *inode,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
+{
+       ssize_t bufsize = ctx->ops->path_max;
+       tchar target[bufsize];
+       tchar *buf = target;
+       tchar *fixed_target;
+       ssize_t sret;
+       int ret;
 
-               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE) {
-                       num_path_components++;
-                       num_output_dir_path_components--;
-               }
-               extracted_file_len = strlen(lte->extracted_file);
+       /* If absolute symbolic link fixups requested, reserve space in the link
+        * target buffer for the absolute path of the target directory.  */
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX)
+       {
+               buf += ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+               bufsize -= ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+       }
 
-               char buf[extracted_file_len + 3 * num_path_components + 1];
-               p = &buf[0];
+       /* Translate the WIM inode's reparse data into the link target.  */
+       sret = wim_inode_readlink(inode, buf, bufsize - 1, lte_override);
+       if (sret < 0) {
+               errno = -sret;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READLINK;
+       }
+       buf[sret] = '\0';
 
-               for (i = 0; i < num_path_components; i++) {
-                       *p++ = '.';
-                       *p++ = '.';
-                       *p++ = '/';
-               }
-               p2 = lte->extracted_file;
-               while (*p2 == '/')
-                       p2++;
-               while (num_output_dir_path_components--)
-                       p2 = path_next_part(p2, NULL);
-               strcpy(p, p2);
-               if (symlink(buf, output_path) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to symlink `%s' to "
-                                        "`%s'",
-                                        buf, lte->extracted_file);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
-               }
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+           buf[0] == '/')
+       {
+               /* Fix absolute symbolic link target to point into the
+                * actual extraction destination.  */
+               tmemcpy(target, ctx->realtarget, ctx->realtarget_nchars);
+               fixed_target = target;
+       } else {
+               /* Keep same link target.  */
+               fixed_target = buf;
+       }
 
+       /* Call into the apply_operations to create the symbolic link.  */
+       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+             path, fixed_target);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(fixed_target, path, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", path, fixed_target);
+               return ret;
        }
+
+       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
+       update_extract_progress(ctx,
+                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
+                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
        return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
 
-static int extract_regular_file_unlinked(WIMStruct *w,
-                                        struct dentry *dentry,
-                                        const char *output_path,
-                                        int extract_flags,
-                                        struct lookup_table_entry *lte)
+/* Create a file, directory, or symbolic link.  */
+static int
+extract_inode(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_inode *inode)
 {
-       /* Normal mode of extraction.  Regular files and hard links are
-        * extracted in the way that they appear in the WIM. */
-
-       int out_fd;
        int ret;
-       struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       if (!((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE)
-               && (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                    WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))))
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points &&
+           inode_is_symlink(inode))
        {
-               /* If the dentry is one of a hard link set of at least 2
-                * dentries and one of the other dentries has already been
-                * extracted, make a hard link to the file corresponding to this
-                * already-extracted directory.  Otherwise, extract the file,
-                * and set the inode->extracted_file field so that other
-                * dentries in the hard link group can link to it. */
-               if (inode->link_count > 1) {
-                       if (inode->extracted_file) {
-                               DEBUG("Extracting hard link `%s' => `%s'",
-                                     output_path, inode->extracted_file);
-                               if (link(inode->extracted_file, output_path) != 0) {
-                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to hard link "
-                                                        "`%s' to `%s'",
-                                                        output_path,
-                                                        inode->extracted_file);
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
-                               }
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-                       FREE(inode->extracted_file);
-                       inode->extracted_file = STRDUP(output_path);
-                       if (!inode->extracted_file) {
-                               ERROR("Failed to allocate memory for filename");
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       }
+               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, NULL);
+       } else
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->create_directory(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the directory "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+               }
+       } else if ((inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) &&
+                   ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file &&
+                   ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
+                               path, inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode), ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create and extract "
+                                        "encrypted file \"%"TS"\"", path);
+               }
+       } else {
+               ret = ctx->ops->create_file(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the file "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
                }
        }
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       /* Extract the contents of the file to @output_path. */
+static int
+extract_hardlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
+                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
 
-       out_fd = open(output_path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
-       if (out_fd == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file `%s' for writing",
-                                output_path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       DEBUG("Creating hardlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", newpath, oldpath);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_hardlink(oldpath, newpath, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create hardlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+                                newpath, oldpath);
        }
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       if (!lte) {
-               /* Empty file with no lookup table entry */
-               DEBUG("Empty file `%s'.", output_path);
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
-       }
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+static int
+try_extract_rpfix(u8 *rpbuf,
+                 u16 *rpbuflen_p,
+                 const wchar_t *extract_root_realpath,
+                 unsigned extract_root_realpath_nchars)
+{
+       struct reparse_data rpdata;
+       wchar_t *target;
+       size_t target_nchars;
+       size_t stripped_nchars;
+       wchar_t *stripped_target;
+       wchar_t stripped_target_nchars;
+       int ret;
 
-       ret = extract_full_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, out_fd);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR("Failed to extract resource to `%s'", output_path);
-               goto out;
-       }
+       utf16lechar *new_target;
+       utf16lechar *new_print_name;
+       size_t new_target_nchars;
+       size_t new_print_name_nchars;
+       utf16lechar *p;
 
-out:
-       if (close(out_fd) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close file `%s'", output_path);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
+       ret = parse_reparse_data(rpbuf, *rpbuflen_p, &rpdata);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-/*
- * Extracts a regular file from the WIM archive.
- */
-static int extract_regular_file(WIMStruct *w,
-                               struct dentry *dentry,
-                               const char *output_dir,
-                               const char *output_path,
-                               int extract_flags)
-{
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       const struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, w->lookup_table);
-
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) && lte) {
-               if (lte->extracted_file) {
-                       return extract_regular_file_linked(dentry, output_dir,
-                                                          output_path,
-                                                          extract_flags, lte);
-               } else {
-                       lte->extracted_file = STRDUP(output_path);
-                       if (!lte->extracted_file)
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               }
-       }
+       if (extract_root_realpath[0] == L'\0' ||
+           extract_root_realpath[1] != L':' ||
+           extract_root_realpath[2] != L'\\')
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
 
-       return extract_regular_file_unlinked(w, dentry, output_path,
-                                            extract_flags, lte);
+       ret = parse_substitute_name(rpdata.substitute_name,
+                                   rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes,
+                                   rpdata.rptag);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return 0;
+       stripped_nchars = ret;
+       target = rpdata.substitute_name;
+       target_nchars = rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes / sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       stripped_target = target + stripped_nchars;
+       stripped_target_nchars = target_nchars - stripped_nchars;
+
+       new_target = alloca((6 + extract_root_realpath_nchars +
+                            stripped_target_nchars) * sizeof(utf16lechar));
+
+       p = new_target;
+       if (stripped_nchars == 6) {
+               /* Include \??\ prefix if it was present before */
+               p = wmempcpy(p, L"\\??\\", 4);
+       }
 
+       /* Print name excludes the \??\ if present. */
+       new_print_name = p;
+       if (stripped_nchars != 0) {
+               /* Get drive letter from real path to extract root, if a drive
+                * letter was present before. */
+               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[0];
+               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[1];
+       }
+       /* Copy the rest of the extract root */
+       p = wmempcpy(p, extract_root_realpath + 2, extract_root_realpath_nchars - 2);
+
+       /* Append the stripped target */
+       p = wmempcpy(p, stripped_target, stripped_target_nchars);
+       new_target_nchars = p - new_target;
+       new_print_name_nchars = p - new_print_name;
+
+       if (new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE ||
+           new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
+
+       rpdata.substitute_name = new_target;
+       rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes = new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       rpdata.print_name = new_print_name;
+       rpdata.print_name_nbytes = new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       return make_reparse_buffer(&rpdata, rpbuf, rpbuflen_p);
 }
-
-static int extract_symlink(const struct dentry *dentry, const char *output_path,
-                          const WIMStruct *w)
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */
+
+/* Set reparse data on extracted file or directory that has
+ * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set.  */
+static int
+extract_reparse_data(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                    struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
 {
-       char target[4096];
-       ssize_t ret = inode_readlink(dentry->d_inode, target,
-                                    sizeof(target), w, 0);
-       if (ret <= 0) {
-               ERROR("Could not read the symbolic link from dentry `%s'",
-                     dentry->full_path_utf8);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
+       int ret;
+       u8 rpbuf[REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE];
+       u16 rpbuflen;
+
+       ret = wim_inode_get_reparse_data(inode, rpbuf, &rpbuflen, lte_override);
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       /* Fix up target of absolute symbolic link or junction points so
+        * that they point into the actual extraction target.  */
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+           (inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK ||
+            inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT) &&
+           !inode->i_not_rpfixed)
+       {
+               ret = try_extract_rpfix(rpbuf, &rpbuflen, ctx->realtarget,
+                                       ctx->realtarget_nchars);
+               if (ret && !(ctx->extract_flags &
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
+               {
+                       WARNING("Reparse point fixup of \"%"TS"\" "
+                               "failed", path);
+                       ret = 0;
+               }
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
        }
-       ret = symlink(target, output_path);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to symlink `%s' to `%s'",
-                                output_path, target);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
+#endif
+
+       ret = ctx->ops->set_reparse_data(path, rpbuf, rpbuflen, ctx);
+
+       /* On Windows, the SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege is required to create
+        * symbolic links.  To be more friendly towards non-Administrator users,
+        * we merely warn the user if symbolic links cannot be created due to
+        * insufficient permissions or privileges, unless
+        * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS was provided.  */
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (ret && inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+           (errno == EACCES || errno == EPERM) &&
+           !(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
+       {
+               WARNING("Can't set reparse data on \"%"TS"\": "
+                       "Access denied!\n"
+                       "          You may be trying to "
+                       "extract a symbolic link without the\n"
+                       "          SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege, "
+                       "which by default non-Administrator\n"
+                       "          accounts do not have.",
+                       path);
+               ret = 0;
        }
+#endif
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
+
+       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
+       update_extract_progress(ctx,
+                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
+                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
        return 0;
+
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set reparse data on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 /*
- * Extracts a directory from the WIM archive.
+ * Extract zero or more streams to a file.
+ *
+ * This function operates slightly differently depending on whether @lte_spec is
+ * NULL or not.  When @lte_spec is NULL, the behavior is to extract the default
+ * file contents (unnamed stream), and, if named data streams are supported in
+ * the extract mode and volume, any named data streams.  When @lte_spec is not
+ * NULL, the behavior is to extract only all copies of the stream @lte_spec, and
+ * in addition use @lte_spec to set the reparse data or create the symbolic link
+ * if appropriate.
  *
- * @dentry:            The directory entry for the directory.
- * @output_path:       The path to which the directory is to be extracted to.
- * @return:            True on success, false on failure.
+ * @path
+ *     Path to file to extract (as can be passed to apply_operations
+ *     functions).
+ * @ctx
+ *     Apply context.
+ * @dentry
+ *     WIM dentry that corresponds to the file being extracted.
+ * @lte_spec
+ *     If non-NULL, specifies the lookup table entry for a stream to extract,
+ *     and only that stream will be extracted (although there may be more than
+ *     one instance of it).
+ * @lte_override
+ *     Used only if @lte_spec != NULL; it is passed to the extraction functions
+ *     rather than @lte_spec, allowing the location of the stream to be
+ *     overridden.  (This is used when the WIM is being read from a nonseekable
+ *     file, such as a pipe, when streams need to be used more than once; each
+ *     such stream is extracted to a temporary file.)
  */
-static int extract_directory(const char *output_path, bool is_root)
+static int
+extract_streams(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_spec,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
 {
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       file_spec_t file_spec;
        int ret;
-       struct stat stbuf;
-       ret = stat(output_path, &stbuf);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               if (S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
-                       /*if (!is_root)*/
-                               /*WARNING("`%s' already exists", output_path);*/
-                       return 0;
-               } else {
-                       ERROR("`%s' is not a directory", output_path);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
-               }
+
+       if (dentry->was_linked)
+               return 0;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+       if (lte_spec) {
+               char sha1_str[100];
+               char *p = sha1_str;
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < SHA1_HASH_SIZE; i++)
+                       p += sprintf(p, "%02x", lte_override->hash[i]);
+               DEBUG("Extracting stream SHA1=%s to \"%"TS"\"",
+                     sha1_str, path, inode->i_ino);
        } else {
-               if (errno != ENOENT) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat `%s'", output_path);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               DEBUG("Extracting streams to \"%"TS"\"", path, inode->i_ino);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
+               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
+       else
+               file_spec.path = path;
+
+       /* Unnamed data stream.  */
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
+       if (lte && (!lte_spec || lte == lte_spec)) {
+               if (lte_spec)
+                       lte = lte_override;
+               if (!(inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY |
+                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)))
+               {
+                       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED &&
+                           ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
+                               if (!ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file) {
+                                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
+                                                               path, lte, ctx);
+                                       if (ret)
+                                               goto error;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               ret = ctx->ops->extract_unnamed_stream(
+                                                       file_spec, lte, ctx,
+                                                       dentry);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto error;
+                       }
+                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
+               }
+               else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
+               {
+                       ret = 0;
+                       if (ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
+                               ret = extract_reparse_data(path, ctx, inode, lte);
+               #ifndef __WIN32__
+                       else if ((inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+                                 ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points))
+                               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, lte);
+               #endif
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
                }
        }
-       /* Compute the output path directory to the directory. */
-       if (mkdir(output_path, S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP |
-                              S_IROTH | S_IXOTH) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Cannot create directory `%s'",
-                                output_path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+
+       /* Named data streams.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
+
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
+                               continue;
+                       lte = entry->lte;
+                       if (!lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (lte_spec && lte_spec != lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (lte_spec)
+                               lte = lte_override;
+                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec, entry->stream_name,
+                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                                            lte, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
+                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
+               }
        }
        return 0;
-}
 
-struct extract_args {
-       WIMStruct *w;
-       int extract_flags;
-       const char *output_dir;
-       unsigned num_lutimes_warnings;
-};
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to extract data of \"%"TS"\"", path);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-/*
- * Extracts a file, directory, or symbolic link from the WIM archive.  For use
- * in for_dentry_in_tree().
- */
-static int extract_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+/* Set attributes on an extracted file or directory if supported by the
+ * extraction mode.  */
+static int
+extract_file_attributes(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry, unsigned pass)
 {
-       struct extract_args *args = arg;
-       WIMStruct *w = args->w;
-       int extract_flags = args->extract_flags;
-       size_t len = strlen(args->output_dir);
-       char output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len + 1];
+       int ret;
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS)
-               if (inode_unnamed_lte(dentry->d_inode, w->lookup_table) != NULL)
-                       return 0;
+       if (ctx->ops->set_file_attributes &&
+           !(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES) &&
+           !(dentry == ctx->target_dentry && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)) {
+               u32 attributes = dentry->d_inode->i_attributes;
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE) {
-               wimlib_assert(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-               puts(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-       }
+               /* Clear unsupported attributes.  */
+               attributes &= ctx->supported_attributes_mask;
 
-       memcpy(output_path, args->output_dir, len);
-       memcpy(output_path + len, dentry->full_path_utf8, dentry->full_path_utf8_len);
-       output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len] = '\0';
+               if ((attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY &&
+                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_directories) ||
+                   (!(attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) &&
+                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files))
+               {
+                       attributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
+               }
 
+               if (attributes == 0)
+                       attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
 
-       if (dentry_is_symlink(dentry))
-               return extract_symlink(dentry, output_path, w);
-       else if (dentry_is_directory(dentry))
-               return extract_directory(output_path, dentry_is_root(dentry));
-       else
-               return extract_regular_file(w, dentry, args->output_dir,
-                                           output_path, extract_flags);
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_file_attributes(path, attributes, ctx, pass);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set attributes on "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Apply timestamp to extracted file */
-static int apply_dentry_timestamps(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+
+/* Set or remove the short (DOS) name on an extracted file or directory if
+ * supported by the extraction mode.  Since DOS names are unimportant and it's
+ * easy to run into problems setting them on Windows (SetFileShortName()
+ * requires SE_RESTORE privilege, which only the Administrator can request, and
+ * also requires DELETE access to the file), failure is ignored unless
+ * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES is set.  */
+static int
+extract_short_name(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct extract_args *args = arg;
-       size_t len = strlen(args->output_dir);
-       char output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len + 1];
-       const struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        int ret;
 
-       memcpy(output_path, args->output_dir, len);
-       memcpy(output_path + len, dentry->full_path_utf8, dentry->full_path_utf8_len);
-       output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len] = '\0';
+       /* The root of the dentry tree being extracted may not be extracted to
+        * its original name, so its short name should be ignored.  */
+       if (dentry == ctx->target_dentry)
+               return 0;
 
-       struct timeval tv[2];
-       wim_timestamp_to_timeval(inode->last_access_time, &tv[0]);
-       wim_timestamp_to_timeval(inode->last_write_time, &tv[1]);
-       #ifdef HAVE_LUTIMES
-       ret = lutimes(output_path, tv);
-       #else
-       ret = -1;
-       errno = ENOSYS;
-       #endif
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               #ifdef HAVE_UTIME
-               if (errno == ENOSYS) {
-                       struct utimbuf buf;
-                       buf.actime = wim_timestamp_to_unix(inode->last_access_time);
-                       buf.modtime = wim_timestamp_to_unix(inode->last_write_time);
-                       if (utime(output_path, &buf) == 0)
-                               return 0;
-               }
-               #endif
-               if (errno != ENOSYS || args->num_lutimes_warnings < 10) {
-                       /*WARNING("Failed to set timestamp on file `%s': %s",*/
-                               /*output_path, strerror(errno));*/
-                       args->num_lutimes_warnings++;
+       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_short_name(path,
+                                              dentry->short_name,
+                                              dentry->short_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                              ctx);
+               if (ret && (ctx->extract_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES))
+               {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set short name of "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       return ret;
                }
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-
-static int dentry_add_streams_for_extraction(struct dentry *dentry,
-                                            void *wim)
+/* Set security descriptor, UNIX data, or neither on an extracted file, taking
+ * into account the current extraction mode and flags.  */
+static int
+extract_security(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       WIMStruct *w = wim;
-       struct list_head *stream_list;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(dentry->d_inode, w->lookup_table);
-       if (lte) {
-               if (++lte->out_refcnt == 1) {
-                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->dentry_list);
-                       stream_list = w->private;
-                       list_add_tail(&lte->staging_list, stream_list);
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS)
+               return 0;
+
+       if ((ctx->target_dentry == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
+               return 0;
+
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) {
+               struct wimlib_unix_data data;
+
+               ret = inode_get_unix_data(inode, &data, NULL);
+               if (ret < 0)
+                       ret = 0;
+               else if (ret == 0)
+                       ret = ctx->ops->set_unix_data(path, &data, ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
+                                                "group, and/or mode on "
+                                                "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
+                                                  "group, and/or/mode on "
+                                                  "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       else
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */
+       if (ctx->supported_features.security_descriptors &&
+           inode->i_security_id != -1)
+       {
+               const struct wim_security_data *sd;
+               const u8 *desc;
+               size_t desc_size;
+
+               sd = wim_const_security_data(ctx->wim);
+               desc = sd->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
+               desc_size = sd->sizes[inode->i_security_id];
+
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_security_descriptor(path, desc,
+                                                       desc_size, ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set security "
+                                                "descriptor on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                       #if 0
+                               if (errno != EACCES) {
+                                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set "
+                                                          "security descriptor "
+                                                          "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               }
+                       #endif
+                               ctx->no_security_descriptors++;
+                       }
                }
-               list_add_tail(&dentry->tmp_list, &lte->dentry_list);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int cmp_streams_by_wim_position(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+/* Set timestamps on an extracted file.  Failure is warning-only unless
+ * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS is set.  */
+static int
+extract_timestamps(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       const struct lookup_table_entry *lte1, *lte2;
-       lte1 = *(const struct lookup_table_entry**)p1;
-       lte2 = *(const struct lookup_table_entry**)p2;
-       if (lte1->resource_entry.offset < lte2->resource_entry.offset)
-               return -1;
-       else if (lte1->resource_entry.offset > lte2->resource_entry.offset)
-               return 1;
-       else
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+
+       if ((ctx->target_dentry == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
                return 0;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->set_timestamps) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_timestamps(path,
+                                              inode->i_creation_time,
+                                              inode->i_last_write_time,
+                                              inode->i_last_access_time,
+                                              ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
+                                                "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
+                                                  "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static int sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(struct list_head *stream_list)
+/* Check whether the extraction of a dentry should be skipped completely.  */
+static bool
+dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                   const struct wim_features *supported_features)
 {
-       struct list_head *cur;
-       size_t num_streams;
-       struct lookup_table_entry **array;
-       size_t i;
-       size_t array_size;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       DEBUG("Sorting stream list by wim position");
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               return supported_features->reparse_points ||
+                       (inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+                        supported_features->symlink_reparse_points);
+       }
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_directories != 0;
+               else
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_files != 0;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
 
-       num_streams = 0;
-       list_for_each(cur, stream_list)
-               num_streams++;
-       array_size = num_streams * sizeof(array[0]);
+/* Given a WIM dentry to extract, build the path to which to extract it, in the
+ * format understood by the callbacks in the apply_operations being used.
+ *
+ * Write the resulting path into @path, which must have room for at least
+ * ctx->ops->path_max characters.
+ *
+ * Return %true if successful; %false if this WIM dentry doesn't actually need
+ * to be extracted or if the calculated path exceeds ctx->ops->max_path
+ * characters.
+ *
+ * This function clobbers the tmp_list member of @dentry and its ancestors up
+ * until the extraction root.  */
+static bool
+build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       size_t path_nchars;
+       LIST_HEAD(ancestor_list);
+       tchar *p = path;
+       const tchar *target_prefix;
+       size_t target_prefix_nchars;
+       struct wim_dentry *d;
+
+       path_nchars = ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths) {
+               target_prefix        = ctx->realtarget;
+               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+       } else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths) {
+               target_prefix        = ctx->target;
+               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->target_nchars;
+       } else {
+               target_prefix        = NULL;
+               target_prefix_nchars = 0;
+       }
+       path_nchars += target_prefix_nchars;
 
-       DEBUG("num_streams = %zu", num_streams);
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->target_dentry; d = d->parent) {
+               if (!dentry_in_list(d))
+                       break;
 
-       array = MALLOC(array_size);
-       if (!array) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes to sort stream entries",
-                     array_size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       cur = stream_list->next;
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++) {
-               array[i] = container_of(cur, struct lookup_table_entry, staging_list);
-               cur = cur->next;
+               path_nchars += d->extraction_name_nchars + 1;
+               list_add(&d->tmp_list, &ancestor_list);
        }
 
-       qsort(array, num_streams, sizeof(array[0]), cmp_streams_by_wim_position);
+       path_nchars++; /* null terminator */
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++)
-               list_add_tail(&array[i]->staging_list, stream_list);
-       FREE(array);
-       return 0;
+       if (path_nchars > ctx->ops->path_max) {
+               WARNING("\"%"TS"\": Path too long to extract",
+                       dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       p = tmempcpy(p, ctx->ops->path_prefix, ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars);
+       p = tmempcpy(p, target_prefix, target_prefix_nchars);
+       list_for_each_entry(d, &ancestor_list, tmp_list) {
+               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
+               p = tmempcpy(p, d->extraction_name, d->extraction_name_nchars);
+       }
+       *p++ = T('\0');
+       wimlib_assert(p - path == path_nchars);
+       return true;
 }
 
-static u64 calculate_bytes_to_extract(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                     int extract_flags)
+static unsigned
+get_num_path_components(const tchar *path, tchar path_separator)
 {
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       struct dentry *dentry;
-       u64 total_size = 0;
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, staging_list) {
-               u64 size = wim_resource_size(lte);
-               if (extract_flags &
-                   (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-               {
-                       total_size += size;
-               } else {
-                       list_for_each_entry(dentry, &lte->dentry_list,
-                                           tmp_list)
-                       {
-                               dentry->d_inode->found = false;
-                       }
-                       list_for_each_entry(dentry, &lte->dentry_list,
-                                           tmp_list)
-                       {
-                               if (!dentry->d_inode->found) {
-                                       dentry->d_inode->found = true;
-                                       total_size += size;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
+       unsigned num_components = 0;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       /* Ignore drive letter.  */
+       if (path[0] != L'\0' && path[1] == L':')
+               path += 2;
+#endif
+
+       while (*path) {
+               while (*path == path_separator)
+                       path++;
+               if (*path)
+                       num_components++;
+               while (*path && *path != path_separator)
+                       path++;
        }
-       return total_size;
+       return num_components;
 }
 
-static int extract_single_image(WIMStruct *w, int image,
-                               const char *output_dir, int extract_flags)
+static int
+extract_multiimage_symlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
+                          struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
+       size_t num_raw_path_components;
+       const struct wim_dentry *d;
+       size_t num_target_path_components;
+       tchar *p;
+       const tchar *p_old;
        int ret;
-       struct dentry *root;
-       const char *image_name;
 
-       DEBUG("Extracting image %d", image);
+       num_raw_path_components = 0;
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->target_dentry; d = d->parent)
+               num_raw_path_components++;
 
-       ret = select_wim_image(w, image);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths)
+               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->realtarget,
+                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
+       else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths)
+               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->target,
+                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
+       else
+               num_target_path_components = 0;
 
-       root = wim_root_dentry(w);
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE) {
+               wimlib_assert(num_target_path_components > 0);
+               num_raw_path_components++;
+               num_target_path_components--;
+       }
 
-       struct extract_args args = {
-               .w                    = w,
-               .extract_flags        = extract_flags,
-               .output_dir           = output_dir,
-               .num_lutimes_warnings = 0,
-       };
+       p_old = oldpath + ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (p_old[0] != L'\0' && p_old[1] == ':')
+               p_old += 2;
+#endif
+       while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
+               p_old++;
+       while (--num_target_path_components) {
+               while (*p_old != ctx->ops->path_separator)
+                       p_old++;
+               while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
+                       p_old++;
+       }
 
-       image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(w, image);
-       if (!image_name)
-               image_name = "unnamed";
+       tchar symlink_target[tstrlen(p_old) + 3 * num_raw_path_components + 1];
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL) {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt,
-                                      NULL);
-               args.extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-               if (args.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SHOW_PROGRESS) {
-                       printf("Creating directory structure for image %d (%s)...\n",
-                              image, image_name);
-               }
-       } else {
-               if (args.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SHOW_PROGRESS) {
-                       printf("Extracting image %d (%s)...\n",
-                              image, image_name);
+       p = &symlink_target[0];
+       while (num_raw_path_components--) {
+               *p++ = '.';
+               *p++ = '.';
+               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
+       }
+       tstrcpy(p, p_old);
+       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+             newpath, symlink_target);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(symlink_target, newpath, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+                                newpath, symlink_target);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Create the "skeleton" of an extracted file or directory.  Don't yet extract
+ * data streams, reparse data (including symbolic links), timestamps, and
+ * security descriptors.  Basically, everything that doesn't require reading
+ * non-metadata resources from the WIM file and isn't delayed until the final
+ * pass.  */
+static int
+do_dentry_extract_skeleton(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                          struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+       const tchar *oldpath;
+
+       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
+
+               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
+               if (unnamed_lte && unnamed_lte->extracted_file) {
+                       oldpath = unnamed_lte->extracted_file;
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)
+                               goto hardlink;
+                       else
+                               goto symlink;
                }
        }
 
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, extract_dentry, &args);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       /* Create hard link if this dentry corresponds to an already-extracted
+        * inode.  */
+       if (inode->i_extracted_file) {
+               oldpath = inode->i_extracted_file;
+               goto hardlink;
+       }
+
+       /* Skip symlinks unless they can be extracted as reparse points rather
+        * than created directly.  */
+       if (inode_is_symlink(inode) && !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Create this file or directory unless it's the extraction root, which
+        * was already created if necessary.  */
+       if (dentry != ctx->target_dentry) {
+               ret = extract_inode(path, ctx, inode);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL) {
-               struct list_head stream_list;
-               struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-               struct lookup_table_entry *tmp;
-               struct dentry *dentry;
-               u64 total_size;
-               u64 cur_size;
-               u64 next_size;
-               u64 one_percent;
-               unsigned cur_percent;
-
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stream_list);
-               w->private = &stream_list;
-               for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_add_streams_for_extraction, w);
-               ret = sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(&stream_list);
-               args.extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       WARNING("Falling back to non-sequential image extraction");
-                       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, extract_dentry, &args);
-                       if (ret != 0)
+       /* Create empty named data streams.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       file_spec_t file_spec;
+                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
+
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
+                               continue;
+                       if (entry->lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
+                               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
+                       else
+                               file_spec.path = path;
+                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec,
+                                                            entry->stream_name,
+                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                                            entry->lte, ctx);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("\"%"TS"\": failed to create "
+                                                "empty named data stream",
+                                                path);
                                return ret;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               total_size = calculate_bytes_to_extract(&stream_list, args.extract_flags);
-               one_percent = total_size / 100;
-               cur_size = 0;
-               next_size = 0;
-               cur_percent = 0;
-               puts("Extracting files...");
-               list_for_each_entry_safe(lte, tmp, &stream_list, staging_list) {
-                       list_del(&lte->staging_list);
-                       list_for_each_entry(dentry, &lte->dentry_list, tmp_list) {
-                               if ((!dentry->d_inode->extracted_file) &&
-                                    (args.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SHOW_PROGRESS))
-                               {
-                                       show_stream_op_progress(&cur_size, &next_size,
-                                                               total_size, one_percent,
-                                                               &cur_percent, lte,
-                                                               "extracted");
-                               }
-                               ret = extract_dentry(dentry, &args);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       return ret;
                        }
                }
-               finish_stream_op_progress(total_size, "extracted");
        }
-out:
-       return for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, apply_dentry_timestamps, &args);
-}
 
+       /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
+       ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Set or remove file short name (if supported).  */
+       ret = extract_short_name(path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* If inode has multiple links and hard links are supported in this
+        * extraction mode and volume, save the path to the extracted file in
+        * case it's needed to create a hard link.  */
+       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
+
+               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
+               if (unnamed_lte) {
+                       unnamed_lte->extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
+                       if (!unnamed_lte->extracted_file)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               }
+       } else if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && ctx->supported_features.hard_links) {
+               inode->i_extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
+               if (!inode->i_extracted_file)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+symlink:
+       ret = extract_multiimage_symlink(oldpath, path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       dentry->was_linked = 1;
+       return 0;
+
+hardlink:
+       ret = extract_hardlink(oldpath, path, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       dentry->was_linked = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-/* Extracts all images from the WIM to @output_dir, with the images placed in
- * subdirectories named by their image names. */
-static int extract_all_images(WIMStruct *w, const char *output_dir,
-                             int extract_flags)
+/* This is a wrapper around do_dentry_extract_skeleton() that handles building
+ * the path, doing short name reordering.  This is also idempotent; dentries
+ * already processed have skeleton_extracted set and no action is taken.  See
+ * apply_operations.requires_short_name_reordering for more details about short
+ * name reordering.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(w), 20);
-       size_t output_path_len = strlen(output_dir);
-       char buf[output_path_len + 1 + image_name_max_len + 1];
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       struct wim_dentry *orig_dentry;
+       struct wim_dentry *other_dentry;
        int ret;
-       int image;
-       const char *image_name;
 
-       DEBUG("Attempting to extract all images from `%s' to `%s'",
-             w->filename, output_dir);
+       if (dentry->skeleton_extracted)
+               return 0;
 
-       ret = extract_directory(output_dir, true);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       orig_dentry = NULL;
+       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names
+           && ctx->ops->requires_short_name_reordering
+           && !dentry_has_short_name(dentry)
+           && !dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted)
+       {
+               inode_for_each_dentry(other_dentry, dentry->d_inode) {
+                       if (dentry_has_short_name(other_dentry)
+                           && !other_dentry->skeleton_extracted
+                           && dentry_in_list(other_dentry))
+                       {
+                               DEBUG("Creating %"TS" before %"TS" "
+                                     "to guarantee correct DOS name extraction",
+                                     dentry_full_path(other_dentry),
+                                     dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                               orig_dentry = dentry;
+                               dentry = other_dentry;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+again:
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
+       ret = do_dentry_extract_skeleton(path, dentry, ctx);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       memcpy(buf, output_dir, output_path_len);
-       buf[output_path_len] = '/';
-       for (image = 1; image <= w->hdr.image_count; image++) {
+       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 1;
 
-               image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(w, image);
-               if (*image_name) {
-                       strcpy(buf + output_path_len + 1, image_name);
-               } else {
-                       /* Image name is empty. Use image number instead */
-                       sprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, "%d", image);
-               }
-               ret = extract_single_image(w, image, buf, extract_flags);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       return ret;
+       if (orig_dentry) {
+               dentry = orig_dentry;
+               orig_dentry = NULL;
+               goto again;
        }
+       dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 1;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Extracts a single image or all images from a WIM file. */
-WIMLIBAPI int wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *w, int image,
-                                  const char *output_dir,
-                                  int extract_flags,
-                                  WIMStruct **additional_swms,
-                                  unsigned num_additional_swms)
+/* Create a file or directory, then immediately extract all streams.  The WIM
+ * may not be read sequentially by this function.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct lookup_table *joined_tab, *w_tab_save;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
        int ret;
 
-       DEBUG("w->filename = %s, image = %d, output_dir = %s, flags = 0x%x, "
-             "num_additional_swms = %u",
-             w->filename, image, output_dir, extract_flags, num_additional_swms);
+       ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       if (!w || !output_dir)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
+
+       return extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, NULL, NULL);
+}
 
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+/* Finish extracting a file, directory, or symbolic link by setting file
+ * security and timestamps.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract_final(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
 
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-                       == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
 
-       ret = verify_swm_set(w, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       ret = extract_security(path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       if (num_additional_swms) {
-               ret = new_joined_lookup_table(w, additional_swms,
-                                             num_additional_swms, &joined_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_final_set_attributes_pass) {
+               /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
+               ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 1);
+               if (ret)
                        return ret;
-               w_tab_save = w->lookup_table;
-               w->lookup_table = joined_tab;
        }
 
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_zero_extracted_file,
-                                      NULL);
-               extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
-       }
+       return extract_timestamps(path, ctx, dentry);
+}
 
-       if (image == WIM_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
-               ret = extract_all_images(w, output_dir, extract_flags);
-       } else {
-               extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
-               ret = extract_single_image(w, image, output_dir, extract_flags);
-       }
-       if (num_additional_swms) {
-               free_lookup_table(w->lookup_table);
-               w->lookup_table = w_tab_save;
-       }
+static int
+extract_structure(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file,
-                                      NULL);
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_dir_structure(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               if (dentry_is_directory(dentry)) {
+                       ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_dentries(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_final_metadata(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_reverse(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract_final(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Creates a temporary file opened for writing.  The open file descriptor is
+ * returned in @fd_ret and its name is returned in @name_ret (dynamically
+ * allocated).  */
+static int
+create_temporary_file(struct filedes *fd_ret, tchar **name_ret)
+{
+       tchar *name;
+       int raw_fd;
+       int open_flags;
+
+retry:
+       name = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
+       if (name == NULL) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       open_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       open_flags |= _O_SHORT_LIVED;
+#endif
+       raw_fd = topen(name, open_flags, 0600);
+
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               if (errno == EEXIST) {
+                       FREE(name);
+                       goto retry;
+               }
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open temporary file \"%"TS"\"", name);
+               FREE(name);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
+
+       filedes_init(fd_ret, raw_fd);
+       *name_ret = name;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Extract all instances of the stream @lte that are being extracted in this
+ * call of extract_tree(), but actually read the stream data from @lte_override.
+ */
+static int
+extract_stream_instances(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override,
+                        struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       size_t i;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (lte->out_refcnt <= ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+               lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+       else
+               lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry = lte_dentries[i];
+
+               if (dentry->tmp_flag)
+                       continue;
+               if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+                       continue;
+               ret = extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, lte, lte_override);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_clear_tmp_flags;
+               dentry->tmp_flag = 1;
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out_clear_tmp_flags:
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++)
+               lte_dentries[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Determine whether the specified stream needs to be extracted to a temporary
+ * file or not.
+ *
+ * @lte->out_refcnt specifies the number of instances of this stream that must
+ * be extracted.
+ *
+ * @is_partial_res is %true if this stream is just one of multiple in a single
+ * WIM resource being extracted.  */
+static bool
+need_tmpfile_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       bool is_partial_res)
+{
+       /* Temporary file is always required when reading a partial resource,
+        * since in that case we retrieve all the contained streams in one pass.
+        * */
+       if (is_partial_res)
+               return true;
+
+       /* Otherwise we don't need a temporary file if only a single instance of
+        * the stream is needed.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 1)
+               return false;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt >= 2);
+
+       /* We also don't need a temporary file if random access to the stream is
+        * allowed.  */
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM ||
+           filedes_is_seekable(&lte->rspec->wim->in_fd))
+               return false;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+static int
+begin_extract_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                    u32 flags, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (flags & BEGIN_STREAM_FLAG_WHOLE_STREAM) {
+               DEBUG("Whole stream (size=%"PRIu64") will be read into memory",
+                     lte->size);
+               ctx->cur_stream = lte;
+               filedes_invalidate(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!need_tmpfile_to_extract(lte,
+                                    (flags & BEGIN_STREAM_FLAG_PARTIAL_RESOURCE)))
+       {
+               DEBUG("Temporary file not needed "
+                     "for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+               ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Temporary file needed for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+       return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+}
+
+static int
+extract_chunk(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd)) {
+               ret = full_write(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, chunk, size);
+               if (ret)
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to file descriptor");
+       } else {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte_override;
+
+               memcpy(&lte_override, ctx->cur_stream,
+                      sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+
+               lte_override.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
+               lte_override.size = size;
+               lte_override.attached_buffer = (void *)chunk;
+
+               ret = extract_stream_instances(ctx->cur_stream, &lte_override, ctx);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+end_extract_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                  int status, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte_override;
+       int ret;
+       int errno_save = errno;
+
+       if (!filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd))
+               return status;
+
+       ret = filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+
+       if (status) {
+               ret = status;
+               errno = errno_save;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing temporary file %"TS, ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       /* Now that a full stream has been extracted to a temporary file,
+        * extract all instances of it to the actual target.  */
+
+       memcpy(&lte_override, lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+       lte_override.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+       lte_override.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+
+       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, &lte_override, ctx);
+
+out_delete_tmpfile:
+       errno_save = errno;
+       tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       errno = errno_save;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Extracts a list of streams (ctx.stream_list), assuming that the directory
+ * structure and empty files were already created.  This relies on the
+ * per-`struct wim_lookup_table_entry' list of dentries that reference each
+ * stream that was constructed earlier.  */
+static int
+extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+               .begin_stream           = begin_extract_stream,
+               .begin_stream_ctx       = ctx,
+               .consume_chunk          = extract_chunk,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx      = ctx,
+               .end_stream             = end_extract_stream,
+               .end_stream_ctx         = ctx,
+       };
+       return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
+                               offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, extraction_list),
+                               &cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
+}
+
+#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
+#define PWM_SILENT_EOF   0x00002
+
+/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
+static int
+read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
+{
+       union {
+               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       } buf;
+       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               goto read_error;
+
+       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) && buf.stream_hdr.magic == PWM_MAGIC) {
+               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
+                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+       }
+
+       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
+
+       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
+       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
+       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+       return 0;
+
+read_error:
+       if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE || !(flags & PWM_SILENT_EOF))
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte;
+       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+       struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       int ret;
+       int pwm_flags;
+
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (found_lte == NULL)
+               goto out;
+
+       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+       if (rspec == NULL)
+               goto out_free_found_lte;
+
+       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
+       pwm_flags = PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR;
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
+               pwm_flags |= PWM_SILENT_EOF;
+       memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
+       ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = ctx->wim->hdr.total_parts;
+       if (ctx->progress_func)
+               ctx->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
+                                  &ctx->progress);
+       while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
+               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
+                                            pwm_flags, &pwm_hdr);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE &&
+                           (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
+                       {
+                               goto resume_done;
+                       }
+                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+               }
+
+               if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
+                   && (needed_lte = lookup_stream(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
+                   && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
+               {
+                       tchar *tmpfile_name = NULL;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
+
+                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
+                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
+                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
+
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
+
+                       if (needed_lte->out_refcnt > 1) {
+
+                               struct filedes tmpfile_fd;
+
+                               /* Extract stream to temporary file.  */
+                               ret = create_temporary_file(&tmpfile_fd, &tmpfile_name);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+                               }
+
+                               ret = extract_full_stream_to_fd(needed_lte,
+                                                               &tmpfile_fd);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd);
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+
+                               if (filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd)) {
+                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to temporary "
+                                                        "file \"%"TS"\"", tmpfile_name);
+                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+                               memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, needed_lte,
+                                      sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+                               tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+                               tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = tmpfile_name;
+                               lte_override = &tmpfile_lte;
+                       } else {
+                               lte_override = needed_lte;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = extract_stream_instances(needed_lte, lte_override, ctx);
+               delete_tmpfile:
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                       if (tmpfile_name) {
+                               tunlink(tmpfile_name);
+                               FREE(tmpfile_name);
+                       }
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_found_lte;
+                       ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
+               } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_found_lte;
+               } else {
+                       u16 part_number = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.part_number);
+                       u16 total_parts = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.total_parts);
+
+                       if (part_number != ctx->progress.extract.part_number ||
+                           total_parts != ctx->progress.extract.total_parts ||
+                           memcmp(pwm_hdr.guid, ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                  WIM_GID_LEN))
+                       {
+                               ctx->progress.extract.part_number = part_number;
+                               ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = total_parts;
+                               memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                      pwm_hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
+                               if (ctx->progress_func) {
+                                       ctx->progress_func(
+                                               WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
+                                                          &ctx->progress);
+                               }
+
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out_free_found_lte:
+       if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               FREE(rspec);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
+out:
+       return ret;
+
+resume_done:
+       /* TODO */
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ *
+ * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
+ * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
+ * unnamed data stream only.  */
+static int
+extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                        const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct filedes _stdout;
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
+                                  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
+                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
+       }
+
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, lookup_table);
+       if (!lte) {
+               const u8 *hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
+               if (!is_zero_hash(hash))
+                       return stream_not_found_error(inode, hash);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+       return extract_full_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout);
+}
+
+static int
+extract_dentries_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry **dentries, size_t num_dentries,
+                          const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_dentries; i++) {
+               int ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(dentries[i], lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Removes duplicate dentries from the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_duplicate_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               if (!trees[i]->tmp_flag) {
+                       /* Found distinct dentry.  */
+                       trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+                       trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               }
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove dentries that are descendants of other dentries in the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_contained_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *d = trees[i];
+               while (!dentry_is_root(d)) {
+                       d = d->parent;
+                       if (d->tmp_flag)
+                               goto tree_contained;
+               }
+               trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               continue;
+
+       tree_contained:
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_append_to_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_dentry_list)
+{
+       struct list_head *dentry_list = _dentry_list;
+       list_add_tail(&dentry->extraction_list, dentry_list);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       dentry->extraction_list = (struct list_head){NULL, NULL};
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_delete_from_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       list_del(&dentry->extraction_list);
+       dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build the preliminary list of dentries to be extracted.
+ *
+ * The list maintains the invariant that if d1 and d2 are in the list and d1 is
+ * an ancestor of d2, then d1 appears before d2 in the list.
+ */
+static void
+build_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct wim_dentry **trees,
+                 size_t num_trees, bool add_ancestors)
+{
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
+
+       /* Add the trees recursively.  */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               for_dentry_in_tree(trees[i], dentry_append_to_list, dentry_list);
+
+       /* If requested, add ancestors of the trees.  */
+       if (add_ancestors) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry = trees[i];
+                       struct wim_dentry *ancestor;
+                       struct list_head *place_after;
+
+                       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+                               continue;
+
+                       place_after = dentry_list;
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->parent;
+                               if (dentry_in_list(ancestor)) {
+                                       place_after = &ancestor->extraction_list;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
+
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->parent;
+                               if (dentry_in_list(ancestor))
+                                       break;
+                               list_add(&ancestor->extraction_list, place_after);
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static const struct apply_operations *
+select_apply_operations(int extract_flags)
+{
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
+               return &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
+#endif
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       return &win32_apply_ops;
+#else
+       return &unix_apply_ops;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+static const utf16lechar replacement_char = cpu_to_le16(0xfffd);
+#else
+static const utf16lechar replacement_char = cpu_to_le16('?');
+#endif
+
+static bool
+file_name_valid(utf16lechar *name, size_t num_chars, bool fix)
+{
+       size_t i;
+
+       if (num_chars == 0)
+               return true;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_chars; i++) {
+               switch (name[i]) {
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               case cpu_to_le16('\\'):
+               case cpu_to_le16(':'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('*'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('?'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('"'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('<'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('>'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('|'):
+       #endif
+               case cpu_to_le16('/'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('\0'):
+                       if (fix)
+                               name[i] = replacement_char;
+                       else
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (name[num_chars - 1] == cpu_to_le16(' ') ||
+           name[num_chars - 1] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+       {
+               if (fix)
+                       name[num_chars - 1] = replacement_char;
+               else
+                       return false;
+       }
+#endif
+       return true;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_calculate_extraction_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (dentry == ctx->target_dentry)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!dentry_is_supported(dentry, &ctx->supported_features))
+               goto skip_dentry;
+
+       if (!ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames)
+       {
+               struct wim_dentry *other;
+               list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->d_ci_conflict_list,
+                                   d_ci_conflict_list)
+               {
+                       if (dentry_in_list(other)) {
+                               if (ctx->extract_flags &
+                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
+                                       WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
+                                               "case-insensitive name as "
+                                               "\"%"TS"\"; extracting "
+                                               "dummy name instead",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto out_replace;
+                               } else {
+                                       WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": "
+                                               "has same case-insensitive "
+                                               "name as \"%"TS"\"",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto skip_dentry;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (file_name_valid(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, false)) {
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(dentry->file_name,
+                                      dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                      (const tchar **)&dentry->extraction_name,
+                                      &dentry->extraction_name_nchars);
+               dentry->extraction_name_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+               return ret;
+       } else {
+               if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES)
+               {
+                       WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has an invalid filename "
+                               "that is not supported on this platform; "
+                               "extracting dummy name instead",
+                               dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                       goto out_replace;
+               } else {
+                       WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": has an invalid filename "
+                               "that is not supported on this platform",
+                               dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                       goto skip_dentry;
+               }
+       }
+
+out_replace:
+       {
+               utf16lechar utf16_name_copy[dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2];
+
+               memcpy(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+               file_name_valid(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, true);
+
+               const tchar *tchar_name;
+               size_t tchar_nchars;
+
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
+                                      dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                      &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               tchar_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+
+               size_t fixed_name_num_chars = tchar_nchars;
+               tchar fixed_name[tchar_nchars + 50];
+
+               tmemcpy(fixed_name, tchar_name, tchar_nchars);
+               fixed_name_num_chars += tsprintf(fixed_name + tchar_nchars,
+                                                T(" (invalid filename #%lu)"),
+                                                ++ctx->invalid_sequence);
+
+               utf16le_put_tstr(tchar_name);
+
+               dentry->extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
+                                                2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
+               if (!dentry->extraction_name)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+skip_dentry:
+       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_delete_from_list, NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate the actual filename component at which each WIM dentry will be
+ * extracted, with special handling for dentries that are unsupported by the
+ * extraction backend or have invalid names.
+ *
+ * Note: this has a dependency on start_extract() being called because
+ * ctx.supported_features must be filled in in order to determine whether each
+ * dentry is supported.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM, WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF16_STRING
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                                      struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct list_head *prev, *cur;
+
+       /* Can't use list_for_each_entry() because a call to
+        * dentry_calculate_extraction_name() may delete the current dentry and
+        * its children from the list.  */
+
+       prev = dentry_list;
+       for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+               int ret;
+
+               cur = prev->next;
+               if (cur == dentry_list)
+                       break;
+
+               dentry = list_entry(cur, struct wim_dentry, extraction_list);
+
+               ret = dentry_calculate_extraction_name(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (prev->next == cur)
+                       prev = cur;
+               else
+                       ; /* Current dentry and its children (which follow in
+                            the list) were deleted.  prev stays the same.  */
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_resolve_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, int extract_flags,
+                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       bool force = false;
+
+       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
+        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
+        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
+        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
+        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+               force = true;
+       ret = inode_resolve_streams(inode, lookup_table, force);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for (u32 i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
+               if (lte)
+                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, resolve all streams in the corresponding
+ * inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_resolve_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                           struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_resolve_streams(dentry,
+                                            ctx->extract_flags,
+                                            ctx->wim->lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ref_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+          struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (!lte)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
+        * links).  */
+       if (!(dentry->d_inode->i_visited &&
+             ctx->supported_features.hard_links) &&
+           (!is_linked_extraction(ctx) || (lte->out_refcnt == 0 &&
+                                           lte->extracted_file == NULL)))
+       {
+               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
+               ctx->progress.extract.num_streams++;
+       }
+
+       /* Add stream to the dentry_list only one time, even if it's going
+        * to be extracted to multiple locations.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
+               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
+       }
+
+       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+
+               /* Append dentry to this stream's array of dentries referencing
+                * it.  Use inline array to avoid memory allocation until the
+                * number of dentries becomes too large.  */
+               if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                       lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+               } else {
+                       struct wim_dentry **prev_lte_dentries;
+                       size_t alloc_lte_dentries;
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = NULL;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries);
+                       } else {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = lte->alloc_lte_dentries;
+                       }
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_lte_dentries) {
+                               alloc_lte_dentries *= 2;
+                               lte_dentries = REALLOC(prev_lte_dentries,
+                                                      alloc_lte_dentries *
+                                                       sizeof(lte_dentries[0]));
+                               if (lte_dentries == NULL)
+                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               if (prev_lte_dentries == NULL) {
+                                       memcpy(lte_dentries,
+                                              lte->inline_lte_dentries,
+                                              sizeof(lte->inline_lte_dentries));
+                               }
+                               lte->lte_dentries = lte_dentries;
+                               lte->alloc_lte_dentries = alloc_lte_dentries;
+                       }
+                       lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+               }
+               lte_dentries[lte->out_refcnt] = dentry;
+       }
+       lte->out_refcnt++;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_ref_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
+        * unlikely case.  */
+       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
+               ret = ref_stream(inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode),
+                                dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
+        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
+        * a linked extraction.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
+                               continue;
+                       ret = ref_stream(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte,
+                                        dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, iterate through the data streams of the
+ * corresponding inode.  For each such stream that is not to be ignored due to
+ * the supported features or extraction flags, add it to the list of streams to
+ * be extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so.
+ *
+ * Also, if doing a sequential extraction, build a mapping from each stream to
+ * the dentries referencing it.
+ *
+ * This also initializes the extract progress info with byte and stream
+ * information.
+ *
+ * Note: This has a dependency on start_extract being called because
+ * ctx.supported_features must be filled in in order to determine whether named
+ * data streams are supported.
+ *
+ * Note: this uses the i_visited member of the inodes (assumed to be 0
+ * initially), but does not reset it.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_ref_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_ref_streams(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
+static void
+dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
+               features->archive_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)
+               features->hidden_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)
+               features->system_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED)
+               features->compressed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       features->encrypted_directories++;
+               else
+                       features->encrypted_files++;
+       }
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED)
+               features->not_context_indexed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE)
+               features->sparse_files++;
+       if (inode_has_named_stream(inode))
+               features->named_data_streams++;
+       if (inode->i_visited)
+               features->hard_links++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               features->reparse_points++;
+               if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
+                       features->symlink_reparse_points++;
+               else
+                       features->other_reparse_points++;
+       }
+       if (inode->i_security_id != -1)
+               features->security_descriptors++;
+       if (dentry->short_name_nbytes)
+               features->short_names++;
+       if (inode_has_unix_data(inode))
+               features->unix_data++;
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+}
+
+/* Tally the features necessary to extract the specified dentries.  */
+static void
+dentry_list_get_features(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                        struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
+       memset(features, 0, sizeof(struct wim_features));
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list)
+               dentry_tally_features(dentry, features);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+}
+
+static u32
+compute_supported_attributes_mask(const struct wim_features *supported_features)
+{
+       u32 mask = (u32)~0UL;
+
+       if (!supported_features->archive_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+
+       if (!supported_features->hidden_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+
+       if (!supported_features->system_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM;
+
+       if (!supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED;
+
+       if (!supported_features->compressed_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED;
+
+       if (!supported_features->sparse_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+
+       if (!supported_features->reparse_points)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+
+       return mask;
+}
+
+static int
+do_feature_check(const struct wim_features *required_features,
+                const struct wim_features *supported_features,
+                int extract_flags, const struct apply_operations *ops)
+{
+       /* File attributes.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES)) {
+               /* Note: Don't bother the user about FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE.
+                * We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we
+                * want with it.  */
+
+               if (required_features->hidden_files &&
+                   !supported_features->hidden_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN of %lu files",
+                               required_features->hidden_files);
+
+               if (required_features->system_files &&
+                   !supported_features->system_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM of %lu files",
+                               required_features->system_files);
+
+               if (required_features->compressed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->compressed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->compressed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->not_context_indexed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->sparse_files &&
+                   !supported_features->sparse_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE of %lu files",
+                               required_features->sparse_files);
+
+               if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
+                   !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED of %lu directories",
+                               required_features->encrypted_directories);
+       }
+
+       /* Encrypted files.  */
+       if (required_features->encrypted_files &&
+           !supported_features->encrypted_files)
+               WARNING("Ignoring %lu encrypted files",
+                       required_features->encrypted_files);
+
+       /* Named data streams.  */
+       if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
+           (!supported_features->named_data_streams ||
+            (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))))
+               WARNING("Ignoring named data streams of %lu files",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams);
+
+       /* Hard links.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->hard_links)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support hard links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+               WARNING("Extracting %lu hard links as independent files",
+                       required_features->hard_links);
+
+       /* Symbolic links and reparse points.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
+           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (required_features->reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       {
+               if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
+                       if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
+                               WARNING("Ignoring %lu non-symlink/junction "
+                                       "reparse point files",
+                                       required_features->other_reparse_points);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring %lu reparse point files",
+                               required_features->reparse_points);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Security descriptors.  */
+       if (((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS |
+                              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
+            == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support security descriptors!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+               WARNING("Ignoring Windows NT security descriptors of %lu files",
+                       required_features->security_descriptors);
+
+       /* UNIX data.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
+           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support UNIX data!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       /* DOS Names.  */
+       if (required_features->short_names &&
+           !supported_features->short_names)
+       {
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) {
+                       ERROR("Extraction backend does not support DOS names!");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               }
+               WARNING("Ignoring DOS names of %lu files",
+                       required_features->short_names);
+       }
+
+       /* Timestamps.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
+           !ops->set_timestamps)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support timestamps!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+do_extract_warnings(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors == 0 &&
+           ctx->no_security_descriptors == 0)
+               return;
+
+       WARNING("Extraction to \"%"TS"\" complete, but with one or more warnings:",
+               ctx->target);
+       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors != 0) {
+               WARNING("- Could only partially set the security descriptor\n"
+                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
+                       ctx->partial_security_descriptors);
+       }
+       if (ctx->no_security_descriptors != 0) {
+               WARNING("- Could not set security descriptor at all\n"
+                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
+                       ctx->no_security_descriptors);
+       }
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       WARNING("To fully restore all security descriptors, run the program\n"
+               "          with Administrator rights.");
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry, *tmp;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(dentry, tmp, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+               dentry->was_linked = 0;
+               dentry->skeleton_extracted = 0;
+               inode->i_visited = 0;
+               FREE(inode->i_extracted_file);
+               inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
+               inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
+               if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
+                       FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
+               dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list)
+               if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+                       FREE(lte->lte_dentries);
+}
+
+static int
+extract_trees(WIMStruct *wim, struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees,
+             const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+             wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct apply_ctx ctx;
+       struct list_head dentry_list;
+       struct wim_features required_features;
+
+       /* Handle stdout extraction as a separate case.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT)
+               return extract_dentries_to_stdout(trees, num_trees,
+                                                 wim->lookup_table);
+
+       /* Start initializing the apply_ctx.  */
+       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(struct apply_ctx));
+       ctx.wim = wim;
+       ctx.extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       ctx.target = target;
+       ctx.target_nchars = tstrlen(target);
+       ctx.progress_func = progress_func;
+       if (progress_func) {
+               ctx.progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
+               ctx.progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
+               ctx.progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
+                                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
+               ctx.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
+                                                                       wim->current_image);
+               ctx.progress.extract.target = target;
+       }
+
+       ctx.target_dentry = wim_root_dentry(wim);
+       /* Note: ctx.target_dentry represents the dentry that gets extracted to
+        * @target.  There may be none, in which case it gets set to the image
+        * root and never matches any of the dentries actually being extracted.
+        */
+
+       num_trees = remove_duplicate_trees(trees, num_trees);
+
+       /* All trees are now distinct.  */
+
+       num_trees = remove_contained_trees(trees, num_trees);
+
+       /* All trees are now distinct and non-overlapping.  */
+
+       /* Build list of dentries to be extracted.  */
+       build_dentry_list(&dentry_list, trees, num_trees,
+                         !(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE));
+
+       /* Select the appropriate apply_operations based on the platform and
+        * extract_flags.  */
+       ctx.ops = select_apply_operations(extract_flags);
+
+       /* Figure out whether the root dentry is being extracted to the root of
+        * a volume and therefore needs to be treated "specially", for example
+        * not being explicitly created and not having attributes set.  */
+       if (ctx.ops->target_is_root && ctx.ops->root_directory_is_special)
+               ctx.root_dentry_is_special = ctx.ops->target_is_root(target);
+
+       /* Call the start_extract() callback.  This gives the apply_operations
+        * implementation a chance to do any setup needed to access the volume.
+        * Furthermore, start_extract() is expected to set the supported
+        * features of this extraction mode (ctx.supported_features), which are
+        * determined at runtime as they may vary depending on the actual
+        * volume.  */
+       ret = ctx.ops->start_extract(target, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_dentry_list;
+
+       /* Get and check the features required to extract the dentries.  */
+       dentry_list_get_features(&dentry_list, &required_features);
+       ret = do_feature_check(&required_features, &ctx.supported_features,
+                              extract_flags, ctx.ops);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
+
+       ctx.supported_attributes_mask =
+               compute_supported_attributes_mask(&ctx.supported_features);
+
+       /* Calculate extraction name for each dentry and remove subtrees that
+        * can't be extracted due to naming problems.  */
+       ret = dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
+
+       /* Build list of streams to extract.  */
+       ret = dentry_list_resolve_streams(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
+       ret = dentry_list_ref_streams(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_destroy_stream_list;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+               /* When extracting from a pipe, the number of bytes of data to
+                * extract can't be determined in the normal way (examining the
+                * lookup table), since at this point all we have is a set of
+                * SHA1 message digests of streams that need to be extracted.
+                * However, we can get a reasonably accurate estimate by taking
+                * <TOTALBYTES> from the corresponding <IMAGE> in the WIM XML
+                * data.  This does assume that a full image is being extracted,
+                * but currently there is no API for doing otherwise.  (Also,
+                * subtract <HARDLINKBYTES> from this if hard links are
+                * supported by the extraction mode.)  */
+               ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes =
+                       wim_info_get_image_total_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                      wim->current_image);
+               if (ctx.supported_features.hard_links) {
+                       ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes -=
+                               wim_info_get_image_hard_link_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                                  wim->current_image);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (ctx.ops->realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files &&
+           ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) ||
+            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
+       {
+               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
+               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_destroy_stream_list;
+               }
+               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+              /* Strip trailing slashes.  If we don't do this, we may create a
+               * path with multiple consecutive backslashes, which for some
+               * reason causes Windows to report that the file cannot be found.
+               */
+               while (ctx.realtarget_nchars >= 2
+                      && ctx.realtarget[ctx.realtarget_nchars - 1] == L'\\'
+                      && ctx.realtarget[ctx.realtarget_nchars - 2] != L':')
+               {
+                       ctx.realtarget[--ctx.realtarget_nchars] = L'\0';
+               }
+       #endif
+       }
+
+       if (progress_func) {
+               int msg;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
+               else
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN;
+               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       if (!ctx.root_dentry_is_special) {
+               tchar path[ctx.ops->path_max];
+               if (build_extraction_path(path, ctx.target_dentry, &ctx)) {
+                       ret = extract_inode(path, &ctx, ctx.target_dentry->d_inode);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* If we need to fix up the targets of absolute symbolic links
+        * (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) or the extraction mode requires paths to
+        * be absolute, use realpath() (or its replacement on Windows) to get
+        * the absolute path to the extraction target.  Note that this requires
+        * the target directory to exist, unless
+        * realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files is set in the apply_operations.
+        * */
+       if (!ctx.realtarget &&
+           (((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+             required_features.symlink_reparse_points) ||
+            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
+       {
+               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
+               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
+       }
+
+       if (ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering) {
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               ret = extract_dir_structure(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+       }
+
+       /* Finally, the important part: extract the tree of files.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               /* Sequential extraction requested, so two passes are needed
+                * (one for file structure, one for streams.)  */
+               if (progress_func && !ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+
+               if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)) {
+                       ret = extract_structure(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+                       ret = extract_streams_from_pipe(&ctx);
+               else
+                       ret = extract_stream_list(&ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+       } else {
+               /* Sequential extraction was not requested, so we can make do
+                * with one pass where we both create the files and extract
+                * streams.   */
+               if (progress_func && !ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               ret = extract_dentries(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       /* If the total number of bytes to extract was miscalculated, just jump
+        * to the calculated number in order to avoid confusing the progress
+        * function.  This should only occur when extracting from a pipe.  */
+       if (ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes != ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
+       {
+               DEBUG("Calculated %"PRIu64" bytes to extract, but actually "
+                     "extracted %"PRIu64,
+                     ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes,
+                     ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes);
+       }
+       if (progress_func &&
+           ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes < ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
+       {
+               ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes = ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes;
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       /* Apply security descriptors and timestamps.  This is done at the end,
+        * and in a depth-first manner, to prevent timestamps from getting
+        * changed by subsequent extract operations and to minimize the chance
+        * of the restored security descriptors getting in our way.  */
+       if (progress_func)
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS,
+                             &ctx.progress);
+       ret = extract_final_metadata(&dentry_list, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_free_realtarget;
+
+       if (progress_func) {
+               int msg;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END;
+               else
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END;
+               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
+       }
+       do_extract_warnings(&ctx);
+       ret = 0;
+out_free_realtarget:
+       FREE(ctx.realtarget);
+out_destroy_stream_list:
+       if (!(ctx.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+               destroy_stream_list(&ctx.stream_list);
+out_finish_or_abort_extract:
+       if (ret) {
+               if (ctx.ops->abort_extract)
+                       ctx.ops->abort_extract(&ctx);
+       } else {
+               if (ctx.ops->finish_extract)
+                       ret = ctx.ops->finish_extract(&ctx);
+       }
+out_destroy_dentry_list:
+       destroy_dentry_list(&dentry_list);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+mkdir_if_needed(const tchar *target)
+{
+       struct stat stbuf;
+       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
+               if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory "
+                                                "\"%"TS"\"", target);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               }
+       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Make sure the extraction flags make sense, and update them if needed.  */
+static int
+check_extract_flags(const WIMStruct *wim, int *extract_flags_p)
+{
+       int extract_flags = *extract_flags_p;
+
+       /* Check for invalid flag combinations  */
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                                WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+                                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+                                               WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)) == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+#ifndef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so\n"
+                     "        it cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT) {
+               ERROR("WIMBoot extraction is only supported on Windows!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)) ==
+                                       WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
+       {
+               /* For full-image extraction, do reparse point fixups by default
+                * if the WIM header says they are enabled.  */
+               if (wim->hdr.flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX;
+       }
+
+       /* TODO: Since UNIX data entries are stored in the file resources, in a
+        * completely sequential extraction they may come up before the
+        * corresponding file or symbolic link data.  This needs to be handled
+        * better.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+                                   == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA)
+       {
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+                       WARNING("Setting UNIX file/owner group may "
+                               "be impossible on some\n"
+                               "          symbolic links "
+                               "when applying from a pipe.");
+               } else {
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER;
+                       WARNING("Disabling sequential extraction for "
+                               "UNIX data mode");
+               }
+       }
+
+       *extract_flags_p = extract_flags;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static u32
+get_wildcard_flags(int extract_flags)
+{
+       u32 wildcard_flags = 0;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_ERROR_IF_NO_MATCH;
+       else
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_WARN_IF_NO_MATCH;
+
+       if (default_ignore_case)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+
+       return wildcard_flags;
+}
+
+struct append_dentry_ctx {
+       struct wim_dentry **dentries;
+       size_t num_dentries;
+       size_t num_alloc_dentries;
+};
+
+static int
+append_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct append_dentry_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (ctx->num_dentries == ctx->num_alloc_dentries) {
+               struct wim_dentry **new_dentries;
+               size_t new_length;
+
+               new_length = max(ctx->num_alloc_dentries + 8,
+                                ctx->num_alloc_dentries * 3 / 2);
+               new_dentries = REALLOC(ctx->dentries,
+                                      new_length * sizeof(ctx->dentries[0]));
+               if (new_dentries == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               ctx->dentries = new_dentries;
+               ctx->num_alloc_dentries = new_length;
+       }
+       ctx->dentries[ctx->num_dentries++] = dentry;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                       int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry **trees;
+       size_t num_trees;
+
+       if (wim == NULL || target == NULL || target[0] == T('\0') ||
+           (num_paths != 0 && paths == NULL))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = check_extract_flags(wim, &extract_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
+       ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE)) ==
+           (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE))
+       {
+               ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
+
+               struct append_dentry_ctx append_dentry_ctx = {
+                       .dentries = NULL,
+                       .num_dentries = 0,
+                       .num_alloc_dentries = 0,
+               };
+
+               u32 wildcard_flags = get_wildcard_flags(extract_flags);
+
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+                       ret = expand_wildcard(wim, path,
+                                             append_dentry_cb,
+                                             &append_dentry_ctx,
+                                             wildcard_flags);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+               }
+               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+               num_trees = append_dentry_ctx.num_dentries;
+       } else {
+               trees = MALLOC(num_paths * sizeof(trees[0]));
+               if (trees == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
+
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+
+                       trees[i] = get_dentry(wim, path,
+                                             WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (trees[i] == NULL) {
+                                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist "
+                                       "in WIM image %d",
+                                       paths[i], wim->current_image);
+                                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
+                                 goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+               }
+               num_trees = num_paths;
+       }
+
+       if (num_trees == 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out_free_trees;
+       }
+
+       ret = extract_trees(wim, trees, num_trees,
+                           target, extract_flags, progress_func);
+out_free_trees:
+       FREE(trees);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_single_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
+                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       const tchar *path = WIMLIB_WIM_ROOT_PATH;
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, &path, 1,
+                                      extract_flags, progress_func);
+}
+
+static const tchar * const filename_forbidden_chars =
+T(
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+"<>:\"/\\|?*"
+#else
+"/"
+#endif
+);
+
+/* This function checks if it is okay to use a WIM image's name as a directory
+ * name.  */
+static bool
+image_name_ok_as_dir(const tchar *image_name)
+{
+       return image_name && *image_name &&
+               !tstrpbrk(image_name, filename_forbidden_chars) &&
+               tstrcmp(image_name, T(".")) &&
+               tstrcmp(image_name, T(".."));
+}
+
+/* Extracts all images from the WIM to the directory @target, with the images
+ * placed in subdirectories named by their image names. */
+static int
+extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
+                  const tchar *target,
+                  int extract_flags,
+                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(wim), 20);
+       size_t output_path_len = tstrlen(target);
+       tchar buf[output_path_len + 1 + image_name_max_len + 1];
+       int ret;
+       int image;
+       const tchar *image_name;
+
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               ERROR("Cannot extract multiple images in NTFS extraction mode.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       }
+
+       ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       tmemcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
+       buf[output_path_len] = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
+       for (image = 1; image <= wim->hdr.image_count; image++) {
+               image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim, image);
+               if (image_name_ok_as_dir(image_name)) {
+                       tstrcpy(buf + output_path_len + 1, image_name);
+               } else {
+                       /* Image name is empty or contains forbidden characters.
+                        * Use image number instead. */
+                       tsprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, T("%d"), image);
+               }
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags,
+                                          progress_func);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+clear_lte_extracted_file(WIMStruct *wim, int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (unlikely(extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)))
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
+                       int image,
+                       const tchar *target,
+                       int extract_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
+               ret = extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags,
+                                        progress_func);
+       else
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
+                                          progress_func);
+
+       clear_lte_extracted_file(wim, extract_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                          Extraction API                                  *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                    int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, paths, num_paths,
+                                     extract_flags, progress_func);
+       clear_lte_extracted_file(wim, extract_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_pathlist(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar *path_list_file, int extract_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       tchar **paths;
+       size_t num_paths;
+       void *mem;
+
+       ret = read_path_list_file(path_list_file, &paths, &num_paths, &mem);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR("Failed to read path list file \"%"TS"\"",
+                     path_list_file);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       ret = wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
+                                  (const tchar * const *)paths, num_paths,
+                                  extract_flags, progress_func);
+       FREE(paths);
+       FREE(mem);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                              const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+                              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       WIMStruct *pwm;
+       struct filedes *in_fd;
+       int image;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* Read the WIM header from the pipe and get a WIMStruct to represent
+        * the pipable WIM.  Caveats:  Unlike getting a WIMStruct with
+        * wimlib_open_wim(), getting a WIMStruct in this way will result in
+        * an empty lookup table, no XML data read, and no filename set.  */
+       ret = open_wim_as_WIMStruct(&pipe_fd,
+                                   WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_FROM_PIPE,
+                                   &pwm, progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Sanity check to make sure this is a pipable WIM.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.magic != PWM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("The WIM being read from file descriptor %d "
+                     "is not pipable!", pipe_fd);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_PIPABLE;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
+       }
+
+       /* Sanity check to make sure the first part of a pipable split WIM is
+        * sent over the pipe first.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.part_number != 1) {
+               ERROR("The first part of the split WIM must be "
+                     "sent over the pipe first.");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
+       }
+
+       in_fd = &pwm->in_fd;
+       wimlib_assert(in_fd->offset == WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE);
+
+       /* As mentioned, the WIMStruct we created from the pipe does not have
+        * XML data yet.  Fix this by reading the extra copy of the XML data
+        * that directly follows the header in pipable WIMs.  (Note: see
+        * write_pipable_wim() for more details about the format of pipable
+        * WIMs.)  */
+       {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry xml_lte;
+               struct wim_resource_spec xml_rspec;
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, &xml_lte, &xml_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (!(xml_lte.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
+               {
+                       ERROR("Expected XML data, but found non-metadata "
+                             "stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               wim_res_spec_to_hdr(&xml_rspec, &pwm->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
+
+               ret = read_wim_xml_data(pwm);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (wim_info_get_num_images(pwm->wim_info) != pwm->hdr.image_count) {
+                       ERROR("Image count in XML data is not the same as in WIM header.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_IMAGE_COUNT;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Get image index (this may use the XML data that was just read to
+        * resolve an image name).  */
+       if (image_num_or_name) {
+               image = wimlib_resolve_image(pwm, image_num_or_name);
+               if (image == WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE) {
+                       ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a valid image in the pipable WIM!",
+                             image_num_or_name);
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               } else if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported!");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (pwm->hdr.image_count != 1) {
+                       ERROR("No image was specified, but the pipable WIM "
+                             "did not contain exactly 1 image");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               image = 1;
+       }
+
+       /* Load the needed metadata resource.  */
+       for (i = 1; i <= pwm->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               struct wim_resource_spec *metadata_rspec;
+
+               metadata_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+               if (metadata_lte == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               metadata_rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+               if (metadata_rspec == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       free_lookup_table_entry(metadata_lte);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, metadata_lte, metadata_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               imd = pwm->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               imd->metadata_lte = metadata_lte;
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(metadata_rspec);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (!(metadata_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)) {
+                       ERROR("Expected metadata resource, but found "
+                             "non-metadata stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (i == image) {
+                       /* Metadata resource is for the image being extracted.
+                        * Parse it and save the metadata in memory.  */
+                       ret = read_metadata_resource(pwm, imd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+                       imd->modified = 1;
+               } else {
+                       /* Metadata resource is not for the image being
+                        * extracted.  Skip over it.  */
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(metadata_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Extract the image.  */
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE;
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_image(pwm, image, target,
+                                     extract_flags, progress_func);
+       /* Clean up and return.  */
+out_wimlib_free:
+       wimlib_free(pwm);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
+                                      progress_func);
 }