]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/extract.c
Use completed_streams and total_streams in extract progress
[wimlib] / src / extract.c
index cfeb48982392c62893f9718c8f3e3a200a8fe6a1..0663edd75ba92d4f736b8249d572b292e0adc04b 100644 (file)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
+/*
+ * This file provides the API functions wimlib_extract_image(),
+ * wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(), wimlib_extract_paths(), and
+ * wimlib_extract_pathlist().  Internally, all end up calling
+ * do_wimlib_extract_paths() and extract_trees().
+ *
+ * Although wimlib supports multiple extraction modes/backends (NTFS-3g, UNIX,
+ * Win32), this file does not itself have code to extract files or directories
+ * to any specific target; instead, it handles generic functionality and relies
+ * on lower-level callback functions declared in `struct apply_operations' to do
+ * the actual extraction.
+ */
+
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #  include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-#  include "wimlib/win32_common.h" /* For GetFullPathName() */
-#endif
-
 #include "wimlib/apply.h"
 #include "wimlib/dentry.h"
 #include "wimlib/encoding.h"
 #include "wimlib/endianness.h"
 #include "wimlib/error.h"
 #include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/pathlist.h"
 #include "wimlib/paths.h"
+#include "wimlib/reparse.h"
 #include "wimlib/resource.h"
-#include "wimlib/swm.h"
+#include "wimlib/security.h"
+#include "wimlib/unix_data.h"
 #ifdef __WIN32__
 #  include "wimlib/win32.h" /* for realpath() equivalent */
 #endif
 #include "wimlib/xml.h"
+#include "wimlib/wildcard.h"
+#include "wimlib/wim.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-#  include <ntfs-3g/volume.h> /* for ntfs_mount(), ntfs_umount() */
-#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#define MAX_EXTRACT_LONG_PATH_WARNINGS 5
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE   0x80000000
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE   0x40000000
+
+/* Keep in sync with wimlib.h  */
+#define WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC                             \
+       (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS                       |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX                      |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX                    |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT                  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS          |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES         |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS            |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS                 |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB                |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES              |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE  |       \
+        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT)
+
+/* Check whether the extraction of a dentry should be skipped completely.  */
+static bool
+dentry_is_supported(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                   const struct wim_features *supported_features)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               return supported_features->reparse_points ||
+                       (inode_is_symlink(inode) &&
+                        supported_features->symlink_reparse_points);
+       }
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_directories != 0;
+               else
+                       return supported_features->encrypted_files != 0;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+#define PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR 0x00001
 
+/* Read the header from a stream in a pipable WIM.  */
 static int
-do_apply_op(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_args *args,
-           int (*apply_dentry_func)(const tchar *, size_t,
-                                    struct wim_dentry *, struct apply_args *))
+read_pwm_stream_header(WIMStruct *pwm, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
+                      struct wim_resource_spec *rspec,
+                      int flags, struct wim_header_disk *hdr_ret)
 {
-       tchar *p;
-       size_t extraction_path_nchars;
-       struct wim_dentry *d;
-       LIST_HEAD(ancestor_list);
-       const tchar *target;
-       size_t target_nchars;
+       union {
+               struct pwm_stream_hdr stream_hdr;
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+       } buf;
+       struct wim_reshdr reshdr;
+       int ret;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (args->target_lowlevel_path) {
-               target = args->target_lowlevel_path;
-               target_nchars = args->target_lowlevel_path_nchars;
-       } else
-#endif
+       ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr, sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+       if (ret)
+               goto read_error;
+
+       if ((flags & PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR) &&
+           le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) == PWM_MAGIC)
        {
-               target = args->target;
-               target_nchars = args->target_nchars;
-       }
+               BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) < sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
+               ret = full_read(&pwm->in_fd, &buf.stream_hdr + 1,
+                               sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr) - sizeof(buf.stream_hdr));
 
-       extraction_path_nchars = target_nchars;
+               if (ret)
+                       goto read_error;
+               lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT;
+               memcpy(hdr_ret, &buf.pwm_hdr, sizeof(buf.pwm_hdr));
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-       for (d = dentry; d != args->extract_root; d = d->parent) {
-               if (d->not_extracted)
-                       return 0;
-               extraction_path_nchars += d->extraction_name_nchars + 1;
-               list_add(&d->tmp_list, &ancestor_list);
+       if (le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.magic) != PWM_STREAM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("Data read on pipe is invalid (expected stream header).");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
        }
 
-       tchar extraction_path[extraction_path_nchars + 1];
-       p = tmempcpy(extraction_path, target, target_nchars);
+       copy_hash(lte->hash, buf.stream_hdr.hash);
+
+       reshdr.size_in_wim = 0;
+       reshdr.flags = le32_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.flags);
+       reshdr.offset_in_wim = pwm->in_fd.offset;
+       reshdr.uncompressed_size = le64_to_cpu(buf.stream_hdr.uncompressed_size);
+       wim_res_hdr_to_spec(&reshdr, pwm, rspec);
+       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(lte, rspec);
+       lte->flags = rspec->flags;
+       lte->size = rspec->uncompressed_size;
+       lte->offset_in_res = 0;
+       return 0;
+
+read_error:
+       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error reading pipable WIM from pipe");
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+load_streams_from_pipe(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                      const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *found_lte = NULL;
+       struct wim_resource_spec *rspec = NULL;
+       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table;
+       int ret;
 
+       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       found_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+       if (!found_lte)
+               goto out;
 
-       list_for_each_entry(d, &ancestor_list, tmp_list) {
-               *p++ = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
-               p = tmempcpy(p, d->extraction_name, d->extraction_name_nchars);
-       }
-       *p = T('\0');
+       rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+       if (!rspec)
+               goto out;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Warn the user if the path exceeds MAX_PATH */
+       lookup_table = ctx->wim->lookup_table;
+       memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid, ctx->wim->hdr.guid, WIM_GUID_LEN);
+       ctx->progress.extract.part_number = ctx->wim->hdr.part_number;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = ctx->wim->hdr.total_parts;
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
+
+       while (ctx->num_streams_remaining) {
+               struct wim_header_disk pwm_hdr;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *needed_lte;
 
-       /* + 1 for '\0', -4 for \\?\.  */
-       if (extraction_path_nchars + 1 - 4 > MAX_PATH) {
-               if (dentry->needs_extraction &&
-                   args->num_long_paths < MAX_EXTRACT_LONG_PATH_WARNINGS)
+               if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(ctx->wim, found_lte, rspec,
+                                            PWM_ALLOW_WIM_HDR, &pwm_hdr);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out;
+
+               if ((found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT)
+                   && !(found_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)
+                   && (needed_lte = lookup_stream(lookup_table, found_lte->hash))
+                   && (needed_lte->out_refcnt))
                {
-                       WARNING("Path \"%ls\" exceeds MAX_PATH and will not be accessible "
-                               "to most Windows software", extraction_path);
-                       if (++args->num_long_paths == MAX_EXTRACT_LONG_PATH_WARNINGS)
-                               WARNING("Suppressing further warnings about long paths");
+                       needed_lte->offset_in_res = found_lte->offset_in_res;
+                       needed_lte->flags = found_lte->flags;
+                       needed_lte->size = found_lte->size;
+
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(found_lte);
+                       lte_bind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte, rspec);
+
+                       ret = (*cbs->begin_stream)(needed_lte,
+                                                  cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = extract_stream(needed_lte, needed_lte->size,
+                                            cbs->consume_chunk,
+                                            cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
+
+                       ret = (*cbs->end_stream)(needed_lte, ret,
+                                                cbs->end_stream_ctx);
+                       lte_unbind_wim_resource_spec(needed_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out;
+                       ctx->num_streams_remaining--;
+               } else if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_NONEXISTENT) {
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(found_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out;
+               } else {
+                       u16 part_number = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.part_number);
+                       u16 total_parts = le16_to_cpu(pwm_hdr.total_parts);
+
+                       if (part_number != ctx->progress.extract.part_number ||
+                           total_parts != ctx->progress.extract.total_parts ||
+                           memcmp(pwm_hdr.guid, ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                  WIM_GUID_LEN))
+                       {
+                               ctx->progress.extract.part_number = part_number;
+                               ctx->progress.extract.total_parts = total_parts;
+                               memcpy(ctx->progress.extract.guid,
+                                      pwm_hdr.guid, WIM_GUID_LEN);
+                               ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       goto out;
+                       }
                }
        }
-#endif
-       return (*apply_dentry_func)(extraction_path, extraction_path_nchars,
-                                   dentry, args);
+       ret = 0;
+out:
+       if (found_lte->resource_location != RESOURCE_IN_WIM)
+               FREE(rspec);
+       free_lookup_table_entry(found_lte);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-
-/* Extracts a file, directory, or symbolic link from the WIM archive. */
+/* Creates a temporary file opened for writing.  The open file descriptor is
+ * returned in @fd_ret and its name is returned in @name_ret (dynamically
+ * allocated).  */
 static int
-apply_dentry_normal(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+create_temporary_file(struct filedes *fd_ret, tchar **name_ret)
 {
+       tchar *name;
+       int open_flags;
+       int raw_fd;
+
+retry:
+       name = ttempnam(NULL, T("wimlib"));
+       if (!name) {
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary filename");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       open_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY;
 #ifdef __WIN32__
-       return do_apply_op(dentry, arg, win32_do_apply_dentry);
-#else
-       return do_apply_op(dentry, arg, unix_do_apply_dentry);
+       open_flags |= _O_SHORT_LIVED;
 #endif
-}
+       raw_fd = topen(name, open_flags, 0600);
 
+       if (raw_fd < 0) {
+               if (errno == EEXIST) {
+                       FREE(name);
+                       goto retry;
+               }
+               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create temporary file "
+                                "\"%"TS"\"", name);
+               FREE(name);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
+       }
 
-/* Apply timestamps to an extracted file or directory */
-static int
-apply_dentry_timestamps_normal(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *arg)
-{
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       return do_apply_op(dentry, arg, win32_do_apply_dentry_timestamps);
-#else
-       return do_apply_op(dentry, arg, unix_do_apply_dentry_timestamps);
-#endif
+       filedes_init(fd_ret, raw_fd);
+       *name_ret = name;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static bool
-dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+static int
+begin_extract_stream_wrapper(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, void *_ctx)
 {
-       const utf16lechar *file_name = dentry->file_name;
-       return file_name != NULL &&
-               file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-               (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('\0') ||
-                (file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
-                 file_name[2] == cpu_to_le16('\0')));
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       ctx->cur_stream = lte;
+       ctx->cur_stream_offset = 0;
+
+       if (unlikely(lte->out_refcnt > MAX_OPEN_STREAMS))
+               return create_temporary_file(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, &ctx->tmpfile_name);
+       else
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->begin_stream)(lte, ctx->saved_cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
 }
 
-/* Extract a dentry if it hasn't already been extracted and either
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS is not specified, or the dentry is a directory
- * and/or has no unnamed stream. */
 static int
-maybe_apply_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+extract_chunk_wrapper(const void *chunk, size_t size, void *_ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_args *args = arg;
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+       union wimlib_progress_info *progress = &ctx->progress;
        int ret;
 
-       if (!dentry->needs_extraction)
-               return 0;
+       ctx->cur_stream_offset += size;
 
-       if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS &&
-           !dentry_is_directory(dentry) &&
-           inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode) != NULL)
-               return 0;
+       if (likely(ctx->supported_features.hard_links)) {
+               progress->extract.completed_bytes +=
+                       (u64)size * ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt;
+               if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == ctx->cur_stream->size)
+                       progress->extract.completed_streams += ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt;
+       } else {
+               const struct stream_owner *owners = stream_owners(ctx->cur_stream);
+               for (u32 i = 0; i < ctx->cur_stream->out_refcnt; i++) {
+                       const struct wim_inode *inode = owners[i].inode;
+                       const struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
+                       list_for_each_entry(dentry,
+                                           &inode->i_extraction_aliases,
+                                           d_extraction_alias_node)
+                       {
+                               progress->extract.completed_bytes += size;
+                               if (ctx->cur_stream_offset == ctx->cur_stream->size)
+                                       progress->extract.completed_streams++;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >= ctx->next_progress) {
 
-       if ((args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE) &&
-            args->progress_func) {
-               ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
+               ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
-               args->progress.extract.cur_path = dentry->_full_path;
-               args->progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY,
-                                   &args->progress);
+
+               if (progress->extract.completed_bytes >=
+                   progress->extract.total_bytes)
+               {
+                       ctx->next_progress = UINT64_MAX;
+               } else {
+                       /* Send new message as soon as another 1/128 of the
+                        * total has been extracted.  (Arbitrary number.)  */
+                       ctx->next_progress =
+                               progress->extract.completed_bytes +
+                                       progress->extract.total_bytes / 128;
+
+                       /* ... Unless that would be more than 5000000 bytes, in
+                        * which case send the next after the next 5000000
+                        * bytes.  (Another arbitrary number.)  */
+                       if (progress->extract.completed_bytes + 5000000 <
+                           ctx->next_progress)
+                               ctx->next_progress =
+                                       progress->extract.completed_bytes + 5000000;
+
+                       /* ... But always send a message as soon as we're
+                        * completely done.  */
+                       if (progress->extract.total_bytes < ctx->next_progress)
+                               ctx->next_progress = progress->extract.total_bytes;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (unlikely(filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd))) {
+               /* Just extracting to temporary file for now.  */
+               ret = full_write(&ctx->tmpfile_fd, chunk, size);
+               if (ret) {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Error writing data to "
+                                        "temporary file \"%"TS"\"",
+                                        ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               }
+               return ret;
+       } else {
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->consume_chunk)(chunk, size,
+                                                       ctx->saved_cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
        }
-       ret = args->apply_dentry(dentry, args);
-       if (ret == 0)
-               dentry->needs_extraction = 0;
-       return ret;
 }
 
-static void
-calculate_bytes_to_extract(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                          int extract_flags,
-                          union wimlib_progress_info *progress)
+static int
+extract_from_tmpfile(const tchar *tmpfile_name, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       u64 total_bytes = 0;
-       u64 num_streams = 0;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry tmpfile_lte;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *orig_lte = ctx->cur_stream;
+       const struct stream_owner *owners = stream_owners(orig_lte);
+       const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs = ctx->saved_cbs;
+       int ret;
 
-       /* For each stream to be extracted... */
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list) {
-               if (extract_flags &
-                   (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-               {
-                       /* In the symlink or hard link extraction mode, each
-                        * stream will be extracted one time regardless of how
-                        * many dentries share the stream. */
-                       wimlib_assert(!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS));
-                       if (!lte->extracted_file) {
-                               num_streams++;
-                               total_bytes += wim_resource_size(lte);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       num_streams += lte->out_refcnt;
-                       total_bytes += lte->out_refcnt * wim_resource_size(lte);
-               }
+       /* Copy the stream's data from the temporary file to each of its
+        * destinations.
+        *
+        * This is executed only in the very uncommon case that a
+        * single-instance stream is being extracted to more than
+        * MAX_OPEN_STREAMS locations!  */
+
+       memcpy(&tmpfile_lte, orig_lte, sizeof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry));
+       tmpfile_lte.resource_location = RESOURCE_IN_FILE_ON_DISK;
+       tmpfile_lte.file_on_disk = ctx->tmpfile_name;
+       tmpfile_lte.out_refcnt = 1;
+
+       for (u32 i = 0; i < orig_lte->out_refcnt; i++) {
+               tmpfile_lte.inline_stream_owners[0] = owners[i];
+
+               /* Note: it usually doesn't matter whether we pass the original
+                * stream entry to callbacks provided by the extraction backend
+                * as opposed to the tmpfile stream entry, since they shouldn't
+                * actually read data from the stream other than through the
+                * read_stream_prefix() call below.  But for
+                * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT mode on Windows it does matter
+                * because it needs the original stream location in order to
+                * create the external backing reference.  */
+
+               ret = (*cbs->begin_stream)(orig_lte, cbs->begin_stream_ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               /* Extra SHA-1 isn't necessary here, but it shouldn't hurt as
+                * this case is very rare anyway.  */
+               ret = extract_stream(&tmpfile_lte, tmpfile_lte.size,
+                                    cbs->consume_chunk,
+                                    cbs->consume_chunk_ctx);
+
+               return (*cbs->end_stream)(orig_lte, ret,
+                                         cbs->end_stream_ctx);
        }
-       progress->extract.num_streams = num_streams;
-       progress->extract.total_bytes = total_bytes;
-       progress->extract.completed_bytes = 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
-                               struct list_head *stream_list)
+static int
+end_extract_stream_wrapper(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *stream,
+                          int status, void *_ctx)
 {
-       if (++lte->out_refcnt == 1) {
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lte->lte_dentry_list);
-               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, stream_list);
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (unlikely(filedes_valid(&ctx->tmpfile_fd))) {
+               filedes_close(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+               if (!status)
+                       status = extract_from_tmpfile(ctx->tmpfile_name, ctx);
+               filedes_invalidate(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+               tunlink(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               FREE(ctx->tmpfile_name);
+               return status;
+       } else {
+               return (*ctx->saved_cbs->end_stream)(stream, status,
+                                                    ctx->saved_cbs->end_stream_ctx);
        }
 }
 
-struct find_streams_ctx {
-       struct list_head stream_list;
-       int extract_flags;
-};
+/*
+ * Read the list of single-instance streams to extract and feed their data into
+ * the specified callback functions.
+ *
+ * This handles checksumming each stream.
+ *
+ * This also handles sending WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS.
+ *
+ * This also works if the WIM is being read from a pipe, whereas attempting to
+ * read streams directly (e.g. with read_full_stream_into_buf()) will not.
+ *
+ * This also will split up streams that will need to be extracted to more than
+ * MAX_OPEN_STREAMS locations, as measured by the 'out_refcnt' of each stream.
+ * Therefore, the apply_operations implementation need not worry about running
+ * out of file descriptors, unless it might open more than one file descriptor
+ * per nominal destination (e.g. Win32 currently might because the destination
+ * file system might not support hard links).
+ */
+int
+extract_stream_list(struct apply_ctx *ctx,
+                   const struct read_stream_list_callbacks *cbs)
+{
+       struct read_stream_list_callbacks wrapper_cbs = {
+               .begin_stream      = begin_extract_stream_wrapper,
+               .begin_stream_ctx  = ctx,
+               .consume_chunk     = extract_chunk_wrapper,
+               .consume_chunk_ctx = ctx,
+               .end_stream        = end_extract_stream_wrapper,
+               .end_stream_ctx    = ctx,
+       };
+       ctx->saved_cbs = cbs;
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+               return load_streams_from_pipe(ctx, &wrapper_cbs);
+       } else {
+               return read_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list,
+                                       offsetof(struct wim_lookup_table_entry,
+                                                extraction_list),
+                                       &wrapper_cbs, VERIFY_STREAM_HASHES);
+       }
+}
 
+/* Extract a WIM dentry to standard output.
+ *
+ * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
+ * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
+ * unnamed data stream only.  */
 static int
-dentry_find_streams_to_extract(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                        const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       struct find_streams_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
        struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       bool dentry_added = false;
-       struct list_head *stream_list = &ctx->stream_list;
-       int extract_flags = ctx->extract_flags;
-
-       if (!dentry->needs_extraction)
-               return 0;
+       struct filedes _stdout;
 
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
-       if (lte) {
-               if (!inode->i_visited)
-                       maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(lte, stream_list);
-               list_add_tail(&dentry->extraction_stream_list, &lte->lte_dentry_list);
-               dentry_added = true;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT |
+                                  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+       {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
+                     "extracted to standard output", dentry_full_path(dentry));
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
        }
 
-       /* Determine whether to include alternate data stream entries or not.
-        *
-        * UNIX:  Include them if extracting using NTFS-3g.
-        *
-        * Windows: Include them undconditionally, although if the filesystem is
-        * not NTFS we won't actually be able to extract them. */
-#if defined(WITH_NTFS_3G)
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
-#elif defined(__WIN32__)
-       if (1)
-#else
-       if (0)
-#endif
-       {
-               for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       if (inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name_nbytes != 0) {
-                               lte = inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte;
-                               if (lte) {
-                                       if (!inode->i_visited) {
-                                               maybe_add_stream_for_extraction(lte,
-                                                                               stream_list);
-                                       }
-                                       if (!dentry_added) {
-                                               list_add_tail(&dentry->extraction_stream_list,
-                                                             &lte->lte_dentry_list);
-                                               dentry_added = true;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
+       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, lookup_table);
+       if (!lte) {
+               const u8 *hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
+               if (!is_zero_hash(hash))
+                       return stream_not_found_error(inode, hash);
+               return 0;
        }
-       inode->i_visited = 1;
-       return 0;
+
+       filedes_init(&_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+       return extract_full_stream_to_fd(lte, &_stdout);
 }
 
 static int
-dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_lookup_table)
+extract_dentries_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry **dentries, size_t num_dentries,
+                          const struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table = _lookup_table;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-       inode_resolve_ltes(inode, lookup_table);
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
-               if (lte)
-                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_dentries; i++) {
+               int ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(dentries[i], lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-find_streams_for_extraction(struct wim_dentry *root,
-                           struct list_head *stream_list,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
-                           int extract_flags)
-{
-       struct find_streams_ctx ctx;
+/**********************************************************************/
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx.stream_list);
-       ctx.extract_flags = extract_flags;
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_resolve_and_zero_lte_refcnt, lookup_table);
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_find_streams_to_extract, &ctx);
-       list_transfer(&ctx.stream_list, stream_list);
+/*
+ * Removes duplicate dentries from the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_duplicate_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               if (!trees[i]->tmp_flag) {
+                       /* Found distinct dentry.  */
+                       trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+                       trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               }
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
 }
 
-struct apply_operations {
-       int (*apply_dentry)(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *arg);
-       int (*apply_dentry_timestamps)(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *arg);
-};
+/*
+ * Remove dentries that are descendants of other dentries in the array.
+ *
+ * Returns the new number of dentries, packed at the front of the array.
+ */
+static size_t
+remove_contained_trees(struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees)
+{
+       size_t i, j = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+               struct wim_dentry *d = trees[i];
+               while (!dentry_is_root(d)) {
+                       d = d->d_parent;
+                       if (d->tmp_flag)
+                               goto tree_contained;
+               }
+               trees[j++] = trees[i];
+               continue;
 
-static const struct apply_operations normal_apply_operations = {
-       .apply_dentry = apply_dentry_normal,
-       .apply_dentry_timestamps = apply_dentry_timestamps_normal,
-};
+       tree_contained:
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       }
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-static const struct apply_operations ntfs_apply_operations = {
-       .apply_dentry = apply_dentry_ntfs,
-       .apply_dentry_timestamps = apply_dentry_timestamps_ntfs,
-};
-#endif
+       for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+               trees[i]->tmp_flag = 0;
+       return j;
+}
 
 static int
-apply_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list,
-                 struct apply_args *args,
-                 const struct apply_operations *ops,
-                 wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+dentry_append_to_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_dentry_list)
 {
-       uint64_t bytes_per_progress = args->progress.extract.total_bytes / 100;
-       uint64_t next_progress = bytes_per_progress;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
-       int ret;
-
-       /* This complicated loop is essentially looping through the dentries,
-        * although dentries may be visited more than once (if a dentry contains
-        * two different nonempty streams) or not at all (if a dentry contains
-        * no non-empty streams).
-        *
-        * The outer loop is over the distinct streams to be extracted so that
-        * sequential reading of the WIM can be implemented. */
-
-       /* For each distinct stream to be extracted */
-       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list) {
-               /* For each dentry to be extracted that is a name for an inode
-                * containing the stream */
-               list_for_each_entry(dentry, &lte->lte_dentry_list, extraction_stream_list) {
-                       /* Extract the dentry if it was not already
-                        * extracted */
-                       ret = maybe_apply_dentry(dentry, args);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-                       if (progress_func &&
-                           args->progress.extract.completed_bytes >= next_progress)
-                       {
-                               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS,
-                                             &args->progress);
-                               if (args->progress.extract.completed_bytes >=
-                                   args->progress.extract.total_bytes)
-                               {
-                                       next_progress = ~0ULL;
-                               } else {
-                                       next_progress =
-                                               min (args->progress.extract.completed_bytes +
-                                                    bytes_per_progress,
-                                                    args->progress.extract.total_bytes);
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       struct list_head *dentry_list = _dentry_list;
+       list_add_tail(&dentry->d_extraction_list_node, dentry_list);
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(struct list_head *stream_list)
+static void
+dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct list_head *cur;
-       size_t num_streams;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry **array;
-       size_t i;
-       size_t array_size;
-
-       num_streams = 0;
-       list_for_each(cur, stream_list)
-               num_streams++;
-       array_size = num_streams * sizeof(array[0]);
-       array = MALLOC(array_size);
-       if (!array) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes to sort stream entries",
-                     array_size);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       cur = stream_list->next;
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++) {
-               array[i] = container_of(cur, struct wim_lookup_table_entry, extraction_list);
-               cur = cur->next;
-       }
-
-       qsort(array, num_streams, sizeof(array[0]), cmp_streams_by_wim_position);
+       dentry->d_extraction_list_node = (struct list_head){NULL, NULL};
+}
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(stream_list);
-       for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++)
-               list_add_tail(&array[i]->extraction_list, stream_list);
-       FREE(array);
+static int
+dentry_delete_from_list(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       list_del(&dentry->d_extraction_list_node);
+       dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
        return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Extract a dentry to standard output.
+ * Build the preliminary list of dentries to be extracted.
  *
- * This obviously doesn't make sense in all cases.  We return an error if the
- * dentry does not correspond to a regular file.  Otherwise we extract the
- * unnamed data stream only.
+ * The list maintains the invariant that if d1 and d2 are in the list and d1 is
+ * an ancestor of d2, then d1 appears before d2 in the list.
  */
-static int
-extract_dentry_to_stdout(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+static void
+build_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct wim_dentry **trees,
+                 size_t num_trees, bool add_ancestors)
 {
-       int ret = 0;
-       if (!dentry_is_regular_file(dentry)) {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a regular file and therefore cannot be "
-                     "extracted to standard output", dentry->_full_path);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_A_REGULAR_FILE;
-       } else {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-               lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(dentry->d_inode);
-               if (lte) {
-                       ret = extract_wim_resource_to_fd(lte, STDOUT_FILENO,
-                                                        wim_resource_size(lte));
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
+
+       /* Add the trees recursively.  */
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++)
+               for_dentry_in_tree(trees[i], dentry_append_to_list, dentry_list);
+
+       /* If requested, add ancestors of the trees.  */
+       if (add_ancestors) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trees; i++) {
+                       struct wim_dentry *dentry = trees[i];
+                       struct wim_dentry *ancestor;
+                       struct list_head *place_after;
+
+                       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+                               continue;
+
+                       place_after = dentry_list;
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->d_parent;
+                               if (will_extract_dentry(ancestor)) {
+                                       place_after = &ancestor->d_extraction_list_node;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
+
+                       ancestor = dentry;
+                       do {
+                               ancestor = ancestor->d_parent;
+                               if (will_extract_dentry(ancestor))
+                                       break;
+                               list_add(&ancestor->d_extraction_list_node, place_after);
+                       } while (!dentry_is_root(ancestor));
                }
        }
-       return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_dentry_list(struct list_head *dentry_list)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry, *tmp;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(dentry, tmp, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               dentry_reset_extraction_list_node(dentry);
+               inode->i_visited = 0;
+               if ((void *)dentry->d_extraction_name != (void *)dentry->file_name)
+                       FREE(dentry->d_extraction_name);
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = NULL;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = 0;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+destroy_stream_list(struct list_head *stream_list)
+{
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(lte, stream_list, extraction_list)
+               if (lte->out_refcnt > ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners))
+                       FREE(lte->stream_owners);
 }
 
 #ifdef __WIN32__
@@ -495,80 +747,63 @@ file_name_valid(utf16lechar *name, size_t num_chars, bool fix)
        return true;
 }
 
-/*
- * dentry_calculate_extraction_path-
- *
- * Calculate the actual filename component at which a WIM dentry will be
- * extracted, handling invalid filenames "properly".
- *
- * dentry->extraction_name usually will be set the same as dentry->file_name (on
- * UNIX, converted into the platform's multibyte encoding).  However, if the
- * file name contains characters that are not valid on the current platform or
- * has some other format that is not valid, leave dentry->extraction_name as
- * NULL and clear dentry->needs_extraction to indicate that this dentry should
- * not be extracted, unless the appropriate flag
- * WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES is set in the extract flags, in
- * which case a substitute filename will be created and set instead.
- *
- * Conflicts with case-insensitive names on Windows are handled similarly; see
- * below.
- */
 static int
-dentry_calculate_extraction_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
+dentry_calculate_extraction_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       struct apply_args *args = _args;
        int ret;
 
-       dentry->needs_extraction = 1;
+       if (!dentry_is_supported(dentry, &ctx->supported_features))
+               goto skip_dentry;
 
-       if (dentry == args->extract_root)
+       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
                return 0;
 
-       if (dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(dentry)) {
-               /* WIM files shouldn't contain . or .. entries.  But if they are
-                * there, don't attempt to extract them. */
-               WARNING("Skipping extraction of unexpected . or .. file \"%"TS"\"",
-                       dentry_full_path(dentry));
-               goto skip_dentry;
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes /
+                                                  sizeof(utf16lechar);
+               return 0;
        }
+#endif
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       struct wim_dentry *other;
-       list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list,
-                           case_insensitive_conflict_list)
-       {
-               if (other->needs_extraction) {
-                       if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS)
-                       {
-                               WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same case-insensitive "
-                                       "name as \"%"TS"\"; extracting dummy name instead",
-                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
-                                       dentry_full_path(other));
-                               goto out_replace;
-                       } else {
-                               WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": has same case-insensitive "
-                                       "name as \"%"TS"\"",
-                                       dentry_full_path(dentry),
-                                       dentry_full_path(other));
-                               goto skip_dentry;
+       if (!ctx->supported_features.case_sensitive_filenames) {
+               struct wim_dentry *other;
+               list_for_each_entry(other, &dentry->d_ci_conflict_list,
+                                   d_ci_conflict_list)
+               {
+                       if (will_extract_dentry(other)) {
+                               if (ctx->extract_flags &
+                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS) {
+                                       WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has the same "
+                                               "case-insensitive name as "
+                                               "\"%"TS"\"; extracting "
+                                               "dummy name instead",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto out_replace;
+                               } else {
+                                       WARNING("Not extracting \"%"TS"\": "
+                                               "has same case-insensitive "
+                                               "name as \"%"TS"\"",
+                                               dentry_full_path(dentry),
+                                               dentry_full_path(other));
+                                       goto skip_dentry;
+                               }
                        }
                }
        }
-#endif
 
        if (file_name_valid(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, false)) {
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-               dentry->extraction_name = dentry->file_name;
-               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
-               return 0;
-#else
-               return utf16le_to_tstr(dentry->file_name,
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(dentry->file_name,
                                       dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                      &dentry->extraction_name,
-                                      &dentry->extraction_name_nchars);
-#endif
+                                      (const tchar **)&dentry->d_extraction_name,
+                                      &dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars);
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+               return ret;
        } else {
-               if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES)
+               if (ctx->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES)
                {
                        WARNING("\"%"TS"\" has an invalid filename "
                                "that is not supported on this platform; "
@@ -590,536 +825,866 @@ out_replace:
                memcpy(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes);
                file_name_valid(utf16_name_copy, dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2, true);
 
-               tchar *tchar_name;
+               const tchar *tchar_name;
                size_t tchar_nchars;
-       #ifdef __WIN32__
-               tchar_name = utf16_name_copy;
-               tchar_nchars = dentry->file_name_nbytes / 2;
-       #else
-               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
-                                     dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                     &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
+
+               ret = utf16le_get_tstr(utf16_name_copy,
+                                      dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                      &tchar_name, &tchar_nchars);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
-       #endif
+
+               tchar_nchars /= sizeof(tchar);
+
                size_t fixed_name_num_chars = tchar_nchars;
                tchar fixed_name[tchar_nchars + 50];
 
                tmemcpy(fixed_name, tchar_name, tchar_nchars);
                fixed_name_num_chars += tsprintf(fixed_name + tchar_nchars,
                                                 T(" (invalid filename #%lu)"),
-                                                ++args->invalid_sequence);
-       #ifndef __WIN32__
-               FREE(tchar_name);
-       #endif
-               dentry->extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name, 2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
-               if (!dentry->extraction_name)
+                                                ++ctx->invalid_sequence);
+
+               utf16le_put_tstr(tchar_name);
+
+               dentry->d_extraction_name = memdup(fixed_name,
+                                                  2 * fixed_name_num_chars + 2);
+               if (!dentry->d_extraction_name)
                        return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               dentry->extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
+               dentry->d_extraction_name_nchars = fixed_name_num_chars;
        }
        return 0;
-skip_dentry:
-       dentry->needs_extraction = 0;
-       dentry->not_extracted = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
 
-static int
-dentry_reset_needs_extraction(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       dentry->needs_extraction = 0;
-       dentry->not_extracted = 0;
-       dentry->is_win32_name = 0;
-       dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
-       dentry->d_inode->i_dos_name_extracted = 0;
-       FREE(dentry->d_inode->i_extracted_file);
-       dentry->d_inode->i_extracted_file = NULL;
-       if ((void*)dentry->extraction_name != (void*)dentry->file_name)
-               FREE(dentry->extraction_name);
-       dentry->extraction_name = NULL;
+skip_dentry:
+       for_dentry_in_tree(dentry, dentry_delete_from_list, NULL);
        return 0;
 }
 
-#define WINDOWS_NT_MAX_PATH 32768
-
 /*
- * extract_tree - Extract a file or directory tree from the currently selected
- *               WIM image.
+ * Calculate the actual filename component at which each WIM dentry will be
+ * extracted, with special handling for dentries that are unsupported by the
+ * extraction backend or have invalid names.
  *
- * @wim:       WIMStruct for the WIM file, with the desired image selected
- *             (as wim->current_image).
- * @wim_source_path:
- *             "Canonical" (i.e. no leading or trailing slashes, path
- *             separators forwald slashes) path inside the WIM image to
- *             extract.  An empty string means the full image.
- * @target:
- *             Filesystem path to extract the file or directory tree to.
+ * ctx->supported_features must be filled in.
  *
- * @extract_flags:
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.  Also, the private flag
- *             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE will be set if this is being
- *             called through wimlib_extract_image() with WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES as
- *             the image.
- *
- * @progress_func:
- *             If non-NULL, progress function for the extraction.  The messages
- *             we may in this function are:
- *
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DENTRY;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS;
- *             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END or
- *                     WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM, WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF16_STRING
  */
 static int
-extract_tree(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *wim_source_path, const tchar *target,
-            int extract_flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                                      struct apply_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct list_head stream_list;
-       struct apply_args args;
-       const struct apply_operations *ops;
-       struct wim_dentry *root;
+       struct list_head *prev, *cur;
 
-       memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+       /* Can't use list_for_each_entry() because a call to
+        * dentry_calculate_extraction_name() may delete the current dentry and
+        * its children from the list.  */
 
+       prev = dentry_list;
+       for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+               int ret;
 
-       args.w                      = wim;
-       args.target                 = target;
-       args.target_nchars          = tstrlen(target);
-       args.extract_flags          = extract_flags;
-       args.progress_func          = progress_func;
+               cur = prev->next;
+               if (cur == dentry_list)
+                       break;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Work around defective behavior in Windows where paths longer than 260
-        * characters are not supported by default; instead they need to be
-        * turned into absolute paths and prefixed with "\\?\".  */
-       args.target_lowlevel_path = MALLOC(WINDOWS_NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof(wchar_t));
-       if (!args.target_lowlevel_path)
-       {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out;
+               dentry = list_entry(cur, struct wim_dentry, d_extraction_list_node);
+
+               ret = dentry_calculate_extraction_name(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               if (prev->next == cur)
+                       prev = cur;
+               else
+                       ; /* Current dentry and its children (which follow in
+                            the list) were deleted.  prev stays the same.  */
        }
-       args.target_lowlevel_path_nchars =
-               GetFullPathName(args.target, WINDOWS_NT_MAX_PATH - 4,
-                               &args.target_lowlevel_path[4], NULL);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (args.target_lowlevel_path_nchars == 0 ||
-           args.target_lowlevel_path_nchars >= WINDOWS_NT_MAX_PATH - 4)
-       {
-               WARNING("Can't get full path name for \"%ls\"", args.target);
-               FREE(args.target_lowlevel_path);
-               args.target_lowlevel_path = NULL;
-       } else {
-               wmemcpy(args.target_lowlevel_path, L"\\\\?\\", 4);
-               args.target_lowlevel_path_nchars += 4;
+static int
+dentry_resolve_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, int extract_flags,
+                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       int ret;
+       bool force = false;
+
+       /* Special case:  when extracting from a pipe, the WIM lookup table is
+        * initially empty, so "resolving" an inode's streams is initially not
+        * possible.  However, we still need to keep track of which streams,
+        * identified by SHA1 message digests, need to be extracted, so we
+        * "resolve" the inode's streams anyway by allocating new entries.  */
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE)
+               force = true;
+       ret = inode_resolve_streams(inode, lookup_table, force);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       for (u32 i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
+               if (lte)
+                       lte->out_refcnt = 0;
        }
-#endif
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               args.progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
-               args.progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
-               args.progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
-                                                      WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
-               args.progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
-                                                                        wim->current_image);
-               args.progress.extract.extract_root_wim_source_path = wim_source_path;
-               args.progress.extract.target = target;
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, resolve all streams in the corresponding
+ * inode and set 'out_refcnt' in each to 0.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_resolve_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                           struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               ret = dentry_resolve_streams(dentry,
+                                            ctx->extract_flags,
+                                            ctx->wim->lookup_table);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               args.vol = ntfs_mount(target, 0);
-               if (!args.vol) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to mount NTFS volume `%"TS"'",
-                                        target);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
-                       goto out_free_target_lowlevel_path;
+static int
+ref_stream(struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, u32 stream_idx,
+          struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       struct stream_owner *stream_owners;
+
+       if (!lte)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Tally the size only for each extraction of the stream (not hard
+        * links).  */
+       if (inode->i_visited && ctx->supported_features.hard_links)
+               return 0;
+
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes += lte->size;
+       ctx->progress.extract.total_streams++;
+
+       if (inode->i_visited)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Add stream to the dentry_list only one time, even if it's going
+        * to be extracted to multiple inodes.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt == 0) {
+               list_add_tail(&lte->extraction_list, &ctx->stream_list);
+               ctx->num_streams_remaining++;
+       }
+
+       /* If inode not yet been visited, append it to the stream_owners array.  */
+       if (lte->out_refcnt < ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners)) {
+               stream_owners = lte->inline_stream_owners;
+       } else {
+               struct stream_owner *prev_stream_owners;
+               size_t alloc_stream_owners;
+
+               if (lte->out_refcnt == ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners)) {
+                       prev_stream_owners = NULL;
+                       alloc_stream_owners = ARRAY_LEN(lte->inline_stream_owners);
+               } else {
+                       prev_stream_owners = lte->stream_owners;
+                       alloc_stream_owners = lte->alloc_stream_owners;
                }
-               ops = &ntfs_apply_operations;
-       } else
-#endif
-               ops = &normal_apply_operations;
 
-       root = get_dentry(wim, wim_source_path);
-       if (!root) {
-               ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist in WIM image %d",
-                     wim_source_path, wim->current_image);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-               goto out_ntfs_umount;
+               if (lte->out_refcnt == alloc_stream_owners) {
+                       alloc_stream_owners *= 2;
+                       stream_owners = REALLOC(prev_stream_owners,
+                                              alloc_stream_owners *
+                                               sizeof(stream_owners[0]));
+                       if (!stream_owners)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       if (!prev_stream_owners) {
+                               memcpy(stream_owners,
+                                      lte->inline_stream_owners,
+                                      sizeof(lte->inline_stream_owners));
+                       }
+                       lte->stream_owners = stream_owners;
+                       lte->alloc_stream_owners = alloc_stream_owners;
+               }
+               stream_owners = lte->stream_owners;
        }
-       args.extract_root = root;
+       stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].inode = inode;
+       if (stream_idx == 0) {
+               stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].stream_name = NULL;
+       } else {
+               stream_owners[lte->out_refcnt].stream_name =
+                       inode->i_ads_entries[stream_idx - 1].stream_name;
+       }
+       lte->out_refcnt++;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Calculate the actual filename component of each extracted dentry, and
-        * in the process set the dentry->needs_extraction flag on dentries that
-        * will be extracted. */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_calculate_extraction_path, &args);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+static int
+dentry_ref_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       int ret;
 
-       /* Build a list of the streams that need to be extracted */
-       find_streams_for_extraction(root,
-                                   &stream_list,
-                                   wim->lookup_table, extract_flags);
+       /* The unnamed data stream will always be extracted, except in an
+        * unlikely case.  */
+       if (!inode_is_encrypted_directory(inode)) {
+               u16 stream_idx;
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *stream;
 
-       /* Calculate the number of bytes of data that will be extracted */
-       calculate_bytes_to_extract(&stream_list, extract_flags,
-                                  &args.progress);
+               stream = inode_unnamed_stream_resolved(inode, &stream_idx);
+               ret = ref_stream(stream, stream_idx, dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
-               ret = extract_dentry_to_stdout(root);
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+       /* Named data streams will be extracted only if supported in the current
+        * extraction mode and volume, and to avoid complications, if not doing
+        * a linked extraction.  */
+       if (ctx->supported_features.named_data_streams) {
+               for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+                       if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
+                               continue;
+                       ret = ref_stream(inode->i_ads_entries[i].lte, i + 1,
+                                        dentry, ctx);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
        }
+       inode->i_visited = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For each dentry to be extracted, iterate through the data streams of the
+ * corresponding inode.  For each such stream that is not to be ignored due to
+ * the supported features or extraction flags, add it to the list of streams to
+ * be extracted (ctx->stream_list) if not already done so.
+ *
+ * Also builds a mapping from each stream to the inodes referencing it.
+ *
+ * This also initializes the extract progress info with byte and stream
+ * information.
+ *
+ * ctx->supported_features must be filled in.
+ *
+ * Possible error codes: WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+static int
+dentry_list_ref_streams(struct list_head *dentry_list, struct apply_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN :
-                             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN,
-                             &args.progress);
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               ret = dentry_ref_streams(dentry, ctx);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* If a sequential extraction was specified, sort the streams to be
-        * extracted by their position in the WIM file, so that the WIM file can
-        * be read sequentially. */
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL) {
-               ret = sort_stream_list_by_wim_position(&stream_list);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       WARNING("Falling back to non-sequential extraction");
-                       extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
-               }
+static void
+dentry_list_build_inode_alias_lists(struct list_head *dentry_list)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node) {
+               inode = dentry->d_inode;
+               if (!inode->i_visited)
+                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_extraction_aliases);
+               list_add_tail(&dentry->d_extraction_alias_node,
+                             &inode->i_extraction_aliases);
+               inode->i_visited = 1;
        }
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+}
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN,
-                             &args.progress);
+static void
+inode_tally_features(const struct wim_inode *inode,
+                    struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE)
+               features->archive_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)
+               features->hidden_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)
+               features->system_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED)
+               features->compressed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) {
+               if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                       features->encrypted_directories++;
+               else
+                       features->encrypted_files++;
        }
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED)
+               features->not_context_indexed_files++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE)
+               features->sparse_files++;
+       if (inode_has_named_stream(inode))
+               features->named_data_streams++;
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               features->reparse_points++;
+               if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
+                       features->symlink_reparse_points++;
+               else
+                       features->other_reparse_points++;
+       }
+       if (inode->i_security_id != -1)
+               features->security_descriptors++;
+       if (inode_has_unix_data(inode))
+               features->unix_data++;
+}
 
-       /* Make the directory structure and extract empty files */
-       args.extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-       args.apply_dentry = ops->apply_dentry;
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(root, maybe_apply_dentry, &args);
-       args.extract_flags &= ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_STREAMS;
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+/* Tally features necessary to extract a dentry and the corresponding inode.  */
+static void
+dentry_tally_features(struct wim_dentry *dentry, struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry))
+               features->short_names++;
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_END,
-                             &args.progress);
+       if (inode->i_visited) {
+               features->hard_links++;
+       } else {
+               inode_tally_features(inode, features);
+               inode->i_visited = 1;
        }
+}
 
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX) {
-               args.target_realpath = realpath(target, NULL);
-               if (!args.target_realpath) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction;
+/* Tally the features necessary to extract the specified dentries.  */
+static void
+dentry_list_get_features(struct list_head *dentry_list,
+                        struct wim_features *features)
+{
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry_tally_features(dentry, features);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(dentry, dentry_list, d_extraction_list_node)
+               dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_feature_check(const struct wim_features *required_features,
+                const struct wim_features *supported_features,
+                int extract_flags)
+{
+       /* File attributes.  */
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES)) {
+               /* Note: Don't bother the user about FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE.
+                * We're an archive program, so theoretically we can do what we
+                * want with it.  */
+
+               if (required_features->hidden_files &&
+                   !supported_features->hidden_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN of %lu files",
+                               required_features->hidden_files);
+
+               if (required_features->system_files &&
+                   !supported_features->system_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM of %lu files",
+                               required_features->system_files);
+
+               if (required_features->compressed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->compressed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->compressed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->not_context_indexed_files &&
+                   !supported_features->not_context_indexed_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED of %lu files",
+                               required_features->not_context_indexed_files);
+
+               if (required_features->sparse_files &&
+                   !supported_features->sparse_files)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE of %lu files",
+                               required_features->sparse_files);
+
+               if (required_features->encrypted_directories &&
+                   !supported_features->encrypted_directories)
+                       WARNING("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED of %lu directories",
+                               required_features->encrypted_directories);
+       }
+
+       /* Encrypted files.  */
+       if (required_features->encrypted_files &&
+           !supported_features->encrypted_files)
+               WARNING("Ignoring %lu encrypted files",
+                       required_features->encrypted_files);
+
+       /* Named data streams.  */
+       if (required_features->named_data_streams &&
+           (!supported_features->named_data_streams))
+               WARNING("Ignoring named data streams of %lu files",
+                       required_features->named_data_streams);
+
+       /* Hard links.  */
+       if (required_features->hard_links && !supported_features->hard_links)
+               WARNING("Extracting %lu hard links as independent files",
+                       required_features->hard_links);
+
+       /* Symbolic links and reparse points.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SYMLINKS) &&
+           required_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->symlink_reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support symbolic links!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (required_features->reparse_points &&
+           !supported_features->reparse_points)
+       {
+               if (supported_features->symlink_reparse_points) {
+                       if (required_features->other_reparse_points) {
+                               WARNING("Ignoring %lu non-symlink/junction "
+                                       "reparse point files",
+                                       required_features->other_reparse_points);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring %lu reparse point files",
+                               required_features->reparse_points);
                }
-               args.target_realpath_len = tstrlen(args.target_realpath);
        }
 
-       /* Extract non-empty files */
-       ret = apply_stream_list(&stream_list, &args, ops, progress_func);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_target_realpath;
+       /* Security descriptors.  */
+       if (((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS |
+                              WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
+            == WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support security descriptors!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (!(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS) &&
+           required_features->security_descriptors &&
+           !supported_features->security_descriptors)
+               WARNING("Ignoring Windows NT security descriptors of %lu files",
+                       required_features->security_descriptors);
+
+       /* UNIX data.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) &&
+           required_features->unix_data && !supported_features->unix_data)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support UNIX data!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
 
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS,
-                             &args.progress);
+       if (required_features->unix_data &&
+           !(extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA))
+       {
+               WARNING("Ignoring UNIX metadata of %lu files",
+                       required_features->unix_data);
        }
 
-       /* Apply timestamps */
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root,
-                                      ops->apply_dentry_timestamps, &args);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_target_realpath;
-
-       if (progress_func) {
-               progress_func(*wim_source_path ? WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END :
-                             WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END,
-                             &args.progress);
-       }
-out_free_target_realpath:
-       FREE(args.target_realpath);
-out_dentry_reset_needs_extraction:
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_reset_needs_extraction, NULL);
-out_ntfs_umount:
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-       /* Unmount the NTFS volume */
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               if (ntfs_umount(args.vol, FALSE) != 0) {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to unmount NTFS volume `%"TS"'",
-                                        args.target);
-                       if (ret == 0)
-                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G;
+       /* DOS Names.  */
+       if (required_features->short_names &&
+           !supported_features->short_names)
+       {
+               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_SHORT_NAMES) {
+                       ERROR("Extraction backend does not support DOS names!");
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
                }
+               WARNING("Ignoring DOS names of %lu files",
+                       required_features->short_names);
        }
+
+       /* Timestamps.  */
+       if ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_TIMESTAMPS) &&
+           !supported_features->timestamps)
+       {
+               ERROR("Extraction backend does not support timestamps!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct apply_operations *
+select_apply_operations(int extract_flags)
+{
+#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS)
+               return &ntfs_3g_apply_ops;
 #endif
-out_free_target_lowlevel_path:
 #ifdef __WIN32__
-       FREE(args.target_lowlevel_path);
+       return &win32_apply_ops;
+#else
+       return &unix_apply_ops;
 #endif
+}
+
+static int
+extract_trees(WIMStruct *wim, struct wim_dentry **trees, size_t num_trees,
+             const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
+{
+       const struct apply_operations *ops;
+       struct apply_ctx *ctx;
+       int ret;
+       LIST_HEAD(dentry_list);
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT) {
+               ret = extract_dentries_to_stdout(trees, num_trees,
+                                                wim->lookup_table);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       num_trees = remove_duplicate_trees(trees, num_trees);
+       num_trees = remove_contained_trees(trees, num_trees);
+
+       ops = select_apply_operations(extract_flags);
+
+       if (num_trees > 1 && ops->single_tree_only) {
+               ERROR("Extracting multiple directory trees "
+                     "at once is not supported in %s extraction mode!",
+                     ops->name);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       ctx = CALLOC(1, ops->context_size);
+       if (!ctx) {
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       ctx->wim = wim;
+       ctx->target = target;
+       ctx->target_nchars = tstrlen(target);
+       ctx->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       if (ctx->wim->progfunc) {
+               ctx->progfunc = ctx->wim->progfunc;
+               ctx->progctx = ctx->wim->progctx;
+               ctx->progress.extract.image = wim->current_image;
+               ctx->progress.extract.extract_flags = (extract_flags &
+                                                      WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC);
+               ctx->progress.extract.wimfile_name = wim->filename;
+               ctx->progress.extract.image_name = wimlib_get_image_name(wim,
+                                                                        wim->current_image);
+               ctx->progress.extract.target = target;
+       }
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->stream_list);
+       filedes_invalidate(&ctx->tmpfile_fd);
+
+       ret = (*ops->get_supported_features)(target, &ctx->supported_features);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       build_dentry_list(&dentry_list, trees, num_trees,
+                         !(extract_flags &
+                           WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE));
+
+       dentry_list_get_features(&dentry_list, &ctx->required_features);
+
+       ret = do_feature_check(&ctx->required_features, &ctx->supported_features,
+                              ctx->extract_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       ret = dentry_list_calculate_extraction_names(&dentry_list, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       ret = dentry_list_resolve_streams(&dentry_list, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       ret = dentry_list_ref_streams(&dentry_list, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       dentry_list_build_inode_alias_lists(&dentry_list);
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE) {
+               /* When extracting from a pipe, the number of bytes of data to
+                * extract can't be determined in the normal way (examining the
+                * lookup table), since at this point all we have is a set of
+                * SHA1 message digests of streams that need to be extracted.
+                * However, we can get a reasonably accurate estimate by taking
+                * <TOTALBYTES> from the corresponding <IMAGE> in the WIM XML
+                * data.  This does assume that a full image is being extracted,
+                * but currently there is no API for doing otherwise.  (Also,
+                * subtract <HARDLINKBYTES> from this if hard links are
+                * supported by the extraction mode.)  */
+               ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes =
+                       wim_info_get_image_total_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                      wim->current_image);
+               if (ctx->supported_features.hard_links) {
+                       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes -=
+                               wim_info_get_image_hard_link_bytes(wim->wim_info,
+                                                                  wim->current_image);
+               }
+       }
+
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                              ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE) ?
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_BEGIN :
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_BEGIN));
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       ret = (*ops->extract)(&dentry_list, ctx);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_cleanup;
+
+       if (ctx->progress.extract.completed_bytes <
+           ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes)
+       {
+               ctx->progress.extract.completed_bytes =
+                       ctx->progress.extract.total_bytes;
+               ret = extract_progress(ctx, WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_cleanup;
+       }
+
+       ret = extract_progress(ctx,
+                              ((extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE) ?
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_IMAGE_END :
+                                      WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_TREE_END));
+out_cleanup:
+       destroy_stream_list(&ctx->stream_list);
+       destroy_dentry_list(&dentry_list);
+       FREE(ctx);
 out:
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* Validates a single wimlib_extract_command, mostly checking to make sure the
- * extract flags make sense. */
 static int
-check_extract_command(struct wimlib_extract_command *cmd, int wim_header_flags)
+mkdir_if_needed(const tchar *target)
 {
-       int extract_flags;
-       bool is_entire_image = (cmd->wim_source_path[0] == T('\0'));
+       struct stat stbuf;
+       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
+               if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                       if (tmkdir(target, 0755)) {
+                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory "
+                                                "\"%"TS"\"", target);
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
+               }
+       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
+               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       /* Empty destination path? */
-       if (cmd->fs_dest_path[0] == T('\0'))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+/* Make sure the extraction flags make sense, and update them if needed.  */
+static int
+check_extract_flags(const WIMStruct *wim, int *extract_flags_p)
+{
+       int extract_flags = *extract_flags_p;
 
-       extract_flags = cmd->extract_flags;
+       /* Check for invalid flag combinations  */
 
-       /* Specified both symlink and hardlink modes? */
        if ((extract_flags &
-            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                                WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_ACLS |
+                                                   WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       /* Wanted UNIX data on Windows? */
-       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) {
-               ERROR("Extracting UNIX data is not supported on Windows");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-       }
-       /* Wanted linked extraction on Windows?  (XXX This is possible, just not
-        * implemented yet.) */
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               ERROR("Linked extraction modes are not supported on Windows");
+       if ((extract_flags &
+            (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
+                                               WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-       }
-#endif
 
+#ifndef WITH_NTFS_3G
        if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
-               /* NTFS-3g extraction mode requested */
-#ifdef WITH_NTFS_3G
-               if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                     WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))) {
-                       ERROR("Cannot specify symlink or hardlink flags when applying\n"
-                             "        directly to a NTFS volume");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
-               if (!is_entire_image &&
-                   (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS))
-               {
-                       ERROR("When applying directly to a NTFS volume you can "
-                             "only extract a full image, not part of one");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
-               if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) {
-                       ERROR("Cannot restore UNIX-specific data in "
-                             "the NTFS extraction mode");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
-#else
-               ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so");
-               ERROR("we cannot apply a WIM image directly to a NTFS volume");
+               ERROR("wimlib was compiled without support for NTFS-3g, so\n"
+                     "        it cannot apply a WIM image directly to an NTFS volume.");
                return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
-#endif
        }
+#endif
 
-       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) ==
-               (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX))
-       {
-               ERROR("Cannot specify RPFIX and NORPFIX flags at the same time!");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+#ifndef __WIN32__
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_WIMBOOT) {
+               ERROR("WIMBoot extraction is only supported on Windows!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
+#endif
 
        if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX |
-                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX)) == 0)
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)) ==
+                                       WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE)
        {
-               /* Do reparse point fixups by default if the WIM header says
-                * they are enabled and we are extracting a full image. */
-               if ((wim_header_flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX) && is_entire_image)
+               /* For full-image extraction, do reparse point fixups by default
+                * if the WIM header says they are enabled.  */
+               if (wim->hdr.flags & WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX;
        }
 
-       if (!is_entire_image && (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RPFIX)) {
-               ERROR("Cannot specify --rpfix when not extracting entire image");
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-       }
-
-       cmd->extract_flags = extract_flags;
+       *extract_flags_p = extract_flags;
        return 0;
 }
 
+static u32
+get_wildcard_flags(int extract_flags)
+{
+       u32 wildcard_flags = 0;
+
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_STRICT_GLOB)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_ERROR_IF_NO_MATCH;
+       else
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_WARN_IF_NO_MATCH;
+
+       if (default_ignore_case)
+               wildcard_flags |= WILDCARD_FLAG_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+
+       return wildcard_flags;
+}
+
+struct append_dentry_ctx {
+       struct wim_dentry **dentries;
+       size_t num_dentries;
+       size_t num_alloc_dentries;
+};
 
-/* Internal function to execute extraction commands for a WIM image. */
 static int
-do_wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                       int image,
-                       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                       size_t num_cmds,
-                       wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+append_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
+{
+       struct append_dentry_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
+
+       if (ctx->num_dentries == ctx->num_alloc_dentries) {
+               struct wim_dentry **new_dentries;
+               size_t new_length;
+
+               new_length = max(ctx->num_alloc_dentries + 8,
+                                ctx->num_alloc_dentries * 3 / 2);
+               new_dentries = REALLOC(ctx->dentries,
+                                      new_length * sizeof(ctx->dentries[0]));
+               if (new_dentries == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               ctx->dentries = new_dentries;
+               ctx->num_alloc_dentries = new_length;
+       }
+       ctx->dentries[ctx->num_dentries++] = dentry;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                       int extract_flags)
 {
        int ret;
-       bool found_link_cmd = false;
-       bool found_nolink_cmd = false;
+       struct wim_dentry **trees;
+       size_t num_trees;
+
+       if (wim == NULL || target == NULL || target[0] == T('\0') ||
+           (num_paths != 0 && paths == NULL))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       ret = check_extract_flags(wim, &extract_flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       /* Select the image from which we are extracting files */
        ret = select_wim_image(wim, image);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Make sure there are no streams in the WIM that have not been
-        * checksummed yet. */
        ret = wim_checksum_unhashed_streams(wim);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /* Check for problems with the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = check_extract_command(&cmds[i], wim->hdr.flags);
+       if ((extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS |
+                             WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE)) ==
+           (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE))
+       {
+               ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
-               if (cmds[i].extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK)) {
-                       found_link_cmd = true;
-               } else {
-                       found_nolink_cmd = true;
-               }
-               if (found_link_cmd && found_nolink_cmd) {
-                       ERROR("Symlink or hardlink extraction mode must "
-                             "be set on all extraction commands");
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-               }
        }
 
-       /* Execute the extraction commands */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               ret = extract_tree(wim,
-                                  cmds[i].wim_source_path,
-                                  cmds[i].fs_dest_path,
-                                  cmds[i].extract_flags,
-                                  progress_func);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Extract files or directories from a WIM image. */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_files(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds,
-                    size_t num_cmds,
-                    int default_extract_flags,
-                    WIMStruct **additional_swms,
-                    unsigned num_additional_swms,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds_copy;
-       int all_flags = 0;
-
-       default_extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS) {
 
-       ret = verify_swm_set(wim, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out;
-
-       if (num_cmds == 0)
-               goto out;
+               struct append_dentry_ctx append_dentry_ctx = {
+                       .dentries = NULL,
+                       .num_dentries = 0,
+                       .num_alloc_dentries = 0,
+               };
 
-       if (num_additional_swms)
-               merge_lookup_tables(wim, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
+               u32 wildcard_flags = get_wildcard_flags(extract_flags);
 
-       cmds_copy = CALLOC(num_cmds, sizeof(cmds[0]));
-       if (!cmds_copy) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_restore_lookup_table;
-       }
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+                       ret = expand_wildcard(wim, path,
+                                             append_dentry_cb,
+                                             &append_dentry_ctx,
+                                             wildcard_flags);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
+               }
+               trees = append_dentry_ctx.dentries;
+               num_trees = append_dentry_ctx.num_dentries;
+       } else {
+               trees = MALLOC(num_paths * sizeof(trees[0]));
+               if (trees == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               cmds_copy[i].extract_flags = (default_extract_flags |
-                                                cmds[i].extract_flags)
-                                               & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
-               all_flags |= cmds_copy[i].extract_flags;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
 
-               cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path = canonicalize_wim_path(cmds[i].wim_source_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
-               }
+                       tchar *path = canonicalize_wim_path(paths[i]);
+                       if (path == NULL) {
+                               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                               goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
 
-               cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path = canonicalize_fs_path(cmds[i].fs_dest_path);
-               if (!cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_cmds_copy;
+                       trees[i] = get_dentry(wim, path,
+                                             WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT);
+                       FREE(path);
+                       if (trees[i] == NULL) {
+                                 ERROR("Path \"%"TS"\" does not exist "
+                                       "in WIM image %d",
+                                       paths[i], wim->current_image);
+                                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
+                                 goto out_free_trees;
+                       }
                }
+               num_trees = num_paths;
+       }
 
+       if (num_trees == 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto out_free_trees;
        }
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image,
-                                     cmds_copy, num_cmds,
-                                     progress_func);
 
-       if (all_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                        WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
-       {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file, NULL);
-       }
-out_free_cmds_copy:
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].wim_source_path);
-               FREE(cmds_copy[i].fs_dest_path);
-       }
-       FREE(cmds_copy);
-out_restore_lookup_table:
-       if (num_additional_swms)
-               unmerge_lookup_table(wim);
-out:
+       ret = extract_trees(wim, trees, num_trees, target, extract_flags);
+out_free_trees:
+       FREE(trees);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * Extracts an image from a WIM file.
- *
- * @wim:               WIMStruct for the WIM file.
- *
- * @image:             Number of the single image to extract.
- *
- * @target:            Directory or NTFS volume to extract the image to.
- *
- * @extract_flags:     Bitwise or of WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_*.
- *
- * @progress_func:     If non-NULL, a progress function to be called
- *                     periodically.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
- */
 static int
 extract_single_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image,
-                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+                    const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
-       int ret;
-       tchar *target_copy = canonicalize_fs_path(target);
-       if (!target_copy)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       struct wimlib_extract_command cmd = {
-               .wim_source_path = T(""),
-               .fs_dest_path = target_copy,
-               .extract_flags = extract_flags,
-       };
-       ret = do_wimlib_extract_files(wim, image, &cmd, 1, progress_func);
-       FREE(target_copy);
-       return ret;
+       const tchar *path = WIMLIB_WIM_ROOT_PATH;
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_IMAGEMODE;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, &path, 1, extract_flags);
 }
 
 static const tchar * const filename_forbidden_chars =
@@ -1145,10 +1710,7 @@ image_name_ok_as_dir(const tchar *image_name)
 /* Extracts all images from the WIM to the directory @target, with the images
  * placed in subdirectories named by their image names. */
 static int
-extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
-                  const tchar *target,
-                  int extract_flags,
-                  wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
 {
        size_t image_name_max_len = max(xml_get_max_image_name_len(wim), 20);
        size_t output_path_len = tstrlen(target);
@@ -1156,26 +1718,15 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
        int ret;
        int image;
        const tchar *image_name;
-       struct stat stbuf;
 
-       if (tstat(target, &stbuf)) {
-               if (errno == ENOENT)
-               {
-                       if (tmkdir(target, S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP |
-                                          S_IROTH | S_IXOTH))
-                       {
-                               ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to create directory \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                               return WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       ERROR_WITH_ERRNO("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\"", target);
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
-               }
-       } else if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
-               ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a directory", target);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOTDIR;
+       if (extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NTFS) {
+               ERROR("Cannot extract multiple images in NTFS extraction mode.");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
        }
 
+       ret = mkdir_if_needed(target);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
        tmemcpy(buf, target, output_path_len);
        buf[output_path_len] = OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR;
        for (image = 1; image <= wim->hdr.image_count; image++) {
@@ -1187,53 +1738,247 @@ extract_all_images(WIMStruct *wim,
                         * Use image number instead. */
                        tsprintf(buf + output_path_len + 1, T("%d"), image);
                }
-               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags,
-                                          progress_func);
+               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, buf, extract_flags);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Extracts a single image or all images from a WIM file to a directory or NTFS
- * volume. */
+static int
+do_wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NO_PRESERVE_DIR_STRUCTURE |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_TO_STDOUT |
+                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_GLOB_PATHS))
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES)
+               return extract_all_images(wim, target, extract_flags);
+       else
+               return extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                          Extraction API                                  *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_paths(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    const tchar * const *paths, size_t num_paths,
+                    int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+       return do_wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target, paths, num_paths,
+                                      extract_flags);
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_pathlist(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                       const tchar *path_list_file, int extract_flags)
+{
+       int ret;
+       tchar **paths;
+       size_t num_paths;
+       void *mem;
+
+       ret = read_path_list_file(path_list_file, &paths, &num_paths, &mem);
+       if (ret) {
+               ERROR("Failed to read path list file \"%"TS"\"",
+                     path_list_file);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       ret = wimlib_extract_paths(wim, image, target,
+                                  (const tchar * const *)paths, num_paths,
+                                  extract_flags);
+       FREE(paths);
+       FREE(mem);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim,
-                    int image,
-                    const tchar *target,
-                    int extract_flags,
-                    WIMStruct **additional_swms,
-                    unsigned num_additional_swms,
-                    wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe_with_progress(int pipe_fd,
+                                            const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                                            const tchar *target,
+                                            int extract_flags,
+                                            wimlib_progress_func_t progfunc,
+                                            void *progctx)
 {
        int ret;
+       WIMStruct *pwm;
+       struct filedes *in_fd;
+       int image;
+       unsigned i;
 
-       extract_flags &= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC;
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
 
-       ret = verify_swm_set(wim, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
+       /* Read the WIM header from the pipe and get a WIMStruct to represent
+        * the pipable WIM.  Caveats:  Unlike getting a WIMStruct with
+        * wimlib_open_wim(), getting a WIMStruct in this way will result in
+        * an empty lookup table, no XML data read, and no filename set.  */
+       ret = open_wim_as_WIMStruct(&pipe_fd, WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_FROM_PIPE, &pwm,
+                                   progfunc, progctx);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       if (num_additional_swms)
-               merge_lookup_tables(wim, additional_swms, num_additional_swms);
+       /* Sanity check to make sure this is a pipable WIM.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.magic != PWM_MAGIC) {
+               ERROR("The WIM being read from file descriptor %d "
+                     "is not pipable!", pipe_fd);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOT_PIPABLE;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
+       }
 
-       if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
-               ret = extract_all_images(wim, target,
-                                        extract_flags | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_MULTI_IMAGE,
-                                        progress_func);
-       } else {
-               ret = extract_single_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
-                                          progress_func);
+       /* Sanity check to make sure the first part of a pipable split WIM is
+        * sent over the pipe first.  */
+       if (pwm->hdr.part_number != 1) {
+               ERROR("The first part of the split WIM must be "
+                     "sent over the pipe first.");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+               goto out_wimlib_free;
        }
 
-       if (extract_flags & (WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SYMLINK |
-                            WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_HARDLINK))
+       in_fd = &pwm->in_fd;
+       wimlib_assert(in_fd->offset == WIM_HEADER_DISK_SIZE);
+
+       /* As mentioned, the WIMStruct we created from the pipe does not have
+        * XML data yet.  Fix this by reading the extra copy of the XML data
+        * that directly follows the header in pipable WIMs.  (Note: see
+        * write_pipable_wim() for more details about the format of pipable
+        * WIMs.)  */
        {
-               for_lookup_table_entry(wim->lookup_table,
-                                      lte_free_extracted_file,
-                                      NULL);
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry xml_lte;
+               struct wim_resource_spec xml_rspec;
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, &xml_lte, &xml_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (!(xml_lte.flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA))
+               {
+                       ERROR("Expected XML data, but found non-metadata "
+                             "stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               wim_res_spec_to_hdr(&xml_rspec, &pwm->hdr.xml_data_reshdr);
+
+               ret = read_wim_xml_data(pwm);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+
+               if (wim_info_get_num_images(pwm->wim_info) != pwm->hdr.image_count) {
+                       ERROR("Image count in XML data is not the same as in WIM header.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_IMAGE_COUNT;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Get image index (this may use the XML data that was just read to
+        * resolve an image name).  */
+       if (image_num_or_name) {
+               image = wimlib_resolve_image(pwm, image_num_or_name);
+               if (image == WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE) {
+                       ERROR("\"%"TS"\" is not a valid image in the pipable WIM!",
+                             image_num_or_name);
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               } else if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
+                       ERROR("Applying all images from a pipe is not supported!");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (pwm->hdr.image_count != 1) {
+                       ERROR("No image was specified, but the pipable WIM "
+                             "did not contain exactly 1 image");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               image = 1;
        }
-       if (num_additional_swms)
-               unmerge_lookup_table(wim);
+
+       /* Load the needed metadata resource.  */
+       for (i = 1; i <= pwm->hdr.image_count; i++) {
+               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *metadata_lte;
+               struct wim_image_metadata *imd;
+               struct wim_resource_spec *metadata_rspec;
+
+               metadata_lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
+               if (metadata_lte == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+               metadata_rspec = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_resource_spec));
+               if (metadata_rspec == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       free_lookup_table_entry(metadata_lte);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               ret = read_pwm_stream_header(pwm, metadata_lte, metadata_rspec, 0, NULL);
+               imd = pwm->image_metadata[i - 1];
+               imd->metadata_lte = metadata_lte;
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(metadata_rspec);
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (!(metadata_lte->flags & WIM_RESHDR_FLAG_METADATA)) {
+                       ERROR("Expected metadata resource, but found "
+                             "non-metadata stream.");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PIPABLE_WIM;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+
+               if (i == image) {
+                       /* Metadata resource is for the image being extracted.
+                        * Parse it and save the metadata in memory.  */
+                       ret = read_metadata_resource(pwm, imd);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+                       imd->modified = 1;
+               } else {
+                       /* Metadata resource is not for the image being
+                        * extracted.  Skip over it.  */
+                       ret = skip_wim_stream(metadata_lte);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Extract the image.  */
+       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_FROM_PIPE;
+       ret = do_wimlib_extract_image(pwm, image, target, extract_flags);
+       /* Clean up and return.  */
+out_wimlib_free:
+       wimlib_free(pwm);
        return ret;
 }
+
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe(int pipe_fd, const tchar *image_num_or_name,
+                              const tchar *target, int extract_flags)
+{
+       return wimlib_extract_image_from_pipe_with_progress(pipe_fd,
+                                                           image_num_or_name,
+                                                           target,
+                                                           extract_flags,
+                                                           NULL,
+                                                           NULL);
+}
+
+WIMLIBAPI int
+wimlib_extract_image(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *target,
+                    int extract_flags)
+{
+       if (extract_flags & ~WIMLIB_EXTRACT_MASK_PUBLIC)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+       return do_wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags);
+}