]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/extract.c
extract_trees(): Correctly destroy stream list in error path
[wimlib] / src / extract.c
index 115d5ead871486172627e7b0aa74d0e562edf1a0..9cbac117f54438d25372c90cb43dd4df4c327bb5 100644 (file)
 
 /*
  * This file provides the API functions wimlib_extract_image(),
- * wimlib_extract_files(), and wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe().  Internally,
- * all end up calling extract_tree() zero or more times to extract a tree of
- * files from the currently selected WIM image to the specified target directory
- * or NTFS volume.
+ * wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(), wimlib_extract_files(),
+ * wimlib_extract_paths(), and wimlib_extract_pathlist().  Internally, all end
+ * up calling do_wimlib_extract_paths() and extract_trees().
  *
  * Although wimlib supports multiple extraction modes/backends (NTFS-3g, UNIX,
  * Win32), this file does not itself have code to extract files or directories
@@ -49,6 +48,7 @@
 #include "wimlib/error.h"
 #include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
 #include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/pathlist.h"
 #include "wimlib/paths.h"
 #include "wimlib/reparse.h"
 #include "wimlib/resource.h"
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* for realpath() equivalent */
 #endif
 #include "wimlib/xml.h"
+#include "wimlib/wildcard.h"
 #include "wimlib/wim.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE 0x80000000
 #define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x40000000
-#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC      0x3fffffff
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILEMODE    0x20000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE   0x10000000
+
+/* Keep in sync with wimlib.h  */
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC                             \
+       (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS                       |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK                   |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX                      |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS          |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS            |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME                     |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES              |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE)
 
-/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, resolve all streams in the
- * corresponding inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.  */
-static int
-dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+static bool
+dentry_in_list(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       int ret;
-       bool force = false;
-
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
-        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
-        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
-        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
-        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
-               force = true;
-       ret = inode_resolve_ltes(inode, ctx->wim->lookup_table, force);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
-               if (lte)
-                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return dentry->extraction_list.next != NULL;
 }
 
 static inline bool
@@ -114,120 +115,6 @@ can_extract_named_data_streams(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
        return ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams &&
                !is_linked_extraction(ctx);
 }
-
-static int
-ref_stream_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                     struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       if (!lte)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
-        * links).  */
-       if (!(dentry->d_inode->i_visited &&
-             ctx->supported_features.hard_links) &&
-           (!is_linked_extraction(ctx) || (lte->out_refcnt == 0 &&
-                                           lte->extracted_file == NULL)))
-       {
-               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-               ctx->progress.extract.num_streams++;
-       }
-
-       /* Add stream to the extraction_list only one time, even if it's going
-        * to be extracted to multiple locations.  */
-       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
-               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
-               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
-       }
-
-       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL) {
-               struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
-
-               /* Append dentry to this stream's array of dentries referencing
-                * it.  Use inline array to avoid memory allocation until the
-                * number of dentries becomes too large.  */
-               if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
-                       lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
-               } else {
-                       struct wim_dentry **prev_lte_dentries;
-                       size_t alloc_lte_dentries;
-
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
-                               prev_lte_dentries = NULL;
-                               alloc_lte_dentries = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries);
-                       } else {
-                               prev_lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
-                               alloc_lte_dentries = lte->alloc_lte_dentries;
-                       }
-
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_lte_dentries) {
-                               alloc_lte_dentries *= 2;
-                               lte_dentries = REALLOC(prev_lte_dentries,
-                                                      alloc_lte_dentries *
-                                                       sizeof(lte_dentries[0]));
-                               if (!lte_dentries)
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                               if (prev_lte_dentries == NULL) {
-                                       memcpy(lte_dentries,
-                                              lte->inline_lte_dentries,
-                                              sizeof(lte->inline_lte_dentries));
-                               }
-                               lte->lte_dentries = lte_dentries;
-                               lte->alloc_lte_dentries = alloc_lte_dentries;
-                       }
-                       lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
-               }
-               lte_dentries[lte->out_refcnt] = dentry;
-       }
-       lte->out_refcnt++;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, iterate through streams that
- * need to be extracted.  For each one, add it to the list of streams to be
- * extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so, and also update the
- * progress information (ctx->progress) with the stream.  Furthermore, if doing
- * a sequential extraction, build a mapping from each the stream to the dentries
- * referencing it.
- *
- * This uses the i_visited member of the inodes (assumed to be 0 initially).  */
-static int
-dentry_add_streams_to_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       int ret;
-
-       /* Don't process dentries marked as skipped.  */
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
-        * unlikely case.  */
-       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
-               ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode),
-                                           dentry, ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-
-       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
-        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
-        * a linked extraction.  */
-       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
-                               continue;
-                       ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte,
-                                                   dentry, ctx);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
-       }
-       inode->i_visited = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
 /* Inform library user of progress of stream extraction following the successful
  * extraction of a copy of the stream specified by @lte.  */
 static void
@@ -237,7 +124,7 @@ update_extract_progress(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
        wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func = ctx->progress_func;
        union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
 
-       progress->extract.completed_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
+       progress->extract.completed_bytes += lte->size;
        if (progress_func &&
            progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress)
        {
@@ -534,10 +421,10 @@ error:
  * This function operates slightly differently depending on whether @lte_spec is
  * NULL or not.  When @lte_spec is NULL, the behavior is to extract the default
  * file contents (unnamed stream), and, if named data streams are supported in
- * the extract mode and volume, any named data streams.  When @lte_spec is NULL,
- * the behavior is to extract only all copies of the stream @lte_spec, and in
- * addition use @lte_spec to set the reparse data or create the symbolic link if
- * appropriate.
+ * the extract mode and volume, any named data streams.  When @lte_spec is not
+ * NULL, the behavior is to extract only all copies of the stream @lte_spec, and
+ * in addition use @lte_spec to set the reparse data or create the symbolic link
+ * if appropriate.
  *
  * @path
  *     Path to file to extract (as can be passed to apply_operations
@@ -568,7 +455,7 @@ extract_streams(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
        file_spec_t file_spec;
        int ret;
 
-       if (dentry->was_hardlinked)
+       if (dentry->was_linked)
                return 0;
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
@@ -666,7 +553,8 @@ extract_file_attributes(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
        int ret;
 
        if (ctx->ops->set_file_attributes &&
-           !(dentry == ctx->extract_root && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)) {
+           !(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES) &&
+           !(dentry == ctx->target_dentry && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)) {
                u32 attributes = dentry->d_inode->i_attributes;
 
                /* Clear unsupported attributes.  */
@@ -708,7 +596,7 @@ extract_short_name(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
 
        /* The root of the dentry tree being extracted may not be extracted to
         * its original name, so its short name should be ignored.  */
-       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root)
+       if (dentry == ctx->target_dentry)
                return 0;
 
        if (ctx->supported_features.short_names) {
@@ -739,7 +627,7 @@ extract_security(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
        if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS)
                return 0;
 
-       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
+       if ((ctx->target_dentry == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
                return 0;
 
 #ifndef __WIN32__
@@ -808,7 +696,7 @@ extract_timestamps(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        int ret;
 
-       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
+       if ((ctx->target_dentry == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
                return 0;
 
        if (ctx->ops->set_timestamps) {
@@ -856,7 +744,7 @@ dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
  * format understood by the callbacks in the apply_operations being used.
  *
  * Write the resulting path into @path, which must have room for at least
- * ctx->ops->max_path characters including the null-terminator.
+ * ctx->ops->path_max characters.
  *
  * Return %true if successful; %false if this WIM dentry doesn't actually need
  * to be extracted or if the calculated path exceeds ctx->ops->max_path
@@ -866,7 +754,7 @@ dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
  * until the extraction root.  */
 static bool
 build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                     struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+                     const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
        size_t path_nchars;
        LIST_HEAD(ancestor_list);
@@ -875,9 +763,6 @@ build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
        size_t target_prefix_nchars;
        struct wim_dentry *d;
 
-       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
-               return false;
-
        path_nchars = ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
 
        if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths) {
@@ -892,7 +777,10 @@ build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
        }
        path_nchars += target_prefix_nchars;
 
-       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent) {
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->target_dentry; d = d->parent) {
+               if (!dentry_in_list(d))
+                       break;
+
                path_nchars += d->extraction_name_nchars + 1;
                list_add(&d->tmp_list, &ancestor_list);
        }
@@ -949,7 +837,7 @@ extract_multiimage_symlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
        int ret;
 
        num_raw_path_components = 0;
-       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent)
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->target_dentry; d = d->parent)
                num_raw_path_components++;
 
        if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths)
@@ -1041,7 +929,7 @@ do_dentry_extract_skeleton(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
 
        /* Create this file or directory unless it's the extraction root, which
         * was already created if necessary.  */
-       if (dentry != ctx->extract_root) {
+       if (dentry != ctx->target_dentry) {
                ret = extract_inode(path, ctx, inode);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
@@ -1107,14 +995,14 @@ symlink:
        ret = extract_multiimage_symlink(oldpath, path, ctx, dentry);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
+       dentry->was_linked = 1;
        return 0;
 
 hardlink:
        ret = extract_hardlink(oldpath, path, ctx);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
+       dentry->was_linked = 1;
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1124,9 +1012,8 @@ hardlink:
  * apply_operations.requires_short_name_reordering for more details about short
  * name reordering.  */
 static int
-dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
        struct wim_dentry *orig_dentry;
        struct wim_dentry *other_dentry;
@@ -1143,7 +1030,8 @@ dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
        {
                inode_for_each_dentry(other_dentry, dentry->d_inode) {
                        if (dentry_has_short_name(other_dentry)
-                           && !other_dentry->skeleton_extracted)
+                           && !other_dentry->skeleton_extracted
+                           && dentry_in_list(other_dentry))
                        {
                                DEBUG("Creating %"TS" before %"TS" "
                                      "to guarantee correct DOS name extraction",
@@ -1173,21 +1061,11 @@ again:
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-dentry_extract_dir_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
-               return dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, _ctx);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Create a file or directory, then immediately extract all streams.  This
- * assumes that WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL is not specified, since the WIM
+/* Create a file or directory, then immediately extract all streams.  The WIM
  * may not be read sequentially by this function.  */
 static int
-dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
        int ret;
 
@@ -1201,210 +1079,354 @@ dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
        return extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-/* Extract all instances of the stream @lte that are being extracted in this
- * call of extract_tree().  @can_seek specifies whether the WIM file descriptor
- * is seekable or not (e.g. is a pipe).  If not and the stream needs to be
- * extracted multiple times, it is extracted to a temporary file first.
- *
- * This is intended for use with sequential extraction of a WIM image
- * (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL specified).  */
+/* Finish extracting a file, directory, or symbolic link by setting file
+ * security and timestamps.  */
 static int
-extract_stream_instances(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                        struct apply_ctx *ctx, bool can_seek)
+dentry_extract_final(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_tmp = NULL;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override;
-       tchar *stream_tmp_filename = NULL;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
-       unsigned i;
        int ret;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
 
-       if (lte->out_refcnt <= ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
-               lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
-       else
-               lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
 
-       if (likely(can_seek || lte->out_refcnt < 2)) {
-               lte_override = lte;
-       } else {
-               /* Need to extract stream to temporary file.  */
-               struct filedes fd;
-               int raw_fd;
-
-               stream_tmp_filename = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
-               if (!stream_tmp_filename) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                       goto out;
-               }
+       ret = extract_security(path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-               lte_tmp = memdup(lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
-               if (!lte_tmp) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_stream_tmp_filename;
-               }
-               lte_tmp->resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
-               lte_tmp->file_on_disk = stream_tmp_filename;
-               lte_override = lte_tmp;
-
-               raw_fd = topen(stream_tmp_filename,
-                              O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0600);
-               if (raw_fd < 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open temporary file");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-                       goto out_free_lte_tmp;
-               }
-               filedes_init(&fd, raw_fd);
-               ret = extract_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, &fd,
-                                                wim_resource_size(lte));
-               if (filedes_close(&fd) && !ret)
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_final_set_attributes_pass) {
+               /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
+               ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 1);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out_unlink_stream_tmp_file;
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       /* Extract all instances of the stream, reading either from the stream
-        * in the WIM file or from the temporary file containing the stream.
-        * dentry->tmp_flag is used to ensure that each dentry is processed only
-        * once regardless of how many times this stream appears in the streams
-        * of the corresponding inode.  */
-       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
-               struct wim_dentry *dentry = lte_dentries[i];
-
-               if (dentry->tmp_flag)
-                       continue;
-               if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
-                       continue;
-               ret = extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry,
-                                     lte, lte_override);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_clear_tmp_flags;
-               dentry->tmp_flag = 1;
-       }
-       ret = 0;
-out_clear_tmp_flags:
-       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++)
-               lte_dentries[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
-out_unlink_stream_tmp_file:
-       if (stream_tmp_filename)
-               tunlink(stream_tmp_filename);
-out_free_lte_tmp:
-       FREE(lte_tmp);
-out_free_stream_tmp_filename:
-       FREE(stream_tmp_filename);
-out:
-       return ret;
+       return extract_timestamps(path, ctx, dentry);
 }
 
-/* Extracts a list of streams (ctx.stream_list), assuming that the directory
- * structure and empty files were already created.  This relies on the
- * per-`struct wim_lookup_table_entry' list of dentries that reference each
- * stream that was constructed earlier.  Streams are extracted exactly in the
- * order of the stream list; however, unless the WIM's file descriptor is
- * detected to be non-seekable, streams may be read from the WIM file more than
- * one time if multiple copies need to be extracted.  */
 static int
-extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+extract_structure(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       bool can_seek;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
        int ret;
 
-       can_seek = (lseek(ctx->wim->in_fd.fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) != -1);
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx->stream_list, extraction_list) {
-               ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, ctx, can_seek);
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
-#define PWM_SILENT_EOF   0x00002
-
-/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
 static int
-read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
+extract_dir_structure(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       union {
-               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
-               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
-       } buf;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
        int ret;
 
-       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
-       if (ret)
-               goto read_error;
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               if (dentry_is_directory(dentry)) {
+                       ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) && buf.stream_hdr.magic == PWM_MAGIC) {
-               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
-               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
-                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+static int
+extract_dentries(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract(dentry, ctx);
                if (ret)
-                       goto read_error;
-               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
-               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
-               return 0;
+                       return ret;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (buf.stream_hdr.magic != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
-               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
-       }
+static int
+extract_final_metadata(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
-       lte->resource_entry.original_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
-       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
-       lte->resource_entry.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
-       lte->resource_entry.offset = pwm->in_fd.offset;
-       lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_WIM;
-       lte->wim = pwm;
-       if (lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
-               lte->compression_type = pwm->compression_type;
-               lte->resource_entry.size = 0;
-       } else {
-               lte->compression_type = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NONE;
-               lte->resource_entry.size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
+       list_for_each_entry_reverse(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_extract_final(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
-       lte->is_pipable = 1;
        return 0;
-
-read_error:
-       if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE || !(flags & PWM_SILENT_EOF))
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
-       return ret;
 }
 
-/* Skip over an unneeded stream in a pipable WIM being read from a pipe.  */
+/* Creates a temporary file opened for writing.  The open file descriptor is
+ * returned in @fd_ret and its name is returned in @name_ret (dynamically
+ * allocated).  */
 static int
-skip_pwm_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
+create_temporary_file(struct filedes *fd_ret, tchar **name_ret)
 {
-       return read_partial_wim_resource(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
-                                        NULL, NULL,
-                                        WIMLIB_READ_RESOURCE_FLAG_SEEK_ONLY,
-                                        0);
+       tchar *name;
+       int raw_fd;
+
+retry:
+       name = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
+       if (name == NULL) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       raw_fd = topen(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0600);
+
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               if (errno == EEXIST) {
+                       FREE(name);
+                       goto retry;
+               }
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open temporary file \"%"TS"\"", name);
+               FREE(name);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
+
+       filedes_init(fd_ret, raw_fd);
+       *name_ret = name;
+       return 0;
 }
 
+/* Extract all instances of the stream @lte that are being extracted in this
+ * call of extract_tree(), but actually read the stream data from @lte_override.
+ */
 static int
-extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+extract_stream_instances(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override,
+                        struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
-       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       size_t i;
        int ret;
-       int pwm_flags;
 
-       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
-       if (!found_lte)
-               goto out;
+       if (lte->out_refcnt <= ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+               lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+       else
+               lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
 
-       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
-       pwm_flags = PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR;
-       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry = lte_dentries[i];
+
+               if (dentry->tmp_flag)
+                       continue;
+               if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+                       continue;
+               ret = extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, lte, lte_override);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_clear_tmp_flags;
+               dentry->tmp_flag = 1;
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out_clear_tmp_flags:
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++)
+               lte_dentries[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Determine whether the specified stream needs to be extracted to a temporary
+ * file or not.
+ *
+ * @lte->out_refcnt specifies the number of instances of this stream that must
+ * be extracted.
+ *
+ * @is_partial_res is %true if this stream is just one of multiple in a single
+ * WIM resource being extracted.  */
+static bool
+need_tmpfile_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       bool is_partial_res)
+{
+       /* Temporary file is always required when reading a partial resource,
+        * since in that case we retrieve all the contained streams in one pass.
+        * */
+       if (is_partial_res)
+               return true;
+
+       /* Otherwise we don't need a temporary file if only a single instance of
+        * the stream is needed.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 1)
+               return false;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt >= 2);
+
+       /* We also don't need a temporary file if random access to the stream is
+        * allowed.  */
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM ||
+           filedes_is_seekable(&lte->rspec->wim->in_fd))
+               return false;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+static int
+begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                               bool is_partial_res,
+                               void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!need_tmpfile_to_extract(lte, is_partial_res)) {
+               DEBUG("Temporary file not needed "
+                     "for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+               ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Temporary file needed for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+       return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+}
+
+static int
+end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                             int status, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte_override;
+       int ret;
+       int errno_save = errno;
+
+       ret = filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+
+       if (status) {
+               ret = status;
+               errno = errno_save;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing temporary file %"TS, ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       /* Now that a full stream has been extracted to a temporary file,
+        * extract all instances of it to the actual target.  */
+
+       memcpy(&lte_override, lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+       lte_override.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+       lte_override.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+
+       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, &lte_override, ctx);
+
+out_delete_tmpfile:
+       errno_save = errno;
+       tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       errno = errno_save;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Extracts a list of streams (ctx.stream_list), assuming that the directory
+ * structure and empty files were already created.  This relies on the
+ * per-`struct wim_lookup_table_entry' list of dentries that reference each
+ * stream that was constructed earlier.  */
+static int
+extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+               .begin_stream           = begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
+               .begin_stream_ctx       = ctx,
+               .consume_chunk          = extract_chunk_to_fd,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx      = &ctx->tmpfile_fd,
+               .end_stream             = end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
+               .end_stream_ctx         = ctx,
+       };
+       return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
+                               offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, extraction_list),
+                               &cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
+}
+
+#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
+#define PWM_SILENT_EOF   0x00002
+
+/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
+static int
+read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
+{
+       union {
+               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       } buf;
+       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               goto read_error;
+
+       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) && buf.stream_hdr.magic == PWM_MAGIC) {
+               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
+                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+       }
+
+       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
+
+       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
+       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
+       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+       return 0;
+
+read_error:
+       if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE || !(flags & PWM_SILENT_EOF))
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte;
+       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+       struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       int ret;
+       int pwm_flags;
+
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (found_lte == NULL)
+               goto out;
+
+       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+       if (rspec == NULL)
+               goto out_free_found_lte;
+
+       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
+       pwm_flags = PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR;
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
                pwm_flags |= PWM_SILENT_EOF;
        memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
        ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
@@ -1413,8 +1435,10 @@ extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
                ctx->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
                                   &ctx->progress);
        while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
-               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, pwm_flags,
-                                            &pwm_hdr);
+               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
+                                            pwm_flags, &pwm_hdr);
                if (ret) {
                        if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE &&
                            (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
@@ -1425,23 +1449,66 @@ extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
                }
 
                if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
-                   && !(found_lte->resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
-                   && (needed_lte = lookup_resource(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
+                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
+                   && (needed_lte = lookup_stream(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
                    && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
                {
-                       copy_resource_entry(&needed_lte->resource_entry,
-                                           &found_lte->resource_entry);
-                       needed_lte->resource_location = found_lte->resource_location;
-                       needed_lte->wim               = found_lte->wim;
-                       needed_lte->compression_type  = found_lte->compression_type;
-                       needed_lte->is_pipable        = found_lte->is_pipable;
-
-                       ret = extract_stream_instances(needed_lte, ctx, false);
+                       tchar *tmpfile_name = NULL;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
+
+                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
+                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
+                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
+
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
+
+                       if (needed_lte->out_refcnt > 1) {
+
+                               struct filedes tmpfile_fd;
+
+                               /* Extract stream to temporary file.  */
+                               ret = create_temporary_file(&tmpfile_fd, &tmpfile_name);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+                               }
+
+                               ret = extract_full_stream_to_fd(needed_lte,
+                                                               &tmpfile_fd);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd);
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+
+                               if (filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd)) {
+                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to temporary "
+                                                        "file \"%"TS"\"", tmpfile_name);
+                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+                               memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, needed_lte,
+                                      sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+                               tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+                               tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = tmpfile_name;
+                               lte_override = &tmpfile_lte;
+                       } else {
+                               lte_override = needed_lte;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = extract_stream_instances(needed_lte, lte_override, ctx);
+               delete_tmpfile:
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                       if (tmpfile_name) {
+                               tunlink(tmpfile_name);
+                               FREE(tmpfile_name);
+                       }
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_free_found_lte;
                        ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
                } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
-                       ret = skip_pwm_stream(found_lte);
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_free_found_lte;
                } else {
@@ -1468,6 +1535,8 @@ extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
        }
        ret = 0;
 out_free_found_lte:
+       if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               FREE(rspec);
        free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
 out:
        return ret;
@@ -1477,61 +1546,185 @@ resume_done:
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Finish extracting a file, directory, or symbolic link by setting file
- * security and timestamps.  */
+/* Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ *
+ * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
+ * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
+ * unnamed data stream only.  */
 static int
-dentry_extract_final(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                        const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       int ret;
-       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct filedes _stdout;
 
-       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+       if (inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
+                                  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
+                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
+       }
+
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, lookup_table);
+       if (!lte) {
+               const u8 *hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
+               if (!is_zero_hash(hash))
+                       return stream_not_found_error(inode, hash);
                return 0;
+       }
 
-       ret = extract_security(path, ctx, dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+       return extract_full_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout);
+}
 
-       if (ctx->ops->requires_final_set_attributes_pass) {
-               /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
-               ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 1);
+static int
+extract_dentries_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry **dentries, size_t num_dentries,
+                          const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_dentries; i++) {
+               int ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(dentries[i], lookup_table);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       return extract_timestamps(path, ctx, dentry);
+/**********************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Removes duplicate dentries from the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_duplicate_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               if (!trees[i]->tmp_flag) {
+                       /* Found distinct dentry.  */
+                       trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+                       trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               }
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
 }
 
 /*
- * Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ * Remove dentries that are descendants of other dentries in the array.
  *
- * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
- * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
- * unnamed data stream only.
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
  */
+static size_t
+remove_contained_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *d = trees[i];
+               while (!dentry_is_root(d)) {
+                       d = d->parent;
+                       if (d->tmp_flag)
+                               goto tree_contained;
+               }
+               trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               continue;
+
+       tree_contained:
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
+
 static int
-extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+dentry_append_to_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_dentry_list)
 {
-       int ret = 0;
-       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
-                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-       {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
-                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
-       } else {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-               lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-               if (lte) {
-                       struct filedes _stdout;
-                       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
-                       ret = extract_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, &_stdout,
-                                                        wim_resource_size(lte));
+       struct list_head *dentry_list = _dentry_list;
+       list_add_tail(&dentry->extraction_list, dentry_list);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       dentry->extraction_list = (struct list_head){NULL, NULL};
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_delete_from_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       list_del(&dentry->extraction_list);
+       dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build the preliminary list of dentries to be extracted.
+ *
+ * The list maintains the invariant that if d1 and d2 are in the list and d1 is
+ * an ancestor of d2, then d1 appears before d2 in the list.
+ */
+static void
+build_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct wim_dentry **trees,
+                 size_t num_trees, bool add_ancestors)
+{
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
+
+       /* Add the trees recursively.  */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               for_dentry_in_tree(trees[i], dentry_append_to_list, dentry_list);
+
+       /* If requested, add ancestors of the trees.  */
+       if (add_ancestors) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry = trees[i];
+                       struct wim_dentry *ancestor;
+                       struct list_head *place_after;
+
+                       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+                               continue;
+
+                       place_after = dentry_list;
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->parent;
+                               if (dentry_in_list(ancestor)) {
+                                       place_after = &ancestor->extraction_list;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
+
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->parent;
+                               if (dentry_in_list(ancestor))
+                                       break;
+                               list_add(&ancestor->extraction_list, place_after);
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
                }
        }
-       return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct apply_operations *
+select_apply_operations(int extract_flags)
+{
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
+               return &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
+#endif
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       return &win32_apply_ops;
+#else
+       return &unix_apply_ops;
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifdef __WIN32__
@@ -1581,94 +1774,48 @@ file_name_valid(utf16lechar *name, size_t num_chars, bool fix)
        return true;
 }
 
-static bool
-dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       const utf16lechar *file_name = dentry->file_name;
-       return file_name != NULL &&
-               file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-               (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('\0') ||
-                (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-                 file_name[2] == cpu_to_le16('\0')));
-}
-
 static int
-dentry_mark_skipped(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+dentry_calculate_extraction_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * dentry_calculate_extraction_path-
- *
- * Calculate the actual filename component at which a WIM dentry will be
- * extracted, handling invalid filenames "properly".
- *
- * dentry->extraction_name usually will be set the same as dentry->file_name (on
- * UNIX, converted into the platform's multibyte encoding).  However, if the
- * file name contains characters that are not valid on the current platform or
- * has some other format that is not valid, leave dentry->extraction_name as
- * NULL and set dentry->extraction_skipped to indicate that this dentry should
- * not be extracted, unless the appropriate flag
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES is set in the extract flags, in
- * which case a substitute filename will be created and set instead.
- *
- * Conflicts with case-insensitive names on Windows are handled similarly; see
- * below.
- */
-static int
-dentry_calculate_extraction_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
-{
-       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _args;
        int ret;
 
-       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root || dentry->extraction_skipped)
+       if (dentry == ctx->target_dentry)
                return 0;
 
        if (!dentry_is_supported(dentry, &ctx->supported_features))
                goto skip_dentry;
 
-       if (dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(dentry)) {
-               /* WIM files shouldn't contain . or .. entries.  But if they are
-                * there, don't attempt to extract them. */
-               WARNING("Skipping extraction of unexpected . or .. file "
-                       "\"%"TS"\"", dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               goto skip_dentry;
-       }
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
        if (!ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames)
        {
                struct wim_dentry *other;
                list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list,
                                    case_insensitive_conflict_list)
                {
-                       if (ctx->extract_flags &
-                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
-                               WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
-                                       "case-insensitive name as "
-                                       "\"%"TS"\"; extracting "
-                                       "dummy name instead",
-                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
-                                       dentry_full_path(other));
-                               goto out_replace;
-                       } else {
-                               WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": "
-                                       "has same case-insensitive "
-                                       "name as \"%"TS"\"",
-                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
-                                       dentry_full_path(other));
-                               goto skip_dentry;
+                       if (dentry_in_list(other)) {
+                               if (ctx->extract_flags &
+                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
+                                       WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
+                                               "case-insensitive name as "
+                                               "\"%"TS"\"; extracting "
+                                               "dummy name instead",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto out_replace;
+                               } else {
+                                       WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": "
+                                               "has same case-insensitive "
+                                               "name as \"%"TS"\"",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto skip_dentry;
+                               }
                        }
                }
        }
-#else  /* __WIN32__ */
-       wimlib_assert(ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames);
-#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
 
        if (file_name_valid(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, false)) {
-#ifdef __WIN32__
+#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
                dentry->extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
                dentry->extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
                return 0;
@@ -1703,7 +1850,7 @@ out_replace:
 
                tchar *tchar_name;
                size_t tchar_nchars;
-       #ifdef __WIN32__
+       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
                tchar_name = utf16_name_copy;
                tchar_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
        #else
@@ -1720,7 +1867,7 @@ out_replace:
                fixed_name_num_chars += tsprintf(fixed_name + tchar_nchars,
                                                 T(" (invalid filename #%lu)"),
                                                 ++ctx->invalid_sequence);
-       #ifndef __WIN32__
+       #if !TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
                FREE(tchar_name);
        #endif
                dentry->extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
@@ -1732,34 +1879,244 @@ out_replace:
        return 0;
 
 skip_dentry:
-       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_mark_skipped, NULL);
+       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_delete_from_list, NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate the actual filename component at which each WIM dentry will be
+ * extracted, with special handling for dentries that are unsupported by the
+ * extraction backend or have invalid names.
+ *
+ * Note: this has a dependency on start_extract() being called because
+ * ctx.supported_features must be filled in in order to determine whether each
+ * dentry is supported.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM, WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF16_STRING
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                                      struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct list_head *prev, *cur;
+
+       /* Can't use list_for_each_entry() because a call to
+        * dentry_calculate_extraction_name() may delete the current dentry and
+        * its children from the list.  */
+
+       prev = dentry_list;
+       for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+               int ret;
+
+               cur = prev->next;
+               if (cur == dentry_list)
+                       break;
+
+               dentry = list_entry(cur, struct wim_dentry, extraction_list);
+
+               ret = dentry_calculate_extraction_name(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (prev->next == cur)
+                       prev = cur;
+               else
+                       ; /* Current dentry and its children (which follow in
+                            the list) were deleted.  prev stays the same.  */
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Clean up dentry and inode structure after extraction.  */
 static int
-dentry_reset_needs_extraction(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+dentry_resolve_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, int extract_flags,
+                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       bool force = false;
+
+       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
+        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
+        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
+        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
+        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+               force = true;
+       ret = inode_resolve_streams(inode, lookup_table, force);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for (u32 i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
+               if (lte)
+                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, resolve all streams in the corresponding
+ * inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_resolve_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                           struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
-       dentry->extraction_skipped = 0;
-       dentry->was_hardlinked = 0;
-       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 0;
-       inode->i_visited = 0;
-       FREE(inode->i_extracted_file);
-       inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
-       inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
-       if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
-               FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
-       dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_resolve_streams(dentry,
+                                            ctx->extract_flags,
+                                            ctx->wim->lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
 static int
-dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
+ref_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+          struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (!lte)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
+        * links).  */
+       if (!(dentry->d_inode->i_visited &&
+             ctx->supported_features.hard_links) &&
+           (!is_linked_extraction(ctx) || (lte->out_refcnt == 0 &&
+                                           lte->extracted_file == NULL)))
+       {
+               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
+               ctx->progress.extract.num_streams++;
+       }
+
+       /* Add stream to the dentry_list only one time, even if it's going
+        * to be extracted to multiple locations.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
+               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
+       }
+
+       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+
+               /* Append dentry to this stream's array of dentries referencing
+                * it.  Use inline array to avoid memory allocation until the
+                * number of dentries becomes too large.  */
+               if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                       lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+               } else {
+                       struct wim_dentry **prev_lte_dentries;
+                       size_t alloc_lte_dentries;
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = NULL;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries);
+                       } else {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = lte->alloc_lte_dentries;
+                       }
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_lte_dentries) {
+                               alloc_lte_dentries *= 2;
+                               lte_dentries = REALLOC(prev_lte_dentries,
+                                                      alloc_lte_dentries *
+                                                       sizeof(lte_dentries[0]));
+                               if (lte_dentries == NULL)
+                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               if (prev_lte_dentries == NULL) {
+                                       memcpy(lte_dentries,
+                                              lte->inline_lte_dentries,
+                                              sizeof(lte->inline_lte_dentries));
+                               }
+                               lte->lte_dentries = lte_dentries;
+                               lte->alloc_lte_dentries = alloc_lte_dentries;
+                       }
+                       lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+               }
+               lte_dentries[lte->out_refcnt] = dentry;
+       }
+       lte->out_refcnt++;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_ref_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
+        * unlikely case.  */
+       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
+               ret = ref_stream(inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode),
+                                dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
+        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
+        * a linked extraction.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
+                               continue;
+                       ret = ref_stream(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte,
+                                        dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, iterate through the data streams of the
+ * corresponding inode.  For each such stream that is not to be ignored due to
+ * the supported features or extraction flags, add it to the list of streams to
+ * be extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so.
+ *
+ * Also, if doing a sequential extraction, build a mapping from each stream to
+ * the dentries referencing it.
+ *
+ * This also initializes the extract progress info with byte and stream
+ * information.
+ *
+ * Note: This has a dependency on start_extract being called because
+ * ctx.supported_features must be filled in in order to determine whether named
+ * data streams are supported.
+ *
+ * Note: this uses the i_visited member of the inodes (assumed to be 0
+ * initially), but does not reset it.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_ref_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               ret = dentry_ref_streams(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
+static void
+dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct wim_features *features)
 {
-       struct wim_features *features = _features;
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
@@ -1798,22 +2155,28 @@ dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
        if (inode_has_unix_data(inode))
                features->unix_data++;
        inode->i_visited = 1;
-       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Tally the features necessary to extract a dentry tree.  */
+/* Tally the features necessary to extract the specified dentries.  */
 static void
-dentry_tree_get_features(struct wim_dentry *root, struct wim_features *features)
+dentry_list_get_features(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                        struct wim_features *features)
 {
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
        memset(features, 0, sizeof(struct wim_features));
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_tally_features, features);
-       dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(root);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list)
+               dentry_tally_features(dentry, features);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, extraction_list)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
 }
 
 static u32
 compute_supported_attributes_mask(const struct wim_features *supported_features)
 {
-       u32 mask = ~(u32)0;
+       u32 mask = (u32)~0UL;
 
        if (!supported_features->archive_files)
                mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
@@ -1842,215 +2205,144 @@ compute_supported_attributes_mask(const struct wim_features *supported_features)
 static int
 do_feature_check(const struct wim_features *required_features,
                 const struct wim_features *supported_features,
-                int extract_flags,
-                const struct apply_operations *ops,
-                const tchar *wim_source_path)
+                int extract_flags, const struct apply_operations *ops)
 {
-       const tchar *loc;
-       const tchar *mode = T("this extraction mode");
-
-       if (wim_source_path[0] == '\0')
-               loc = T("the WIM image");
-       else
-               loc = wim_source_path;
-
-       /* We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we want
-        * with FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE (which is a dumb flag anyway).  Don't
-        * bother the user about it.  */
-#if 0
-       if (required_features->archive_files && !supported_features->archive_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as archived, but this attribute\n"
-"          is not supported in %"TS".",
-                       required_features->archive_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-#endif
-
-       if (required_features->hidden_files && !supported_features->hidden_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as hidden, but this\n"
-"          attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                       required_features->hidden_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->system_files && !supported_features->system_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as system files,\n"
-"          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                       required_features->system_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->compressed_files && !supported_features->compressed_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being transparently\n"
-"          compressed, but transparent compression is not supported in\n"
-"          %"TS".  These files will be extracted as uncompressed.",
-                       required_features->compressed_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->encrypted_files && !supported_features->encrypted_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
-"           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
-"           will not be extracted.",
-                       required_features->encrypted_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
-           !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu directories in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
-"           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".\n"
-"           These directories will be extracted as unencrypted.",
-                       required_features->encrypted_directories, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
-           !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as not content indexed,\n"
-"          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
-                       required_features->not_context_indexed_files, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->sparse_files && !supported_features->sparse_files)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as sparse, but creating\n"
-"           sparse files is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
-"           will be extracted as non-sparse.",
-                       required_features->sparse_files, loc, mode);
-       }
+       /* File attributes.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES)) {
+               /* Note: Don't bother the user about FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE.
+                * We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we
+                * want with it.  */
+
+               if (required_features->hidden_files &&
+                   !supported_features->hidden_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN of %lu files",
+                               required_features->hidden_files);
+
+               if (required_features->system_files &&
+                   !supported_features->system_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM of %lu files",
+                               required_features->system_files);
+
+               if (required_features->compressed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->compressed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->compressed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->not_context_indexed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->sparse_files &&
+                   !supported_features->sparse_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE of %lu files",
+                               required_features->sparse_files);
+
+               if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
+                   !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED of %lu directories",
+                               required_features->encrypted_directories);
+       }
+
+       /* Encrypted files.  */
+       if (required_features->encrypted_files &&
+           !supported_features->encrypted_files)
+               WARNING("Ignoring %lu encrypted files",
+                       required_features->encrypted_files);
 
+       /* Named data streams.  */
        if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
-           !supported_features->named_data_streams)
+           (!supported_features->named_data_streams ||
+            (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))))
+               WARNING("Ignoring named data streams of %lu files",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams);
+
+       /* Hard links.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->hard_links)
        {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
-"          data streams, which are not supported in %"TS".\n"
-"          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
-                       required_features->named_data_streams, loc, mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support hard links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
+       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+               WARNING("Extracting %lu hard links as independent files",
+                       required_features->hard_links);
 
-       if (unlikely(extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
-                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK)) &&
-           required_features->named_data_streams &&
-           supported_features->named_data_streams)
+       /* Symbolic links and reparse points.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points)
        {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
-"          data streams, which are not supported in linked extraction mode.\n"
-"          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
-                       required_features->named_data_streams, loc);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
-
-       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
+           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
        {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are hard links, but hard links are\n"
-"          not supported in %"TS".  Hard links will be extracted as\n"
-"          duplicate copies of the linked files.",
-                       required_features->hard_links, loc, mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
-
-       if (required_features->reparse_points && !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       if (required_features->reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
        {
                if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
                        if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
-                               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points that are neither\n"
-"          symbolic links nor junction points and are not supported in\n"
-"          %"TS".  These reparse points will not be extracted.",
-                                       required_features->other_reparse_points, loc,
-                                       mode);
+                               WARNING("Ignoring %lu non-symlink/junction "
+                                       "reparse point files",
+                                       required_features->other_reparse_points);
                        }
                } else {
-                       WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points, which are\n"
-"          not supported in %"TS" and will not be extracted.",
-                               required_features->reparse_points, loc, mode);
+                       WARNING("Ignoring %lu reparse point files",
+                               required_features->reparse_points);
                }
        }
 
-       if (required_features->security_descriptors &&
-           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" have Windows NT security descriptors,\n"
-"          but extracting security descriptors is not supported in\n"
-"          %"TS".  No security descriptors will be extracted.",
-                       required_features->security_descriptors, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if (required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
-       {
-               WARNING(
-          "%lu files in %"TS" have short (DOS) names, but\n"
-"          extracting short names is not supported in %"TS".\n"
-"          Short names will not be extracted.\n",
-                       required_features->short_names, loc, mode);
-       }
-
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
-           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
-       {
-               ERROR("Extracting UNIX data is not supported in %"TS, mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) &&
-           required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
-       {
-               ERROR("Extracting short names is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
-           !ops->set_timestamps)
-       {
-               ERROR("Extracting timestamps is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-       }
+       /* Security descriptors.  */
        if (((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS |
                               WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
             == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) &&
            required_features->security_descriptors &&
            !supported_features->security_descriptors)
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting security descriptors is not supported in %"TS, mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support security descriptors!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+               WARNING("Ignoring Windows NT security descriptors of %lu files",
+                       required_features->security_descriptors);
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) &&
-           !supported_features->hard_links)
+       /* UNIX data.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
+           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
        {
-               ERROR("Hard link extraction mode requested, but "
-                     "%"TS" does not support hard links!", mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support UNIX data!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
-           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
-           !(supported_features->symlink_reparse_points ||
-             supported_features->reparse_points))
+       /* DOS Names.  */
+       if (required_features->short_names &&
+           !supported_features->short_names)
        {
-               ERROR("Extracting symbolic links is not supported in %"TS, mode);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) {
+                       ERROR("Extraction backend does not support DOS names!");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               }
+               WARNING("Ignoring DOS names of %lu files",
+                       required_features->short_names);
        }
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK) &&
-           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points)
+       /* Timestamps.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
+           !ops->set_timestamps)
        {
-               ERROR("Symbolic link extraction mode requested, but "
-                     "%"TS" does not support symbolic "
-                     "links!", mode);
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support timestamps!");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
+
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2061,7 +2353,7 @@ do_extract_warnings(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
            ctx->no_security_descriptors == 0)
                return;
 
-       WARNING("Extraction of \"%"TS"\" complete, but with one or more warnings:",
+       WARNING("Extraction to \"%"TS"\" complete, but with one or more warnings:",
                ctx->target);
        if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors != 0) {
                WARNING("- Could only partially set the security descriptor\n"
@@ -2079,53 +2371,51 @@ do_extract_warnings(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 #endif
 }
 
-/*
- * extract_tree - Extract a file or directory tree from the currently selected
- *               WIM image.
- *
- * @wim:       WIMStruct for the WIM file, with the desired image selected
- *             (as wim->current_image).
- *
- * @wim_source_path:
- *             "Canonical" (i.e. no leading or trailing slashes, path
- *             separators WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) path inside the WIM image to
- *             extract.  An empty string means the full image.
- *
- * @target:
- *             Filesystem path to extract the file or directory tree to.
- *             (Or, with WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS: the name of a NTFS volume.)
- *
- * @extract_flags:
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.  Also, the private flag
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE will be set if this is being
- *             called through wimlib_extract_image() with WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES as
- *             the image.
- *
- * @progress_func:
- *             If non-NULL, progress function for the extraction.  The messages
- *             that may be sent in this function are:
- *
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; a positive WIMLIB_ERR_* code on failure.
- */
+static void
+destroy_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry, *tmp;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(dentry, tmp, dentry_list, extraction_list) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+               dentry->was_linked = 0;
+               dentry->skeleton_extracted = 0;
+               inode->i_visited = 0;
+               FREE(inode->i_extracted_file);
+               inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
+               inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
+               if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
+                       FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
+               dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list)
+               if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+                       FREE(lte->lte_dentries);
+}
+
 static int
-extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
-            int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+extract_trees(WIMStruct *wim, struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees,
+             const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+             wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       struct wim_dentry *root;
-       struct wim_features required_features;
-       struct apply_ctx ctx;
        int ret;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       struct apply_ctx ctx;
+       struct list_head dentry_list;
+       struct wim_features required_features;
+
+       /* Handle stdout extraction as a separate case.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT)
+               return extract_dentries_to_stdout(trees, num_trees,
+                                                 wim->lookup_table);
 
        /* Start initializing the apply_ctx.  */
        memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(struct apply_ctx));
@@ -2141,83 +2431,85 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
                                                      WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
                ctx.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
                                                                        wim->current_image);
-               ctx.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = wim_source_path;
                ctx.progress.extract.target = target;
        }
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
 
-       /* Translate the path to extract into the corresponding
-        * `struct wim_dentry', which will be the root of the
-        * "dentry tree" to extract.  */
-       root = get_dentry(wim, wim_source_path);
-       if (!root) {
-               ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist in WIM image %d",
-                     wim_source_path, wim->current_image);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-               goto out;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILEMODE) {
+               /* Called from wimlib_extract_files().  There should be only 1
+                * tree, and directory structure should not be preserved.  */
+               wimlib_assert(num_trees == 1);
+               wimlib_assert(extract_flags &
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE);
+               ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(trees[0]);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               ctx.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = trees[0]->_full_path;
+               ctx.target_dentry = trees[0];
+       } else {
+               ctx.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = T("");
+               ctx.target_dentry = wim_root_dentry(wim);
        }
+       /* Note: ctx.target_dentry represents the dentry that gets extracted to
+        * @target.  There may be none, in which case it gets set to the image
+        * root and never matches any of the dentries actually being extracted.
+        */
 
-       ctx.extract_root = root;
+       num_trees = remove_duplicate_trees(trees, num_trees);
 
-       /* Select the appropriate apply_operations based on the
-        * platform and extract_flags.  */
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       ctx.ops = &win32_apply_ops;
-#else
-       ctx.ops = &unix_apply_ops;
-#endif
+       /* All trees are now distinct.  */
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
-               ctx.ops = &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
-#endif
+       num_trees = remove_contained_trees(trees, num_trees);
+
+       /* All trees are now distinct and non-overlapping.  */
+
+       /* Build list of dentries to be extracted.  */
+       build_dentry_list(&dentry_list, trees, num_trees,
+                         !(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE));
+
+       /* Select the appropriate apply_operations based on the platform and
+        * extract_flags.  */
+       ctx.ops = select_apply_operations(extract_flags);
+
+       /* Figure out whether the root dentry is being extracted to the root of
+        * a volume and therefore needs to be treated "specially", for example
+        * not being explicitly created and not having attributes set.  */
+       if (ctx.ops->target_is_root && ctx.ops->root_directory_is_special)
+               ctx.root_dentry_is_special = ctx.ops->target_is_root(target);
 
        /* Call the start_extract() callback.  This gives the apply_operations
         * implementation a chance to do any setup needed to access the volume.
-        * Furthermore, it's expected to set the supported features of this
-        * extraction mode (ctx.supported_features), which are determined at
-        * runtime as they may vary depending on the actual volume.  These
-        * features are then compared with the actual features extracting this
-        * dentry tree requires.  Some mismatches will merely produce warnings
-        * and the unsupported data will be ignored; others will produce errors.
-        */
+        * Furthermore, start_extract() is expected to set the supported
+        * features of this extraction mode (ctx.supported_features), which are
+        * determined at runtime as they may vary depending on the actual
+        * volume.  */
        ret = ctx.ops->start_extract(target, &ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out;
+               goto out_destroy_dentry_list;
 
-       dentry_tree_get_features(root, &required_features);
+       /* Get and check the features required to extract the dentries.  */
+       dentry_list_get_features(&dentry_list, &required_features);
        ret = do_feature_check(&required_features, &ctx.supported_features,
-                              extract_flags, ctx.ops, wim_source_path);
+                              extract_flags, ctx.ops);
        if (ret)
                goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
 
        ctx.supported_attributes_mask =
                compute_supported_attributes_mask(&ctx.supported_features);
 
-       /* Figure out whether the root dentry is being extracted to the root of
-        * a volume and therefore needs to be treated "specially", for example
-        * not being explicitly created and not having attributes set.  */
-       if (ctx.ops->target_is_root && ctx.ops->root_directory_is_special)
-               ctx.root_dentry_is_special = ctx.ops->target_is_root(target);
-
-       /* Calculate the actual filename component of each extracted dentry.  In
-        * the process, set the dentry->extraction_skipped flag on dentries that
-        * are being skipped for some reason (e.g. invalid filename).  */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_calculate_extraction_path, &ctx);
+       /* Calculate extraction name for each dentry and remove subtrees that
+        * can't be extracted due to naming problems.  */
+       ret = dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(&dentry_list, &ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
 
-       /* Build the list of the streams that need to be extracted and
-        * initialize ctx.progress.extract with stream information.  */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
-                                dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt, &ctx);
+       /* Build list of streams to extract.  */
+       ret = dentry_list_resolve_streams(&dentry_list, &ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
-
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
-                                dentry_add_streams_to_extract, &ctx);
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
+       ret = dentry_list_ref_streams(&dentry_list, &ctx);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+               goto out_destroy_stream_list;
 
        if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
                /* When extracting from a pipe, the number of bytes of data to
@@ -2240,30 +2532,6 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
                }
        }
 
-       /* Handle the special case of extracting a file to standard
-        * output.  In that case, "root" should be a single file, not a
-        * directory tree.  (If not, extract_dentry_to_stdout() will
-        * return an error.)  */
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
-               ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(root);
-               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
-       }
-
-       /* If a sequential extraction was specified, sort the streams to be
-        * extracted by their position in the WIM file so that the WIM file can
-        * be read sequentially.  */
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE))
-                                       == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL)
-       {
-               ret = sort_stream_list_by_sequential_order(
-                               &ctx.stream_list,
-                               offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
-                                        extraction_list));
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_teardown_stream_list;
-       }
-
        if (ctx.ops->realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files &&
            ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) ||
             ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
@@ -2271,23 +2539,24 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
                ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
                if (!ctx.realtarget) {
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+                       goto out_destroy_stream_list;
                }
                ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
        }
 
        if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN :
-                                                WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN,
-                             &ctx.progress);
+               int msg;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
+               else
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN;
+               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
        }
 
-       if (!ctx.root_dentry_is_special)
-       {
+       if (!ctx.root_dentry_is_special) {
                tchar path[ctx.ops->path_max];
-               if (build_extraction_path(path, root, &ctx))
-               {
-                       ret = extract_inode(path, &ctx, root->d_inode);
+               if (build_extraction_path(path, ctx.target_dentry, &ctx)) {
+                       ret = extract_inode(path, &ctx, ctx.target_dentry->d_inode);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_free_realtarget;
                }
@@ -2314,23 +2583,24 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
        }
 
        if (ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering) {
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract_dir_skeleton,
-                                        &ctx);
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               ret = extract_dir_structure(&dentry_list, &ctx);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_realtarget;
        }
 
        /* Finally, the important part: extract the tree of files.  */
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)) {
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
                /* Sequential extraction requested, so two passes are needed
-                * (one for directory structure, one for streams.)  */
-               if (progress_func)
+                * (one for file structure, one for streams.)  */
+               if (progress_func && !ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering)
                        progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
                                      &ctx.progress);
 
                if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)) {
-                       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract_skeleton, &ctx);
+                       ret = extract_structure(&dentry_list, &ctx);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_free_realtarget;
                }
@@ -2347,10 +2617,10 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
                /* Sequential extraction was not requested, so we can make do
                 * with one pass where we both create the files and extract
                 * streams.   */
-               if (progress_func)
+               if (progress_func && !ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering)
                        progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
                                      &ctx.progress);
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract, &ctx);
+               ret = extract_dentries(&dentry_list, &ctx);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_realtarget;
                if (progress_func)
@@ -2382,30 +2652,25 @@ extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
        if (progress_func)
                progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS,
                              &ctx.progress);
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, dentry_extract_final, &ctx);
+       ret = extract_final_metadata(&dentry_list, &ctx);
        if (ret)
                goto out_free_realtarget;
 
        if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END :
-                             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END,
-                             &ctx.progress);
+               int msg;
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END;
+               else
+                       msg = WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END;
+               progress_func(msg, &ctx.progress);
        }
-
        do_extract_warnings(&ctx);
-
        ret = 0;
 out_free_realtarget:
        FREE(ctx.realtarget);
-out_teardown_stream_list:
-       /* Free memory allocated as part of the mapping from each
-        * wim_lookup_table_entry to the dentries that reference it.  */
-       if (ctx.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL)
-               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx.stream_list, extraction_list)
-                       if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
-                               FREE(lte->lte_dentries);
-out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction:
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_reset_needs_extraction, NULL);
+out_destroy_stream_list:
+       if (!(ctx.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+               destroy_stream_list(&ctx.stream_list);
 out_finish_or_abort_extract:
        if (ret) {
                if (ctx.ops->abort_extract)
@@ -2414,22 +2679,38 @@ out_finish_or_abort_extract:
                if (ctx.ops->finish_extract)
                        ret = ctx.ops->finish_extract(&ctx);
        }
-out:
+out_destroy_dentry_list:
+       destroy_dentry_list(&dentry_list);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Validates a single wimlib_extract_command, mostly checking to make sure the
- * extract flags make sense. */
 static int
-check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
+mkdir_if_needed(const tchar *target)
 {
-       int extract_flags;
-
-       /* Empty destination path? */
-       if (cmd->fs_dest_path[0] == T('\0'))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       struct stat stbuf;
+       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
+               if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory "
+                                                "\"%"TS"\"", target);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               }
+       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       extract_flags = cmd->extract_flags;
+/* Make sure the extraction flags make sense, and update them if needed.  */
+static int
+check_extract_flags(const WIMStruct *wim, int *extract_flags_p)
+{
+       int extract_flags = *extract_flags_p;
 
        /* Check for invalid flag combinations  */
        if ((extract_flags &
@@ -2455,20 +2736,22 @@ check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)) == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
 #ifndef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
                ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so\n"
-                     "        we cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume.");
+                     "        it cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume.");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-#endif
        }
+#endif
 
        if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == 0)
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)) ==
+                                       WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
        {
-               /* Do reparse point fixups by default if the WIM header says
-                * they are enabled and we are extracting a full image. */
-               if (wim_header_flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
+               /* For full-image extraction, do reparse point fixups by default
+                * if the WIM header says they are enabled.  */
+               if (wim->hdr.flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX;
        }
 
@@ -2477,9 +2760,8 @@ check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
         * corresponding file or symbolic link data.  This needs to be handled
         * better.  */
        if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL))
-                                   == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA |
-                                       WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL))
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+                                   == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA)
        {
                if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
                        WARNING("Setting UNIX file/owner group may "
@@ -2487,165 +2769,172 @@ check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
                                "          symbolic links "
                                "when applying from a pipe.");
                } else {
-                       extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER;
                        WARNING("Disabling sequential extraction for "
                                "UNIX data mode");
                }
        }
 
-       cmd->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       *extract_flags_p = extract_flags;
        return 0;
 }
 
+static u32
+get_wildcard_flags(int extract_flags)
+{
+       u32 wildcard_flags = 0;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_ERROR_IF_NO_MATCH;
+       else
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_WARN_IF_NO_MATCH;
+
+       if (default_ignore_case)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+
+       return wildcard_flags;
+}
+
+struct append_dentry_ctx {
+       struct wim_dentry **dentries;
+       size_t num_dentries;
+       size_t num_alloc_dentries;
+};
 
-/* Internal function to execute extraction commands for a WIM image.  The paths
- * in the extract commands are expected to be already "canonicalized".  */
 static int
-do_wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                       int image,
-                       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                       size_t num_cmds,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+append_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct append_dentry_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (ctx->num_dentries == ctx->num_alloc_dentries) {
+               struct wim_dentry **new_dentries;
+               size_t new_length;
+
+               new_length = max(ctx->num_alloc_dentries + 8,
+                                ctx->num_alloc_dentries * 3 / 2);
+               new_dentries = REALLOC(ctx->dentries,
+                                      new_length * sizeof(ctx->dentries[0]));
+               if (new_dentries == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               ctx->dentries = new_dentries;
+               ctx->num_alloc_dentries = new_length;
+       }
+       ctx->dentries[ctx->num_dentries++] = dentry;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                       int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
        int ret;
-       bool found_link_cmd = false;
-       bool found_nolink_cmd = false;
+       struct wim_dentry **trees;
+       size_t num_trees;
+
+       if (wim == NULL || target == NULL || target[0] == T('\0') ||
+           (num_paths != 0 && paths == NULL))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = check_extract_flags(wim, &extract_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       /* Select the image from which we are extracting files */
        ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Make sure there are no streams in the WIM that have not been
-        * checksummed yet.  */
        ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Check for problems with the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = check_extract_command(&cmds[i], wim->hdr.flags);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-               if (cmds[i].extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) {
-                       found_link_cmd = true;
-               } else {
-                       found_nolink_cmd = true;
-               }
-               if (found_link_cmd && found_nolink_cmd) {
-                       ERROR("Symlink or hardlink extraction mode must "
-                             "be set on all extraction commands");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Execute the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = extract_tree(wim,
-                                  cmds[i].wim_source_path,
-                                  cmds[i].fs_dest_path,
-                                  cmds[i].extract_flags,
-                                  progress_func);
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILEMODE)) ==
+           (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE))
+       {
+               ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
-       return 0;
-}
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                    size_t num_cmds,
-                    int default_extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds_copy;
-       int all_flags = 0;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
 
-       default_extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+               struct append_dentry_ctx append_dentry_ctx = {
+                       .dentries = NULL,
+                       .num_dentries = 0,
+                       .num_alloc_dentries = 0,
+               };
 
-       if (num_cmds == 0)
-               return 0;
+               u32 wildcard_flags = get_wildcard_flags(extract_flags);
 
-       cmds_copy = CALLOC(num_cmds, sizeof(cmds[0]));
-       if (!cmds_copy)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+                       ret = expand_wildcard(wim, path,
+                                             append_dentry_cb,
+                                             &append_dentry_ctx,
+                                             wildcard_flags);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+               }
+               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+               num_trees = append_dentry_ctx.num_dentries;
+       } else {
+               trees = MALLOC(num_paths * sizeof(trees[0]));
+               if (trees == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               cmds_copy[i].extract_flags = (default_extract_flags |
-                                                cmds[i].extract_flags)
-                                               & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-               all_flags |= cmds_copy[i].extract_flags;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
 
-               cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path = canonicalize_wim_path(cmds[i].wim_source_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
-               }
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
 
-               cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path = canonicalize_fs_path(cmds[i].fs_dest_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
+                       trees[i] = get_dentry(wim, path,
+                                             WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (trees[i] == NULL) {
+                                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist "
+                                       "in WIM image %d",
+                                       paths[i], wim->current_image);
+                                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
+                                 goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
                }
-
+               num_trees = num_paths;
        }
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image,
-                                     cmds_copy, num_cmds,
-                                     progress_func);
 
-       if (all_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
-       }
-out_free_cmds_copy:
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path);
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path);
+       if (num_trees == 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out_free_trees;
        }
-       FREE(cmds_copy);
+
+       ret = extract_trees(wim, trees, num_trees,
+                           target, extract_flags, progress_func);
+out_free_trees:
+       FREE(trees);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts an image from a WIM file.
- *
- * @wim:               WIMStruct for the WIM file.
- *
- * @image:             Number of the single image to extract.
- *
- * @target:            Directory or NTFS volume to extract the image to.
- *
- * @extract_flags:     Bitwise or of WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.
- *
- * @progress_func:     If non-NULL, a progress function to be called
- *                     periodically.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
 static int
 extract_single_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
                     const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
                     wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       int ret;
-       tchar *target_copy = canonicalize_fs_path(target);
-       if (!target_copy)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command cmd = {
-               .wim_source_path = T(""),
-               .fs_dest_path = target_copy,
-               .extract_flags = extract_flags,
-       };
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image, &cmd, 1, progress_func);
-       FREE(target_copy);
-       return ret;
+       const tchar *path = T("");
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, &path, 1,
+                                      extract_flags, progress_func);
 }
 
 static const tchar * const filename_forbidden_chars =
@@ -2682,7 +2971,6 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
        int ret;
        int image;
        const tchar *image_name;
-       struct stat stbuf;
 
        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
 
@@ -2691,21 +2979,9 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
 
-       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
-               if (errno == ENOENT) {
-                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
-               }
-       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
-       }
-
+       ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
        tmemcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
        buf[output_path_len] = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
        for (image = 1; image <= wim->hdr.image_count; image++) {
@@ -2725,6 +3001,15 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
        return 0;
 }
 
+static void
+clear_lte_extracted_file(WIMStruct *wim, int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (unlikely(extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)))
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
+}
+
 static int
 do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
                        int image,
@@ -2734,25 +3019,129 @@ do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
 {
        int ret;
 
-       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
                ret = extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags,
                                         progress_func);
-       } else {
+       else
                ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
                                           progress_func);
+
+       clear_lte_extracted_file(wim, extract_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                          Extraction API                                  *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* Note: new code should use wimlib_extract_paths() instead of
+ * wimlib_extract_files() if possible.  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
+                    const struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds, size_t num_cmds,
+                    int default_extract_flags,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int all_flags = 0;
+       int link_flags;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (num_cmds == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       default_extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE;
+
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               int cmd_flags = (cmds[i].extract_flags |
+                                default_extract_flags);
+
+               if (cmd_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+               int cmd_link_flags = (cmd_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                                  WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK));
+               if (i == 0) {
+                       link_flags = cmd_link_flags;
+               } else {
+                       if (cmd_link_flags != link_flags) {
+                               ERROR("The same symlink or hardlink extraction mode "
+                                     "must be set on all extraction commands!");
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+                       }
+               }
+               all_flags |= cmd_flags;
+       }
+       if (all_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
+               ERROR("Glob paths not supported for wimlib_extract_files(). "
+                     "Use wimlib_extract_paths() instead.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
 
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file,
-                                      NULL);
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               int extract_flags = (cmds[i].extract_flags |
+                                    default_extract_flags);
+               const tchar *target = cmds[i].fs_dest_path;
+               const tchar *wim_source_path = cmds[i].wim_source_path;
+
+               ret = do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
+                                             &wim_source_path, 1,
+                                             extract_flags | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILEMODE,
+                                             progress_func);
+               if (ret)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       clear_lte_extracted_file(wim, all_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                    int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, paths, num_paths,
+                                     extract_flags, progress_func);
+       clear_lte_extracted_file(wim, extract_flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_pathlist(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar *path_list_file, int extract_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       tchar **paths;
+       size_t num_paths;
+       void *mem;
+
+       ret = read_path_list_file(path_list_file, &paths, &num_paths, &mem);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR("Failed to read path list file \"%"TS"\"",
+                     path_list_file);
+               return ret;
        }
+
+       ret = wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
+                                  (const tchar * const *)paths, num_paths,
+                                  extract_flags, progress_func);
+       FREE(paths);
+       FREE(mem);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
 wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                               const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
@@ -2764,12 +3153,11 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
        int image;
        unsigned i;
 
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT)
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
        /* Read the WIM header from the pipe and get a WIMStruct to represent
         * the pipable WIM.  Caveats:  Unlike getting a WIMStruct with
@@ -2808,11 +3196,12 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
         * WIMs.)  */
        {
                struct wim_lookup_table_entry xml_lte;
-               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, &xml_lte, 0, NULL);
+               struct wim_resource_spec xml_rspec;
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, &xml_lte, &xml_rspec, 0, NULL);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
 
-               if (!(xml_lte.resource_entry.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
+               if (!(xml_lte.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
                {
                        ERROR("Expected XML data, but found non-metadata "
                              "stream.");
@@ -2820,15 +3209,15 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
 
-               copy_resource_entry(&pwm->hdr.xml_res_entry,
-                                   &xml_lte.resource_entry);
+               wim_res_spec_to_hdr(&xml_rspec, &pwm->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
 
                ret = read_wim_xml_data(pwm);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
+
                if (wim_info_get_num_images(pwm->wim_info) != pwm->hdr.image_count) {
                        ERROR("Image count in XML data is not the same as in WIM header.");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_XML;
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_IMAGE_COUNT;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
        }
@@ -2843,7 +3232,7 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                } else if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported.");
+                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported!");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
@@ -2861,22 +3250,29 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
        for (i = 1; i <= pwm->hdr.image_count; i++) {
                struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
                struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               struct wim_resource_spec *metadata_rspec;
 
                metadata_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
-               if (!metadata_lte) {
+               if (metadata_lte == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               metadata_rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+               if (metadata_rspec == NULL) {
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       free_lookup_table_entry(metadata_lte);
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
 
-               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, metadata_lte, 0, NULL);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, metadata_lte, metadata_rspec, 0, NULL);
                imd = pwm->image_metadata[i - 1];
                imd->metadata_lte = metadata_lte;
-               if (ret)
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(metadata_rspec);
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
 
-               if (!(metadata_lte->resource_entry.flags &
-                     WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
-               {
+               if (!(metadata_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)) {
                        ERROR("Expected metadata resource, but found "
                              "non-metadata stream.");
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
@@ -2884,7 +3280,7 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                }
 
                if (i == image) {
-                       /* Metadata resource is for the images being extracted.
+                       /* Metadata resource is for the image being extracted.
                         * Parse it and save the metadata in memory.  */
                        ret = read_metadata_resource(pwm, imd);
                        if (ret)
@@ -2893,7 +3289,7 @@ wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
                } else {
                        /* Metadata resource is not for the image being
                         * extracted.  Skip over it.  */
-                       ret = skip_pwm_stream(metadata_lte);
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(metadata_lte);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
@@ -2908,15 +3304,12 @@ out_wimlib_free:
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const tchar *target,
-                    int extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
                                       progress_func);
 }