]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/dentry.c
Avoid passing NULL as memcpy source (undefined behavior)
[wimlib] / src / dentry.c
index 37405eb027316af95a8661cb6a99e1d57fe5408a..caa3a51b4b86fb0d98e84f103781cc0274499294 100644 (file)
@@ -1,97 +1,93 @@
 /*
- * dentry.c
+ * dentry.c - see description below
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Eric Biggers
+ *
+ * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
  *
- * In the WIM file format, the dentries are stored in the "metadata resource"
- * section right after the security data.  Each image in the WIM file has its
- * own metadata resource with its own security data and dentry tree.  Dentries
- * in different images may share file resources by referring to the same lookup
- * table entries.
+ * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this file; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers
+ * This file contains logic to deal with WIM directory entries, or "dentries":
+ *
+ *  - Reading a dentry tree from a metadata resource in a WIM file
+ *  - Writing a dentry tree to a metadata resource in a WIM file
+ *  - Iterating through a tree of WIM dentries
+ *  - Path lookup: translating a path into a WIM dentry or inode
+ *  - Creating, modifying, and deleting WIM dentries
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ *
+ *  - A WIM file can contain multiple images, each of which has an independent
+ *    tree of dentries.  "On disk", the dentry tree for an image is stored in
+ *    the "metadata resource" for that image.
  *
- * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
+ *  - Multiple dentries in an image may correspond to the same inode, or "file".
+ *    When this occurs, it means that the file has multiple names, or "hard
+ *    links".  A dentry is not a file, but rather the name of a file!
  *
- * wimlib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
- * terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
- * Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- * version.
+ *  - Inodes are not represented explicitly in the WIM file format.  Instead,
+ *    the metadata resource provides a "hard link group ID" for each dentry.
+ *    wimlib handles pulling out actual inodes from this information, but this
+ *    occurs in inode_fixup.c and not in this file.
  *
- * wimlib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
- * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *  - wimlib does not allow *directory* hard links, so a WIM image really does
+ *    have a *tree* of dentries (and not an arbitrary graph of dentries).
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ *  - wimlib indexes dentries both case-insensitively and case-sensitively,
+ *    allowing either behavior to be used for path lookup.
+ *
+ *  - Multiple dentries in a directory might have the same case-insensitive
+ *    name.  But wimlib enforces that at most one dentry in a directory can have
+ *    a given case-sensitive name.
  */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #  include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include "wimlib.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "wimlib/assert.h"
 #include "wimlib/dentry.h"
+#include "wimlib/inode.h"
 #include "wimlib/encoding.h"
 #include "wimlib/endianness.h"
-#include "wimlib/error.h"
-#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
 #include "wimlib/metadata.h"
-#include "wimlib/resource.h"
-#include "wimlib/security.h"
-#include "wimlib/sha1.h"
-#include "wimlib/timestamp.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-
-/* WIM alternate data stream entry (on-disk format) */
-struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk {
-       /*  Length of the entry, in bytes.  This apparently includes all
-        *  fixed-length fields, plus the stream name and null terminator if
-        *  present, and the padding up to an 8 byte boundary.  wimlib is a
-        *  little less strict when reading the entries, and only requires that
-        *  the number of bytes from this field is at least as large as the size
-        *  of the fixed length fields and stream name without null terminator.
-        *  */
-       le64  length;
-
-       le64  reserved;
-
-       /* SHA1 message digest of the uncompressed stream; or, alternatively,
-        * can be all zeroes if the stream has zero length. */
-       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-
-       /* Length of the stream name, in bytes.  0 if the stream is unnamed.  */
-       le16 stream_name_nbytes;
-
-       /* Stream name in UTF-16LE.  It is @stream_name_nbytes bytes long,
-        * excluding the the null terminator.  There is a null terminator
-        * character if @stream_name_nbytes != 0; i.e., if this stream is named.
-        * */
-       utf16lechar stream_name[];
-} _packed_attribute;
-
-#define WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE 38
+#include "wimlib/paths.h"
 
 /* On-disk format of a WIM dentry (directory entry), located in the metadata
  * resource for a WIM image.  */
 struct wim_dentry_on_disk {
 
-       /* Length of this directory entry in bytes, not including any alternate
-        * data stream entries.  Should be a multiple of 8 so that the following
-        * dentry or alternate data stream entry is aligned on an 8-byte
-        * boundary.  (If not, wimlib will round it up.)  It must be at least as
-        * long as the fixed-length fields of the dentry (WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE),
-        * plus the lengths of the file name and/or short name if present.
+       /* Length of this directory entry in bytes, not including any extra
+        * stream entries.  Should be a multiple of 8 so that the following
+        * dentry or extra stream entry is aligned on an 8-byte boundary.  (If
+        * not, wimlib will round it up.)  It must be at least as long as the
+        * fixed-length fields of the dentry (WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE), plus the
+        * lengths of the file name and/or short name if present, plus the size
+        * of any "extra" data.
         *
-        * It is also possible for this field to be 0.  This situation, which is
-        * undocumented, indicates the end of a list of sibling nodes in a
-        * directory.  It also means the real length is 8, because the dentry
-        * included only the length field, but that takes up 8 bytes.  */
+        * It is also possible for this field to be 0.  This case indicates the
+        * end of a list of sibling entries in a directory.  It also means the
+        * real length is 8, because the dentry included only the length field,
+        * but that takes up 8 bytes.  */
        le64 length;
 
-       /* Attributes of the file or directory.  This is a bitwise OR of the
-        * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_* constants and should correspond to the value
+       /* File attributes for the file or directory.  This is a bitwise OR of
+        * the FILE_ATTRIBUTE_* constants and should correspond to the value
         * retrieved by GetFileAttributes() on Windows. */
        le32 attributes;
 
@@ -111,7 +107,6 @@ struct wim_dentry_on_disk {
        le64 unused_1;
        le64 unused_2;
 
-
        /* Creation time, last access time, and last write time, in
         * 100-nanosecond intervals since 12:00 a.m UTC January 1, 1601.  They
         * should correspond to the times gotten by calling GetFileTime() on
@@ -120,2111 +115,1619 @@ struct wim_dentry_on_disk {
        le64 last_access_time;
        le64 last_write_time;
 
-       /* Vaguely, the SHA-1 message digest ("hash") of the file's contents.
-        * More specifically, this is for the "unnamed data stream" rather than
-        * any "alternate data streams".  This hash value is used to look up the
-        * corresponding entry in the WIM's stream lookup table to actually find
-        * the file contents within the WIM.
-        *
-        * If the file has no unnamed data stream (e.g. is a directory), then
-        * this field will be all zeroes.  If the unnamed data stream is empty
-        * (i.e. an "empty file"), then this field is also expected to be all
-        * zeroes.  (It will be if wimlib created the WIM image, at least;
-        * otherwise it can't be ruled out that the SHA-1 message digest of 0
-        * bytes of data is given explicitly.)
+       /*
+        * Usually this is the SHA-1 message digest of the file's "contents"
+        * (the unnamed data stream).
         *
-        * If the file has reparse data, then this field will instead specify
-        * the SHA-1 message digest of the reparse data.  If it is somehow
-        * possible for a file to have both an unnamed data stream and reparse
-        * data, then this is not handled by wimlib.
+        * If the file has FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set, then this is
+        * instead usually the SHA-1 message digest of the uncompressed reparse
+        * point data.
         *
-        * As a further special case, if this field is all zeroes but there is
-        * an alternate data stream entry with no name and a nonzero SHA-1
-        * message digest field, then that hash must be used instead of this
-        * one.  (wimlib does not use this quirk on WIM images it creates.)
+        * However, there are some special rules that need to be applied to
+        * interpret this field correctly when extra stream entries are present.
+        * See the code for details.
         */
-       u8 unnamed_stream_hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+       u8 default_hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
 
-       /* The format of the following data is not yet completely known and they
-        * do not correspond to Microsoft's documentation.
+       /* Unknown field (maybe accidental padding)  */
+       le32 unknown_0x54;
+
+       /*
+        * The following 8-byte union contains either information about the
+        * reparse point (for files with FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set), or
+        * the "hard link group ID" (for other files).
         *
-        * If this directory entry is for a reparse point (has
-        * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set in the attributes field), then the
-        * version of the following fields containing the reparse tag is valid.
-        * Furthermore, the field notated as not_rpfixed, as far as I can tell,
-        * is supposed to be set to 1 if reparse point fixups (a.k.a. fixing the
-        * targets of absolute symbolic links) were *not* done, and otherwise 0.
+        * The reparse point information contains ReparseTag and ReparseReserved
+        * from the header of the reparse point buffer.  It also contains a flag
+        * that indicates whether a reparse point fixup (for the target of an
+        * absolute symbolic link or junction) was done or not.
         *
-        * If this directory entry is not for a reparse point, then the version
-        * of the following fields containing the hard_link_group_id is valid.
-        * All MS says about this field is that "If this file is part of a hard
-        * link set, all the directory entries in the set will share the same
-        * value in this field.".  However, more specifically I have observed
-        * the following:
-        *    - If the file is part of a hard link set of size 1, then the
-        *    hard_link_group_id should be set to either 0, which is treated
-        *    specially as indicating "not hardlinked", or any unique value.
-        *    - The specific nonzero values used to identity hard link sets do
-        *    not matter, as long as they are unique.
-        *    - However, due to bugs in Microsoft's software, it is actually NOT
-        *    guaranteed that directory entries that share the same hard link
-        *    group ID are actually hard linked to each either.  We have to
-        *    handle this by using special code to use distinguishing features
-        *    (which is possible because some information about the underlying
-        *    inode is repeated in each dentry) to split up these fake hard link
-        *    groups into what they actually are supposed to be.
+        * The "hard link group ID" is like an inode number; all dentries for
+        * the same inode share the same value.  See inode_fixup.c for more
+        * information.
+        *
+        * Note that this union creates the limitation that reparse point files
+        * cannot have multiple names (hard links).
         */
        union {
                struct {
-                       le32 rp_unknown_1;
                        le32 reparse_tag;
-                       le16 rp_unknown_2;
-                       le16 not_rpfixed;
+                       le16 rp_reserved;
+                       le16 rp_flags;
                } _packed_attribute reparse;
                struct {
-                       le32 rp_unknown_1;
                        le64 hard_link_group_id;
                } _packed_attribute nonreparse;
        };
 
-       /* Number of alternate data stream entries that directly follow this
-        * dentry on-disk. */
-       le16 num_alternate_data_streams;
+       /* Number of extra stream entries that directly follow this dentry
+        * on-disk.  */
+       le16 num_extra_streams;
 
-       /* Length of this file's UTF-16LE encoded short name (8.3 DOS-compatible
-        * name), if present, in bytes, excluding the null terminator.  If this
-        * file has no short name, then this field should be 0.  */
+       /* If nonzero, this is the length, in bytes, of this dentry's UTF-16LE
+        * encoded short name (8.3 DOS-compatible name), excluding the null
+        * terminator.  If zero, then the long name of this dentry does not have
+        * a corresponding short name (but this does not exclude the possibility
+        * that another dentry for the same file has a short name).  */
        le16 short_name_nbytes;
 
-       /* Length of this file's UTF-16LE encoded "long" name, excluding the
-        * null terminator.  If this file has no short name, then this field
-        * should be 0.  It's expected that only the root dentry has this field
-        * set to 0.  */
-       le16 file_name_nbytes;
+       /* If nonzero, this is the length, in bytes, of this dentry's UTF-16LE
+        * encoded "long" name, excluding the null terminator.  If zero, then
+        * this file has no long name.  The root dentry should not have a long
+        * name, but all other dentries in the image should have long names.  */
+       le16 name_nbytes;
+
+       /* Beginning of optional, variable-length fields  */
 
-       /* Followed by variable length file name, in UTF16-LE, if
-        * file_name_nbytes != 0.  Includes null terminator. */
-       /*utf16lechar file_name[];*/
+       /* If name_nbytes != 0, the next field will be the UTF-16LE encoded long
+        * name.  This will be null-terminated, so the size of this field will
+        * really be name_nbytes + 2.  */
+       /*utf16lechar name[];*/
 
-       /* Followed by variable length short name, in UTF16-LE, if
-        * short_name_nbytes != 0.  Includes null terminator. */
+       /* If short_name_nbytes != 0, the next field will be the UTF-16LE
+        * encoded short name.  This will be null-terminated, so the size of
+        * this field will really be short_name_nbytes + 2.  */
        /*utf16lechar short_name[];*/
+
+       /* If there is still space in the dentry (according to the 'length'
+        * field) after 8-byte alignment, then the remaining space will be a
+        * variable-length list of tagged metadata items.  See tagged_items.c
+        * for more information.  */
+       /* u8 tagged_items[] _aligned_attribute(8); */
+
 } _packed_attribute;
+       /* If num_extra_streams != 0, then there are that many extra stream
+        * entries following the dentry, starting on the next 8-byte aligned
+        * boundary.  They are not counted in the 'length' field of the dentry.
+        */
 
-#define WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE 102
+/* On-disk format of an extra stream entry.  This represents an extra NTFS-style
+ * "stream" associated with the file, such as a named data stream.  */
+struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk {
 
-/* Calculates the unaligned length, in bytes, of an on-disk WIM dentry that has
- * a file name and short name that take the specified numbers of bytes.  This
- * excludes any alternate data stream entries that may follow the dentry. */
-static u64
-dentry_correct_length_unaligned(u16 file_name_nbytes, u16 short_name_nbytes)
-{
-       u64 length = sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
-       if (file_name_nbytes)
-               length += file_name_nbytes + 2;
-       if (short_name_nbytes)
-               length += short_name_nbytes + 2;
-       return length;
-}
+       /* Length of this extra stream entry, in bytes.  This includes all
+        * fixed-length fields, plus the name and null terminator if present,
+        * and any needed padding such that the length is a multiple of 8.  */
+       le64 length;
+
+       /* Reserved field  */
+       le64 reserved;
+
+       /* SHA-1 message digest of this stream's uncompressed data, or all
+        * zeroes if this stream's data is of zero length.  */
+       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+
+       /* Length of this stream's name, in bytes and excluding the null
+        * terminator; or 0 if this stream is unnamed.  */
+       le16 name_nbytes;
+
+       /* Stream name in UTF-16LE.  It is @name_nbytes bytes long, excluding
+        * the null terminator.  There is a null terminator character if
+        * @name_nbytes != 0; i.e., if this stream is named.  */
+       utf16lechar name[];
+} _packed_attribute;
 
-/* Calculates the unaligned length, in bytes, of an on-disk WIM dentry, based on
- * the file name length and short name length.  Note that dentry->length is
- * ignored; also, this excludes any alternate data stream entries that may
- * follow the dentry. */
-static u64
-dentry_correct_length_aligned(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+static void
+do_dentry_set_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, utf16lechar *name,
+                  size_t name_nbytes)
 {
-       u64 len;
+       FREE(dentry->d_name);
+       dentry->d_name = name;
+       dentry->d_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
 
-       len = dentry_correct_length_unaligned(dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                             dentry->short_name_nbytes);
-       return (len + 7) & ~7;
+       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry)) {
+               FREE(dentry->d_short_name);
+               dentry->d_short_name = NULL;
+               dentry->d_short_name_nbytes = 0;
+       }
 }
 
-/* Duplicates a string of system-dependent encoding into a UTF-16LE string and
- * returns the string and its length, in bytes, in the pointer arguments.  Frees
- * any existing string at the return location before overwriting it. */
-static int
-get_utf16le_name(const tchar *name, utf16lechar **name_utf16le_ret,
-                u16 *name_utf16le_nbytes_ret)
+/*
+ * Set the name of a WIM dentry from a UTF-16LE string.
+ *
+ * This sets the long name of the dentry.  The short name will automatically be
+ * removed, since it may not be appropriate for the new long name.
+ *
+ * The @name string need not be null-terminated, since its length is specified
+ * in @name_nbytes.
+ *
+ * If @name_nbytes is 0, both the long and short names of the dentry will be
+ * removed.
+ *
+ * Only use this function on unlinked dentries, since it doesn't update the name
+ * indices.  For dentries that are currently linked into the tree, use
+ * rename_wim_path().
+ *
+ * Returns 0 or WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM.
+ */
+int
+dentry_set_name_utf16le(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const utf16lechar *name,
+                       size_t name_nbytes)
 {
-       utf16lechar *name_utf16le;
-       size_t name_utf16le_nbytes;
-       int ret;
-#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-       name_utf16le_nbytes = tstrlen(name) * sizeof(utf16lechar);
-       name_utf16le = MALLOC(name_utf16le_nbytes + sizeof(utf16lechar));
-       if (name_utf16le == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       memcpy(name_utf16le, name, name_utf16le_nbytes + sizeof(utf16lechar));
-       ret = 0;
-#else
+       utf16lechar *dup = NULL;
 
-       ret = tstr_to_utf16le(name, tstrlen(name), &name_utf16le,
-                             &name_utf16le_nbytes);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               if (name_utf16le_nbytes > 0xffff) {
-                       FREE(name_utf16le);
-                       ERROR("Multibyte string \"%"TS"\" is too long!", name);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_UTF8_STRING;
-               }
-       }
-#endif
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               FREE(*name_utf16le_ret);
-               *name_utf16le_ret = name_utf16le;
-               *name_utf16le_nbytes_ret = name_utf16le_nbytes;
+       if (name_nbytes) {
+               dup = utf16le_dupz(name, name_nbytes);
+               if (!dup)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
-       return ret;
+       do_dentry_set_name(dentry, dup, name_nbytes);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Sets the name of a WIM dentry from a multibyte string. */
+
+/*
+ * Set the name of a WIM dentry from a 'tchar' string.
+ *
+ * This sets the long name of the dentry.  The short name will automatically be
+ * removed, since it may not be appropriate for the new long name.
+ *
+ * If @name is NULL or empty, both the long and short names of the dentry will
+ * be removed.
+ *
+ * Only use this function on unlinked dentries, since it doesn't update the name
+ * indices.  For dentries that are currently linked into the tree, use
+ * rename_wim_path().
+ *
+ * Returns 0 or an error code resulting from a failed string conversion.
+ */
 int
-set_dentry_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *new_name)
+dentry_set_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *name)
 {
+       utf16lechar *name_utf16le = NULL;
+       size_t name_utf16le_nbytes = 0;
        int ret;
-       ret = get_utf16le_name(new_name, &dentry->file_name,
-                              &dentry->file_name_nbytes);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               /* Clear the short name and recalculate the dentry length */
-               if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry)) {
-                       FREE(dentry->short_name);
-                       dentry->short_name = NULL;
-                       dentry->short_name_nbytes = 0;
-               }
+
+       if (name && *name) {
+               ret = tstr_to_utf16le(name, tstrlen(name) * sizeof(tchar),
+                                     &name_utf16le, &name_utf16le_nbytes);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
-       return ret;
+
+       do_dentry_set_name(dentry, name_utf16le, name_utf16le_nbytes);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Returns the total length of a WIM alternate data stream entry on-disk,
- * including the stream name, the null terminator, AND the padding after the
- * entry to align the next ADS entry or dentry on an 8-byte boundary. */
-static u64
-ads_entry_total_length(const struct wim_ads_entry *entry)
+/* Calculate the minimum unaligned length, in bytes, of an on-disk WIM dentry
+ * that has names of the specified lengths.  (Zero length means the
+ * corresponding name actually does not exist.)  The returned value excludes
+ * tagged metadata items as well as any extra stream entries that may need to
+ * follow the dentry.  */
+static size_t
+dentry_min_len_with_names(u16 name_nbytes, u16 short_name_nbytes)
 {
-       u64 len = sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk);
-       if (entry->stream_name_nbytes)
-               len += entry->stream_name_nbytes + 2;
-       return (len + 7) & ~7;
+       size_t length = sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
+       if (name_nbytes)
+               length += (u32)name_nbytes + 2;
+       if (short_name_nbytes)
+               length += (u32)short_name_nbytes + 2;
+       return length;
 }
 
-/*
- * Determine whether to include a "dummy" stream when writing a WIM dentry:
- *
- * Some versions of Microsoft's WIM software (the boot driver(s) in WinPE 3.0,
- * for example) contain a bug where they assume the first alternate data stream
- * (ADS) entry of a dentry with a nonzero ADS count specifies the unnamed
- * stream, even if it has a name and the unnamed stream is already specified in
- * the hash field of the dentry itself.
- *
- * wimlib has to work around this behavior by carefully emulating the behavior
- * of (most versions of) ImageX/WIMGAPI, which move the unnamed stream reference
- * into the alternate stream entries whenever there are named data streams, even
- * though there is already a field in the dentry itself for the unnamed stream
- * reference, which then goes to waste.
- */
-static inline bool inode_needs_dummy_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode)
+
+/* Return the length, in bytes, required for the specified stream on-disk, when
+ * represented as an extra stream entry.  */
+static size_t
+stream_out_total_length(const struct wim_inode_stream *strm)
 {
-       return (inode->i_num_ads > 0 &&
-               inode->i_num_ads < 0xffff && /* overflow check */
-               inode->i_canonical_streams); /* assume the dentry is okay if it
-                                               already had an unnamed ADS entry
-                                               when it was read in  */
+       /* Account for the fixed length portion  */
+       size_t len = sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk);
+
+       /* For named streams, account for the variable-length name.  */
+       if (stream_is_named(strm))
+               len += utf16le_len_bytes(strm->stream_name) + 2;
+
+       /* Account for any necessary padding to the next 8-byte boundary.  */
+       return ALIGN(len, 8);
 }
 
-/* Calculate the total number of bytes that will be consumed when a WIM dentry
- * is written.  This includes base dentry and name fields as well as all
- * alternate data stream entries and alignment bytes.  */
-u64
+/*
+ * Calculate the total number of bytes that will be consumed when a dentry is
+ * written.  This includes the fixed-length portion of the dentry, the name
+ * fields, any tagged metadata items, and any extra stream entries.  This also
+ * includes all alignment bytes.
+ */
+size_t
 dentry_out_total_length(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       u64 length = dentry_correct_length_aligned(dentry);
        const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       size_t len;
 
-       if (inode_needs_dummy_stream(inode))
-               length += ads_entry_total_length(&(struct wim_ads_entry){});
-
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
-               length += ads_entry_total_length(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]);
+       len = dentry_min_len_with_names(dentry->d_name_nbytes,
+                                       dentry->d_short_name_nbytes);
+       len = ALIGN(len, 8);
 
-       return length;
-}
+       if (inode->i_extra)
+               len += ALIGN(inode->i_extra->size, 8);
 
-/* Calculate the aligned, total length of a dentry, including all alternate data
- * stream entries.  Uses dentry->length.  */
-static u64
-dentry_in_total_length(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       u64 length = dentry->length;
-       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
-               length += ads_entry_total_length(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]);
-       return (length + 7) & ~7;
-}
+       if (!(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED)) {
+               /*
+                * Extra stream entries:
+                *
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for each named data stream
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for the unnamed data stream when there is either:
+                *      - a reparse point stream
+                *      - at least one named data stream (for Windows PE bug workaround)
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for the reparse point stream if there is one
+                */
+               bool have_named_data_stream = false;
+               bool have_reparse_point_stream = false;
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+                       const struct wim_inode_stream *strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+                       if (stream_is_named_data_stream(strm)) {
+                               len += stream_out_total_length(strm);
+                               have_named_data_stream = true;
+                       } else if (strm->stream_type == STREAM_TYPE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+                               wimlib_assert(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT);
+                               have_reparse_point_stream = true;
+                       }
+               }
 
-int
-for_dentry_in_rbtree(struct rb_node *root,
-                    int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *),
-                    void *arg)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct rb_node *node = root;
-       LIST_HEAD(stack);
-       while (1) {
-               if (node) {
-                       list_add(&rbnode_dentry(node)->tmp_list, &stack);
-                       node = node->rb_left;
-               } else {
-                       struct list_head *next;
-                       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
-
-                       next = stack.next;
-                       if (next == &stack)
-                               return 0;
-                       dentry = container_of(next, struct wim_dentry, tmp_list);
-                       list_del(next);
-                       ret = visitor(dentry, arg);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       node = dentry->rb_node.rb_right;
+               if (have_named_data_stream || have_reparse_point_stream) {
+                       if (have_reparse_point_stream)
+                               len += ALIGN(sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk), 8);
+                       len += ALIGN(sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk), 8);
                }
        }
+
+       return len;
 }
 
+/* Internal version of for_dentry_in_tree() that omits the NULL check  */
 static int
-for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree_depth(struct rb_node *node,
-                               int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry*, void*),
-                               void *arg)
+do_for_dentry_in_tree(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
        int ret;
-       if (node) {
-               ret = for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree_depth(node->rb_left,
-                                                     visitor, arg);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       return ret;
-               ret = for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree_depth(node->rb_right,
-                                                     visitor, arg);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       return ret;
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(rbnode_dentry(node), visitor, arg);
-               if (ret != 0)
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
+
+       ret = (*visitor)(dentry, arg);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               return ret;
+
+       for_dentry_child(child, dentry) {
+               ret = do_for_dentry_in_tree(child, visitor, arg);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
+/* Internal version of for_dentry_in_tree_depth() that omits the NULL check  */
 static int
-for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree(struct rb_node *node,
-                         int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry*, void*),
-                         void *arg)
+do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                           int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
        int ret;
-       if (node) {
-               ret = for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree(node->rb_left, visitor, arg);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(rbnode_dentry(node), visitor, arg);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-               ret = for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree(node->rb_right, visitor, arg);
-               if (ret)
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
+
+       for_dentry_child_postorder(child, dentry) {
+               ret = do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(child, visitor, arg);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
                        return ret;
        }
-       return 0;
+       return unlikely((*visitor)(dentry, arg));
 }
 
-/* Calls a function on all directory entries in a WIM dentry tree.  Logically,
- * this is a pre-order traversal (the function is called on a parent dentry
- * before its children), but sibling dentries will be visited in order as well.
- * */
+/*
+ * Call a function on all dentries in a tree.
+ *
+ * @arg will be passed as the second argument to each invocation of @visitor.
+ *
+ * This function does a pre-order traversal --- that is, a parent will be
+ * visited before its children.  It also will visit siblings in order of
+ * case-sensitive filename.  Equivalently, this function visits the entire tree
+ * in the case-sensitive lexicographic order of the full paths.
+ *
+ * It is safe to pass NULL for @root, which means that the dentry tree is empty.
+ * In this case, this function does nothing.
+ *
+ * @visitor must not modify the structure of the dentry tree during the
+ * traversal.
+ *
+ * The return value will be 0 if all calls to @visitor returned 0.  Otherwise,
+ * the return value will be the first nonzero value returned by @visitor.
+ */
 int
 for_dentry_in_tree(struct wim_dentry *root,
-                  int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry*, void*), void *arg)
+                  int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
-       int ret;
-
-       if (root == NULL)
+       if (unlikely(!root))
                return 0;
-       ret = (*visitor)(root, arg);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       return for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree(root->d_inode->i_children.rb_node,
-                                        visitor,
-                                        arg);
+       return do_for_dentry_in_tree(root, visitor, arg);
 }
 
-/* Like for_dentry_in_tree(), but the visitor function is always called on a
- * dentry's children before on itself. */
-int
+/* Like for_dentry_in_tree(), but do a depth-first traversal of the dentry tree.
+ * That is, the visitor function will be called on a dentry's children before
+ * itself.  It will be safe to free a dentry when visiting it.  */
+static int
 for_dentry_in_tree_depth(struct wim_dentry *root,
-                        int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry*, void*), void *arg)
+                        int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
-       int ret;
-
-       if (root == NULL)
+       if (unlikely(!root))
                return 0;
-       ret = for_dentry_tree_in_rbtree_depth(root->d_inode->i_children.rb_node,
-                                             visitor, arg);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       return (*visitor)(root, arg);
+       return do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, visitor, arg);
 }
 
-/* Calculate the full path of @dentry.  The full path of its parent must have
- * already been calculated, or it must be the root dentry. */
+/*
+ * Calculate the full path to @dentry within the WIM image, if not already done.
+ *
+ * The full name will be saved in the cached value 'dentry->d_full_path'.
+ *
+ * Whenever possible, use dentry_full_path() instead of calling this and
+ * accessing d_full_path directly.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 or an error code resulting from a failed string conversion.
+ */
 int
 calculate_dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       tchar *full_path;
-       u32 full_path_nbytes;
-       int ret;
+       size_t ulen;
+       size_t dummy;
+       const struct wim_dentry *d;
 
-       if (dentry->_full_path)
+       if (dentry->d_full_path)
                return 0;
 
-       if (dentry_is_root(dentry)) {
-               static const tchar _root_path[] = {WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR, T('\0')};
-               full_path = TSTRDUP(_root_path);
-               if (full_path == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               full_path_nbytes = 1 * sizeof(tchar);
-       } else {
-               struct wim_dentry *parent;
-               tchar *parent_full_path;
-               u32 parent_full_path_nbytes;
-               size_t filename_nbytes;
-
-               parent = dentry->parent;
-               if (dentry_is_root(parent)) {
-                       parent_full_path = T("");
-                       parent_full_path_nbytes = 0;
-               } else {
-                       if (parent->_full_path == NULL) {
-                               ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(parent);
-                               if (ret)
-                                       return ret;
-                       }
-                       parent_full_path = parent->_full_path;
-                       parent_full_path_nbytes = parent->full_path_nbytes;
-               }
+       ulen = 0;
+       d = dentry;
+       do {
+               ulen += d->d_name_nbytes / sizeof(utf16lechar);
+               ulen++;
+               d = d->d_parent;  /* assumes d == d->d_parent for root  */
+       } while (!dentry_is_root(d));
 
-               /* Append this dentry's name as a tchar string to the full path
-                * of the parent followed by the path separator */
-       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               filename_nbytes = dentry->file_name_nbytes;
-       #else
-               {
-                       int ret = utf16le_to_tstr_nbytes(dentry->file_name,
-                                                        dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                                        &filename_nbytes);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
-       #endif
+       utf16lechar ubuf[ulen];
+       utf16lechar *p = &ubuf[ulen];
 
-               full_path_nbytes = parent_full_path_nbytes + sizeof(tchar) +
-                                  filename_nbytes;
-               full_path = MALLOC(full_path_nbytes + sizeof(tchar));
-               if (full_path == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               memcpy(full_path, parent_full_path, parent_full_path_nbytes);
-               full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes / sizeof(tchar)] = WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR;
-       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               memcpy(&full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes / sizeof(tchar) + 1],
-                      dentry->file_name,
-                      filename_nbytes + sizeof(tchar));
-       #else
-               utf16le_to_tstr_buf(dentry->file_name,
-                                   dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                   &full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes /
-                                              sizeof(tchar) + 1]);
-       #endif
-       }
-       dentry->_full_path = full_path;
-       dentry->full_path_nbytes= full_path_nbytes;
-       return 0;
-}
+       d = dentry;
+       do {
+               p -= d->d_name_nbytes / sizeof(utf16lechar);
+               if (d->d_name_nbytes)
+                       memcpy(p, d->d_name, d->d_name_nbytes);
+               *--p = cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+               d = d->d_parent;  /* assumes d == d->d_parent for root  */
+       } while (!dentry_is_root(d));
 
-static int
-do_calculate_dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       return calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
-}
+       wimlib_assert(p == ubuf);
 
-int
-calculate_dentry_tree_full_paths(struct wim_dentry *root)
-{
-       return for_dentry_in_tree(root, do_calculate_dentry_full_path, NULL);
+       return utf16le_to_tstr(ubuf, ulen * sizeof(utf16lechar),
+                              &dentry->d_full_path, &dummy);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the full path to the @dentry within the WIM image, or NULL if the full
+ * path could not be determined due to a string conversion error.
+ *
+ * The returned memory will be cached in the dentry, so the caller is not
+ * responsible for freeing it.
+ */
 tchar *
 dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
        calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
-       return dentry->_full_path;
+       return dentry->d_full_path;
 }
 
 static int
-increment_subdir_offset(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *subdir_offset_p)
+dentry_calculate_subdir_offset(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_subdir_offset_p)
 {
-       *(u64*)subdir_offset_p += dentry_out_total_length(dentry);
-       return 0;
-}
+       if (dentry_is_directory(dentry)) {
+               u64 *subdir_offset_p = _subdir_offset_p;
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-static int
-call_calculate_subdir_offsets(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *subdir_offset_p)
-{
-       calculate_subdir_offsets(dentry, subdir_offset_p);
+               /* Set offset of directory's child dentries  */
+               dentry->d_subdir_offset = *subdir_offset_p;
+
+               /* Account for child dentries  */
+               for_dentry_child(child, dentry)
+                       *subdir_offset_p += dentry_out_total_length(child);
+
+               /* Account for end-of-directory entry  */
+               *subdir_offset_p += 8;
+       } else {
+               /* Not a directory; set the subdir offset to 0  */
+               dentry->d_subdir_offset = 0;
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Recursively calculates the subdir offsets for a directory tree.
+ * Calculate the subdir offsets for a dentry tree, in preparation of writing
+ * that dentry tree to a metadata resource.
+ *
+ * The subdir offset of each dentry is the offset in the uncompressed metadata
+ * resource at which its child dentries begin, or 0 if that dentry has no
+ * children.
  *
- * @dentry:  The root of the directory tree.
- * @subdir_offset_p:  The current subdirectory offset; i.e., the subdirectory
- *                   offset for @dentry.
+ * The caller must initialize *subdir_offset_p to the first subdir offset that
+ * is available to use after the root dentry is written.
+ *
+ * When this function returns, *subdir_offset_p will have been advanced past the
+ * size needed for the dentry tree within the uncompressed metadata resource.
  */
 void
-calculate_subdir_offsets(struct wim_dentry *dentry, u64 *subdir_offset_p)
+calculate_subdir_offsets(struct wim_dentry *root, u64 *subdir_offset_p)
 {
-       struct rb_node *node;
-
-       dentry->subdir_offset = *subdir_offset_p;
-       node = dentry->d_inode->i_children.rb_node;
-       if (node) {
-               /* Advance the subdir offset by the amount of space the children
-                * of this dentry take up. */
-               for_dentry_in_rbtree(node, increment_subdir_offset, subdir_offset_p);
-
-               /* End-of-directory dentry on disk. */
-               *subdir_offset_p += 8;
-
-               /* Recursively call calculate_subdir_offsets() on all the
-                * children. */
-               for_dentry_in_rbtree(node, call_calculate_subdir_offsets, subdir_offset_p);
-       } else {
-               /* On disk, childless directories have a valid subdir_offset
-                * that points to an 8-byte end-of-directory dentry.  Regular
-                * files or reparse points have a subdir_offset of 0. */
-               if (dentry_is_directory(dentry))
-                       *subdir_offset_p += 8;
-               else
-                       dentry->subdir_offset = 0;
-       }
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_calculate_subdir_offset, subdir_offset_p);
 }
 
-/* Case-sensitive UTF-16LE dentry or stream name comparison.  Used on both UNIX
- * (always) and Windows (sometimes) */
+/* Compare the UTF-16LE long filenames of two dentries case insensitively.  */
 static int
-compare_utf16le_names_case_sensitive(const utf16lechar *name1, size_t nbytes1,
-                                    const utf16lechar *name2, size_t nbytes2)
+dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
+                                     const struct wim_dentry *d2)
 {
-       /* Return the result if the strings differ up to their minimum length.
-        * Note that we cannot use strcmp() or strncmp() here, as the strings
-        * are in UTF-16LE format. */
-       int result = memcmp(name1, name2, min(nbytes1, nbytes2));
-       if (result)
-               return result;
-
-       /* The strings are the same up to their minimum length, so return a
-        * result based on their lengths. */
-       if (nbytes1 < nbytes2)
-               return -1;
-       else if (nbytes1 > nbytes2)
-               return 1;
-       else
-               return 0;
+       return cmp_utf16le_strings(d1->d_name,
+                                  d1->d_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  d2->d_name,
+                                  d2->d_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  true);
 }
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-/* Windoze: Case-insensitive UTF-16LE dentry or stream name comparison */
+/* Compare the UTF-16LE long filenames of two dentries case sensitively.  */
 static int
-compare_utf16le_names_case_insensitive(const utf16lechar *name1, size_t nbytes1,
-                                      const utf16lechar *name2, size_t nbytes2)
+dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
+                                   const struct wim_dentry *d2)
 {
-       /* Return the result if the strings differ up to their minimum length.
-        * */
-       int result = _wcsnicmp((const wchar_t*)name1, (const wchar_t*)name2,
-                              min(nbytes1 / 2, nbytes2 / 2));
-       if (result)
-               return result;
-
-       /* The strings are the same up to their minimum length, so return a
-        * result based on their lengths. */
-       if (nbytes1 < nbytes2)
-               return -1;
-       else if (nbytes1 > nbytes2)
-               return 1;
-       else
-               return 0;
+       return cmp_utf16le_strings(d1->d_name,
+                                  d1->d_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  d2->d_name,
+                                  d2->d_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  false);
 }
-#endif /* __WIN32__ */
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-#  define compare_utf16le_names compare_utf16le_names_case_insensitive
-#else
-#  define compare_utf16le_names compare_utf16le_names_case_sensitive
-#endif
 
-
-#ifdef __WIN32__
 static int
-dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
-                                     const struct wim_dentry *d2)
+_avl_dentry_compare_names_ci(const struct avl_tree_node *n1,
+                            const struct avl_tree_node *n2)
 {
-       return compare_utf16le_names_case_insensitive(d1->file_name,
-                                                     d1->file_name_nbytes,
-                                                     d2->file_name,
-                                                     d2->file_name_nbytes);
+       const struct wim_dentry *d1, *d2;
+
+       d1 = avl_tree_entry(n1, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
+       d2 = avl_tree_entry(n2, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
+       return dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(d1, d2);
 }
-#endif /* __WIN32__ */
 
 static int
-dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
-                                   const struct wim_dentry *d2)
+_avl_dentry_compare_names(const struct avl_tree_node *n1,
+                         const struct avl_tree_node *n2)
 {
-       return compare_utf16le_names_case_sensitive(d1->file_name,
-                                                   d1->file_name_nbytes,
-                                                   d2->file_name,
-                                                   d2->file_name_nbytes);
+       const struct wim_dentry *d1, *d2;
+
+       d1 = avl_tree_entry(n1, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+       d2 = avl_tree_entry(n2, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+       return dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(d1, d2);
 }
 
+/* Default case sensitivity behavior for searches with
+ * WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT specified.  This can be modified by passing
+ * WIMLIB_INIT_FLAG_DEFAULT_CASE_SENSITIVE or
+ * WIMLIB_INIT_FLAG_DEFAULT_CASE_INSENSITIVE to wimlib_global_init().  */
+bool default_ignore_case =
 #ifdef __WIN32__
-#  define dentry_compare_names dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive
+       true
 #else
-#  define dentry_compare_names dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive
+       false
 #endif
+;
+
+/* Case-sensitive dentry lookup.  Only @d_name and @d_name_nbytes of @dummy must
+ * be valid.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_lookup(const struct wim_inode *dir, const struct wim_dentry *dummy)
+{
+       struct avl_tree_node *node;
+
+       node = avl_tree_lookup_node(dir->i_children,
+                                   &dummy->d_index_node,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names);
+       if (!node)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(node, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+}
 
-/* Return %true iff the alternate data stream entry @entry has the UTF-16LE
- * stream name @name that has length @name_nbytes bytes. */
-static inline bool
-ads_entry_has_name(const struct wim_ads_entry *entry,
-                  const utf16lechar *name, size_t name_nbytes)
+/* Case-insensitive dentry lookup.  Only @d_name and @d_name_nbytes of @dummy
+ * must be valid.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_lookup_ci(const struct wim_inode *dir, const struct wim_dentry *dummy)
 {
-       return !compare_utf16le_names(name, name_nbytes,
-                                     entry->stream_name,
-                                     entry->stream_name_nbytes);
+       struct avl_tree_node *node;
+
+       node = avl_tree_lookup_node(dir->i_children_ci,
+                                   &dummy->d_index_node_ci,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names_ci);
+       if (!node)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(node, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
 }
 
 /* Given a UTF-16LE filename and a directory, look up the dentry for the file.
- * Return it if found, otherwise NULL.  This is case-sensitive on UNIX and
- * case-insensitive on Windows. */
+ * Return it if found, otherwise NULL.  This has configurable case sensitivity,
+ * and @name need not be null-terminated.  */
 struct wim_dentry *
 get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
                                   const utf16lechar *name,
-                                  size_t name_nbytes)
+                                  size_t name_nbytes,
+                                  CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       struct rb_node *node;
+       const struct wim_inode *dir = dentry->d_inode;
+       bool ignore_case = will_ignore_case(case_type);
+       struct wim_dentry dummy;
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       node = dentry->d_inode->i_children_case_insensitive.rb_node;
-#else
-       node = dentry->d_inode->i_children.rb_node;
-#endif
+       dummy.d_name = (utf16lechar*)name;
+       dummy.d_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
 
-       struct wim_dentry *child;
-       while (node) {
-       #ifdef __WIN32__
-               child = rb_entry(node, struct wim_dentry, rb_node_case_insensitive);
-       #else
-               child = rbnode_dentry(node);
-       #endif
-               int result = compare_utf16le_names(name, name_nbytes,
-                                                  child->file_name,
-                                                  child->file_name_nbytes);
-               if (result < 0)
-                       node = node->rb_left;
-               else if (result > 0)
-                       node = node->rb_right;
-               else {
-               #ifdef __WIN32__
-                       if (!list_empty(&child->case_insensitive_conflict_list))
-                       {
-                               WARNING("Result of case-insensitive lookup is ambiguous "
-                                       "(returning \"%ls\" instead of \"%ls\")",
-                                       child->file_name,
-                                       container_of(child->case_insensitive_conflict_list.next,
-                                                    struct wim_dentry,
-                                                    case_insensitive_conflict_list)->file_name);
-                       }
-               #endif
-                       return child;
-               }
-       }
-       return NULL;
+       if (!ignore_case)
+               /* Case-sensitive lookup.  */
+               return dir_lookup(dir, &dummy);
+
+       /* Case-insensitive lookup.  */
+
+       child = dir_lookup_ci(dir, &dummy);
+       if (!child)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (likely(list_empty(&child->d_ci_conflict_list)))
+               /* Only one dentry has this case-insensitive name; return it */
+               return child;
+
+       /* Multiple dentries have the same case-insensitive name.  Choose the
+        * dentry with the same case-sensitive name, if one exists; otherwise
+        * print a warning and choose one of the possible dentries arbitrarily.
+        */
+       struct wim_dentry *alt = child;
+       size_t num_alts = 0;
+
+       do {
+               num_alts++;
+               if (!dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(&dummy, alt))
+                       return alt;
+               alt = list_entry(alt->d_ci_conflict_list.next,
+                                struct wim_dentry, d_ci_conflict_list);
+       } while (alt != child);
+
+       WARNING("Result of case-insensitive lookup is ambiguous\n"
+               "          (returning \"%"TS"\" of %zu "
+               "possible files, including \"%"TS"\")",
+               dentry_full_path(child),
+               num_alts,
+               dentry_full_path(list_entry(child->d_ci_conflict_list.next,
+                                           struct wim_dentry,
+                                           d_ci_conflict_list)));
+       return child;
 }
 
-/* Returns the child of @dentry that has the file name @name.  Returns NULL if
- * no child has the name. */
+/* Given a 'tchar' filename and a directory, look up the dentry for the file.
+ * If the filename was successfully converted to UTF-16LE and the dentry was
+ * found, return it; otherwise return NULL.  This has configurable case
+ * sensitivity.  */
 struct wim_dentry *
-get_dentry_child_with_name(const struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *name)
+get_dentry_child_with_name(const struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *name,
+                          CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-       return get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(dentry, name,
-                                                 tstrlen(name) * sizeof(tchar));
-#else
-       utf16lechar *utf16le_name;
-       size_t utf16le_name_nbytes;
        int ret;
+       const utf16lechar *name_utf16le;
+       size_t name_utf16le_nbytes;
        struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-       ret = tstr_to_utf16le(name, tstrlen(name) * sizeof(tchar),
-                             &utf16le_name, &utf16le_name_nbytes);
-       if (ret) {
-               child = NULL;
-       } else {
-               child = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(dentry,
-                                                          utf16le_name,
-                                                          utf16le_name_nbytes);
-               FREE(utf16le_name);
-       }
+       ret = tstr_get_utf16le_and_len(name, &name_utf16le,
+                                      &name_utf16le_nbytes);
+       if (ret)
+               return NULL;
+
+       child = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(dentry,
+                                                  name_utf16le,
+                                                  name_utf16le_nbytes,
+                                                  case_type);
+       tstr_put_utf16le(name_utf16le);
        return child;
-#endif
 }
 
+/* This is the UTF-16LE version of get_dentry(), currently private to this file
+ * because no one needs it besides get_dentry().  */
 static struct wim_dentry *
-get_dentry_utf16le(WIMStruct *wim, const utf16lechar *path)
+get_dentry_utf16le(WIMStruct *wim, const utf16lechar *path,
+                  CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       struct wim_dentry *cur_dentry, *parent_dentry;
-       const utf16lechar *p, *pp;
+       struct wim_dentry *cur_dentry;
+       const utf16lechar *name_start, *name_end;
 
-       cur_dentry = parent_dentry = wim_root_dentry(wim);
-       if (cur_dentry == NULL) {
-               errno = ENOENT;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       p = path;
-       while (1) {
-               while (*p == cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR))
-                       p++;
-               if (*p == cpu_to_le16('\0'))
-                       break;
-               pp = p;
-               while (*pp != cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) &&
-                      *pp != cpu_to_le16('\0'))
-                       pp++;
-
-               cur_dentry = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(parent_dentry, p,
-                                                               (void*)pp - (void*)p);
-               if (cur_dentry == NULL)
-                       break;
-               p = pp;
-               parent_dentry = cur_dentry;
-       }
-       if (cur_dentry == NULL) {
-               if (dentry_is_directory(parent_dentry))
+       /* Start with the root directory of the image.  Note: this will be NULL
+        * if an image has been added directly with wimlib_add_empty_image() but
+        * no files have been added yet; in that case we fail with ENOENT.  */
+       cur_dentry = wim_get_current_root_dentry(wim);
+
+       name_start = path;
+       for (;;) {
+               if (cur_dentry == NULL) {
                        errno = ENOENT;
-               else
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (*name_start && !dentry_is_directory(cur_dentry)) {
                        errno = ENOTDIR;
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               while (*name_start == cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR))
+                       name_start++;
+
+               if (!*name_start)
+                       return cur_dentry;
+
+               name_end = name_start;
+               do {
+                       ++name_end;
+               } while (*name_end != cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) && *name_end);
+
+               cur_dentry = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(cur_dentry,
+                                                               name_start,
+                                                               (u8*)name_end - (u8*)name_start,
+                                                               case_type);
+               name_start = name_end;
        }
-       return cur_dentry;
 }
 
 /*
- * Returns the dentry in the currently selected WIM image named by @path
- * starting from the root of the WIM image, or NULL if there is no such dentry.
+ * WIM path lookup: translate a path in the currently selected WIM image to the
+ * corresponding dentry, if it exists.
  *
- * On Windows, the search is done case-insensitively.
- */
-struct wim_dentry *
-get_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path)
-{
-#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-       return get_dentry_utf16le(wim, path);
-#else
-       utf16lechar *path_utf16le;
-       size_t path_utf16le_nbytes;
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
-
-       ret = tstr_to_utf16le(path, tstrlen(path) * sizeof(tchar),
-                             &path_utf16le, &path_utf16le_nbytes);
-       if (ret)
-               return NULL;
-       dentry = get_dentry_utf16le(wim, path_utf16le);
-       FREE(path_utf16le);
-       return dentry;
-#endif
-}
-
-struct wim_inode *
-wim_pathname_to_inode(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path)
+ * @wim
+ *     The WIMStruct for the WIM.  The search takes place in the currently
+ *     selected image.
+ *
+ * @path
+ *     The path to look up, given relative to the root of the WIM image.
+ *     Characters with value WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR are taken to be path
+ *     separators.  Leading path separators are ignored, whereas one or more
+ *     trailing path separators cause the path to only match a directory.
+ *
+ * @case_type
+ *     The case-sensitivity behavior of this function, as one of the following
+ *     constants:
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_SENSITIVE:  Perform the search case sensitively.  This means
+ *     that names must match exactly.
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_INSENSITIVE:  Perform the search case insensitively.  This
+ *     means that names are considered to match if they are equal when
+ *     transformed to upper case.  If a path component matches multiple names
+ *     case-insensitively, the name that matches the path component
+ *     case-sensitively is chosen, if existent; otherwise one
+ *     case-insensitively matching name is chosen arbitrarily.
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT:  Perform either case-sensitive or
+ *     case-insensitive search, depending on the value of the global variable
+ *     default_ignore_case.
+ *
+ *    In any case, no Unicode normalization is done before comparing strings.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the dentry that is the result of the lookup, or NULL if
+ * no such dentry exists.  If NULL is returned, errno is set to one of the
+ * following values:
+ *
+ *     ENOTDIR if one of the path components used as a directory existed but
+ *     was not, in fact, a directory.
+ *
+ *     ENOENT otherwise.
+ *
+ * Additional notes:
+ *
+ *    - This function does not consider a reparse point to be a directory, even
+ *     if it has FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY set.
+ *
+ *    - This function does not dereference symbolic links or junction points
+ *     when performing the search.
+ *
+ *    - Since this function ignores leading slashes, the empty path is valid and
+ *     names the root directory of the WIM image.
+ *
+ *    - An image added with wimlib_add_empty_image() does not have a root
+ *     directory yet, and this function will fail with ENOENT for any path on
+ *     such an image.
+ */
+struct wim_dentry *
+get_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
+       int ret;
+       const utf16lechar *path_utf16le;
        struct wim_dentry *dentry;
-       dentry = get_dentry(wim, path);
-       if (dentry)
-               return dentry->d_inode;
-       else
+
+       ret = tstr_get_utf16le(path, &path_utf16le);
+       if (ret)
                return NULL;
+       dentry = get_dentry_utf16le(wim, path_utf16le, case_type);
+       tstr_put_utf16le(path_utf16le);
+       return dentry;
 }
 
-/* Takes in a path of length @len in @buf, and transforms it into a string for
- * the path of its parent directory. */
+/* Modify @path, which is a null-terminated string @len 'tchars' in length,
+ * in-place to produce the path to its parent directory.  */
 static void
-to_parent_name(tchar *buf, size_t len)
+to_parent_name(tchar *path, size_t len)
 {
        ssize_t i = (ssize_t)len - 1;
-       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+       while (i >= 0 && path[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
                i--;
-       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] != WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+       while (i >= 0 && path[i] != WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
                i--;
-       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+       while (i >= 0 && path[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
                i--;
-       buf[i + 1] = T('\0');
+       path[i + 1] = T('\0');
 }
 
-/* Returns the dentry that corresponds to the parent directory of @path, or NULL
- * if the dentry is not found. */
+/* Similar to get_dentry(), but returns the dentry named by @path with the last
+ * component stripped off.
+ *
+ * Note: The returned dentry is NOT guaranteed to be a directory.  */
 struct wim_dentry *
-get_parent_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path)
+get_parent_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path,
+                 CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
        size_t path_len = tstrlen(path);
        tchar buf[path_len + 1];
 
        tmemcpy(buf, path, path_len + 1);
        to_parent_name(buf, path_len);
-       return get_dentry(wim, buf);
-}
-
-/* Prints the full path of a dentry. */
-int
-print_dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       int ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       tprintf(T("%"TS"\n"), dentry->_full_path);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* We want to be able to show the names of the file attribute flags that are
- * set. */
-struct file_attr_flag {
-       u32 flag;
-       const tchar *name;
-};
-struct file_attr_flag file_attr_flags[] = {
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY,           T("READONLY")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN,             T("HIDDEN")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM,             T("SYSTEM")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY,          T("DIRECTORY")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE,            T("ARCHIVE")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE,             T("DEVICE")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,             T("NORMAL")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY,          T("TEMPORARY")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE,        T("SPARSE_FILE")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT,      T("REPARSE_POINT")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED,         T("COMPRESSED")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE,            T("OFFLINE")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED,T("NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED,          T("ENCRYPTED")},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL,            T("VIRTUAL")},
-};
-
-/* Prints a directory entry.  @lookup_table is a pointer to the lookup table, if
- * available.  If the dentry is unresolved and the lookup table is NULL, the
- * lookup table entries will not be printed.  Otherwise, they will be. */
-int
-print_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *lookup_table)
-{
-       const u8 *hash;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       tchar buf[50];
-
-       tprintf(T("[DENTRY]\n"));
-       tprintf(T("Length            = %"PRIu64"\n"), dentry->length);
-       tprintf(T("Attributes        = 0x%x\n"), inode->i_attributes);
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_LEN(file_attr_flags); i++)
-               if (file_attr_flags[i].flag & inode->i_attributes)
-                       tprintf(T("    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_%"TS" is set\n"),
-                               file_attr_flags[i].name);
-       tprintf(T("Security ID       = %d\n"), inode->i_security_id);
-       tprintf(T("Subdir offset     = %"PRIu64"\n"), dentry->subdir_offset);
-
-       wim_timestamp_to_str(inode->i_creation_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
-       tprintf(T("Creation Time     = %"TS"\n"), buf);
-
-       wim_timestamp_to_str(inode->i_last_access_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
-       tprintf(T("Last Access Time  = %"TS"\n"), buf);
-
-       wim_timestamp_to_str(inode->i_last_write_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
-       tprintf(T("Last Write Time   = %"TS"\n"), buf);
-
-       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               tprintf(T("Reparse Tag       = 0x%"PRIx32"\n"), inode->i_reparse_tag);
-               tprintf(T("Reparse Point Flags = 0x%"PRIx16"\n"),
-                       inode->i_not_rpfixed);
-               tprintf(T("Reparse Point Unknown 2 = 0x%"PRIx32"\n"),
-                       inode->i_rp_unknown_2);
-       }
-       tprintf(T("Reparse Point Unknown 1 = 0x%"PRIx32"\n"),
-               inode->i_rp_unknown_1);
-       tprintf(T("Hard Link Group   = 0x%"PRIx64"\n"), inode->i_ino);
-       tprintf(T("Hard Link Group Size = %"PRIu32"\n"), inode->i_nlink);
-       tprintf(T("Number of Alternate Data Streams = %hu\n"), inode->i_num_ads);
-       if (dentry_has_long_name(dentry))
-               wimlib_printf(T("Filename = \"%"WS"\"\n"), dentry->file_name);
-       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry))
-               wimlib_printf(T("Short Name \"%"WS"\"\n"), dentry->short_name);
-       if (dentry->_full_path)
-               tprintf(T("Full Path = \"%"TS"\"\n"), dentry->_full_path);
-
-       lte = inode_stream_lte(dentry->d_inode, 0, lookup_table);
-       if (lte) {
-               print_lookup_table_entry(lte, stdout);
-       } else {
-               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, 0);
-               if (hash) {
-                       tprintf(T("Hash              = 0x"));
-                       print_hash(hash, stdout);
-                       tputchar(T('\n'));
-                       tputchar(T('\n'));
-               }
-       }
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               tprintf(T("[Alternate Stream Entry %u]\n"), i);
-               wimlib_printf(T("Name = \"%"WS"\"\n"),
-                             inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name);
-               tprintf(T("Name Length (UTF16 bytes) = %hu\n"),
-                      inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name_nbytes);
-               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, i + 1);
-               if (hash) {
-                       tprintf(T("Hash              = 0x"));
-                       print_hash(hash, stdout);
-                       tputchar(T('\n'));
-               }
-               print_lookup_table_entry(inode_stream_lte(inode, i + 1, lookup_table),
-                                        stdout);
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Initializations done on every `struct wim_dentry'. */
-static void
-dentry_common_init(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       memset(dentry, 0, sizeof(struct wim_dentry));
-}
-
-struct wim_inode *
-new_timeless_inode(void)
-{
-       struct wim_inode *inode = CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct wim_inode));
-       if (inode) {
-               inode->i_security_id = -1;
-               inode->i_nlink = 1;
-               inode->i_next_stream_id = 1;
-               inode->i_not_rpfixed = 1;
-               inode->i_canonical_streams = 1;
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_list);
-               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_dentry);
-       }
-       return inode;
+       return get_dentry(wim, buf, case_type);
 }
 
-static struct wim_inode *
-new_inode(void)
-{
-       struct wim_inode *inode = new_timeless_inode();
-       if (inode) {
-               u64 now = get_wim_timestamp();
-               inode->i_creation_time = now;
-               inode->i_last_access_time = now;
-               inode->i_last_write_time = now;
-       }
-       return inode;
-}
-
-/* Creates an unlinked directory entry. */
-int
+/*
+ * Create an unlinked dentry.
+ *
+ * @name specifies the long name to give the new dentry.  If NULL or empty, the
+ * new dentry will be given no long name.
+ *
+ * The new dentry will have no short name and no associated inode.
+ *
+ * On success, returns 0 and a pointer to the new, allocated dentry is stored in
+ * *dentry_ret.  On failure, returns WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM or an error code resulting
+ * from a failed string conversion.
+ */
+static int
 new_dentry(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
        struct wim_dentry *dentry;
        int ret;
 
-       dentry = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_dentry));
-       if (dentry == NULL)
+       dentry = CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct wim_dentry));
+       if (!dentry)
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 
-       dentry_common_init(dentry);
-       ret = set_dentry_name(dentry, name);
-       if (ret == 0) {
-               dentry->parent = dentry;
-               *dentry_ret = dentry;
-       } else {
-               FREE(dentry);
-               ERROR("Failed to set name on new dentry with name \"%"TS"\"",
-                     name);
+       if (name && *name) {
+               ret = dentry_set_name(dentry, name);
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(dentry);
+                       return ret;
+               }
        }
-       return ret;
+       dentry->d_parent = dentry;
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-
-static int
-_new_dentry_with_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret,
-                       bool timeless)
+/* Like new_dentry(), but also allocate an inode and associate it with the
+ * dentry.  If set_timestamps=true, the timestamps for the inode will be set to
+ * the current time; otherwise, they will be left 0.  */
+int
+new_dentry_with_new_inode(const tchar *name, bool set_timestamps,
+                         struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
        struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
        int ret;
 
        ret = new_dentry(name, &dentry);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       if (timeless)
-               dentry->d_inode = new_timeless_inode();
-       else
-               dentry->d_inode = new_inode();
-       if (dentry->d_inode == NULL) {
+       inode = new_inode(dentry, set_timestamps);
+       if (!inode) {
                free_dentry(dentry);
                return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
        }
 
-       inode_add_dentry(dentry, dentry->d_inode);
        *dentry_ret = dentry;
        return 0;
 }
 
+/* Like new_dentry(), but also associate the new dentry with the specified inode
+ * and acquire a reference to each of the inode's blobs.  */
 int
-new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
-{
-       return _new_dentry_with_inode(name, dentry_ret, true);
-}
-
-int
-new_dentry_with_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
+new_dentry_with_existing_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_inode *inode,
+                              struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
-       return _new_dentry_with_inode(name, dentry_ret, false);
+       int ret = new_dentry(name, dentry_ret);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       d_associate(*dentry_ret, inode);
+       inode_ref_blobs(inode);
+       return 0;
 }
 
+/* Create an unnamed dentry with a new inode for a directory with the default
+ * metadata.  */
 int
-new_filler_directory(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
+new_filler_directory(struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
        int ret;
        struct wim_dentry *dentry;
 
-       DEBUG("Creating filler directory \"%"TS"\"", name);
-       ret = new_dentry_with_inode(name, &dentry);
+       ret = new_dentry_with_new_inode(NULL, true, &dentry);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
        /* Leave the inode number as 0; this is allowed for non
         * hard-linked files. */
-       dentry->d_inode->i_resolved = 1;
        dentry->d_inode->i_attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
        *dentry_ret = dentry;
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-dentry_clear_inode_visited(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
-{
-       dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-void
-dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(struct wim_dentry *root)
-{
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_clear_inode_visited, NULL);
-}
-
-static int
-init_ads_entry(struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry, const void *name,
-              size_t name_nbytes, bool is_utf16le)
-{
-       int ret = 0;
-       memset(ads_entry, 0, sizeof(*ads_entry));
-
-       if (is_utf16le) {
-               utf16lechar *p = MALLOC(name_nbytes + sizeof(utf16lechar));
-               if (p == NULL)
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               memcpy(p, name, name_nbytes);
-               p[name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
-               ads_entry->stream_name = p;
-               ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
-       } else {
-               if (name && *(const tchar*)name != T('\0')) {
-                       ret = get_utf16le_name(name, &ads_entry->stream_name,
-                                              &ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes);
-               }
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static void
-destroy_ads_entry(struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry)
-{
-       FREE(ads_entry->stream_name);
-}
-
-/* Frees an inode. */
-void
-free_inode(struct wim_inode *inode)
-{
-       if (inode) {
-               if (inode->i_ads_entries) {
-                       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
-                               destroy_ads_entry(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]);
-                       FREE(inode->i_ads_entries);
-               }
-               /* HACK: This may instead delete the inode from i_list, but the
-                * hlist_del() behaves the same as list_del(). */
-               if (!hlist_unhashed(&inode->i_hlist))
-                       hlist_del(&inode->i_hlist);
-               FREE(inode);
-       }
-}
-
-/* Decrements link count on an inode and frees it if the link count reaches 0.
- * */
-static void
-put_inode(struct wim_inode *inode)
-{
-       wimlib_assert(inode->i_nlink != 0);
-       if (--inode->i_nlink == 0) {
-       #ifdef WITH_FUSE
-               if (inode->i_num_opened_fds == 0)
-       #endif
-               {
-                       free_inode(inode);
-               }
-       }
-}
-
-/* Frees a WIM dentry.
+/*
+ * Free a WIM dentry.
  *
- * The corresponding inode (if any) is freed only if its link count is
- * decremented to 0.
+ * In addition to freeing the dentry itself, this disassociates the dentry from
+ * its inode.  If the inode is no longer in use, it will be freed as well.
  */
 void
 free_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
        if (dentry) {
-               FREE(dentry->file_name);
-               FREE(dentry->short_name);
-               FREE(dentry->_full_path);
-               if (dentry->d_inode)
-                       put_inode(dentry->d_inode);
+               d_disassociate(dentry);
+               FREE(dentry->d_name);
+               FREE(dentry->d_short_name);
+               FREE(dentry->d_full_path);
                FREE(dentry);
        }
 }
 
-/* This function is passed as an argument to for_dentry_in_tree_depth() in order
- * to free a directory tree. */
 static int
-do_free_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_lookup_table)
+do_free_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
 {
-       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table = _lookup_table;
-
-       if (lookup_table) {
-               struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-               for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-                       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       free_dentry(dentry);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i, lookup_table);
-                       if (lte)
-                               lte_decrement_refcnt(lte, lookup_table);
-               }
-       }
+static int
+do_free_dentry_and_unref_blobs(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *blob_table)
+{
+       inode_unref_blobs(dentry->d_inode, blob_table);
        free_dentry(dentry);
        return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Unlinks and frees a dentry tree.
+ * Free all dentries in a tree.
  *
  * @root:
- *     The root of the tree.
+ *     The root of the dentry tree to free.  If NULL, this function has no
+ *     effect.
  *
- * @lookup_table:
- *     The lookup table for dentries.  If non-NULL, the reference counts in the
- *     lookup table for the lookup table entries corresponding to the dentries
- *     will be decremented.
+ * @blob_table:
+ *     A pointer to the blob table for the WIM, or NULL if not specified.  If
+ *     specified, this function will decrement the reference counts of the
+ *     blobs referenced by the dentries.
+ *
+ * This function also releases references to the corresponding inodes.
+ *
+ * This function does *not* unlink @root from its parent directory, if it has
+ * one.  If @root has a parent, the caller must unlink @root before calling this
+ * function.
  */
 void
-free_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry *root, struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+free_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry *root, struct blob_table *blob_table)
 {
-       for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, do_free_dentry, lookup_table);
+       int (*f)(struct wim_dentry *, void *);
+
+       if (blob_table)
+               f = do_free_dentry_and_unref_blobs;
+       else
+               f = do_free_dentry;
+
+       for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, f, blob_table);
 }
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
+/* Insert the @child dentry into the case sensitive index of the @dir directory.
+ * Return NULL if successfully inserted, otherwise a pointer to the
+ * already-inserted duplicate.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_index_child(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
+{
+       struct avl_tree_node *duplicate;
 
-/* Insert a dentry into the case insensitive index for a directory.
- *
- * This is a red-black tree, but when multiple dentries share the same
- * case-insensitive name, only one is inserted into the tree itself; the rest
- * are connected in a list.
- */
+       duplicate = avl_tree_insert(&dir->i_children,
+                                   &child->d_index_node,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names);
+       if (!duplicate)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(duplicate, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+}
+
+/* Insert the @child dentry into the case insensitive index of the @dir
+ * directory.  Return NULL if successfully inserted, otherwise a pointer to the
+ * already-inserted duplicate.  */
 static struct wim_dentry *
-dentry_add_child_case_insensitive(struct wim_dentry *parent,
-                                 struct wim_dentry *child)
+dir_index_child_ci(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       struct rb_root *root;
-       struct rb_node **new;
-       struct rb_node *rb_parent;
-
-       root = &parent->d_inode->i_children_case_insensitive;
-       new = &root->rb_node;
-       rb_parent = NULL;
-       while (*new) {
-               struct wim_dentry *this = container_of(*new, struct wim_dentry,
-                                                      rb_node_case_insensitive);
-               int result = dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(child, this);
-
-               rb_parent = *new;
-
-               if (result < 0)
-                       new = &((*new)->rb_left);
-               else if (result > 0)
-                       new = &((*new)->rb_right);
-               else
-                       return this;
-       }
-       rb_link_node(&child->rb_node_case_insensitive, rb_parent, new);
-       rb_insert_color(&child->rb_node_case_insensitive, root);
-       return NULL;
+       struct avl_tree_node *duplicate;
+
+       duplicate = avl_tree_insert(&dir->i_children_ci,
+                                   &child->d_index_node_ci,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names_ci);
+       if (!duplicate)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(duplicate, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
+}
+
+/* Remove the specified dentry from its directory's case-sensitive index.  */
+static void
+dir_unindex_child(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
+{
+       avl_tree_remove(&dir->i_children, &child->d_index_node);
+}
+
+/* Remove the specified dentry from its directory's case-insensitive index.  */
+static void
+dir_unindex_child_ci(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
+{
+       avl_tree_remove(&dir->i_children_ci, &child->d_index_node_ci);
+}
+
+/* Return true iff the specified dentry is in its parent directory's
+ * case-insensitive index.  */
+static bool
+dentry_in_ci_index(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       return !avl_tree_node_is_unlinked(&dentry->d_index_node_ci);
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
- * Links a dentry into the directory tree.
+ * Link a dentry into the tree.
  *
- * @parent: The dentry that will be the parent of @child.
- * @child: The dentry to link.
+ * @parent:
+ *     The dentry that will be the parent of @child.  It must name a directory.
+ *
+ * @child:
+ *     The dentry to link.  It must be currently unlinked.
  *
  * Returns NULL if successful.  If @parent already contains a dentry with the
- * same case-sensitive name as @child, the pointer to this duplicate dentry is
- * returned.
+ * same case-sensitive name as @child, returns a pointer to this duplicate
+ * dentry.
  */
 struct wim_dentry *
-dentry_add_child(struct wim_dentry * restrict parent,
-                struct wim_dentry * restrict child)
+dentry_add_child(struct wim_dentry *parent, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       struct rb_root *root;
-       struct rb_node **new;
-       struct rb_node *rb_parent;
+       struct wim_dentry *duplicate;
+       struct wim_inode *dir;
 
-       wimlib_assert(dentry_is_directory(parent));
        wimlib_assert(parent != child);
 
-       /* Case sensitive child dentry index */
-       root = &parent->d_inode->i_children;
-       new = &root->rb_node;
-       rb_parent = NULL;
-       while (*new) {
-               struct wim_dentry *this = rbnode_dentry(*new);
-               int result = dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(child, this);
-
-               rb_parent = *new;
-
-               if (result < 0)
-                       new = &((*new)->rb_left);
-               else if (result > 0)
-                       new = &((*new)->rb_right);
-               else
-                       return this;
-       }
-       child->parent = parent;
-       rb_link_node(&child->rb_node, rb_parent, new);
-       rb_insert_color(&child->rb_node, root);
+       dir = parent->d_inode;
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       {
-               struct wim_dentry *existing;
-               existing = dentry_add_child_case_insensitive(parent, child);
-               if (existing) {
-                       list_add(&child->case_insensitive_conflict_list,
-                                &existing->case_insensitive_conflict_list);
-                       child->rb_node_case_insensitive.__rb_parent_color = 0;
-               } else {
-                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&child->case_insensitive_conflict_list);
-               }
+       wimlib_assert(inode_is_directory(dir));
+
+       duplicate = dir_index_child(dir, child);
+       if (duplicate)
+               return duplicate;
+
+       duplicate = dir_index_child_ci(dir, child);
+       if (duplicate) {
+               list_add(&child->d_ci_conflict_list, &duplicate->d_ci_conflict_list);
+               avl_tree_node_set_unlinked(&child->d_index_node_ci);
+       } else {
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&child->d_ci_conflict_list);
        }
-#endif
+       child->d_parent = parent;
        return NULL;
 }
 
-/* Unlink a WIM dentry from the directory entry tree. */
+/* Unlink a dentry from the tree.  */
 void
 unlink_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct wim_dentry *parent = dentry->parent;
+       struct wim_inode *dir;
 
-       if (parent == dentry)
+       /* Do nothing if the dentry is root or it's already unlinked.  Not
+        * actually necessary based on the current callers, but we do the check
+        * here to be safe.  */
+       if (unlikely(dentry->d_parent == dentry))
                return;
-       rb_erase(&dentry->rb_node, &parent->d_inode->i_children);
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (dentry->rb_node_case_insensitive.__rb_parent_color) {
-               /* This dentry was in the case-insensitive red-black tree. */
-               rb_erase(&dentry->rb_node_case_insensitive,
-                        &parent->d_inode->i_children_case_insensitive);
-               if (!list_empty(&dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list)) {
+
+       dir = dentry->d_parent->d_inode;
+
+       dir_unindex_child(dir, dentry);
+
+       if (dentry_in_ci_index(dentry)) {
+
+               dir_unindex_child_ci(dir, dentry);
+
+               if (!list_empty(&dentry->d_ci_conflict_list)) {
                        /* Make a different case-insensitively-the-same dentry
-                        * be the "representative" in the red-black tree. */
+                        * be the "representative" in the search index.  */
                        struct list_head *next;
                        struct wim_dentry *other;
                        struct wim_dentry *existing;
 
-                       next = dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list.next;
-                       other = list_entry(next, struct wim_dentry, case_insensitive_conflict_list);
-                       existing = dentry_add_child_case_insensitive(parent, other);
+                       next = dentry->d_ci_conflict_list.next;
+                       other = list_entry(next, struct wim_dentry, d_ci_conflict_list);
+                       existing = dir_index_child_ci(dir, other);
                        wimlib_assert(existing == NULL);
                }
        }
-       list_del(&dentry->case_insensitive_conflict_list);
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the alternate data stream entry belonging to @inode that has the
- * stream name @stream_name, or NULL if the inode has no alternate data stream
- * with that name.
- *
- * If @p stream_name is the empty string, NULL is returned --- that is, this
- * function will not return "unnamed" alternate data stream entries.
- */
-struct wim_ads_entry *
-inode_get_ads_entry(struct wim_inode *inode, const tchar *stream_name,
-                   u16 *idx_ret)
-{
-       if (inode->i_num_ads == 0) {
-               return NULL;
-       } else {
-               size_t stream_name_utf16le_nbytes;
-               u16 i;
-               struct wim_ads_entry *result;
-
-               if (stream_name[0] == T('\0'))
-                       return NULL;
-
-       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               const utf16lechar *stream_name_utf16le;
-
-               stream_name_utf16le = stream_name;
-               stream_name_utf16le_nbytes = tstrlen(stream_name) * sizeof(tchar);
-       #else
-               utf16lechar *stream_name_utf16le;
+       list_del(&dentry->d_ci_conflict_list);
 
-               {
-                       int ret = tstr_to_utf16le(stream_name,
-                                                 tstrlen(stream_name) *
-                                                     sizeof(tchar),
-                                                 &stream_name_utf16le,
-                                                 &stream_name_utf16le_nbytes);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return NULL;
-               }
-       #endif
-               i = 0;
-               result = NULL;
-               do {
-                       if (ads_entry_has_name(&inode->i_ads_entries[i],
-                                              stream_name_utf16le,
-                                              stream_name_utf16le_nbytes))
-                       {
-                               if (idx_ret)
-                                       *idx_ret = i;
-                               result = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
-                               break;
-                       }
-               } while (++i != inode->i_num_ads);
-       #if !TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               FREE(stream_name_utf16le);
-       #endif
-               return result;
-       }
+       /* Not actually necessary, but to be safe don't retain the now-obsolete
+        * parent pointer.  */
+       dentry->d_parent = dentry;
 }
 
-static struct wim_ads_entry *
-do_inode_add_ads(struct wim_inode *inode, const void *stream_name,
-                size_t stream_name_nbytes, bool is_utf16le)
+static int
+read_extra_data(const u8 *p, const u8 *end, struct wim_inode *inode)
 {
-       u16 num_ads;
-       struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entries;
-       struct wim_ads_entry *new_entry;
-
-       wimlib_assert(stream_name_nbytes != 0);
+       while (((uintptr_t)p & 7) && p < end)
+               p++;
 
-       if (inode->i_num_ads >= 0xfffe) {
-               ERROR("Too many alternate data streams in one inode!");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       num_ads = inode->i_num_ads + 1;
-       ads_entries = REALLOC(inode->i_ads_entries,
-                             num_ads * sizeof(inode->i_ads_entries[0]));
-       if (ads_entries == NULL) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate memory for new alternate data stream");
-               return NULL;
+       if (unlikely(p < end)) {
+               inode->i_extra = MALLOC(sizeof(struct wim_inode_extra) +
+                                       end - p);
+               if (!inode->i_extra)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               inode->i_extra->size = end - p;
+               memcpy(inode->i_extra->data, p, end - p);
        }
-       inode->i_ads_entries = ads_entries;
-
-       new_entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[num_ads - 1];
-       if (init_ads_entry(new_entry, stream_name, stream_name_nbytes, is_utf16le))
-               return NULL;
-       new_entry->stream_id = inode->i_next_stream_id++;
-       inode->i_num_ads = num_ads;
-       return new_entry;
-}
-
-struct wim_ads_entry *
-inode_add_ads_utf16le(struct wim_inode *inode,
-                     const utf16lechar *stream_name,
-                     size_t stream_name_nbytes)
-{
-       DEBUG("Add alternate data stream \"%"WS"\"", stream_name);
-       return do_inode_add_ads(inode, stream_name, stream_name_nbytes, true);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Add an alternate stream entry to a WIM inode.  On success, returns a pointer
- * to the new entry; on failure, returns NULL.
+ * Set the type of each stream for an encrypted file.
+ *
+ * All data streams of the encrypted file should have been packed into a single
+ * stream in the format provided by ReadEncryptedFileRaw() on Windows.  We
+ * assign this stream type STREAM_TYPE_EFSRPC_RAW_DATA.
  *
- * @stream_name must be a nonempty string.
+ * Encrypted files can't have a reparse point stream.  In the on-disk NTFS
+ * format they can, but as far as I know the reparse point stream of an
+ * encrypted file can't be stored in the WIM format in a way that's compatible
+ * with WIMGAPI, nor is there even any way for it to be read or written on
+ * Windows when the process does not have access to the file encryption key.
  */
-struct wim_ads_entry *
-inode_add_ads(struct wim_inode *inode, const tchar *stream_name)
-{
-       DEBUG("Add alternate data stream \"%"TS"\"", stream_name);
-       return do_inode_add_ads(inode, stream_name,
-                               tstrlen(stream_name) * sizeof(tchar),
-                               TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE);
-}
-
-static struct wim_lookup_table_entry *
-add_stream_from_data_buffer(const void *buffer, size_t size,
-                           struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
+static void
+assign_stream_types_encrypted(struct wim_inode *inode)
 {
-       u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *existing_lte;
-
-       sha1_buffer(buffer, size, hash);
-       existing_lte = lookup_resource(lookup_table, hash);
-       if (existing_lte) {
-               wimlib_assert(existing_lte->size == size);
-               lte = existing_lte;
-               lte->refcnt++;
-       } else {
-               void *buffer_copy;
-               lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
-               if (lte == NULL)
-                       return NULL;
-               buffer_copy = memdup(buffer, size);
-               if (buffer_copy == NULL) {
-                       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
-                       return NULL;
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+               struct wim_inode_stream *strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+               if (!stream_is_named(strm) && !is_zero_hash(strm->_stream_hash))
+               {
+                       strm->stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_EFSRPC_RAW_DATA;
+                       return;
                }
-               lte->resource_location  = RESOURCE_IN_ATTACHED_BUFFER;
-               lte->attached_buffer    = buffer_copy;
-               lte->size               = size;
-               copy_hash(lte->hash, hash);
-               lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
        }
-       return lte;
 }
 
-int
-inode_add_ads_with_data(struct wim_inode *inode, const tchar *name,
-                       const void *value, size_t size,
-                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
-{
-       struct wim_ads_entry *new_ads_entry;
-
-       wimlib_assert(inode->i_resolved);
-
-       new_ads_entry = inode_add_ads(inode, name);
-       if (new_ads_entry == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-
-       new_ads_entry->lte = add_stream_from_data_buffer(value, size,
-                                                        lookup_table);
-       if (new_ads_entry->lte == NULL) {
-               inode_remove_ads(inode, new_ads_entry - inode->i_ads_entries,
-                                lookup_table);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+/*
+ * Set the type of each stream for an unencrypted file.
+ *
+ * There will be an unnamed data stream, a reparse point stream, or both an
+ * unnamed data stream and a reparse point stream.  In addition, there may be
+ * named data streams.
+ *
+ * NOTE: if the file has a reparse point stream or at least one named data
+ * stream, then WIMGAPI puts *all* streams in the extra stream entries and
+ * leaves the default stream hash zeroed.  wimlib now does the same.  However,
+ * for input we still support the default hash field being used, since wimlib
+ * used to use it and MS software is somewhat accepting of it as well.
+ */
+static void
+assign_stream_types_unencrypted(struct wim_inode *inode)
+{
+       bool found_reparse_point_stream = false;
+       bool found_unnamed_data_stream = false;
+       struct wim_inode_stream *unnamed_stream_with_zero_hash = NULL;
+
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+               struct wim_inode_stream *strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+
+               if (stream_is_named(strm)) {
+                       /* Named data stream  */
+                       strm->stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_DATA;
+               } else if (i != 0 || !is_zero_hash(strm->_stream_hash)) {
+                       /* Unnamed stream in the extra stream entries, OR the
+                        * default stream in the dentry provided that it has a
+                        * nonzero hash.  */
+                       if ((inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
+                           !found_reparse_point_stream) {
+                               found_reparse_point_stream = true;
+                               strm->stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_REPARSE_POINT;
+                       } else if (!found_unnamed_data_stream) {
+                               found_unnamed_data_stream = true;
+                               strm->stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_DATA;
+                       }
+               } else if (!unnamed_stream_with_zero_hash) {
+                       unnamed_stream_with_zero_hash = strm;
+               }
        }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-inode_has_named_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode)
-{
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
-               if (ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
-                       return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* Set the unnamed stream of a WIM inode, given a data buffer containing the
- * stream contents. */
-int
-inode_set_unnamed_stream(struct wim_inode *inode, const void *data, size_t len,
-                        struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
-{
-       inode->i_lte = add_stream_from_data_buffer(data, len, lookup_table);
-       if (inode->i_lte == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       inode->i_resolved = 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove an alternate data stream from a WIM inode  */
-void
-inode_remove_ads(struct wim_inode *inode, u16 idx,
-                struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
-{
-       struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-       wimlib_assert(idx < inode->i_num_ads);
-       wimlib_assert(inode->i_resolved);
-
-       ads_entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[idx];
-
-       DEBUG("Remove alternate data stream \"%"WS"\"", ads_entry->stream_name);
-
-       lte = ads_entry->lte;
-       if (lte)
-               lte_decrement_refcnt(lte, lookup_table);
-
-       destroy_ads_entry(ads_entry);
-
-       memmove(&inode->i_ads_entries[idx],
-               &inode->i_ads_entries[idx + 1],
-               (inode->i_num_ads - idx - 1) * sizeof(inode->i_ads_entries[0]));
-       inode->i_num_ads--;
-}
 
-bool
-inode_has_unix_data(const struct wim_inode *inode)
-{
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
-               if (ads_entry_is_unix_data(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
-                       return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-#ifndef __WIN32__
-int
-inode_get_unix_data(const struct wim_inode *inode,
-                   struct wimlib_unix_data *unix_data,
-                   u16 *stream_idx_ret)
-{
-       const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
-       const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       size_t size;
-       int ret;
-
-       wimlib_assert(inode->i_resolved);
-
-       ads_entry = inode_get_ads_entry((struct wim_inode*)inode,
-                                       WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG, NULL);
-       if (ads_entry == NULL)
-               return NO_UNIX_DATA;
-
-       if (stream_idx_ret)
-               *stream_idx_ret = ads_entry - inode->i_ads_entries;
-
-       lte = ads_entry->lte;
-       if (lte == NULL)
-               return NO_UNIX_DATA;
-
-       size = lte->size;
-       if (size != sizeof(struct wimlib_unix_data))
-               return BAD_UNIX_DATA;
-
-       ret = read_full_resource_into_buf(lte, unix_data);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       if (unix_data->version != 0)
-               return BAD_UNIX_DATA;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-inode_set_unix_data(struct wim_inode *inode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode,
-                   struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table, int which)
-{
-       struct wimlib_unix_data unix_data;
-       int ret;
-       bool have_good_unix_data = false;
-       bool have_unix_data = false;
-       u16 stream_idx;
-
-       if (!(which & UNIX_DATA_CREATE)) {
-               ret = inode_get_unix_data(inode, &unix_data, &stream_idx);
-               if (ret == 0 || ret == BAD_UNIX_DATA || ret > 0)
-                       have_unix_data = true;
-               if (ret == 0)
-                       have_good_unix_data = true;
+       if (unnamed_stream_with_zero_hash) {
+               int type = STREAM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+               if ((inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
+                   !found_reparse_point_stream) {
+                       type = STREAM_TYPE_REPARSE_POINT;
+               } else if (!found_unnamed_data_stream) {
+                       type = STREAM_TYPE_DATA;
+               }
+               unnamed_stream_with_zero_hash->stream_type = type;
        }
-       unix_data.version = 0;
-       if (which & UNIX_DATA_UID || !have_good_unix_data)
-               unix_data.uid = uid;
-       if (which & UNIX_DATA_GID || !have_good_unix_data)
-               unix_data.gid = gid;
-       if (which & UNIX_DATA_MODE || !have_good_unix_data)
-               unix_data.mode = mode;
-       ret = inode_add_ads_with_data(inode, WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG,
-                                     &unix_data,
-                                     sizeof(struct wimlib_unix_data),
-                                     lookup_table);
-       if (ret == 0 && have_unix_data)
-               inode_remove_ads(inode, stream_idx, lookup_table);
-       return ret;
 }
-#endif /* !__WIN32__ */
 
 /*
- * Reads the alternate data stream entries of a WIM dentry.
- *
- * @p:
- *     Pointer to buffer that starts with the first alternate stream entry.
- *
- * @inode:
- *     Inode to load the alternate data streams into.  @inode->i_num_ads must
- *     have been set to the number of alternate data streams that are expected.
- *
- * @remaining_size:
- *     Number of bytes of data remaining in the buffer pointed to by @p.
- *
- * On success, inode->i_ads_entries is set to an array of `struct
- * wim_ads_entry's of length inode->i_num_ads.  On failure, @inode is not
- * modified.
- *
- * Return values:
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM
+ * Read and interpret the collection of streams for the specified inode.
  */
 static int
-read_ads_entries(const u8 * restrict p, struct wim_inode * restrict inode,
-                size_t nbytes_remaining)
+setup_inode_streams(const u8 *p, const u8 *end, struct wim_inode *inode,
+                   unsigned num_extra_streams, const u8 *default_hash,
+                   u64 *offset_p)
 {
-       u16 num_ads;
-       struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entries;
-       int ret;
+       const u8 *orig_p = p;
+
+       inode->i_num_streams = 1 + num_extra_streams;
 
-       BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk) != WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
+       if (unlikely(inode->i_num_streams > ARRAY_LEN(inode->i_embedded_streams))) {
+               inode->i_streams = CALLOC(inode->i_num_streams,
+                                         sizeof(inode->i_streams[0]));
+               if (!inode->i_streams)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
 
-       /* Allocate an array for our in-memory representation of the alternate
-        * data stream entries. */
-       num_ads = inode->i_num_ads;
-       ads_entries = CALLOC(num_ads, sizeof(inode->i_ads_entries[0]));
-       if (ads_entries == NULL)
-               goto out_of_memory;
+       /* Use the default hash field for the first stream  */
+       inode->i_streams[0].stream_name = (utf16lechar *)NO_STREAM_NAME;
+       copy_hash(inode->i_streams[0]._stream_hash, default_hash);
+       inode->i_streams[0].stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+       inode->i_streams[0].stream_id = 0;
 
-       /* Read the entries into our newly allocated buffer. */
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < num_ads; i++) {
+       /* Read the extra stream entries  */
+       for (unsigned i = 1; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+               struct wim_inode_stream *strm;
+               const struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk *disk_strm;
                u64 length;
-               struct wim_ads_entry *cur_entry;
-               const struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk *disk_entry =
-                       (const struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk*)p;
+               u16 name_nbytes;
 
-               cur_entry = &ads_entries[i];
-               ads_entries[i].stream_id = i + 1;
+               strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+
+               strm->stream_id = i;
 
                /* Do we have at least the size of the fixed-length data we know
-                * need? */
-               if (nbytes_remaining < sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk))
-                       goto out_invalid;
+                * need?  */
+               if ((end - p) < sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+
+               disk_strm = (const struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk *)p;
 
-               /* Read the length field */
-               length = le64_to_cpu(disk_entry->length);
+               /* Read the length field  */
+               length = ALIGN(le64_to_cpu(disk_strm->length), 8);
 
                /* Make sure the length field is neither so small it doesn't
                 * include all the fixed-length data nor so large it overflows
                 * the metadata resource buffer. */
-               if (length < sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk) ||
-                   length > nbytes_remaining)
-                       goto out_invalid;
+               if (length < sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk) ||
+                   length > (end - p))
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
 
                /* Read the rest of the fixed-length data. */
 
-               cur_entry->reserved = le64_to_cpu(disk_entry->reserved);
-               copy_hash(cur_entry->hash, disk_entry->hash);
-               cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_entry->stream_name_nbytes);
-
-               /* If stream_name_nbytes != 0, this is a named stream.
-                * Otherwise this is an unnamed stream, or in some cases (bugs
-                * in Microsoft's software I guess) a meaningless entry
-                * distinguished from the real unnamed stream entry, if any, by
-                * the fact that the real unnamed stream entry has a nonzero
-                * hash field. */
-               if (cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes) {
+               copy_hash(strm->_stream_hash, disk_strm->hash);
+               name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_strm->name_nbytes);
+
+               /* If stream_name_nbytes != 0, the stream is named.  */
+               if (name_nbytes != 0) {
                        /* The name is encoded in UTF16-LE, which uses 2-byte
                         * coding units, so the length of the name had better be
-                        * an even number of bytes... */
-                       if (cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes & 1)
-                               goto out_invalid;
+                        * an even number of bytes.  */
+                       if (name_nbytes & 1)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
 
                        /* Add the length of the stream name to get the length
                         * we actually need to read.  Make sure this isn't more
-                        * than the specified length of the entry. */
-                       if (sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk) +
-                           cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes > length)
-                               goto out_invalid;
-
-                       cur_entry->stream_name = MALLOC(cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes + 2);
-                       if (cur_entry->stream_name == NULL)
-                               goto out_of_memory;
-
-                       memcpy(cur_entry->stream_name,
-                              disk_entry->stream_name,
-                              cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes);
-                       cur_entry->stream_name[cur_entry->stream_name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
+                        * than the specified length of the entry.  */
+                       if (sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk) +
+                           name_nbytes > length)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+
+                       strm->stream_name = utf16le_dupz(disk_strm->name,
+                                                        name_nbytes);
+                       if (!strm->stream_name)
+                               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
                } else {
-                       /* Mark inode as having weird stream entries.  */
-                       inode->i_canonical_streams = 0;
+                       strm->stream_name = (utf16lechar *)NO_STREAM_NAME;
                }
 
-               /* It's expected that the size of every ADS entry is a multiple
-                * of 8.  However, to be safe, I'm allowing the possibility of
-                * an ADS entry at the very end of the metadata resource ending
-                * un-aligned.  So although we still need to increment the input
-                * pointer by @length to reach the next ADS entry, it's possible
-                * that less than @length is actually remaining in the metadata
-                * resource. We should set the remaining bytes to 0 if this
-                * happens. */
-               length = (length + 7) & ~(u64)7;
+               strm->stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+
                p += length;
-               if (nbytes_remaining < length)
-                       nbytes_remaining = 0;
-               else
-                       nbytes_remaining -= length;
-       }
-       inode->i_ads_entries = ads_entries;
-       inode->i_next_stream_id = inode->i_num_ads + 1;
-       ret = 0;
-       goto out;
-out_of_memory:
-       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       goto out_free_ads_entries;
-out_invalid:
-       ERROR("An alternate data stream entry is invalid");
-       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-out_free_ads_entries:
-       if (ads_entries) {
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < num_ads; i++)
-                       destroy_ads_entry(&ads_entries[i]);
-               FREE(ads_entries);
        }
-out:
-       return ret;
+
+       inode->i_next_stream_id = inode->i_num_streams;
+
+       /* Now, assign a type to each stream.  Unfortunately this requires
+        * various hacks because stream types aren't explicitly provided in the
+        * WIM on-disk format.  */
+
+       if (unlikely(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED))
+               assign_stream_types_encrypted(inode);
+       else
+               assign_stream_types_unencrypted(inode);
+
+       *offset_p += p - orig_p;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Reads a WIM directory entry, including all alternate data stream entries that
- * follow it, from the WIM image's metadata resource.
- *
- * @metadata_resource:
- *             Pointer to the metadata resource buffer.
- *
- * @metadata_resource_len:
- *             Length of the metadata resource buffer, in bytes.
- *
- * @offset:    Offset of the dentry within the metadata resource.
- *
- * @dentry:    A `struct wim_dentry' that will be filled in by this function.
- *
- * Return 0 on success or nonzero on failure.  On failure, @dentry will have
- * been modified, but it will not be left with pointers to any allocated
- * buffers.  On success, the dentry->length field must be examined.  If zero,
- * this was a special "end of directory" dentry and not a real dentry.  If
- * nonzero, this was a real dentry.
- *
- * Return values:
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM
- */
-int
-read_dentry(const u8 * restrict metadata_resource, u64 metadata_resource_len,
-           u64 offset, struct wim_dentry * restrict dentry)
+/* Read a dentry, including all extra stream entries that follow it, from an
+ * uncompressed metadata resource buffer.  */
+static int
+read_dentry(const u8 * restrict buf, size_t buf_len,
+           u64 *offset_p, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
-
-       u64 calculated_size;
-       utf16lechar *file_name;
-       utf16lechar *short_name;
+       u64 offset = *offset_p;
+       u64 length;
+       const u8 *p;
+       const struct wim_dentry_on_disk *disk_dentry;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
        u16 short_name_nbytes;
-       u16 file_name_nbytes;
+       u16 name_nbytes;
+       u64 calculated_size;
        int ret;
-       struct wim_inode *inode;
-       const u8 *p = &metadata_resource[offset];
-       const struct wim_dentry_on_disk *disk_dentry =
-                       (const struct wim_dentry_on_disk*)p;
-
-       BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk) != WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
 
-       if ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
-               WARNING("WIM dentry is not 8-byte aligned");
-
-       dentry_common_init(dentry);
+       STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk) == WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
 
        /* Before reading the whole dentry, we need to read just the length.
         * This is because a dentry of length 8 (that is, just the length field)
         * terminates the list of sibling directory entries. */
-       if (offset + sizeof(u64) > metadata_resource_len ||
-           offset + sizeof(u64) < offset)
-       {
-               ERROR("Directory entry starting at %"PRIu64" ends past the "
-                     "end of the metadata resource (size %"PRIu64")",
-                     offset, metadata_resource_len);
+
+       /* Check for buffer overrun.  */
+       if (unlikely(offset + sizeof(u64) > buf_len ||
+                    offset + sizeof(u64) < offset))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-       }
-       dentry->length = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->length);
-
-       /* A zero length field (really a length of 8, since that's how big the
-        * directory entry is...) indicates that this is the end of directory
-        * dentry.  We do not read it into memory as an actual dentry, so just
-        * return successfully in this case. */
-       if (dentry->length == 8)
-               dentry->length = 0;
-       if (dentry->length == 0)
+
+       /* Get pointer to the dentry data.  */
+       p = &buf[offset];
+       disk_dentry = (const struct wim_dentry_on_disk*)p;
+
+       /* Get dentry length.  */
+       length = ALIGN(le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->length), 8);
+
+       /* Check for end-of-directory.  */
+       if (length <= 8) {
+               *dentry_ret = NULL;
                return 0;
+       }
 
-       /* Now that we have the actual length provided in the on-disk structure,
-        * again make sure it doesn't overflow the metadata resource buffer. */
-       if (offset + dentry->length > metadata_resource_len ||
-           offset + dentry->length < offset)
-       {
-               ERROR("Directory entry at offset %"PRIu64" and with size "
-                     "%"PRIu64" ends past the end of the metadata resource "
-                     "(size %"PRIu64")",
-                     offset, dentry->length, metadata_resource_len);
+       /* Validate dentry length.  */
+       if (unlikely(length < sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk)))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-       }
 
-       /* Make sure the dentry length is at least as large as the number of
-        * fixed-length fields */
-       if (dentry->length < sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk)) {
-               ERROR("Directory entry has invalid length of %"PRIu64" bytes",
-                     dentry->length);
+       /* Check for buffer overrun.  */
+       if (unlikely(offset + length > buf_len ||
+                    offset + length < offset))
                return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-       }
 
-       /* Allocate a `struct wim_inode' for this `struct wim_dentry'. */
-       inode = new_timeless_inode();
-       if (inode == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       /* Allocate new dentry structure, along with a preliminary inode.  */
+       ret = new_dentry_with_new_inode(NULL, false, &dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       /* Read more fields; some into the dentry, and some into the inode. */
+       inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
+       /* Read more fields: some into the dentry, and some into the inode.  */
        inode->i_attributes = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->attributes);
        inode->i_security_id = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->security_id);
-       dentry->subdir_offset = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->subdir_offset);
-       dentry->d_unused_1 = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->unused_1);
-       dentry->d_unused_2 = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->unused_2);
+       dentry->d_subdir_offset = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->subdir_offset);
        inode->i_creation_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->creation_time);
        inode->i_last_access_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->last_access_time);
        inode->i_last_write_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->last_write_time);
-       copy_hash(inode->i_hash, disk_dentry->unnamed_stream_hash);
+       inode->i_unknown_0x54 = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->unknown_0x54);
 
-       /* I don't know what's going on here.  It seems like M$ screwed up the
-        * reparse points, then put the fields in the same place and didn't
-        * document it.  So we have some fields we read for reparse points, and
-        * some fields in the same place for non-reparse-point.s */
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               inode->i_rp_unknown_1 = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_1);
                inode->i_reparse_tag = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.reparse_tag);
-               inode->i_rp_unknown_2 = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_2);
-               inode->i_not_rpfixed = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.not_rpfixed);
-               /* Leave inode->i_ino at 0.  Note that this means the WIM file
-                * cannot archive hard-linked reparse points.  Such a thing
-                * doesn't really make sense anyway, although I believe it's
-                * theoretically possible to have them on NTFS. */
+               inode->i_rp_reserved = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_reserved);
+               inode->i_rp_flags = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_flags);
+               /* Leave inode->i_ino at 0.  Note: this means that WIM cannot
+                * represent multiple hard links to a reparse point file.  */
        } else {
-               inode->i_rp_unknown_1 = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->nonreparse.rp_unknown_1);
                inode->i_ino = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->nonreparse.hard_link_group_id);
        }
 
-       inode->i_num_ads = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->num_alternate_data_streams);
+       /* Now onto reading the names.  There are two of them: the (long) file
+        * name, and the short name.  */
 
        short_name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->short_name_nbytes);
-       file_name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+       name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->name_nbytes);
 
-       if ((short_name_nbytes & 1) | (file_name_nbytes & 1))
-       {
-               ERROR("Dentry name is not valid UTF-16LE (odd number of bytes)!");
+       if (unlikely((short_name_nbytes & 1) | (name_nbytes & 1))) {
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-               goto out_free_inode;
+               goto err_free_dentry;
        }
 
        /* We now know the length of the file name and short name.  Make sure
-        * the length of the dentry is large enough to actually hold them.
-        *
-        * The calculated length here is unaligned to allow for the possibility
-        * that the dentry->length names an unaligned length, although this
-        * would be unexpected. */
-       calculated_size = dentry_correct_length_unaligned(file_name_nbytes,
-                                                         short_name_nbytes);
-
-       if (dentry->length < calculated_size) {
-               ERROR("Unexpected end of directory entry! (Expected "
-                     "at least %"PRIu64" bytes, got %"PRIu64" bytes.)",
-                     calculated_size, dentry->length);
+        * the length of the dentry is large enough to actually hold them.  */
+       calculated_size = dentry_min_len_with_names(name_nbytes,
+                                                   short_name_nbytes);
+
+       if (unlikely(length < calculated_size)) {
                ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-               goto out_free_inode;
+               goto err_free_dentry;
        }
 
+       /* Advance p to point past the base dentry, to the first name.  */
        p += sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
 
        /* Read the filename if present.  Note: if the filename is empty, there
-        * is no null terminator following it. */
-       if (file_name_nbytes) {
-               file_name = MALLOC(file_name_nbytes + 2);
-               if (file_name == NULL) {
-                       ERROR("Failed to allocate %d bytes for dentry file name",
-                             file_name_nbytes + 2);
+        * is no null terminator following it.  */
+       if (name_nbytes) {
+               dentry->d_name = utf16le_dupz(p, name_nbytes);
+               if (unlikely(!dentry->d_name)) {
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_inode;
+                       goto err_free_dentry;
                }
-               memcpy(file_name, p, file_name_nbytes);
-               p += file_name_nbytes + 2;
-               file_name[file_name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
-       } else {
-               file_name = NULL;
+               dentry->d_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
+               p += (u32)name_nbytes + 2;
        }
 
-
        /* Read the short filename if present.  Note: if there is no short
         * filename, there is no null terminator following it. */
        if (short_name_nbytes) {
-               short_name = MALLOC(short_name_nbytes + 2);
-               if (short_name == NULL) {
-                       ERROR("Failed to allocate %d bytes for dentry short name",
-                             short_name_nbytes + 2);
+               dentry->d_short_name = utf16le_dupz(p, short_name_nbytes);
+               if (unlikely(!dentry->d_short_name)) {
                        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_file_name;
+                       goto err_free_dentry;
                }
-               memcpy(short_name, p, short_name_nbytes);
-               p += short_name_nbytes + 2;
-               short_name[short_name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
-       } else {
-               short_name = NULL;
+               dentry->d_short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
+               p += (u32)short_name_nbytes + 2;
        }
 
-       /* Align the dentry length */
-       dentry->length = (dentry->length + 7) & ~7;
+       /* Read extra data at end of dentry (but before extra stream entries).
+        * This may contain tagged metadata items.  */
+       ret = read_extra_data(p, &buf[offset + length], inode);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err_free_dentry;
 
-       /*
-        * Read the alternate data streams, if present.  dentry->num_ads tells
-        * us how many they are, and they will directly follow the dentry
-        * on-disk.
-        *
-        * Note that each alternate data stream entry begins on an 8-byte
-        * aligned boundary, and the alternate data stream entries seem to NOT
-        * be included in the dentry->length field for some reason.
-        */
-       if (inode->i_num_ads != 0) {
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-               if (offset + dentry->length > metadata_resource_len ||
-                   (ret = read_ads_entries(&metadata_resource[offset + dentry->length],
-                                           inode,
-                                           metadata_resource_len - offset - dentry->length)))
-               {
-                       ERROR("Failed to read alternate data stream "
-                             "entries of WIM dentry \"%"WS"\"", file_name);
-                       goto out_free_short_name;
-               }
-       }
-       /* We've read all the data for this dentry.  Set the names and their
-        * lengths, and we've done. */
-       dentry->d_inode           = inode;
-       dentry->file_name         = file_name;
-       dentry->short_name        = short_name;
-       dentry->file_name_nbytes  = file_name_nbytes;
-       dentry->short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
-       ret = 0;
-       goto out;
-out_free_short_name:
-       FREE(short_name);
-out_free_file_name:
-       FREE(file_name);
-out_free_inode:
-       free_inode(inode);
-out:
+       offset += length;
+
+       /* Set up the inode's collection of streams.  */
+       ret = setup_inode_streams(&buf[offset],
+                                 &buf[buf_len],
+                                 inode,
+                                 le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->num_extra_streams),
+                                 disk_dentry->default_hash,
+                                 &offset);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err_free_dentry;
+
+       *offset_p = offset;  /* Sets offset of next dentry in directory  */
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
+       return 0;
+
+err_free_dentry:
+       free_dentry(dentry);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static const tchar *
-dentry_get_file_type_string(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
-{
-       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       if (inode_is_directory(inode))
-               return T("directory");
-       else if (inode_is_symlink(inode))
-               return T("symbolic link");
-       else
-               return T("file");
+/* Is the dentry named "." or ".." ?  */
+static bool
+dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       if (dentry->d_name_nbytes <= 4) {
+               if (dentry->d_name_nbytes == 4) {
+                       if (dentry->d_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
+                           dentry->d_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+                               return true;
+               } else if (dentry->d_name_nbytes == 2) {
+                       if (dentry->d_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+                               return true;
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
 }
 
-/* Reads the children of a dentry, and all their children, ..., etc. from the
- * metadata resource and into the dentry tree.
- *
- * @metadata_resource:
- *     An array that contains the uncompressed metadata resource for the WIM
- *     file.
- *
- * @metadata_resource_len:
- *     The length of the uncompressed metadata resource, in bytes.
- *
- * @dentry:
- *     A pointer to a `struct wim_dentry' that is the root of the directory
- *     tree and has already been read from the metadata resource.  It does not
- *     need to be the real root because this procedure is called recursively.
- *
- * Return values:
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE
- *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM
- */
-int
-read_dentry_tree(const u8 * restrict metadata_resource,
-                u64 metadata_resource_len,
-                struct wim_dentry * restrict dentry)
+static int
+read_dentry_tree_recursive(const u8 * restrict buf, size_t buf_len,
+                          struct wim_dentry * restrict dir, unsigned depth)
 {
-       u64 cur_offset = dentry->subdir_offset;
-       struct wim_dentry *child;
-       struct wim_dentry *duplicate;
-       struct wim_dentry *parent;
-       struct wim_dentry cur_child;
-       int ret;
-
-       /*
-        * If @dentry has no child dentries, nothing more needs to be done for
-        * this branch.  This is the case for regular files, symbolic links, and
-        * *possibly* empty directories (although an empty directory may also
-        * have one child dentry that is the special end-of-directory dentry)
-        */
-       if (cur_offset == 0)
-               return 0;
+       u64 cur_offset = dir->d_subdir_offset;
 
-       /* Check for cyclic directory structure */
-       for (parent = dentry->parent; !dentry_is_root(parent); parent = parent->parent)
-       {
-               if (unlikely(parent->subdir_offset == cur_offset)) {
-                       ERROR("Cyclic directory structure directed: children "
-                             "of \"%"TS"\" coincide with children of \"%"TS"\"",
-                             dentry_full_path(dentry),
-                             dentry_full_path(parent));
-                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
-               }
+       /* Disallow extremely deep or cyclic directory structures  */
+       if (unlikely(depth >= 16384)) {
+               ERROR("Directory structure too deep!");
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
        }
 
-       /* Find and read all the children of @dentry. */
        for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
+               struct wim_dentry *duplicate;
+               int ret;
 
-               /* Read next child of @dentry into @cur_child. */
-               ret = read_dentry(metadata_resource, metadata_resource_len,
-                                 cur_offset, &cur_child);
+               /* Read next child of @dir.  */
+               ret = read_dentry(buf, buf_len, &cur_offset, &child);
                if (ret)
-                       break;
-
-               /* Check for end of directory. */
-               if (cur_child.length == 0)
-                       break;
-
-               /* Not end of directory.  Allocate this child permanently and
-                * link it to the parent and previous child. */
-               child = memdup(&cur_child, sizeof(struct wim_dentry));
-               if (child == NULL) {
-                       ERROR("Failed to allocate new dentry!");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       break;
-               }
+                       return ret;
 
-               /* Advance to the offset of the next child.  Note: We need to
-                * advance by the TOTAL length of the dentry, not by the length
-                * cur_child.length, which although it does take into account
-                * the padding, it DOES NOT take into account alternate stream
-                * entries. */
-               cur_offset += dentry_in_total_length(child);
+               /* Check for end of directory.  */
+               if (child == NULL)
+                       return 0;
 
+               /* All dentries except the root should be named.  */
                if (unlikely(!dentry_has_long_name(child))) {
                        WARNING("Ignoring unnamed dentry in "
-                               "directory \"%"TS"\"",
-                               dentry_full_path(dentry));
+                               "directory \"%"TS"\"", dentry_full_path(dir));
+                       free_dentry(child);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* Don't allow files named "." or "..".  */
+               if (unlikely(dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(child))) {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring file named \".\" or \"..\"; "
+                               "potentially malicious archive!!!");
                        free_dentry(child);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               duplicate = dentry_add_child(dentry, child);
+               /* Link the child into the directory.  */
+               duplicate = dentry_add_child(dir, child);
                if (unlikely(duplicate)) {
-                       const tchar *child_type, *duplicate_type;
-                       child_type = dentry_get_file_type_string(child);
-                       duplicate_type = dentry_get_file_type_string(duplicate);
-                       WARNING("Ignoring duplicate %"TS" \"%"TS"\" "
-                               "(the WIM image already contains a %"TS" "
+                       /* We already found a dentry with this same
+                        * case-sensitive long name.  Only keep the first one.
+                        */
+                       WARNING("Ignoring duplicate file \"%"TS"\" "
+                               "(the WIM image already contains a file "
                                "at that path with the exact same name)",
-                               child_type, dentry_full_path(duplicate),
-                               duplicate_type);
+                               dentry_full_path(duplicate));
                        free_dentry(child);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               inode_add_dentry(child, child->d_inode);
-               /* If there are children of this child, call this
-                * procedure recursively. */
-               if (child->subdir_offset != 0) {
+               /* If this child is a directory that itself has children, call
+                * this procedure recursively.  */
+               if (child->d_subdir_offset != 0) {
                        if (likely(dentry_is_directory(child))) {
-                               ret = read_dentry_tree(metadata_resource,
-                                                      metadata_resource_len,
-                                                      child);
+                               ret = read_dentry_tree_recursive(buf,
+                                                                buf_len,
+                                                                child,
+                                                                depth + 1);
                                if (ret)
-                                       break;
+                                       return ret;
                        } else {
-                               WARNING("Ignoring children of non-directory \"%"TS"\"",
+                               WARNING("Ignoring children of "
+                                       "non-directory file \"%"TS"\"",
                                        dentry_full_path(child));
                        }
                }
        }
-       return ret;
 }
 
 /*
- * Writes a WIM alternate data stream (ADS) entry to an output buffer.
+ * Read a tree of dentries from a WIM metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @buf:
+ *     Buffer containing an uncompressed WIM metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @buf_len:
+ *     Length of the uncompressed metadata resource, in bytes.
+ *
+ * @root_offset
+ *     Offset in the metadata resource of the root of the dentry tree.
  *
- * @ads_entry:  The ADS entry structure.
- * @hash:       The hash field to use (instead of the one in the ADS entry).
- * @p:          The memory location to write the data to.
+ * @root_ret:
+ *     On success, either NULL or a pointer to the root dentry is written to
+ *     this location.  The former case only occurs in the unexpected case that
+ *     the tree began with an end-of-directory entry.
  *
- * Returns a pointer to the byte after the last byte written.
+ * Return values:
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM
  */
+int
+read_dentry_tree(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_len,
+                u64 root_offset, struct wim_dentry **root_ret)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *root;
+
+       ret = read_dentry(buf, buf_len, &root_offset, &root);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       if (likely(root != NULL)) {
+               if (unlikely(dentry_has_long_name(root) ||
+                            dentry_has_short_name(root)))
+               {
+                       WARNING("The root directory has a nonempty name; "
+                               "removing it.");
+                       dentry_set_name(root, NULL);
+               }
+
+               if (unlikely(!dentry_is_directory(root))) {
+                       ERROR("The root of the WIM image is not a directory!");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+                       goto err_free_dentry_tree;
+               }
+
+               if (likely(root->d_subdir_offset != 0)) {
+                       ret = read_dentry_tree_recursive(buf, buf_len, root, 0);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto err_free_dentry_tree;
+               }
+       } else {
+               WARNING("The metadata resource has no directory entries; "
+                       "treating as an empty image.");
+       }
+       *root_ret = root;
+       return 0;
+
+err_free_dentry_tree:
+       free_dentry_tree(root, NULL);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 static u8 *
-write_ads_entry(const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry,
-               const u8 *hash, u8 * restrict p)
+write_extra_stream_entry(u8 * restrict p, const utf16lechar * restrict name,
+                        const u8 * restrict hash)
 {
-       struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk *disk_ads_entry =
-                       (struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk*)p;
+       struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk *disk_strm =
+                       (struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk *)p;
        u8 *orig_p = p;
+       size_t name_nbytes;
 
-       disk_ads_entry->reserved = cpu_to_le64(ads_entry->reserved);
-       copy_hash(disk_ads_entry->hash, hash);
-       disk_ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes);
-       p += sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk);
-       if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes) {
-               p = mempcpy(p, ads_entry->stream_name,
-                           ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes + 2);
-       }
+       if (name == NO_STREAM_NAME)
+               name_nbytes = 0;
+       else
+               name_nbytes = utf16le_len_bytes(name);
+
+       disk_strm->reserved = 0;
+       copy_hash(disk_strm->hash, hash);
+       disk_strm->name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(name_nbytes);
+       p += sizeof(struct wim_extra_stream_entry_on_disk);
+       if (name_nbytes != 0)
+               p = mempcpy(p, name, name_nbytes + 2);
        /* Align to 8-byte boundary */
        while ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
                *p++ = 0;
-       disk_ads_entry->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
+       disk_strm->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
        return p;
 }
 
 /*
- * Writes a WIM dentry to an output buffer.
+ * Write a WIM dentry to an output buffer.
+ *
+ * This includes any extra stream entries that may follow the dentry itself.
  *
- * @dentry:  The dentry structure.
- * @p:       The memory location to write the data to.
+ * @dentry:
+ *     The dentry to write.
+ *
+ * @p:
+ *     The memory location to which to write the data.
  *
- * Returns the pointer to the byte after the last byte we wrote as part of the
- * dentry, including any alternate data stream entries.
+ * Returns a pointer to the byte following the last written.
  */
 static u8 *
 write_dentry(const struct wim_dentry * restrict dentry, u8 * restrict p)
@@ -2232,567 +1735,177 @@ write_dentry(const struct wim_dentry * restrict dentry, u8 * restrict p)
        const struct wim_inode *inode;
        struct wim_dentry_on_disk *disk_dentry;
        const u8 *orig_p;
-       const u8 *hash;
-       bool use_dummy_stream;
-       u16 num_ads;
 
        wimlib_assert(((uintptr_t)p & 7) == 0); /* 8 byte aligned */
        orig_p = p;
 
        inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       use_dummy_stream = inode_needs_dummy_stream(inode);
        disk_dentry = (struct wim_dentry_on_disk*)p;
 
        disk_dentry->attributes = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_attributes);
        disk_dentry->security_id = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_security_id);
-       disk_dentry->subdir_offset = cpu_to_le64(dentry->subdir_offset);
-       disk_dentry->unused_1 = cpu_to_le64(dentry->d_unused_1);
-       disk_dentry->unused_2 = cpu_to_le64(dentry->d_unused_2);
+       disk_dentry->subdir_offset = cpu_to_le64(dentry->d_subdir_offset);
+
+       disk_dentry->unused_1 = cpu_to_le64(0);
+       disk_dentry->unused_2 = cpu_to_le64(0);
+
        disk_dentry->creation_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_creation_time);
        disk_dentry->last_access_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_last_access_time);
        disk_dentry->last_write_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_last_write_time);
-       if (use_dummy_stream)
-               hash = zero_hash;
-       else
-               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, 0);
-       copy_hash(disk_dentry->unnamed_stream_hash, hash);
+       disk_dentry->unknown_0x54 = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_unknown_0x54);
        if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_1 = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_rp_unknown_1);
                disk_dentry->reparse.reparse_tag = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_reparse_tag);
-               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_2 = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_rp_unknown_2);
-               disk_dentry->reparse.not_rpfixed = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_not_rpfixed);
+               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_reserved = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_rp_reserved);
+               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_flags = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_rp_flags);
        } else {
-               disk_dentry->nonreparse.rp_unknown_1 = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_rp_unknown_1);
                disk_dentry->nonreparse.hard_link_group_id =
                        cpu_to_le64((inode->i_nlink == 1) ? 0 : inode->i_ino);
        }
-       num_ads = inode->i_num_ads;
-       if (use_dummy_stream)
-               num_ads++;
-       disk_dentry->num_alternate_data_streams = cpu_to_le16(num_ads);
-       disk_dentry->short_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->short_name_nbytes);
-       disk_dentry->file_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+
+       disk_dentry->short_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->d_short_name_nbytes);
+       disk_dentry->name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->d_name_nbytes);
        p += sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
 
        wimlib_assert(dentry_is_root(dentry) != dentry_has_long_name(dentry));
 
        if (dentry_has_long_name(dentry))
-               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes + 2);
+               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->d_name, (u32)dentry->d_name_nbytes + 2);
 
        if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry))
-               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->short_name, dentry->short_name_nbytes + 2);
+               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->d_short_name, (u32)dentry->d_short_name_nbytes + 2);
 
        /* Align to 8-byte boundary */
        while ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
                *p++ = 0;
 
-       /* We calculate the correct length of the dentry ourselves because the
-        * dentry->length field may been set to an unexpected value from when we
-        * read the dentry in (for example, there may have been unknown data
-        * appended to the end of the dentry...).  Furthermore, the dentry may
-        * have been renamed, thus changing its needed length. */
-       disk_dentry->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
-
-       if (use_dummy_stream) {
-               hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
-               p = write_ads_entry(&(struct wim_ads_entry){}, hash, p);
-       }
+       if (inode->i_extra) {
+               /* Extra tagged items --- not usually present.  */
+               p = mempcpy(p, inode->i_extra->data, inode->i_extra->size);
 
-       /* Write the alternate data streams entries, if any. */
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, i + 1);
-               p = write_ads_entry(&inode->i_ads_entries[i], hash, p);
+               /* Align to 8-byte boundary */
+               while ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
+                       *p++ = 0;
        }
 
-       return p;
-}
-
-static int
-write_dentry_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_p)
-{
-       u8 **p = _p;
-       *p = write_dentry(dentry, *p);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static u8 *
-write_dentry_tree_recursive(const struct wim_dentry *parent, u8 *p);
-
-static int
-write_dentry_tree_recursive_cb(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_p)
-{
-       u8 **p = _p;
-       *p = write_dentry_tree_recursive(dentry, *p);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Recursive function that writes a dentry tree rooted at @parent, not including
- * @parent itself, which has already been written. */
-static u8 *
-write_dentry_tree_recursive(const struct wim_dentry *parent, u8 *p)
-{
-       /* Nothing to do if this dentry has no children. */
-       if (parent->subdir_offset == 0)
-               return p;
-
-       /* Write child dentries and end-of-directory entry.
-        *
-        * Note: we need to write all of this dentry's children before
-        * recursively writing the directory trees rooted at each of the child
-        * dentries, since the on-disk dentries for a dentry's children are
-        * always located at consecutive positions in the metadata resource! */
-       for_dentry_child(parent, write_dentry_cb, &p);
-
-       /* write end of directory entry */
-       *(le64*)p = cpu_to_le64(0);
-       p += 8;
-
-       /* Recurse on children. */
-       for_dentry_child(parent, write_dentry_tree_recursive_cb, &p);
-       return p;
-}
-
-/* Writes a directory tree to the metadata resource.
- *
- * @root:      Root of the dentry tree.
- * @p:         Pointer to a buffer with enough space for the dentry tree.
- *
- * Returns pointer to the byte after the last byte we wrote.
- */
-u8 *
-write_dentry_tree(const struct wim_dentry * restrict root, u8 * restrict p)
-{
-       DEBUG("Writing dentry tree.");
-       wimlib_assert(dentry_is_root(root));
-
-       /* If we're the root dentry, we have no parent that already
-        * wrote us, so we need to write ourselves. */
-       p = write_dentry(root, p);
-
-       /* Write end of directory entry after the root dentry just to be safe;
-        * however the root dentry obviously cannot have any siblings. */
-       *(le64*)p = cpu_to_le64(0);
-       p += 8;
-
-       /* Recursively write the rest of the dentry tree. */
-       return write_dentry_tree_recursive(root, p);
-}
-
-
-static int
-init_wimlib_dentry(struct wimlib_dir_entry *wdentry,
-                  struct wim_dentry *dentry,
-                  const WIMStruct *wim,
-                  int flags)
-{
-       int ret;
-       size_t dummy;
-       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
-       const u8 *hash;
-
-#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-       wdentry->filename = dentry->file_name;
-       wdentry->dos_name = dentry->short_name;
-#else
-       if (dentry_has_long_name(dentry)) {
-               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(dentry->file_name,
-                                     dentry->file_name_nbytes,
-                                     (tchar**)&wdentry->filename,
-                                     &dummy);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry)) {
-               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(dentry->short_name,
-                                     dentry->short_name_nbytes,
-                                     (tchar**)&wdentry->dos_name,
-                                     &dummy);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       }
-#endif
-       ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-       wdentry->full_path = dentry->_full_path;
+       disk_dentry->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
 
-       for (struct wim_dentry *d = dentry; !dentry_is_root(d); d = d->parent)
-               wdentry->depth++;
+       /* Streams  */
 
-       if (inode->i_security_id >= 0) {
-               const struct wim_security_data *sd = wim_const_security_data(wim);
-               wdentry->security_descriptor = sd->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
-               wdentry->security_descriptor_size = sd->sizes[inode->i_security_id];
-       }
-       wdentry->reparse_tag = inode->i_reparse_tag;
-       wdentry->num_links = inode->i_nlink;
-       wdentry->attributes = inode->i_attributes;
-       wdentry->hard_link_group_id = inode->i_ino;
-       wdentry->creation_time = wim_timestamp_to_timespec(inode->i_creation_time);
-       wdentry->last_write_time = wim_timestamp_to_timespec(inode->i_last_write_time);
-       wdentry->last_access_time = wim_timestamp_to_timespec(inode->i_last_access_time);
-
-       lte = inode_unnamed_lte(inode, wim->lookup_table);
-       if (lte) {
-               lte_to_wimlib_resource_entry(lte, &wdentry->streams[0].resource);
-       } else if (!is_zero_hash(hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode))) {
-               if (flags & WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_RESOURCES_NEEDED)
-                       return resource_not_found_error(inode, hash);
-               copy_hash(wdentry->streams[0].resource.sha1_hash, hash);
-               wdentry->streams[0].resource.is_missing = 1;
-       }
+       if (unlikely(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED)) {
+               const struct wim_inode_stream *efs_strm;
+               const u8 *efs_hash;
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               if (!ads_entry_is_named_stream(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]))
-                       continue;
-               lte = inode_stream_lte(inode, i + 1, wim->lookup_table);
-               wdentry->num_named_streams++;
-               if (lte) {
-                       lte_to_wimlib_resource_entry(lte, &wdentry->streams[
-                                                               wdentry->num_named_streams].resource);
-               } else if (!is_zero_hash(hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, i + 1))) {
-                       if (flags & WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_RESOURCES_NEEDED)
-                               return resource_not_found_error(inode, hash);
-                       copy_hash(wdentry->streams[
-                                 wdentry->num_named_streams].resource.sha1_hash, hash);
-                       wdentry->streams[
-                               wdentry->num_named_streams].resource.is_missing = 1;
+               efs_strm = inode_get_unnamed_stream(inode, STREAM_TYPE_EFSRPC_RAW_DATA);
+               efs_hash = efs_strm ? stream_hash(efs_strm) : zero_hash;
+               copy_hash(disk_dentry->default_hash, efs_hash);
+               disk_dentry->num_extra_streams = cpu_to_le16(0);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * Extra stream entries:
+                *
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for each named data stream
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for the unnamed data stream when there is either:
+                *      - a reparse point stream
+                *      - at least one named data stream (for Windows PE bug workaround)
+                * - Use one extra stream entry for the reparse point stream if there is one
+                */
+               bool have_named_data_stream = false;
+               bool have_reparse_point_stream = false;
+               const u8 *unnamed_data_stream_hash = zero_hash;
+               const u8 *reparse_point_hash;
+               for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+                       const struct wim_inode_stream *strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+                       if (strm->stream_type == STREAM_TYPE_DATA) {
+                               if (stream_is_named(strm))
+                                       have_named_data_stream = true;
+                               else
+                                       unnamed_data_stream_hash = stream_hash(strm);
+                       } else if (strm->stream_type == STREAM_TYPE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+                               have_reparse_point_stream = true;
+                               reparse_point_hash = stream_hash(strm);
+                       }
                }
-       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-               wdentry->streams[wdentry->num_named_streams].stream_name =
-                               inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name;
-       #else
-               size_t dummy;
-
-               ret = utf16le_to_tstr(inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name,
-                                     inode->i_ads_entries[i].stream_name_nbytes,
-                                     (tchar**)&wdentry->streams[
-                                               wdentry->num_named_streams].stream_name,
-                                     &dummy);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-       #endif
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static void
-free_wimlib_dentry(struct wimlib_dir_entry *wdentry)
-{
-#if !TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
-       FREE((tchar*)wdentry->filename);
-       FREE((tchar*)wdentry->dos_name);
-       for (unsigned i = 1; i <= wdentry->num_named_streams; i++)
-               FREE((tchar*)wdentry->streams[i].stream_name);
-#endif
-       FREE(wdentry);
-}
-
-struct iterate_dir_tree_ctx {
-       WIMStruct *wim;
-       int flags;
-       wimlib_iterate_dir_tree_callback_t cb;
-       void *user_ctx;
-};
-
-static int
-do_iterate_dir_tree(WIMStruct *wim,
-                   struct wim_dentry *dentry, int flags,
-                   wimlib_iterate_dir_tree_callback_t cb,
-                   void *user_ctx);
-
-static int
-call_do_iterate_dir_tree(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ctx)
-{
-       struct iterate_dir_tree_ctx *ctx = _ctx;
-       return do_iterate_dir_tree(ctx->wim, dentry, ctx->flags,
-                                  ctx->cb, ctx->user_ctx);
-}
-
-static int
-do_iterate_dir_tree(WIMStruct *wim,
-                   struct wim_dentry *dentry, int flags,
-                   wimlib_iterate_dir_tree_callback_t cb,
-                   void *user_ctx)
-{
-       struct wimlib_dir_entry *wdentry;
-       int ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-
-
-       wdentry = CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct wimlib_dir_entry) +
-                                 (1 + dentry->d_inode->i_num_ads) *
-                                       sizeof(struct wimlib_stream_entry));
-       if (wdentry == NULL)
-               goto out;
-
-       ret = init_wimlib_dentry(wdentry, dentry, wim, flags);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_wimlib_dentry;
-
-       if (!(flags & WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_CHILDREN)) {
-               ret = (*cb)(wdentry, user_ctx);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_free_wimlib_dentry;
-       }
-
-       if (flags & (WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_RECURSIVE |
-                    WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_CHILDREN))
-       {
-               struct iterate_dir_tree_ctx ctx = {
-                       .wim      = wim,
-                       .flags    = flags &= ~WIMLIB_ITERATE_DIR_TREE_FLAG_CHILDREN,
-                       .cb       = cb,
-                       .user_ctx = user_ctx,
-               };
-               ret = for_dentry_child(dentry, call_do_iterate_dir_tree, &ctx);
-       }
-out_free_wimlib_dentry:
-       free_wimlib_dentry(wdentry);
-out:
-       return ret;
-}
 
-struct image_iterate_dir_tree_ctx {
-       const tchar *path;
-       int flags;
-       wimlib_iterate_dir_tree_callback_t cb;
-       void *user_ctx;
-};
+               if (unlikely(have_reparse_point_stream || have_named_data_stream)) {
 
+                       unsigned num_extra_streams = 0;
 
-static int
-image_do_iterate_dir_tree(WIMStruct *wim)
-{
-       struct image_iterate_dir_tree_ctx *ctx = wim->private;
-       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+                       copy_hash(disk_dentry->default_hash, zero_hash);
 
-       dentry = get_dentry(wim, ctx->path);
-       if (dentry == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_PATH_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-       return do_iterate_dir_tree(wim, dentry, ctx->flags, ctx->cb, ctx->user_ctx);
-}
+                       if (have_reparse_point_stream) {
+                               p = write_extra_stream_entry(p, NO_STREAM_NAME,
+                                                            reparse_point_hash);
+                               num_extra_streams++;
+                       }
 
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_iterate_dir_tree(WIMStruct *wim, int image, const tchar *path,
-                       int flags,
-                       wimlib_iterate_dir_tree_callback_t cb, void *user_ctx)
-{
-       struct image_iterate_dir_tree_ctx ctx = {
-               .path = path,
-               .flags = flags,
-               .cb = cb,
-               .user_ctx = user_ctx,
-       };
-       wim->private = &ctx;
-       return for_image(wim, image, image_do_iterate_dir_tree);
-}
+                       p = write_extra_stream_entry(p, NO_STREAM_NAME,
+                                                    unnamed_data_stream_hash);
+                       num_extra_streams++;
+
+                       for (unsigned i = 0; i < inode->i_num_streams; i++) {
+                               const struct wim_inode_stream *strm = &inode->i_streams[i];
+                               if (stream_is_named_data_stream(strm)) {
+                                       p = write_extra_stream_entry(p, strm->stream_name,
+                                                                    stream_hash(strm));
+                                       num_extra_streams++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       wimlib_assert(num_extra_streams <= 0xFFFF);
 
-/* Returns %true iff the metadata of @inode and @template_inode are reasonably
- * consistent with them being the same, unmodified file.  */
-static bool
-inode_metadata_consistent(const struct wim_inode *inode,
-                         const struct wim_inode *template_inode,
-                         const struct wim_lookup_table *template_lookup_table)
-{
-       /* Must have exact same creation time and last write time.  */
-       if (inode->i_creation_time != template_inode->i_creation_time ||
-           inode->i_last_write_time != template_inode->i_last_write_time)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Last access time may have stayed the same or increased, but certainly
-        * shouldn't have decreased.  */
-       if (inode->i_last_access_time < template_inode->i_last_access_time)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Must have same number of alternate data stream entries.  */
-       if (inode->i_num_ads != template_inode->i_num_ads)
-               return false;
-
-       /* If the stream entries for the inode are for some reason not resolved,
-        * then the hashes are already available and the point of this function
-        * is defeated.  */
-       if (!inode->i_resolved)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Iterate through each stream and do some more checks.  */
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *template_lte;
-
-               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
-               template_lte = inode_stream_lte(template_inode, i,
-                                               template_lookup_table);
-
-               /* Compare stream sizes.  */
-               if (lte && template_lte) {
-                       if (lte->size != template_lte->size)
-                               return false;
-
-                       /* If hash happens to be available, compare with template.  */
-                       if (!lte->unhashed && !template_lte->unhashed &&
-                           !hashes_equal(lte->hash, template_lte->hash))
-                               return false;
-
-               } else if (lte && lte->size) {
-                       return false;
-               } else if (template_lte && template_lte->size) {
-                       return false;
+                       disk_dentry->num_extra_streams = cpu_to_le16(num_extra_streams);
+               } else {
+                       copy_hash(disk_dentry->default_hash, unnamed_data_stream_hash);
+                       disk_dentry->num_extra_streams = cpu_to_le16(0);
                }
        }
 
-       /* All right, barring a full checksum and given that the inodes share a
-        * path and the user isn't trying to trick us, these inodes most likely
-        * refer to the same file.  */
-       return true;
+       return p;
 }
 
-/**
- * Given an inode @inode that has been determined to be "the same" as another
- * inode @template_inode in either the same WIM or another WIM, retrieve some
- * useful stream information (e.g. checksums) from @template_inode.
- *
- * This assumes that the streams for @inode have been resolved (to point
- * directly to the appropriate `struct wim_lookup_table_entry's)  but do not
- * necessarily have checksum information filled in.
- */
 static int
-inode_copy_checksums(struct wim_inode *inode,
-                    struct wim_inode *template_inode,
-                    WIMStruct *wim,
-                    WIMStruct *template_wim)
+write_dir_dentries(struct wim_dentry *dir, void *_pp)
 {
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i <= inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte, *template_lte;
-               struct wim_lookup_table_entry *replace_lte;
-
-               lte = inode_stream_lte_resolved(inode, i);
-               template_lte = inode_stream_lte(template_inode, i,
-                                               template_wim->lookup_table);
-
-               /* Only take action if both entries exist, the entry for @inode
-                * has no checksum calculated, but the entry for @template_inode
-                * does.  */
-               if (lte == NULL || template_lte == NULL ||
-                   !lte->unhashed || template_lte->unhashed)
-                       continue;
-
-               wimlib_assert(lte->refcnt == inode->i_nlink);
-
-               /* If the WIM of the template image is the same as the WIM of
-                * the new image, then @template_lte can be used directly.
-                *
-                * Otherwise, look for a stream with the same hash in the WIM of
-                * the new image.  If found, use it; otherwise re-use the entry
-                * being discarded, filling in the hash.  */
-
-               if (wim == template_wim)
-                       replace_lte = template_lte;
-               else
-                       replace_lte = lookup_resource(wim->lookup_table,
-                                                     template_lte->hash);
-
-               list_del(&lte->unhashed_list);
-               if (replace_lte) {
-                       free_lookup_table_entry(lte);
-               } else {
-                       copy_hash(lte->hash, template_lte->hash);
-                       lte->unhashed = 0;
-                       lookup_table_insert(wim->lookup_table, lte);
-                       lte->refcnt = 0;
-                       replace_lte = lte;
-               }
+       if (dir->d_subdir_offset != 0) {
+               u8 **pp = _pp;
+               u8 *p = *pp;
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-               if (i == 0)
-                       inode->i_lte = replace_lte;
-               else
-                       inode->i_ads_entries[i - 1].lte = replace_lte;
+               /* write child dentries */
+               for_dentry_child(child, dir)
+                       p = write_dentry(child, p);
 
-               replace_lte->refcnt += inode->i_nlink;
+               /* write end of directory entry */
+               *(u64*)p = 0;
+               p += 8;
+               *pp = p;
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
-struct reference_template_args {
-       WIMStruct *wim;
-       WIMStruct *template_wim;
-};
-
-static int
-dentry_reference_template(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_args)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_dentry *template_dentry;
-       struct wim_inode *inode, *template_inode;
-       struct reference_template_args *args = _args;
-       WIMStruct *wim = args->wim;
-       WIMStruct *template_wim = args->template_wim;
-
-       if (dentry->d_inode->i_visited)
-               return 0;
-
-       ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
-
-       template_dentry = get_dentry(template_wim, dentry->_full_path);
-       if (template_dentry == NULL) {
-               DEBUG("\"%"TS"\": newly added file", dentry->_full_path);
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       inode = dentry->d_inode;
-       template_inode = template_dentry->d_inode;
-
-       if (inode_metadata_consistent(inode, template_inode,
-                                     template_wim->lookup_table)) {
-               /*DEBUG("\"%"TS"\": No change detected", dentry->_full_path);*/
-               ret = inode_copy_checksums(inode, template_inode,
-                                          wim, template_wim);
-               inode->i_visited = 1;
-       } else {
-               DEBUG("\"%"TS"\": change detected!", dentry->_full_path);
-               ret = 0;
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* API function documented in wimlib.h  */
-WIMLIBAPI int
-wimlib_reference_template_image(WIMStruct *wim, int new_image,
-                               WIMStruct *template_wim, int template_image,
-                               int flags, wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func)
+/*
+ * Write a directory tree to the metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @root:
+ *     The root of a dentry tree on which calculate_subdir_offsets() has been
+ *     called.  This cannot be NULL; if the dentry tree is empty, the caller is
+ *     expected to first generate a dummy root directory.
+ *
+ * @p:
+ *     Pointer to a buffer with enough space for the dentry tree.  This size
+ *     must have been obtained by calculate_subdir_offsets().
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the byte following the last written.
+ */
+u8 *
+write_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry *root, u8 *p)
 {
-       int ret;
-       struct wim_image_metadata *new_imd;
-
-       if (wim == NULL || template_wim == NULL)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       if (wim == template_wim && new_image == template_image)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       if (new_image < 1 || new_image > wim->hdr.image_count)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
-
-       if (!wim_has_metadata(wim))
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_METADATA_NOT_FOUND;
-
-       new_imd = wim->image_metadata[new_image - 1];
-       if (!new_imd->modified)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-       ret = select_wim_image(template_wim, template_image);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       /* write root dentry and end-of-directory entry following it */
+       p = write_dentry(root, p);
+       *(u64*)p = 0;
+       p += 8;
 
-       struct reference_template_args args = {
-               .wim = wim,
-               .template_wim = template_wim,
-       };
+       /* write the rest of the dentry tree */
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, write_dir_dentries, &p);
 
-       ret = for_dentry_in_tree(new_imd->root_dentry,
-                                dentry_reference_template, &args);
-       dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(new_imd->root_dentry);
-       return ret;
+       return p;
 }