]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/extract.c
Make sequential extraction the default
[wimlib] / src / extract.c
index a3942cf758109b20862612f866c9a1cadf1c3d4b..467452dcbb96a2d512618d9ecd2ae1b7425703ab 100644 (file)
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 /*
  * extract.c
  *
- * Support for extracting WIM files.
- *
- * This code does NOT contain any filesystem-specific features.  In particular,
- * security information (i.e. file permissions) and alternate data streams are
- * ignored, except possibly to read an alternate data stream that contains
- * symbolic link data.
+ * Support for extracting WIM images, or files or directories contained in a WIM
+ * image.
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Carl Thijssen
- * Copyright (C) 2012 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
+/*
+ * This file provides the API functions wimlib_extract_image(),
+ * wimlib_extract_files(), and wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe().  Internally,
+ * all end up calling extract_tree() zero or more times to extract a tree of
+ * files from the currently selected WIM image to the specified target directory
+ * or NTFS volume.
+ *
+ * Although wimlib supports multiple extraction modes/backends (NTFS-3g, UNIX,
+ * Win32), this file does not itself have code to extract files or directories
+ * to any specific target; instead, it handles generic functionality and relies
+ * on lower-level callback functions declared in `struct apply_operations' to do
+ * the actual extraction.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
 
-#include "config.h"
+#include "wimlib/apply.h"
+#include "wimlib/dentry.h"
+#include "wimlib/encoding.h"
+#include "wimlib/endianness.h"
+#include "wimlib/error.h"
+#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/paths.h"
+#include "wimlib/reparse.h"
+#include "wimlib/resource.h"
+#include "wimlib/security.h"
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+#  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* for realpath() equivalent */
+#endif
+#include "wimlib/xml.h"
+#include "wimlib/wim.h"
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-
-#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
-#include <utime.h>
-#endif
-
-
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "dentry.h"
-#include "lookup_table.h"
-#include "timestamp.h"
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
-#include "xml.h"
-
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#include <ntfs-3g/volume.h>
-#endif
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE 0x80000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x40000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC      0x3fffffff
 
-static int extract_regular_file_linked(struct dentry *dentry,
-                                      const char *output_path,
-                                      struct apply_args *args,
-                                      struct lookup_table_entry *lte)
+/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, resolve all streams in the
+ * corresponding inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.  */
+static int
+dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
 {
-       /* This mode overrides the normal hard-link extraction and
-        * instead either symlinks or hardlinks *all* identical files in
-        * the WIM, even if they are in a different image (in the case
-        * of a multi-image extraction) */
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       bool force = false;
 
-       if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) {
-               if (link(lte->extracted_file, output_path) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to hard link "
-                                        "`%s' to `%s'",
-                                        output_path, lte->extracted_file);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
-               }
-       } else {
-               int num_path_components;
-               int num_output_dir_path_components;
-               size_t extracted_file_len;
-               char *p;
-               const char *p2;
-               size_t i;
-
-               num_path_components =
-                       get_num_path_components(dentry->full_path_utf8) - 1;
-               num_output_dir_path_components =
-                       get_num_path_components(args->target);
-
-               if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE) {
-                       num_path_components++;
-                       num_output_dir_path_components--;
-               }
-               extracted_file_len = strlen(lte->extracted_file);
-
-               char buf[extracted_file_len + 3 * num_path_components + 1];
-               p = &buf[0];
-
-               for (i = 0; i < num_path_components; i++) {
-                       *p++ = '.';
-                       *p++ = '.';
-                       *p++ = '/';
-               }
-               p2 = lte->extracted_file;
-               while (*p2 == '/')
-                       p2++;
-               while (num_output_dir_path_components--)
-                       p2 = path_next_part(p2, NULL);
-               strcpy(p, p2);
-               if (symlink(buf, output_path) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to symlink `%s' to "
-                                        "`%s'",
-                                        buf, lte->extracted_file);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
-               }
+       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
+        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
+        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
+        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
+        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+               force = true;
+       ret = inode_resolve_ltes(inode, ctx->wim->lookup_table, force);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
+               if (lte)
+                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int extract_regular_file_unlinked(struct dentry *dentry,
-                                        struct apply_args *args,
-                                        const char *output_path,
-                                        struct lookup_table_entry *lte)
+static inline bool
+is_linked_extraction(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       return 0 != (ctx->extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
+                                          WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK));
+}
+
+static inline bool
+can_extract_named_data_streams(const struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       /* Normal mode of extraction.  Regular files and hard links are
-        * extracted in the way that they appear in the WIM. */
+       return ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams &&
+               !is_linked_extraction(ctx);
+}
 
-       int out_fd;
-       int ret;
-       struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-
-       if (!((args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE)
-               && (args->extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                    WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))))
-       {
-               /* If the dentry is one of a hard link set of at least 2
-                * dentries and one of the other dentries has already been
-                * extracted, make a hard link to the file corresponding to this
-                * already-extracted directory.  Otherwise, extract the file,
-                * and set the inode->extracted_file field so that other
-                * dentries in the hard link group can link to it. */
-               if (inode->link_count > 1) {
-                       if (inode->extracted_file) {
-                               DEBUG("Extracting hard link `%s' => `%s'",
-                                     output_path, inode->extracted_file);
-                               if (link(inode->extracted_file, output_path) != 0) {
-                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to hard link "
-                                                        "`%s' to `%s'",
-                                                        output_path,
-                                                        inode->extracted_file);
-                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
-                               }
-                               return 0;
+static int
+ref_stream_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                     struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (!lte)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
+        * links).  */
+       if (!(dentry->d_inode->i_visited &&
+             ctx->supported_features.hard_links) &&
+           (!is_linked_extraction(ctx) || (lte->out_refcnt == 0 &&
+                                           lte->extracted_file == NULL)))
+       {
+               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
+               ctx->progress.extract.num_streams++;
+       }
+
+       /* Add stream to the extraction_list only one time, even if it's going
+        * to be extracted to multiple locations.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
+               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
+       }
+
+       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+
+               /* Append dentry to this stream's array of dentries referencing
+                * it.  Use inline array to avoid memory allocation until the
+                * number of dentries becomes too large.  */
+               if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                       lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+               } else {
+                       struct wim_dentry **prev_lte_dentries;
+                       size_t alloc_lte_dentries;
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries)) {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = NULL;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries);
+                       } else {
+                               prev_lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+                               alloc_lte_dentries = lte->alloc_lte_dentries;
                        }
-                       FREE(inode->extracted_file);
-                       inode->extracted_file = STRDUP(output_path);
-                       if (!inode->extracted_file) {
-                               ERROR("Failed to allocate memory for filename");
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_lte_dentries) {
+                               alloc_lte_dentries *= 2;
+                               lte_dentries = REALLOC(prev_lte_dentries,
+                                                      alloc_lte_dentries *
+                                                       sizeof(lte_dentries[0]));
+                               if (lte_dentries == NULL)
+                                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               if (prev_lte_dentries == NULL) {
+                                       memcpy(lte_dentries,
+                                              lte->inline_lte_dentries,
+                                              sizeof(lte->inline_lte_dentries));
+                               }
+                               lte->lte_dentries = lte_dentries;
+                               lte->alloc_lte_dentries = alloc_lte_dentries;
                        }
+                       lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
                }
+               lte_dentries[lte->out_refcnt] = dentry;
        }
+       lte->out_refcnt++;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Extract the contents of the file to @output_path. */
+/* Given a WIM dentry in the tree to be extracted, iterate through streams that
+ * need to be extracted.  For each one, add it to the list of streams to be
+ * extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so, and also update the
+ * progress information (ctx->progress) with the stream.  Furthermore, if doing
+ * a sequential extraction, build a mapping from each the stream to the dentries
+ * referencing it.
+ *
+ * This uses the i_visited member of the inodes (assumed to be 0 initially).  */
+static int
+dentry_add_streams_to_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
 
-       out_fd = open(output_path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
-       if (out_fd == -1) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open the file `%s' for writing",
-                                output_path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
-       }
+       /* Don't process dentries marked as skipped.  */
+       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
+               return 0;
 
-       if (!lte) {
-               /* Empty file with no lookup table entry */
-               DEBUG("Empty file `%s'.", output_path);
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
+       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
+        * unlikely case.  */
+       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
+               ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode),
+                                           dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       ret = extract_full_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, out_fd);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR("Failed to extract resource to `%s'", output_path);
-               goto out;
-       }
-       args->progress.extract.completed_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-out:
-       if (close(out_fd) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to close file `%s'", output_path);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
+        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
+        * a linked extraction.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
+                               continue;
+                       ret = ref_stream_to_extract(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte,
+                                                   dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
        }
-       return ret;
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts a regular file from the WIM archive.
- */
-static int extract_regular_file(struct dentry *dentry,
-                               struct apply_args *args,
-                               const char *output_path)
+/* Inform library user of progress of stream extraction following the successful
+ * extraction of a copy of the stream specified by @lte.  */
+static void
+update_extract_progress(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 {
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       const struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
+       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func = ctx->progress_func;
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
 
-       if (lte && (args->extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                          WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)))
+       progress->extract.completed_bytes += lte->size;
+       if (progress_func &&
+           progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress)
        {
-               if (lte->extracted_file) {
-                       return extract_regular_file_linked(dentry, output_path, args, lte);
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, progress);
+               if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >=
+                   progress->extract.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       ctx->next_progress = ~0ULL;
                } else {
-                       lte->extracted_file = STRDUP(output_path);
-                       if (!lte->extracted_file)
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       ctx->next_progress += progress->extract.total_bytes / 128;
+                       if (ctx->next_progress > progress->extract.total_bytes)
+                               ctx->next_progress = progress->extract.total_bytes;
                }
        }
-       return extract_regular_file_unlinked(dentry, args, output_path, lte);
 }
 
-static int extract_symlink(struct dentry *dentry,
-                          struct apply_args *args,
-                          const char *output_path)
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+/* Extract a symbolic link (not directly as reparse data), handling fixing up
+ * the target of absolute symbolic links and updating the extract progress.
+ *
+ * @inode must specify the WIM inode for a symbolic link or junction reparse
+ * point.
+ *
+ * @lte_override overrides the resource used as the reparse data for the
+ * symbolic link.  */
+static int
+extract_symlink(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+               struct wim_inode *inode,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
 {
-       char target[4096];
-       ssize_t ret = inode_readlink(dentry->d_inode, target,
-                                    sizeof(target), args->w, 0);
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       ssize_t bufsize = ctx->ops->path_max;
+       tchar target[bufsize];
+       tchar *buf = target;
+       tchar *fixed_target;
+       ssize_t sret;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* If absolute symbolic link fixups requested, reserve space in the link
+        * target buffer for the absolute path of the target directory.  */
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX)
+       {
+               buf += ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+               bufsize -= ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+       }
+
+       /* Translate the WIM inode's reparse data into the link target.  */
+       sret = wim_inode_readlink(inode, buf, bufsize - 1, lte_override);
+       if (sret < 0) {
+               errno = -sret;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_READLINK;
+       }
+       buf[sret] = '\0';
 
-       if (ret <= 0) {
-               ERROR("Could not read the symbolic link from dentry `%s'",
-                     dentry->full_path_utf8);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+           buf[0] == '/')
+       {
+               /* Fix absolute symbolic link target to point into the
+                * actual extraction destination.  */
+               tmemcpy(target, ctx->realtarget, ctx->realtarget_nchars);
+               fixed_target = target;
+       } else {
+               /* Keep same link target.  */
+               fixed_target = buf;
        }
-       ret = symlink(target, output_path);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to symlink `%s' to `%s'",
-                                output_path, target);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
+
+       /* Call into the apply_operations to create the symbolic link.  */
+       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+             path, fixed_target);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(fixed_target, path, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", path, fixed_target);
+               return ret;
        }
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-       args->progress.extract.completed_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
+
+       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
+       update_extract_progress(ctx,
+                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
+                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
        return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
 
-/*
- * Extracts a directory from the WIM archive.
- *
- * @dentry:            The directory entry for the directory.
- * @output_path:       The path to which the directory is to be extracted to.
- * @return:            True on success, false on failure.
- */
-static int extract_directory(const char *output_path, bool is_root)
+/* Create a file, directory, or symbolic link.  */
+static int
+extract_inode(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_inode *inode)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct stat stbuf;
-       ret = stat(output_path, &stbuf);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               if (S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
-                       /*if (!is_root)*/
-                               /*WARNING("`%s' already exists", output_path);*/
-                       return 0;
-               } else {
-                       ERROR("`%s' is not a directory", output_path);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points &&
+           inode_is_symlink(inode))
+       {
+               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, NULL);
+       } else
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->create_directory(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the directory "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+               }
+       } else if ((inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) &&
+                   ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file &&
+                   ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
+                               path, inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode), ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create and extract "
+                                        "encrypted file \"%"TS"\"", path);
                }
        } else {
-               if (errno != ENOENT) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat `%s'", output_path);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               ret = ctx->ops->create_file(path, ctx, &inode->extract_cookie);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create the file "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
                }
        }
-       /* Compute the output path directory to the directory. */
-       if (mkdir(output_path, S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP |
-                              S_IROTH | S_IXOTH) != 0) {
-               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Cannot create directory `%s'",
-                                output_path);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_hardlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
+                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       DEBUG("Creating hardlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"", newpath, oldpath);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_hardlink(oldpath, newpath, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create hardlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+                                newpath, oldpath);
        }
-       return 0;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts a file, directory, or symbolic link from the WIM archive.  For use
- * in for_dentry_in_tree().
- */
-static int apply_dentry_normal(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+static int
+try_extract_rpfix(u8 *rpbuf,
+                 u16 *rpbuflen_p,
+                 const wchar_t *extract_root_realpath,
+                 unsigned extract_root_realpath_nchars)
 {
-       struct apply_args *args = arg;
-       int extract_flags = args->extract_flags;
-       struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       size_t len;
+       struct reparse_data rpdata;
+       wchar_t *target;
+       size_t target_nchars;
+       size_t stripped_nchars;
+       wchar_t *stripped_target;
+       wchar_t stripped_target_nchars;
        int ret;
 
-       if (dentry->is_extracted)
+       utf16lechar *new_target;
+       utf16lechar *new_print_name;
+       size_t new_target_nchars;
+       size_t new_print_name_nchars;
+       utf16lechar *p;
+
+       ret = parse_reparse_data(rpbuf, *rpbuflen_p, &rpdata);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (extract_root_realpath[0] == L'\0' ||
+           extract_root_realpath[1] != L':' ||
+           extract_root_realpath[2] != L'\\')
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
+
+       ret = parse_substitute_name(rpdata.substitute_name,
+                                   rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes,
+                                   rpdata.rptag);
+       if (ret < 0)
                return 0;
+       stripped_nchars = ret;
+       target = rpdata.substitute_name;
+       target_nchars = rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes / sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       stripped_target = target + stripped_nchars;
+       stripped_target_nchars = target_nchars - stripped_nchars;
+
+       new_target = alloca((6 + extract_root_realpath_nchars +
+                            stripped_target_nchars) * sizeof(utf16lechar));
+
+       p = new_target;
+       if (stripped_nchars == 6) {
+               /* Include \??\ prefix if it was present before */
+               p = wmempcpy(p, L"\\??\\", 4);
+       }
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS)
-               if (inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode))
-                       return 0;
+       /* Print name excludes the \??\ if present. */
+       new_print_name = p;
+       if (stripped_nchars != 0) {
+               /* Get drive letter from real path to extract root, if a drive
+                * letter was present before. */
+               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[0];
+               *p++ = extract_root_realpath[1];
+       }
+       /* Copy the rest of the extract root */
+       p = wmempcpy(p, extract_root_realpath + 2, extract_root_realpath_nchars - 2);
+
+       /* Append the stripped target */
+       p = wmempcpy(p, stripped_target, stripped_target_nchars);
+       new_target_nchars = p - new_target;
+       new_print_name_nchars = p - new_print_name;
+
+       if (new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE ||
+           new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar) >= REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_REPARSE_POINT_FIXUP_FAILED;
+
+       rpdata.substitute_name = new_target;
+       rpdata.substitute_name_nbytes = new_target_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       rpdata.print_name = new_print_name;
+       rpdata.print_name_nbytes = new_print_name_nchars * sizeof(utf16lechar);
+       return make_reparse_buffer(&rpdata, rpbuf, rpbuflen_p);
+}
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */
+
+/* Set reparse data on extracted file or directory that has
+ * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set.  */
+static int
+extract_reparse_data(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                    struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
+{
+       int ret;
+       u8 rpbuf[REPARSE_POINT_MAX_SIZE];
+       u16 rpbuflen;
+
+       ret = wim_inode_get_reparse_data(inode, rpbuf, &rpbuflen, lte_override);
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       /* Fix up target of absolute symbolic link or junction points so
+        * that they point into the actual extraction target.  */
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+           (inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK ||
+            inode->i_reparse_tag == WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT) &&
+           !inode->i_not_rpfixed)
+       {
+               ret = try_extract_rpfix(rpbuf, &rpbuflen, ctx->realtarget,
+                                       ctx->realtarget_nchars);
+               if (ret && !(ctx->extract_flags &
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
+               {
+                       WARNING("Reparse point fixup of \"%"TS"\" "
+                               "failed", path);
+                       ret = 0;
+               }
+               if (ret)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+#endif
 
-       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE) &&
-            args->progress_func)
+       ret = ctx->ops->set_reparse_data(path, rpbuf, rpbuflen, ctx);
+
+       /* On Windows, the SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege is required to create
+        * symbolic links.  To be more friendly towards non-Administrator users,
+        * we merely warn the user if symbolic links cannot be created due to
+        * insufficient permissions or privileges, unless
+        * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS was provided.  */
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (ret && inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+           (errno == EACCES || errno == EPERM) &&
+           !(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS))
        {
-               args->progress.extract.cur_path = dentry->full_path_utf8;
-               args->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY,
-                                   &args->progress);
+               WARNING("Can't set reparse data on \"%"TS"\": "
+                       "Access denied!\n"
+                       "          You may be trying to "
+                       "extract a symbolic link without the\n"
+                       "          SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege, "
+                       "which by default non-Administrator\n"
+                       "          accounts do not have.",
+                       path);
+               ret = 0;
        }
+#endif
+       if (ret)
+               goto error;
 
-       len = strlen(args->target);
-       char output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len + 1];
-       memcpy(output_path, args->target, len);
-       memcpy(output_path + len, dentry->full_path_utf8, dentry->full_path_utf8_len);
-       output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len] = '\0';
+       /* Account for reparse data consumed.  */
+       update_extract_progress(ctx,
+                               (lte_override ? lte_override :
+                                     inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode)));
+       return 0;
 
-       if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
-               ret = extract_symlink(dentry, args, output_path);
-       else if (inode_is_directory(inode))
-               ret = extract_directory(output_path, false);
-       else
-               ret = extract_regular_file(dentry, args, output_path);
-       if (ret == 0)
-               dentry->is_extracted = 1;
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set reparse data on \"%"TS"\"", path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Apply timestamp to extracted file */
-static int apply_dentry_timestamps_normal(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+/*
+ * Extract zero or more streams to a file.
+ *
+ * This function operates slightly differently depending on whether @lte_spec is
+ * NULL or not.  When @lte_spec is NULL, the behavior is to extract the default
+ * file contents (unnamed stream), and, if named data streams are supported in
+ * the extract mode and volume, any named data streams.  When @lte_spec is not
+ * NULL, the behavior is to extract only all copies of the stream @lte_spec, and
+ * in addition use @lte_spec to set the reparse data or create the symbolic link
+ * if appropriate.
+ *
+ * @path
+ *     Path to file to extract (as can be passed to apply_operations
+ *     functions).
+ * @ctx
+ *     Apply context.
+ * @dentry
+ *     WIM dentry that corresponds to the file being extracted.
+ * @lte_spec
+ *     If non-NULL, specifies the lookup table entry for a stream to extract,
+ *     and only that stream will be extracted (although there may be more than
+ *     one instance of it).
+ * @lte_override
+ *     Used only if @lte_spec != NULL; it is passed to the extraction functions
+ *     rather than @lte_spec, allowing the location of the stream to be
+ *     overridden.  (This is used when the WIM is being read from a nonseekable
+ *     file, such as a pipe, when streams need to be used more than once; each
+ *     such stream is extracted to a temporary file.)
+ */
+static int
+extract_streams(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_spec,
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override)
 {
-       struct apply_args *args = arg;
-       size_t len = strlen(args->target);
-       char output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len + 1];
-       const struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       file_spec_t file_spec;
        int ret;
 
-       memcpy(output_path, args->target, len);
-       memcpy(output_path + len, dentry->full_path_utf8, dentry->full_path_utf8_len);
-       output_path[len + dentry->full_path_utf8_len] = '\0';
+       if (dentry->was_hardlinked)
+               return 0;
 
-       struct timeval tv[2];
-       wim_timestamp_to_timeval(inode->last_access_time, &tv[0]);
-       wim_timestamp_to_timeval(inode->last_write_time, &tv[1]);
-       #ifdef HAVE_LUTIMES
-       ret = lutimes(output_path, tv);
-       #else
-       ret = -1;
-       errno = ENOSYS;
-       #endif
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               #ifdef HAVE_UTIME
-               if (errno == ENOSYS) {
-                       struct utimbuf buf;
-                       buf.actime = wim_timestamp_to_unix(inode->last_access_time);
-                       buf.modtime = wim_timestamp_to_unix(inode->last_write_time);
-                       if (utime(output_path, &buf) == 0)
-                               return 0;
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+       if (lte_spec) {
+               char sha1_str[100];
+               char *p = sha1_str;
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < SHA1_HASH_SIZE; i++)
+                       p += sprintf(p, "%02x", lte_override->hash[i]);
+               DEBUG("Extracting stream SHA1=%s to \"%"TS"\"",
+                     sha1_str, path, inode->i_ino);
+       } else {
+               DEBUG("Extracting streams to \"%"TS"\"", path, inode->i_ino);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
+               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
+       else
+               file_spec.path = path;
+
+       /* Unnamed data stream.  */
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
+       if (lte && (!lte_spec || lte == lte_spec)) {
+               if (lte_spec)
+                       lte = lte_override;
+               if (!(inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY |
+                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)))
+               {
+                       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED &&
+                           ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files) {
+                               if (!ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream_creates_file) {
+                                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_encrypted_stream(
+                                                               path, lte, ctx);
+                                       if (ret)
+                                               goto error;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               ret = ctx->ops->extract_unnamed_stream(
+                                                       file_spec, lte, ctx);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto error;
+                       }
+                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
                }
+               else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
+               {
+                       ret = 0;
+                       if (ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
+                               ret = extract_reparse_data(path, ctx, inode, lte);
+               #ifndef __WIN32__
+                       else if ((inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+                                 ctx->supported_features.symlink_reparse_points))
+                               ret = extract_symlink(path, ctx, inode, lte);
                #endif
-               if (errno != ENOSYS || args->num_lutimes_warnings < 10) {
-                       /*WARNING("Failed to set timestamp on file `%s': %s",*/
-                               /*output_path, strerror(errno));*/
-                       args->num_lutimes_warnings++;
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Named data streams.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
+
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
+                               continue;
+                       lte = entry->lte;
+                       if (!lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (lte_spec && lte_spec != lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (lte_spec)
+                               lte = lte_override;
+                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec, entry->stream_name,
+                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                                            lte, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto error;
+                       update_extract_progress(ctx, lte);
                }
        }
        return 0;
-}
 
-static int cmp_streams_by_wim_position(const void *p1, const void *p2)
-{
-       const struct lookup_table_entry *lte1, *lte2;
-       lte1 = *(const struct lookup_table_entry**)p1;
-       lte2 = *(const struct lookup_table_entry**)p2;
-       if (lte1->resource_entry.offset < lte2->resource_entry.offset)
-               return -1;
-       else if (lte1->resource_entry.offset > lte2->resource_entry.offset)
-               return 1;
-       else
-               return 0;
+error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to extract data of \"%"TS"\"", path);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static int sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(struct list_head *stream_list)
+/* Set attributes on an extracted file or directory if supported by the
+ * extraction mode.  */
+static int
+extract_file_attributes(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry, unsigned pass)
 {
-       struct list_head *cur;
-       size_t num_streams;
-       struct lookup_table_entry **array;
-       size_t i;
-       size_t array_size;
-
-       num_streams = 0;
-       list_for_each(cur, stream_list)
-               num_streams++;
-       array_size = num_streams * sizeof(array[0]);
-       array = MALLOC(array_size);
-       if (!array) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes to sort stream entries",
-                     array_size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       cur = stream_list->next;
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++) {
-               array[i] = container_of(cur, struct lookup_table_entry, staging_list);
-               cur = cur->next;
-       }
+       int ret;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->set_file_attributes &&
+           !(dentry == ctx->extract_root && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)) {
+               u32 attributes = dentry->d_inode->i_attributes;
+
+               /* Clear unsupported attributes.  */
+               attributes &= ctx->supported_attributes_mask;
+
+               if ((attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY &&
+                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_directories) ||
+                   (!(attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) &&
+                    !ctx->supported_features.encrypted_files))
+               {
+                       attributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
+               }
 
-       qsort(array, num_streams, sizeof(array[0]), cmp_streams_by_wim_position);
+               if (attributes == 0)
+                       attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++)
-               list_add_tail(&array[i]->staging_list, stream_list);
-       FREE(array);
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_file_attributes(path, attributes, ctx, pass);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set attributes on "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void calculate_bytes_to_extract(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                      int extract_flags,
-                                      union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+
+/* Set or remove the short (DOS) name on an extracted file or directory if
+ * supported by the extraction mode.  Since DOS names are unimportant and it's
+ * easy to run into problems setting them on Windows (SetFileShortName()
+ * requires SE_RESTORE privilege, which only the Administrator can request, and
+ * also requires DELETE access to the file), failure is ignored unless
+ * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES is set.  */
+static int
+extract_short_name(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       struct inode *inode;
-       u64 total_bytes = 0;
-       u64 num_streams = 0;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* The root of the dentry tree being extracted may not be extracted to
+        * its original name, so its short name should be ignored.  */
+       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root)
+               return 0;
 
-       /* For each stream to be extracted... */
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, staging_list) {
-               if (extract_flags &
-                   (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_short_name(path,
+                                              dentry->short_name,
+                                              dentry->short_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                              ctx);
+               if (ret && (ctx->extract_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES))
                {
-                       /* In the symlink or hard link extraction mode, each
-                        * stream will be extracted one time regardless of how
-                        * many dentries share the stream. */
-                       wimlib_assert(!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS));
-                       if (!lte->extracted_file) {
-                               num_streams++;
-                               total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       list_for_each_entry(inode, &lte->inode_list,
-                                           lte_inode_list)
-                       {
-                               num_streams++;
-                               total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-                       }
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set short name of "
+                                        "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       return ret;
                }
        }
-       progress->extract.num_streams = num_streams;
-       progress->extract.total_bytes = total_bytes;
-       progress->extract.completed_bytes = 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(struct lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                                           struct list_head *stream_list)
+/* Set security descriptor, UNIX data, or neither on an extracted file, taking
+ * into account the current extraction mode and flags.  */
+static int
+extract_security(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
-               lte->out_refcnt = 1;
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->inode_list);
-               list_add_tail(&lte->staging_list, stream_list);
-       }
-}
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-static void inode_find_streams_for_extraction(struct inode *inode,
-                                             struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                             int extract_flags)
-{
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       bool inode_added = false;
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS)
+               return 0;
 
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
+       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
+               return 0;
 
-       if (lte) {
-               maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(lte, stream_list);
-               list_add_tail(&inode->lte_inode_list, &lte->inode_list);
-               inode_added = true;
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) {
+               struct wimlib_unix_data data;
+
+               ret = inode_get_unix_data(inode, &data, NULL);
+               if (ret < 0)
+                       ret = 0;
+               else if (ret == 0)
+                       ret = ctx->ops->set_unix_data(path, &data, ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
+                                                "group, and/or mode on "
+                                                "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set UNIX owner, "
+                                                  "group, and/or/mode on "
+                                                  "\"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       }
+               }
        }
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->num_ads; i++) {
-                       if (inode->ads_entries[i].stream_name_len != 0) {
-                               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i + 1);
-                               if (lte) {
-                                       maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(lte,
-                                                                       stream_list);
-                                       if (!inode_added) {
-                                               list_add_tail(&inode->lte_inode_list,
-                                                             &lte->inode_list);
-                                               inode_added = true;
-                                       }
+       else
+#endif /* __WIN32__ */
+       if (ctx->supported_features.security_descriptors &&
+           inode->i_security_id != -1)
+       {
+               const struct wim_security_data *sd;
+               const u8 *desc;
+               size_t desc_size;
+
+               sd = wim_const_security_data(ctx->wim);
+               desc = sd->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
+               desc_size = sd->sizes[inode->i_security_id];
+
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_security_descriptor(path, desc,
+                                                       desc_size, ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set security "
+                                                "descriptor on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                       #if 0
+                               if (errno != EACCES) {
+                                       WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set "
+                                                          "security descriptor "
+                                                          "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
                                }
+                       #endif
+                               ctx->no_security_descriptors++;
                        }
                }
        }
-#endif
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void find_streams_for_extraction(struct hlist_head *inode_list,
-                                       struct list_head *stream_list,
-                                       struct lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                                       int extract_flags)
+/* Set timestamps on an extracted file.  Failure is warning-only unless
+ * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS is set.  */
+static int
+extract_timestamps(const tchar *path, struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                  struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct inode *inode;
-       struct hlist_node *cur;
-       struct dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+
+       if ((ctx->extract_root == dentry) && ctx->root_dentry_is_special)
+               return 0;
 
-       for_lookup_table_entry(lookup_table, lte_zero_out_refcnt, NULL);
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       hlist_for_each_entry(inode, cur, inode_list, hlist) {
-               if (!inode->resolved)
-                       inode_resolve_ltes(inode, lookup_table);
-               inode_for_each_dentry(dentry, inode)
-                       dentry->is_extracted = 0;
-               inode_find_streams_for_extraction(inode, stream_list,
-                                                 extract_flags);
+       if (ctx->ops->set_timestamps) {
+               ret = ctx->ops->set_timestamps(path,
+                                              inode->i_creation_time,
+                                              inode->i_last_write_time,
+                                              inode->i_last_access_time,
+                                              ctx);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
+                                                "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                               return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to set timestamps "
+                                                  "on \"%"TS"\"", path);
+                       }
+               }
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 
-struct apply_operations {
-       int (*apply_dentry)(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg);
-       int (*apply_dentry_timestamps)(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg);
-};
-
-static const struct apply_operations normal_apply_operations = {
-       .apply_dentry = apply_dentry_normal,
-       .apply_dentry_timestamps = apply_dentry_timestamps_normal,
-};
-
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-static const struct apply_operations ntfs_apply_operations = {
-       .apply_dentry = wim_apply_dentry_ntfs,
-       .apply_dentry_timestamps = wim_apply_dentry_timestamps,
-};
-#endif
-
-static int apply_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                            struct apply_args *args,
-                            const struct apply_operations *ops,
-                            wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/* Check whether the extraction of a dentry should be skipped completely.  */
+static bool
+dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                   const struct wim_features *supported_features)
 {
-       uint64_t bytes_per_progress = args->progress.extract.total_bytes / 100;
-       uint64_t next_progress = bytes_per_progress;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       struct inode *inode;
-       struct dentry *dentry;
-       int ret = 0;
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, staging_list) {
-               list_for_each_entry(inode, &lte->inode_list, lte_inode_list) {
-                       inode_for_each_dentry(dentry, inode) {
-                               ret = ops->apply_dentry(dentry, args);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       goto out;
-                               if (args->progress.extract.completed_bytes >= next_progress) {
-                                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS,
-                                                     &args->progress);
-                                       next_progress += bytes_per_progress;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               return supported_features->reparse_points ||
+                       (inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+                        supported_features->symlink_reparse_points);
        }
-out:
-       return ret;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_directories != 0;
+               else
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_files != 0;
+       }
+       return true;
 }
 
-static int extract_single_image(WIMStruct *w, int image,
-                               const char *target, int extract_flags,
-                               wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/* Given a WIM dentry to extract, build the path to which to extract it, in the
+ * format understood by the callbacks in the apply_operations being used.
+ *
+ * Write the resulting path into @path, which must have room for at least
+ * ctx->ops->max_path characters including the null-terminator.
+ *
+ * Return %true if successful; %false if this WIM dentry doesn't actually need
+ * to be extracted or if the calculated path exceeds ctx->ops->max_path
+ * characters.
+ *
+ * This function clobbers the tmp_list member of @dentry and its ancestors up
+ * until the extraction root.  */
+static bool
+build_extraction_path(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct list_head stream_list;
-       struct hlist_head *inode_list;
+       size_t path_nchars;
+       LIST_HEAD(ancestor_list);
+       tchar *p = path;
+       const tchar *target_prefix;
+       size_t target_prefix_nchars;
+       struct wim_dentry *d;
+
+       if (dentry->extraction_skipped)
+               return false;
+
+       path_nchars = ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths) {
+               target_prefix        = ctx->realtarget;
+               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->realtarget_nchars;
+       } else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths) {
+               target_prefix        = ctx->target;
+               target_prefix_nchars = ctx->target_nchars;
+       } else {
+               target_prefix        = NULL;
+               target_prefix_nchars = 0;
+       }
+       path_nchars += target_prefix_nchars;
 
-       struct apply_args args;
-       const struct apply_operations *ops;
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent) {
+               path_nchars += d->extraction_name_nchars + 1;
+               list_add(&d->tmp_list, &ancestor_list);
+       }
 
-       args.w                    = w;
-       args.target               = target;
-       args.extract_flags        = extract_flags;
-       args.num_lutimes_warnings = 0;
-       args.target               = target;
-       args.stream_list          = &stream_list;
-       args.progress_func        = progress_func;
+       path_nchars++; /* null terminator */
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               args.progress.extract.image      = image;
-               args.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(w, image);
-               args.progress.extract.target     = target;
+       if (path_nchars > ctx->ops->path_max) {
+               WARNING("\"%"TS"\": Path too long to extract",
+                       dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return false;
        }
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               args.vol = ntfs_mount(target, 0);
-               if (!args.vol) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to mount NTFS volume `%s'", target);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-               }
+       p = tmempcpy(p, ctx->ops->path_prefix, ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars);
+       p = tmempcpy(p, target_prefix, target_prefix_nchars);
+       list_for_each_entry(d, &ancestor_list, tmp_list) {
+               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
+               p = tmempcpy(p, d->extraction_name, d->extraction_name_nchars);
        }
+       *p++ = T('\0');
+       wimlib_assert(p - path == path_nchars);
+       return true;
+}
+
+static unsigned
+get_num_path_components(const tchar *path, tchar path_separator)
+{
+       unsigned num_components = 0;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       /* Ignore drive letter.  */
+       if (path[0] != L'\0' && path[1] == L':')
+               path += 2;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
-               ops = &ntfs_apply_operations;
+       while (*path) {
+               while (*path == path_separator)
+                       path++;
+               if (*path)
+                       num_components++;
+               while (*path && *path != path_separator)
+                       path++;
+       }
+       return num_components;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_multiimage_symlink(const tchar *oldpath, const tchar *newpath,
+                          struct apply_ctx *ctx, struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       size_t num_raw_path_components;
+       const struct wim_dentry *d;
+       size_t num_target_path_components;
+       tchar *p;
+       const tchar *p_old;
+       int ret;
+
+       num_raw_path_components = 0;
+       for (d = dentry; d != ctx->extract_root; d = d->parent)
+               num_raw_path_components++;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths)
+               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->realtarget,
+                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
+       else if (ctx->ops->requires_target_in_paths)
+               num_target_path_components = get_num_path_components(ctx->target,
+                                                                    ctx->ops->path_separator);
        else
-#endif
-               ops = &normal_apply_operations;
+               num_target_path_components = 0;
 
-       ret = select_wim_image(w, image);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE) {
+               wimlib_assert(num_target_path_components > 0);
+               num_raw_path_components++;
+               num_target_path_components--;
+       }
 
-       inode_list = &w->image_metadata[image - 1].inode_list;
-       find_streams_for_extraction(inode_list,
-                                   &stream_list,
-                                   w->lookup_table,
-                                   extract_flags);
+       p_old = oldpath + ctx->ops->path_prefix_nchars;
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (p_old[0] != L'\0' && p_old[1] == ':')
+               p_old += 2;
+#endif
+       while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
+               p_old++;
+       while (--num_target_path_components) {
+               while (*p_old != ctx->ops->path_separator)
+                       p_old++;
+               while (*p_old == ctx->ops->path_separator)
+                       p_old++;
+       }
 
-       calculate_bytes_to_extract(&stream_list, extract_flags,
-                                  &args.progress);
+       tchar symlink_target[tstrlen(p_old) + 3 * num_raw_path_components + 1];
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN,
-                             &args.progress);
+       p = &symlink_target[0];
+       while (num_raw_path_components--) {
+               *p++ = '.';
+               *p++ = '.';
+               *p++ = ctx->ops->path_separator;
        }
+       tstrcpy(p, p_old);
+       DEBUG("Creating symlink \"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+             newpath, symlink_target);
+       ret = ctx->ops->create_symlink(symlink_target, newpath, ctx);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create symlink "
+                                "\"%"TS"\" => \"%"TS"\"",
+                                newpath, symlink_target);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL) {
-               ret = sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(&stream_list);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       WARNING("Falling back to non-sequential extraction");
-                       extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
+/* Create the "skeleton" of an extracted file or directory.  Don't yet extract
+ * data streams, reparse data (including symbolic links), timestamps, and
+ * security descriptors.  Basically, everything that doesn't require reading
+ * non-metadata resources from the WIM file and isn't delayed until the final
+ * pass.  */
+static int
+do_dentry_extract_skeleton(tchar path[], struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                          struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
+       const tchar *oldpath;
+
+       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
+
+               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
+               if (unnamed_lte && unnamed_lte->extracted_file) {
+                       oldpath = unnamed_lte->extracted_file;
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)
+                               goto hardlink;
+                       else
+                               goto symlink;
                }
        }
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
-                             &args.progress);
+       /* Create hard link if this dentry corresponds to an already-extracted
+        * inode.  */
+       if (inode->i_extracted_file) {
+               oldpath = inode->i_extracted_file;
+               goto hardlink;
        }
 
+       /* Skip symlinks unless they can be extracted as reparse points rather
+        * than created directly.  */
+       if (inode_is_symlink(inode) && !ctx->supported_features.reparse_points)
+               return 0;
 
-       args.extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(wim_root_dentry(w), ops->apply_dentry, &args);
-       args.extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       /* Create this file or directory unless it's the extraction root, which
+        * was already created if necessary.  */
+       if (dentry != ctx->extract_root) {
+               ret = extract_inode(path, ctx, inode);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
-                             &args.progress);
+       /* Create empty named data streams.  */
+       if (can_extract_named_data_streams(ctx)) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       file_spec_t file_spec;
+                       struct wim_ads_entry *entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
+
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(entry))
+                               continue;
+                       if (entry->lte)
+                               continue;
+                       if (ctx->ops->uses_cookies)
+                               file_spec.cookie = inode->extract_cookie;
+                       else
+                               file_spec.path = path;
+                       ret = ctx->ops->extract_named_stream(file_spec,
+                                                            entry->stream_name,
+                                                            entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                                            entry->lte, ctx);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("\"%"TS"\": failed to create "
+                                                "empty named data stream",
+                                                path);
+                               return ret;
+                       }
+               }
        }
 
-       ret = apply_stream_list(&stream_list, &args, ops, progress_func);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
+       ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       if (progress_func)
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS, NULL);
+       /* Set or remove file short name (if supported).  */
+       ret = extract_short_name(path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(wim_root_dentry(w),
-                                      ops->apply_dentry_timestamps, &args);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               goto out;
+       /* If inode has multiple links and hard links are supported in this
+        * extraction mode and volume, save the path to the extracted file in
+        * case it's needed to create a hard link.  */
+       if (unlikely(is_linked_extraction(ctx))) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END,
-                             &args.progress);
-       }
-out:
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               if (ntfs_umount(args.vol, FALSE) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to unmount NTFS volume `%s'", args.target);
-                       if (ret == 0)
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
+               unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
+               if (unnamed_lte) {
+                       unnamed_lte->extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
+                       if (!unnamed_lte->extracted_file)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                }
+       } else if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && ctx->supported_features.hard_links) {
+               inode->i_extracted_file = TSTRDUP(path);
+               if (!inode->i_extracted_file)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
-#endif
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
+
+symlink:
+       ret = extract_multiimage_symlink(oldpath, path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
+       return 0;
+
+hardlink:
+       ret = extract_hardlink(oldpath, path, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       dentry->was_hardlinked = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* This is a wrapper around do_dentry_extract_skeleton() that handles building
+ * the path, doing short name reordering.  This is also idempotent; dentries
+ * already processed have skeleton_extracted set and no action is taken.  See
+ * apply_operations.requires_short_name_reordering for more details about short
+ * name reordering.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       struct wim_dentry *orig_dentry;
+       struct wim_dentry *other_dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (dentry->skeleton_extracted)
+               return 0;
+
+       orig_dentry = NULL;
+       if (ctx->supported_features.short_names
+           && ctx->ops->requires_short_name_reordering
+           && !dentry_has_short_name(dentry)
+           && !dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted)
+       {
+               inode_for_each_dentry(other_dentry, dentry->d_inode) {
+                       if (dentry_has_short_name(other_dentry)
+                           && !other_dentry->skeleton_extracted
+                           && other_dentry->in_extraction_tree)
+                       {
+                               DEBUG("Creating %"TS" before %"TS" "
+                                     "to guarantee correct DOS name extraction",
+                                     dentry_full_path(other_dentry),
+                                     dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                               orig_dentry = dentry;
+                               dentry = other_dentry;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+again:
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
+       ret = do_dentry_extract_skeleton(path, dentry, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 1;
+
+       if (orig_dentry) {
+               dentry = orig_dentry;
+               orig_dentry = NULL;
+               goto again;
+       }
+       dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_extract_dir_skeleton(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+               return dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, _ctx);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Create a file or directory, then immediately extract all streams.  The WIM
+ * may not be read sequentially by this function.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = dentry_extract_skeleton(dentry, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
+
+       return extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Creates a temporary file opened for writing.  The open file descriptor is
+ * returned in @fd_ret and its name is returned in @name_ret (dynamically
+ * allocated).  */
+static int
+create_temporary_file(struct filedes *fd_ret, tchar **name_ret)
+{
+       tchar *name;
+       int raw_fd;
+
+retry:
+       name = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
+       if (name == NULL) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       raw_fd = topen(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0600);
+
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               if (errno == EEXIST) {
+                       FREE(name);
+                       goto retry;
+               }
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to open temporary file \"%"TS"\"", name);
+               FREE(name);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
+
+       filedes_init(fd_ret, raw_fd);
+       *name_ret = name;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Extract all instances of the stream @lte that are being extracted in this
+ * call of extract_tree(), but actually read the stream data from @lte_override.
+ */
+static int
+extract_stream_instances(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override,
+                        struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry **lte_dentries;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+       size_t i;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (lte->out_refcnt <= ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+               lte_dentries = lte->inline_lte_dentries;
+       else
+               lte_dentries = lte->lte_dentries;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry = lte_dentries[i];
+
+               if (dentry->tmp_flag)
+                       continue;
+               if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+                       continue;
+               ret = extract_streams(path, ctx, dentry, lte, lte_override);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_clear_tmp_flags;
+               dentry->tmp_flag = 1;
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out_clear_tmp_flags:
+       for (i = 0; i < lte->out_refcnt; i++)
+               lte_dentries[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Determine whether the specified stream needs to be extracted to a temporary
+ * file or not.
+ *
+ * @lte->out_refcnt specifies the number of instances of this stream that must
+ * be extracted.
+ *
+ * @is_partial_res is %true if this stream is just one of multiple in a single
+ * WIM resource being extracted.  */
+static bool
+need_tmpfile_to_extract(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                       bool is_partial_res)
+{
+       /* Temporary file is always required when reading a partial resource,
+        * since in that case we retrieve all the contained streams in one pass.
+        * */
+       if (is_partial_res)
+               return true;
+
+       /* Otherwise we don't need a temporary file if only a single instance of
+        * the stream is needed.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 1)
+               return false;
+
+       wimlib_assert(lte->out_refcnt >= 2);
+
+       /* We also don't need a temporary file if random access to the stream is
+        * allowed.  */
+       if (lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM ||
+           filedes_is_seekable(&lte->rspec->wim->in_fd))
+               return false;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+static int
+begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                               bool is_partial_res,
+                               void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!need_tmpfile_to_extract(lte, is_partial_res)) {
+               DEBUG("Temporary file not needed "
+                     "for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+               ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               return BEGIN_STREAM_STATUS_SKIP_STREAM;
+       }
+
+       DEBUG("Temporary file needed for stream (size=%"PRIu64")", lte->size);
+       return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+}
+
+static int
+end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                             int status, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry lte_override;
+       int ret;
+       int errno_save = errno;
+
+       ret = filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+
+       if (status) {
+               ret = status;
+               errno = errno_save;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing temporary file %"TS, ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+               goto out_delete_tmpfile;
+       }
+
+       /* Now that a full stream has been extracted to a temporary file,
+        * extract all instances of it to the actual target.  */
+
+       memcpy(&lte_override, lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+       lte_override.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+       lte_override.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+
+       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, &lte_override, ctx);
+
+out_delete_tmpfile:
+       errno_save = errno;
+       tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       errno = errno_save;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Extracts a list of streams (ctx.stream_list), assuming that the directory
+ * structure and empty files were already created.  This relies on the
+ * per-`struct wim_lookup_table_entry' list of dentries that reference each
+ * stream that was constructed earlier.  */
+static int
+extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (!(ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               /* Sequential extraction: read the streams in the order in which
+                * they appear in the WIM file.  */
+               struct read_stream_list_callbacks cbs = {
+                       .begin_stream           = begin_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
+                       .begin_stream_ctx       = ctx,
+                       .consume_chunk          = extract_chunk_to_fd,
+                       .consume_chunk_ctx      = &ctx->tmpfile_fd,
+                       .end_stream             = end_extract_stream_to_tmpfile,
+                       .end_stream_ctx         = ctx,
+               };
+               return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
+                                       offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry, extraction_list),
+                                       &cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
+       } else {
+               /* Extract the streams in unsorted order.  */
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+               int ret;
+
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx->stream_list, extraction_list) {
+                       ret = extract_stream_instances(lte, lte, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+               return 0;
+       }
+}
+
+#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
+#define PWM_SILENT_EOF   0x00002
+
+/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
+static int
+read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
+{
+       union {
+               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       } buf;
+       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               goto read_error;
+
+       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) && buf.stream_hdr.magic == PWM_MAGIC) {
+               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
+                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+       }
+
+       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
+
+       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
+       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
+       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+       return 0;
+
+read_error:
+       if (ret != WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE || !(flags & PWM_SILENT_EOF))
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+extract_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte;
+       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+       struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       int ret;
+       int pwm_flags;
+
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (found_lte == NULL)
+               goto out;
+
+       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+       if (rspec == NULL)
+               goto out_free_found_lte;
+
+       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
+       pwm_flags = PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR;
+       if ((ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
+               pwm_flags |= PWM_SILENT_EOF;
+       memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
+       ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = ctx->wim->hdr.total_parts;
+       if (ctx->progress_func)
+               ctx->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
+                                  &ctx->progress);
+       while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
+               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
+                                            pwm_flags, &pwm_hdr);
+               if (ret) {
+                       if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_UNEXPECTED_END_OF_FILE &&
+                           (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME))
+                       {
+                               goto resume_done;
+                       }
+                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+               }
+
+               if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
+                   && (needed_lte = lookup_resource(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
+                   && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
+               {
+                       tchar *tmpfile_name = NULL;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte_override;
+                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
+
+                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
+                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
+                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
+
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
+
+                       if (needed_lte->out_refcnt > 1) {
+
+                               struct filedes tmpfile_fd;
+
+                               /* Extract stream to temporary file.  */
+                               ret = create_temporary_file(&tmpfile_fd, &tmpfile_name);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto out_free_found_lte;
+
+                               ret = extract_stream_to_fd(needed_lte, &tmpfile_fd,
+                                                          needed_lte->size);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd);
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+
+                               if (filedes_close(&tmpfile_fd)) {
+                                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing to temporary "
+                                                        "file \"%"TS"\"", tmpfile_name);
+                                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
+                                       goto delete_tmpfile;
+                               }
+                               memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, needed_lte,
+                                      sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+                               tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+                               tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = tmpfile_name;
+                               lte_override = &tmpfile_lte;
+                       } else {
+                               lte_override = needed_lte;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = extract_stream_instances(needed_lte, lte_override, ctx);
+               delete_tmpfile:
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                       if (tmpfile_name) {
+                               tunlink(tmpfile_name);
+                               FREE(tmpfile_name);
+                       }
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_found_lte;
+                       ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
+               } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_found_lte;
+               } else {
+                       u16 part_number = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.part_number);
+                       u16 total_parts = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.total_parts);
+
+                       if (part_number != ctx->progress.extract.part_number ||
+                           total_parts != ctx->progress.extract.total_parts ||
+                           memcmp(pwm_hdr.guid, ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                  WIM_GID_LEN))
+                       {
+                               ctx->progress.extract.part_number = part_number;
+                               ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = total_parts;
+                               memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                      pwm_hdr.guid, WIM_GID_LEN);
+                               if (ctx->progress_func) {
+                                       ctx->progress_func(
+                                               WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN,
+                                                          &ctx->progress);
+                               }
+
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       ret = 0;
+out_free_found_lte:
+       if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               FREE(rspec);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
+out:
+       return ret;
+
+resume_done:
+       /* TODO */
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Finish extracting a file, directory, or symbolic link by setting file
+ * security and timestamps.  */
+static int
+dentry_extract_final(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       int ret;
+       tchar path[ctx->ops->path_max];
+
+       if (!build_extraction_path(path, dentry, ctx))
+               return 0;
+
+       ret = extract_security(path, ctx, dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (ctx->ops->requires_final_set_attributes_pass) {
+               /* Set file attributes (if supported).  */
+               ret = extract_file_attributes(path, ctx, dentry, 1);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       return extract_timestamps(path, ctx, dentry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ *
+ * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
+ * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
+ * unnamed data stream only.
+ */
+static int
+extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       if (dentry->d_inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
+                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
+                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
+       } else {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+               lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
+               if (lte) {
+                       struct filedes _stdout;
+                       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+                       ret = extract_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout, lte->size);
+               }
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+static const utf16lechar replacement_char = cpu_to_le16(0xfffd);
+#else
+static const utf16lechar replacement_char = cpu_to_le16('?');
+#endif
+
+static bool
+file_name_valid(utf16lechar *name, size_t num_chars, bool fix)
+{
+       size_t i;
+
+       if (num_chars == 0)
+               return true;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_chars; i++) {
+               switch (name[i]) {
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               case cpu_to_le16('\\'):
+               case cpu_to_le16(':'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('*'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('?'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('"'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('<'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('>'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('|'):
+       #endif
+               case cpu_to_le16('/'):
+               case cpu_to_le16('\0'):
+                       if (fix)
+                               name[i] = replacement_char;
+                       else
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (name[num_chars - 1] == cpu_to_le16(' ') ||
+           name[num_chars - 1] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+       {
+               if (fix)
+                       name[num_chars - 1] = replacement_char;
+               else
+                       return false;
+       }
+#endif
+       return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       const utf16lechar *file_name = dentry->file_name;
+       return file_name != NULL &&
+               file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
+               (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('\0') ||
+                (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
+                 file_name[2] == cpu_to_le16('\0')));
+}
+
+static int
+dentry_mark_skipped(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       dentry->extraction_skipped = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * dentry_calculate_extraction_path-
+ *
+ * Calculate the actual filename component at which a WIM dentry will be
+ * extracted, handling invalid filenames "properly".
+ *
+ * dentry->extraction_name usually will be set the same as dentry->file_name (on
+ * UNIX, converted into the platform's multibyte encoding).  However, if the
+ * file name contains characters that are not valid on the current platform or
+ * has some other format that is not valid, leave dentry->extraction_name as
+ * NULL and set dentry->extraction_skipped to indicate that this dentry should
+ * not be extracted, unless the appropriate flag
+ * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES is set in the extract flags, in
+ * which case a substitute filename will be created and set instead.
+ *
+ * Conflicts with case-insensitive names on Windows are handled similarly; see
+ * below.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_calculate_extraction_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
+{
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _args;
+       int ret;
+
+       dentry->in_extraction_tree = 1;
+
+       if (dentry == ctx->extract_root || dentry->extraction_skipped)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!dentry_is_supported(dentry, &ctx->supported_features))
+               goto skip_dentry;
+
+       if (dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(dentry)) {
+               /* WIM files shouldn't contain . or .. entries.  But if they are
+                * there, don't attempt to extract them. */
+               WARNING("Skipping extraction of unexpected . or .. file "
+                       "\"%"TS"\"", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               goto skip_dentry;
+       }
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       if (!ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames)
+       {
+               struct wim_dentry *other;
+               list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list,
+                                   case_insensitive_conflict_list)
+               {
+                       if (ctx->extract_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
+                               WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
+                                       "case-insensitive name as "
+                                       "\"%"TS"\"; extracting "
+                                       "dummy name instead",
+                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                       dentry_full_path(other));
+                               goto out_replace;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": "
+                                       "has same case-insensitive "
+                                       "name as \"%"TS"\"",
+                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                       dentry_full_path(other));
+                               goto skip_dentry;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+#else  /* __WIN32__ */
+       wimlib_assert(ctx->ops->supports_case_sensitive_filenames);
+#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
+
+       if (file_name_valid(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, false)) {
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+               dentry->extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
+               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
+               return 0;
+#else
+               return utf16le_to_tstr(dentry->file_name,
+                                      dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                      &dentry->extraction_name,
+                                      &dentry->extraction_name_nchars);
+#endif
+       } else {
+               if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES)
+               {
+                       WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has an invalid filename "
+                               "that is not supported on this platform; "
+                               "extracting dummy name instead",
+                               dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                       goto out_replace;
+               } else {
+                       WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": has an invalid filename "
+                               "that is not supported on this platform",
+                               dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                       goto skip_dentry;
+               }
+       }
+
+out_replace:
+       {
+               utf16lechar utf16_name_copy[dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2];
+
+               memcpy(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+               file_name_valid(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, true);
+
+               tchar *tchar_name;
+               size_t tchar_nchars;
+       #ifdef __WIN32__
+               tchar_name = utf16_name_copy;
+               tchar_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
+       #else
+               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
+                                     dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                     &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       #endif
+               size_t fixed_name_num_chars = tchar_nchars;
+               tchar fixed_name[tchar_nchars + 50];
+
+               tmemcpy(fixed_name, tchar_name, tchar_nchars);
+               fixed_name_num_chars += tsprintf(fixed_name + tchar_nchars,
+                                                T(" (invalid filename #%lu)"),
+                                                ++ctx->invalid_sequence);
+       #ifndef __WIN32__
+               FREE(tchar_name);
+       #endif
+               dentry->extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
+                                                2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
+               if (!dentry->extraction_name)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+skip_dentry:
+       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_mark_skipped, NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Clean up dentry and inode structure after extraction.  */
+static int
+dentry_reset_needs_extraction(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       dentry->in_extraction_tree = 0;
+       dentry->extraction_skipped = 0;
+       dentry->was_hardlinked = 0;
+       dentry->skeleton_extracted = 0;
+       inode->i_visited = 0;
+       FREE(inode->i_extracted_file);
+       inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
+       inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
+       if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
+               FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
+       dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
+static int
+dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_features)
+{
+       struct wim_features *features = _features;
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
+               features->archive_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)
+               features->hidden_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)
+               features->system_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED)
+               features->compressed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       features->encrypted_directories++;
+               else
+                       features->encrypted_files++;
+       }
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED)
+               features->not_context_indexed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE)
+               features->sparse_files++;
+       if (inode_has_named_stream(inode))
+               features->named_data_streams++;
+       if (inode->i_visited)
+               features->hard_links++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               features->reparse_points++;
+               if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
+                       features->symlink_reparse_points++;
+               else
+                       features->other_reparse_points++;
+       }
+       if (inode->i_security_id != -1)
+               features->security_descriptors++;
+       if (dentry->short_name_nbytes)
+               features->short_names++;
+       if (inode_has_unix_data(inode))
+               features->unix_data++;
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Tally the features necessary to extract a dentry tree.  */
+static void
+dentry_tree_get_features(struct wim_dentry *root, struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       memset(features, 0, sizeof(struct wim_features));
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_tally_features, features);
+       dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(root);
+}
+
+static u32
+compute_supported_attributes_mask(const struct wim_features *supported_features)
+{
+       u32 mask = ~(u32)0;
+
+       if (!supported_features->archive_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+
+       if (!supported_features->hidden_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+
+       if (!supported_features->system_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM;
+
+       if (!supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED;
+
+       if (!supported_features->compressed_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED;
+
+       if (!supported_features->sparse_files)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+
+       if (!supported_features->reparse_points)
+               mask &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+
+       return mask;
+}
+
+static int
+do_feature_check(const struct wim_features *required_features,
+                const struct wim_features *supported_features,
+                int extract_flags,
+                const struct apply_operations *ops,
+                const tchar *wim_source_path)
+{
+       const tchar *loc;
+       const tchar *mode = T("this extraction mode");
+
+       if (wim_source_path[0] == '\0')
+               loc = T("the WIM image");
+       else
+               loc = wim_source_path;
+
+       /* We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we want
+        * with FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE (which is a dumb flag anyway).  Don't
+        * bother the user about it.  */
+#if 0
+       if (required_features->archive_files && !supported_features->archive_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as archived, but this attribute\n"
+"          is not supported in %"TS".",
+                       required_features->archive_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       if (required_features->hidden_files && !supported_features->hidden_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as hidden, but this\n"
+"          attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
+                       required_features->hidden_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->system_files && !supported_features->system_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as system files,\n"
+"          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
+                       required_features->system_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->compressed_files && !supported_features->compressed_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being transparently\n"
+"          compressed, but transparent compression is not supported in\n"
+"          %"TS".  These files will be extracted as uncompressed.",
+                       required_features->compressed_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->encrypted_files && !supported_features->encrypted_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
+"           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
+"           will not be extracted.",
+                       required_features->encrypted_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
+           !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu directories in %"TS" are marked as being encrypted,\n"
+"           but encryption is not supported in %"TS".\n"
+"           These directories will be extracted as unencrypted.",
+                       required_features->encrypted_directories, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
+           !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as not content indexed,\n"
+"          but this attribute is not supported in %"TS".",
+                       required_features->not_context_indexed_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->sparse_files && !supported_features->sparse_files)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are marked as sparse, but creating\n"
+"           sparse files is not supported in %"TS".  These files\n"
+"           will be extracted as non-sparse.",
+                       required_features->sparse_files, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
+           !supported_features->named_data_streams)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
+"          data streams, which are not supported in %"TS".\n"
+"          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (unlikely(extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK |
+                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK)) &&
+           required_features->named_data_streams &&
+           supported_features->named_data_streams)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" contain one or more alternate (named)\n"
+"          data streams, which are not supported in linked extraction mode.\n"
+"          Alternate data streams will NOT be extracted.",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams, loc);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are hard links, but hard links are\n"
+"          not supported in %"TS".  Hard links will be extracted as\n"
+"          duplicate copies of the linked files.",
+                       required_features->hard_links, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->reparse_points && !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       {
+               if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
+                       if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
+                               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points that are neither\n"
+"          symbolic links nor junction points and are not supported in\n"
+"          %"TS".  These reparse points will not be extracted.",
+                                       required_features->other_reparse_points, loc,
+                                       mode);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" are reparse points, which are\n"
+"          not supported in %"TS" and will not be extracted.",
+                               required_features->reparse_points, loc, mode);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" have Windows NT security descriptors,\n"
+"          but extracting security descriptors is not supported in\n"
+"          %"TS".  No security descriptors will be extracted.",
+                       required_features->security_descriptors, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if (required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
+       {
+               WARNING(
+          "%lu files in %"TS" have short (DOS) names, but\n"
+"          extracting short names is not supported in %"TS".\n"
+"          Short names will not be extracted.\n",
+                       required_features->short_names, loc, mode);
+       }
+
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
+           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extracting UNIX data is not supported in %"TS, mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) &&
+           required_features->short_names && !supported_features->short_names)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extracting short names is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
+           !ops->set_timestamps)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extracting timestamps is not supported in %"TS"", mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS |
+                              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
+            == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extracting security descriptors is not supported in %"TS, mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->hard_links)
+       {
+               ERROR("Hard link extraction mode requested, but "
+                     "%"TS" does not support hard links!", mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
+           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !(supported_features->symlink_reparse_points ||
+             supported_features->reparse_points))
+       {
+               ERROR("Extracting symbolic links is not supported in %"TS, mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK) &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points)
+       {
+               ERROR("Symbolic link extraction mode requested, but "
+                     "%"TS" does not support symbolic "
+                     "links!", mode);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
+static void
+do_extract_warnings(struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors == 0 &&
+           ctx->no_security_descriptors == 0)
+               return;
+
+       WARNING("Extraction to \"%"TS"\" complete, but with one or more warnings:",
+               ctx->target);
+       if (ctx->partial_security_descriptors != 0) {
+               WARNING("- Could only partially set the security descriptor\n"
+                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
+                       ctx->partial_security_descriptors);
+       }
+       if (ctx->no_security_descriptors != 0) {
+               WARNING("- Could not set security descriptor at all\n"
+                       "            on %lu files or directories.",
+                       ctx->no_security_descriptors);
+       }
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       WARNING("To fully restore all security descriptors, run the program\n"
+               "          with Administrator rights.");
+#endif
+}
 
-/* Extracts all images from the WIM to @output_dir, with the images placed in
- * subdirectories named by their image names. */
-static int extract_all_images(WIMStruct *w, const char *target,
-                             int extract_flags,
-                             wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/*
+ * extract_tree - Extract a file or directory tree from the currently selected
+ *               WIM image.
+ *
+ * @wim:       WIMStruct for the WIM file, with the desired image selected
+ *             (as wim->current_image).
+ *
+ * @wim_source_path:
+ *             "Canonical" (i.e. no leading or trailing slashes, path
+ *             separators WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) path inside the WIM image to
+ *             extract.  An empty string means the full image.
+ *
+ * @target:
+ *             Filesystem path to extract the file or directory tree to.
+ *             (Or, with WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS: the name of a NTFS volume.)
+ *
+ * @extract_flags:
+ *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.  Also, the private flag
+ *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE will be set if this is being
+ *             called through wimlib_extract_image() with WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES as
+ *             the image.
+ *
+ * @progress_func:
+ *             If non-NULL, progress function for the extraction.  The messages
+ *             that may be sent in this function are:
+ *
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN or
+ *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS;
+ *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END or
+ *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; a positive WIMLIB_ERR_* code on failure.
+ */
+static int
+extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
+            int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(w), 20);
-       size_t output_path_len = strlen(target);
-       char buf[output_path_len + 1 + image_name_max_len + 1];
+       struct wim_dentry *root;
+       struct wim_features required_features;
+       struct apply_ctx ctx;
        int ret;
-       int image;
-       const char *image_name;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       /* Start initializing the apply_ctx.  */
+       memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(struct apply_ctx));
+       ctx.wim = wim;
+       ctx.extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       ctx.target = target;
+       ctx.target_nchars = tstrlen(target);
+       ctx.progress_func = progress_func;
+       if (progress_func) {
+               ctx.progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
+               ctx.progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
+               ctx.progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
+                                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
+               ctx.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
+                                                                       wim->current_image);
+               ctx.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = wim_source_path;
+               ctx.progress.extract.target = target;
+       }
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
+
+       /* Translate the path to extract into the corresponding
+        * `struct wim_dentry', which will be the root of the
+        * "dentry tree" to extract.  */
+       root = get_dentry(wim, wim_source_path);
+       if (!root) {
+               ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist in WIM image %d",
+                     wim_source_path, wim->current_image);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       ctx.extract_root = root;
+
+       /* Select the appropriate apply_operations based on the
+        * platform and extract_flags.  */
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       ctx.ops = &win32_apply_ops;
+#else
+       ctx.ops = &unix_apply_ops;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
+               ctx.ops = &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
+#endif
+
+       /* Call the start_extract() callback.  This gives the apply_operations
+        * implementation a chance to do any setup needed to access the volume.
+        * Furthermore, it's expected to set the supported features of this
+        * extraction mode (ctx.supported_features), which are determined at
+        * runtime as they may vary depending on the actual volume.  These
+        * features are then compared with the actual features extracting this
+        * dentry tree requires.  Some mismatches will merely produce warnings
+        * and the unsupported data will be ignored; others will produce errors.
+        */
+       ret = ctx.ops->start_extract(target, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
+
+       dentry_tree_get_features(root, &required_features);
+       ret = do_feature_check(&required_features, &ctx.supported_features,
+                              extract_flags, ctx.ops, wim_source_path);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_finish_or_abort_extract;
+
+       ctx.supported_attributes_mask =
+               compute_supported_attributes_mask(&ctx.supported_features);
+
+       /* Figure out whether the root dentry is being extracted to the root of
+        * a volume and therefore needs to be treated "specially", for example
+        * not being explicitly created and not having attributes set.  */
+       if (ctx.ops->target_is_root && ctx.ops->root_directory_is_special)
+               ctx.root_dentry_is_special = ctx.ops->target_is_root(target);
+
+       /* Calculate the actual filename component of each extracted dentry.  In
+        * the process, set the dentry->extraction_skipped flag on dentries that
+        * are being skipped for some reason (e.g. invalid filename).  */
+       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_calculate_extraction_path, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+
+       /* Build the list of the streams that need to be extracted and
+        * initialize ctx.progress.extract with stream information.  */
+       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
+                                dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+
+       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(ctx.extract_root,
+                                dentry_add_streams_to_extract, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+               /* When extracting from a pipe, the number of bytes of data to
+                * extract can't be determined in the normal way (examining the
+                * lookup table), since at this point all we have is a set of
+                * SHA1 message digests of streams that need to be extracted.
+                * However, we can get a reasonably accurate estimate by taking
+                * <TOTALBYTES> from the corresponding <IMAGE> in the WIM XML
+                * data.  This does assume that a full image is being extracted,
+                * but currently there is no API for doing otherwise.  (Also,
+                * subtract <HARDLINKBYTES> from this if hard links are
+                * supported by the extraction mode.)  */
+               ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes =
+                       wim_info_get_image_total_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                      wim->current_image);
+               if (ctx.supported_features.hard_links) {
+                       ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes -=
+                               wim_info_get_image_hard_link_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                                  wim->current_image);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Handle the special case of extracting a file to standard
+        * output.  In that case, "root" should be a single file, not a
+        * directory tree.  (If not, extract_dentry_to_stdout() will
+        * return an error.)  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
+               ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(root);
+               goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx.ops->realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files &&
+           ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) ||
+            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
+       {
+               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
+               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_teardown_stream_list;
+               }
+               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
+       }
+
+       if (progress_func) {
+               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN :
+                                                WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN,
+                             &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       if (!ctx.root_dentry_is_special)
+       {
+               tchar path[ctx.ops->path_max];
+               if (build_extraction_path(path, root, &ctx))
+               {
+                       ret = extract_inode(path, &ctx, root->d_inode);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* If we need to fix up the targets of absolute symbolic links
+        * (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) or the extraction mode requires paths to
+        * be absolute, use realpath() (or its replacement on Windows) to get
+        * the absolute path to the extraction target.  Note that this requires
+        * the target directory to exist, unless
+        * realpath_works_on_nonexisting_files is set in the apply_operations.
+        * */
+       if (!ctx.realtarget &&
+           (((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) &&
+             required_features.symlink_reparse_points) ||
+            ctx.ops->requires_realtarget_in_paths))
+       {
+               ctx.realtarget = realpath(target, NULL);
+               if (!ctx.realtarget) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+               ctx.realtarget_nchars = tstrlen(ctx.realtarget);
+       }
+
+       if (ctx.ops->requires_short_name_reordering) {
+               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract_dir_skeleton,
+                                        &ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+       }
+
+       /* Finally, the important part: extract the tree of files.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER)) {
+               /* Sequential extraction requested, so two passes are needed
+                * (one for directory structure, one for streams.)  */
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+
+               if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)) {
+                       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract_skeleton, &ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_realtarget;
+               }
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+                       ret = extract_streams_from_pipe(&ctx);
+               else
+                       ret = extract_stream_list(&ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+       } else {
+               /* Sequential extraction was not requested, so we can make do
+                * with one pass where we both create the files and extract
+                * streams.   */
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_extract, &ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_realtarget;
+               if (progress_func)
+                       progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
+                                     &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       /* If the total number of bytes to extract was miscalculated, just jump
+        * to the calculated number in order to avoid confusing the progress
+        * function.  This should only occur when extracting from a pipe.  */
+       if (ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes != ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
+       {
+               DEBUG("Calculated %"PRIu64" bytes to extract, but actually "
+                     "extracted %"PRIu64,
+                     ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes,
+                     ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes);
+       }
+       if (progress_func &&
+           ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes < ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes)
+       {
+               ctx.progress.extract.completed_bytes = ctx.progress.extract.total_bytes;
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS, &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       /* Apply security descriptors and timestamps.  This is done at the end,
+        * and in a depth-first manner, to prevent timestamps from getting
+        * changed by subsequent extract operations and to minimize the chance
+        * of the restored security descriptors getting in our way.  */
+       if (progress_func)
+               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS,
+                             &ctx.progress);
+       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, dentry_extract_final, &ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_free_realtarget;
+
+       if (progress_func) {
+               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END :
+                             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END,
+                             &ctx.progress);
+       }
+
+       do_extract_warnings(&ctx);
+
+       ret = 0;
+out_free_realtarget:
+       FREE(ctx.realtarget);
+out_teardown_stream_list:
+       /* Free memory allocated as part of the mapping from each
+        * wim_lookup_table_entry to the dentries that reference it.  */
+       if (!(ctx.extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+               list_for_each_entry(lte, &ctx.stream_list, extraction_list)
+                       if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_lte_dentries))
+                               FREE(lte->lte_dentries);
+out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction:
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_reset_needs_extraction, NULL);
+out_finish_or_abort_extract:
+       if (ret) {
+               if (ctx.ops->abort_extract)
+                       ctx.ops->abort_extract(&ctx);
+       } else {
+               if (ctx.ops->finish_extract)
+                       ret = ctx.ops->finish_extract(&ctx);
+       }
+out:
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* Validates a single wimlib_extract_command, mostly checking to make sure the
+ * extract flags make sense. */
+static int
+check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
+{
+       int extract_flags;
+
+       /* Empty destination path? */
+       if (cmd->fs_dest_path[0] == T('\0'))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       extract_flags = cmd->extract_flags;
+
+       /* Check for invalid flag combinations  */
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                                WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+                                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+                                               WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)) == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+#ifndef WITH_NTFS_3G
+               ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so\n"
+                     "        we cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+#endif
+       }
+
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == 0)
+       {
+               /* Do reparse point fixups by default if the WIM header says
+                * they are enabled and we are extracting a full image. */
+               if (wim_header_flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX;
+       }
+
+       /* TODO: Since UNIX data entries are stored in the file resources, in a
+        * completely sequential extraction they may come up before the
+        * corresponding file or symbolic link data.  This needs to be handled
+        * better.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER))
+                                   == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA)
+       {
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+                       WARNING("Setting UNIX file/owner group may "
+                               "be impossible on some\n"
+                               "          symbolic links "
+                               "when applying from a pipe.");
+               } else {
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FILE_ORDER;
+                       WARNING("Disabling sequential extraction for "
+                               "UNIX data mode");
+               }
+       }
+
+       cmd->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Internal function to execute extraction commands for a WIM image.  The paths
+ * in the extract commands are expected to be already "canonicalized".  */
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
+                       int image,
+                       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
+                       size_t num_cmds,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       bool found_link_cmd = false;
+       bool found_nolink_cmd = false;
+
+       /* Select the image from which we are extracting files */
+       ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       ret = extract_directory(target, true);
-       if (ret != 0)
+       /* Make sure there are no streams in the WIM that have not been
+        * checksummed yet.  */
+       ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
+       if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       memcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
-       buf[output_path_len] = '/';
-       for (image = 1; image <= w->hdr.image_count; image++) {
-               image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(w, image);
-               if (image_name && *image_name) {
-                       strcpy(buf + output_path_len + 1, image_name);
+       /* Check for problems with the extraction commands */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               ret = check_extract_command(&cmds[i], wim->hdr.flags);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               if (cmds[i].extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) {
+                       found_link_cmd = true;
                } else {
-                       /* Image name is empty. Use image number instead */
-                       sprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, "%d", image);
+                       found_nolink_cmd = true;
                }
-               ret = extract_single_image(w, image, buf, extract_flags,
-                                          progress_func);
-               if (ret != 0)
+               if (found_link_cmd && found_nolink_cmd) {
+                       ERROR("Symlink or hardlink extraction mode must "
+                             "be set on all extraction commands");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Execute the extraction commands */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               ret = extract_tree(wim,
+                                  cmds[i].wim_source_path,
+                                  cmds[i].fs_dest_path,
+                                  cmds[i].extract_flags,
+                                  progress_func);
+               if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Extracts a single image or all images from a WIM file. */
-WIMLIBAPI int wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *w, int image,
-                                  const char *target,
-                                  int extract_flags,
-                                  WIMStruct **additional_swms,
-                                  unsigned num_additional_swms,
-                                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
+                    int image,
+                    const struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
+                    size_t num_cmds,
+                    int default_extract_flags,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
 {
-       struct lookup_table *joined_tab, *w_tab_save;
        int ret;
+       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds_copy;
+       int all_flags = 0;
 
-       if (!w || !target)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       default_extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
 
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       if (num_cmds == 0)
+               return 0;
 
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-                       == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       cmds_copy = CALLOC(num_cmds, sizeof(cmds[0]));
+       if (!cmds_copy)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-               if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))) {
-                       ERROR("Cannot specify symlink or hardlink flags when applying ");
-                       ERROR("directly to a NTFS volume");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               cmds_copy[i].extract_flags = (default_extract_flags |
+                                                cmds[i].extract_flags)
+                                               & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+               all_flags |= cmds_copy[i].extract_flags;
+
+               cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path = canonicalize_wim_path(cmds[i].wim_source_path);
+               if (!cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
                }
-               if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-                       ERROR("Can only apply a single image when applying "
-                             "directly to a NTFS volume");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+               cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path = canonicalize_fs_path(cmds[i].fs_dest_path);
+               if (!cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
                }
+
+       }
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image,
+                                     cmds_copy, num_cmds,
+                                     progress_func);
+
+       if (all_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
+                        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+       {
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
+                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
+       }
+out_free_cmds_copy:
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
+               FREE(cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path);
+               FREE(cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path);
+       }
+       FREE(cmds_copy);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extracts an image from a WIM file.
+ *
+ * @wim:               WIMStruct for the WIM file.
+ *
+ * @image:             Number of the single image to extract.
+ *
+ * @target:            Directory or NTFS volume to extract the image to.
+ *
+ * @extract_flags:     Bitwise or of WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.
+ *
+ * @progress_func:     If non-NULL, a progress function to be called
+ *                     periodically.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ */
+static int
+extract_single_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
+                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       tchar *target_copy = canonicalize_fs_path(target);
+       if (target_copy == NULL)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       struct wimlib_extract_command cmd = {
+               .wim_source_path = T(""),
+               .fs_dest_path = target_copy,
+               .extract_flags = extract_flags,
+       };
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image, &cmd, 1, progress_func);
+       FREE(target_copy);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const tchar * const filename_forbidden_chars =
+T(
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+"<>:\"/\\|?*"
 #else
-               ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so");
-               ERROR("we cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+"/"
 #endif
+);
+
+/* This function checks if it is okay to use a WIM image's name as a directory
+ * name.  */
+static bool
+image_name_ok_as_dir(const tchar *image_name)
+{
+       return image_name && *image_name &&
+               !tstrpbrk(image_name, filename_forbidden_chars) &&
+               tstrcmp(image_name, T(".")) &&
+               tstrcmp(image_name, T(".."));
+}
+
+/* Extracts all images from the WIM to the directory @target, with the images
+ * placed in subdirectories named by their image names. */
+static int
+extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
+                  const tchar *target,
+                  int extract_flags,
+                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(wim), 20);
+       size_t output_path_len = tstrlen(target);
+       tchar buf[output_path_len + 1 + image_name_max_len + 1];
+       int ret;
+       int image;
+       const tchar *image_name;
+       struct stat stbuf;
+
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               ERROR("Cannot extract multiple images in NTFS extraction mode.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
 
-       ret = verify_swm_set(w, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
-       if (ret != 0)
-               return ret;
+       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
+               if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory \"%"TS"\"", target);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               }
+       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
+       }
 
-       if (num_additional_swms) {
-               ret = new_joined_lookup_table(w, additional_swms,
-                                             num_additional_swms, &joined_tab);
-               if (ret != 0)
+       tmemcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
+       buf[output_path_len] = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
+       for (image = 1; image <= wim->hdr.image_count; image++) {
+               image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim, image);
+               if (image_name_ok_as_dir(image_name)) {
+                       tstrcpy(buf + output_path_len + 1, image_name);
+               } else {
+                       /* Image name is empty or contains forbidden characters.
+                        * Use image number instead. */
+                       tsprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, T("%d"), image);
+               }
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags,
+                                          progress_func);
+               if (ret)
                        return ret;
-               w_tab_save = w->lookup_table;
-               w->lookup_table = joined_tab;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
+                       int image,
+                       const tchar *target,
+                       int extract_flags,
+                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
 
        if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
-               ret = extract_all_images(w, target, extract_flags,
+               ret = extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags,
                                         progress_func);
        } else {
-               extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE;
-               ret = extract_single_image(w, image, target, extract_flags,
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
                                           progress_func);
        }
 
        if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
        {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(w->lookup_table,
+               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
                                       lte_free_extracted_file,
                                       NULL);
        }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                              const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
+                              wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       int ret;
+       WIMStruct *pwm;
+       struct filedes *in_fd;
+       int image;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       /* Read the WIM header from the pipe and get a WIMStruct to represent
+        * the pipable WIM.  Caveats:  Unlike getting a WIMStruct with
+        * wimlib_open_wim(), getting a WIMStruct in this way will result in
+        * an empty lookup table, no XML data read, and no filename set.  */
+       ret = open_wim_as_WIMStruct(&pipe_fd,
+                                   WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_FROM_PIPE,
+                                   &pwm, progress_func);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Sanity check to make sure this is a pipable WIM.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.magic != PWM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("The WIM being read from file descriptor %d "
+                     "is not pipable!", pipe_fd);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_PIPABLE;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
+       }
 
-       if (num_additional_swms) {
-               free_lookup_table(w->lookup_table);
-               w->lookup_table = w_tab_save;
+       /* Sanity check to make sure the first part of a pipable split WIM is
+        * sent over the pipe first.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.part_number != 1) {
+               ERROR("The first part of the split WIM must be "
+                     "sent over the pipe first.");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
        }
+
+       in_fd = &pwm->in_fd;
+       wimlib_assert(in_fd->offset == WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE);
+
+       /* As mentioned, the WIMStruct we created from the pipe does not have
+        * XML data yet.  Fix this by reading the extra copy of the XML data
+        * that directly follows the header in pipable WIMs.  (Note: see
+        * write_pipable_wim() for more details about the format of pipable
+        * WIMs.)  */
+       {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry xml_lte;
+               struct wim_resource_spec xml_rspec;
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, &xml_lte, &xml_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (!(xml_lte.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
+               {
+                       ERROR("Expected XML data, but found non-metadata "
+                             "stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               wim_res_spec_to_hdr(&xml_rspec, &pwm->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
+
+               ret = read_wim_xml_data(pwm);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (wim_info_get_num_images(pwm->wim_info) != pwm->hdr.image_count) {
+                       ERROR("Image count in XML data is not the same as in WIM header.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_XML;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Get image index (this may use the XML data that was just read to
+        * resolve an image name).  */
+       if (image_num_or_name) {
+               image = wimlib_resolve_image(pwm, image_num_or_name);
+               if (image == WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE) {
+                       ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a valid image in the pipable WIM!",
+                             image_num_or_name);
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               } else if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (pwm->hdr.image_count != 1) {
+                       ERROR("No image was specified, but the pipable WIM "
+                             "did not contain exactly 1 image");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               image = 1;
+       }
+
+       /* Load the needed metadata resource.  */
+       for (i = 1; i <= pwm->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               struct wim_resource_spec *metadata_rspec;
+
+               metadata_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+               if (metadata_lte == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               metadata_rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+               if (metadata_rspec == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       free_lookup_table_entry(metadata_lte);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, metadata_lte, metadata_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               imd = pwm->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               imd->metadata_lte = metadata_lte;
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(metadata_rspec);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (!(metadata_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)) {
+                       ERROR("Expected metadata resource, but found "
+                             "non-metadata stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (i == image) {
+                       /* Metadata resource is for the images being extracted.
+                        * Parse it and save the metadata in memory.  */
+                       ret = read_metadata_resource(pwm, imd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+                       imd->modified = 1;
+               } else {
+                       /* Metadata resource is not for the image being
+                        * extracted.  Skip over it.  */
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(metadata_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Extract the image.  */
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE;
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_image(pwm, image, target,
+                                     extract_flags, progress_func);
+       /* Clean up and return.  */
+out_wimlib_free:
+       wimlib_free(pwm);
        return ret;
 }
+
+/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
+                    int image,
+                    const tchar *target,
+                    int extract_flags,
+                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+{
+       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
+                                      progress_func);
+}