]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - src/dentry.c
Remove dentry_get_file_type_string()
[wimlib] / src / dentry.c
index d8b3e60edd156a68e4c532131b0b437537b1c824..a90934672185d69ad67221d8f53fb007c81a4fb5 100644 (file)
 /*
  * dentry.c
  *
- * A dentry (directory entry) contains the metadata for a file.  In the WIM file
- * format, the dentries are stored in the "metadata resource" section right
- * after the security data.  Each image in the WIM file has its own metadata
- * resource with its own security data and dentry tree.  Dentries in different
- * images may share file resources by referring to the same lookup table
- * entries.
+ * In the WIM file format, the dentries are stored in the "metadata resource"
+ * section right after the security data.  Each image in the WIM file has its
+ * own metadata resource with its own security data and dentry tree.  Dentries
+ * in different images may share file resources by referring to the same lookup
+ * table entries.
  */
 
 /*
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Carl Thijssen
- * Copyright (C) 2012 Eric Biggers
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Eric Biggers
  *
  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  *
  * wimlib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
- * terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
- * Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
- * any later version.
+ * terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+ * version.
  *
  * wimlib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
  * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
- * details.
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "wimlib.h"
+#include "wimlib/case.h"
+#include "wimlib/dentry.h"
+#include "wimlib/encoding.h"
+#include "wimlib/endianness.h"
+#include "wimlib/error.h"
+#include "wimlib/lookup_table.h"
+#include "wimlib/metadata.h"
+#include "wimlib/paths.h"
+#include "wimlib/resource.h"
+#include "wimlib/security.h"
+#include "wimlib/sha1.h"
+#include "wimlib/timestamp.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "wimlib_internal.h"
-#include "dentry.h"
-#include "io.h"
-#include "timestamp.h"
-#include "lookup_table.h"
-#include "sha1.h"
+/* On-disk format of a WIM dentry (directory entry), located in the metadata
+ * resource for a WIM image.  */
+struct wim_dentry_on_disk {
 
-/*
- * Returns true if @dentry has the UTF-8 file name @name that has length
- * @name_len.
- */
-static bool dentry_has_name(const struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, 
-                           size_t name_len)
+       /* Length of this directory entry in bytes, not including any alternate
+        * data stream entries.  Should be a multiple of 8 so that the following
+        * dentry or alternate data stream entry is aligned on an 8-byte
+        * boundary.  (If not, wimlib will round it up.)  It must be at least as
+        * long as the fixed-length fields of the dentry (WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE),
+        * plus the lengths of the file name and/or short name if present.
+        *
+        * It is also possible for this field to be 0.  This situation, which is
+        * undocumented, indicates the end of a list of sibling nodes in a
+        * directory.  It also means the real length is 8, because the dentry
+        * included only the length field, but that takes up 8 bytes.  */
+       le64 length;
+
+       /* Attributes of the file or directory.  This is a bitwise OR of the
+        * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_* constants and should correspond to the value
+        * retrieved by GetFileAttributes() on Windows. */
+       le32 attributes;
+
+       /* A value that specifies the security descriptor for this file or
+        * directory.  If -1, the file or directory has no security descriptor.
+        * Otherwise, it is a 0-based index into the WIM image's table of
+        * security descriptors (see: `struct wim_security_data') */
+       sle32 security_id;
+
+       /* Offset, in bytes, from the start of the uncompressed metadata
+        * resource of this directory's child directory entries, or 0 if this
+        * directory entry does not correspond to a directory or otherwise does
+        * not have any children. */
+       le64 subdir_offset;
+
+       /* Reserved fields */
+       le64 unused_1;
+       le64 unused_2;
+
+
+       /* Creation time, last access time, and last write time, in
+        * 100-nanosecond intervals since 12:00 a.m UTC January 1, 1601.  They
+        * should correspond to the times gotten by calling GetFileTime() on
+        * Windows. */
+       le64 creation_time;
+       le64 last_access_time;
+       le64 last_write_time;
+
+       /* Vaguely, the SHA-1 message digest ("hash") of the file's contents.
+        * More specifically, this is for the "unnamed data stream" rather than
+        * any "alternate data streams".  This hash value is used to look up the
+        * corresponding entry in the WIM's stream lookup table to actually find
+        * the file contents within the WIM.
+        *
+        * If the file has no unnamed data stream (e.g. is a directory), then
+        * this field will be all zeroes.  If the unnamed data stream is empty
+        * (i.e. an "empty file"), then this field is also expected to be all
+        * zeroes.  (It will be if wimlib created the WIM image, at least;
+        * otherwise it can't be ruled out that the SHA-1 message digest of 0
+        * bytes of data is given explicitly.)
+        *
+        * If the file has reparse data, then this field will instead specify
+        * the SHA-1 message digest of the reparse data.  If it is somehow
+        * possible for a file to have both an unnamed data stream and reparse
+        * data, then this is not handled by wimlib.
+        *
+        * As a further special case, if this field is all zeroes but there is
+        * an alternate data stream entry with no name and a nonzero SHA-1
+        * message digest field, then that hash must be used instead of this
+        * one.  In fact, when named data streams are present, some versions of
+        * Windows PE contain a bug where they only look in the alternate data
+        * stream entries for the unnamed data stream, not here.
+        */
+       u8 unnamed_stream_hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
+
+       /* The format of the following data is not yet completely known and they
+        * do not correspond to Microsoft's documentation.
+        *
+        * If this directory entry is for a reparse point (has
+        * FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT set in the attributes field), then the
+        * version of the following fields containing the reparse tag is valid.
+        * Furthermore, the field notated as not_rpfixed, as far as I can tell,
+        * is supposed to be set to 1 if reparse point fixups (a.k.a. fixing the
+        * targets of absolute symbolic links) were *not* done, and otherwise 0.
+        *
+        * If this directory entry is not for a reparse point, then the version
+        * of the following fields containing the hard_link_group_id is valid.
+        * All MS says about this field is that "If this file is part of a hard
+        * link set, all the directory entries in the set will share the same
+        * value in this field.".  However, more specifically I have observed
+        * the following:
+        *    - If the file is part of a hard link set of size 1, then the
+        *    hard_link_group_id should be set to either 0, which is treated
+        *    specially as indicating "not hardlinked", or any unique value.
+        *    - The specific nonzero values used to identity hard link sets do
+        *    not matter, as long as they are unique.
+        *    - However, due to bugs in Microsoft's software, it is actually NOT
+        *    guaranteed that directory entries that share the same hard link
+        *    group ID are actually hard linked to each either.  We have to
+        *    handle this by using special code to use distinguishing features
+        *    (which is possible because some information about the underlying
+        *    inode is repeated in each dentry) to split up these fake hard link
+        *    groups into what they actually are supposed to be.
+        */
+       union {
+               struct {
+                       le32 rp_unknown_1;
+                       le32 reparse_tag;
+                       le16 rp_unknown_2;
+                       le16 not_rpfixed;
+               } _packed_attribute reparse;
+               struct {
+                       le32 rp_unknown_1;
+                       le64 hard_link_group_id;
+               } _packed_attribute nonreparse;
+       };
+
+       /* Number of alternate data stream entries that directly follow this
+        * dentry on-disk. */
+       le16 num_alternate_data_streams;
+
+       /* Length of this file's UTF-16LE encoded short name (8.3 DOS-compatible
+        * name), if present, in bytes, excluding the null terminator.  If this
+        * file has no short name, then this field should be 0.  */
+       le16 short_name_nbytes;
+
+       /* Length of this file's UTF-16LE encoded "long" name, excluding the
+        * null terminator.  If this file has no short name, then this field
+        * should be 0.  It's expected that only the root dentry has this field
+        * set to 0.  */
+       le16 file_name_nbytes;
+
+       /* Followed by variable length file name, in UTF16-LE, if
+        * file_name_nbytes != 0.  Includes null terminator. */
+       /*utf16lechar file_name[];*/
+
+       /* Followed by variable length short name, in UTF16-LE, if
+        * short_name_nbytes != 0.  Includes null terminator. */
+       /*utf16lechar short_name[];*/
+} _packed_attribute;
+
+/* Calculates the unaligned length, in bytes, of an on-disk WIM dentry that has
+ * a file name and short name that take the specified numbers of bytes.  This
+ * excludes any alternate data stream entries that may follow the dentry. */
+static u64
+dentry_correct_length_unaligned(u16 file_name_nbytes, u16 short_name_nbytes)
 {
-       if (dentry->file_name_utf8_len != name_len)
-               return false;
-       return memcmp(dentry->file_name_utf8, name, name_len) == 0;
+       u64 length = sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
+       if (file_name_nbytes)
+               length += file_name_nbytes + 2;
+       if (short_name_nbytes)
+               length += short_name_nbytes + 2;
+       return length;
 }
 
-/* Real length of a dentry, including the alternate data stream entries, which
- * are not included in the dentry->length field... */
-u64 dentry_total_length(const struct dentry *dentry)
+/* Calculates the unaligned length, in bytes, of an on-disk WIM dentry, based on
+ * the file name length and short name length.  Note that dentry->length is
+ * ignored; also, this excludes any alternate data stream entries that may
+ * follow the dentry. */
+static u64
+dentry_correct_length_aligned(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       u64 length = (dentry->length + 7) & ~7;
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++)
-               length += ads_entry_length(&dentry->ads_entries[i]);
-       return length;
+       u64 len;
+
+       len = dentry_correct_length_unaligned(dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                             dentry->short_name_nbytes);
+       return (len + 7) & ~7;
 }
 
-/* Transfers file attributes from a `stat' buffer to a struct dentry. */
-void stbuf_to_dentry(const struct stat *stbuf, struct dentry *dentry)
+static int
+dentry_clear_short_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       if (S_ISLNK(stbuf->st_mode)) {
-               dentry->attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
-               dentry->reparse_tag = WIM_IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK;
-       } else if (S_ISDIR(stbuf->st_mode)) {
-               dentry->attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
-       } else {
-               dentry->attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry)) {
+               FREE(dentry->short_name);
+               dentry->short_name = NULL;
+               dentry->short_name_nbytes = 0;
        }
-       if (sizeof(ino_t) >= 8)
-               dentry->hard_link = (u64)stbuf->st_ino;
-       else
-               dentry->hard_link = (u64)stbuf->st_ino |
-                                  ((u64)stbuf->st_dev << (sizeof(ino_t) * 8));
-       /* Set timestamps */
-       dentry->creation_time = timespec_to_wim_timestamp(&stbuf->st_mtim);
-       dentry->last_write_time = timespec_to_wim_timestamp(&stbuf->st_mtim);
-       dentry->last_access_time = timespec_to_wim_timestamp(&stbuf->st_atim);
+       return 0;
 }
 
+/* Sets the name of a WIM dentry from a multibyte string.
+ * Only use this on dentries not inserted into the tree.  Use rename_wim_path()
+ * to do a real rename.  */
+int
+dentry_set_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *new_name)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = get_utf16le_string(new_name, &dentry->file_name,
+                                &dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-/* Makes all timestamp fields for the dentry be the current time. */
-void dentry_update_all_timestamps(struct dentry *dentry)
+       return dentry_clear_short_name(dentry);
+}
+
+/* Sets the name of a WIM dentry from a UTF-16LE string.
+ * Only use this on dentries not inserted into the tree.  Use rename_wim_path()
+ * to do a real rename.  */
+int
+dentry_set_name_utf16le(struct wim_dentry *dentry, const utf16lechar *new_name)
 {
-       u64 now = get_wim_timestamp();
-       dentry->creation_time    = now;
-       dentry->last_access_time = now;
-       dentry->last_write_time  = now;
+       utf16lechar *name = NULL;
+       size_t name_nbytes = 0;
+
+       if (new_name && *new_name) {
+               const utf16lechar *tmp;
+
+               tmp = new_name;
+               do {
+                       name_nbytes += sizeof(utf16lechar);
+               } while (*++tmp);
+
+               name = memdup(new_name, name_nbytes + sizeof(utf16lechar));
+               if (!name)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       FREE(dentry->file_name);
+       dentry->file_name = name;
+       dentry->file_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
+
+       return dentry_clear_short_name(dentry);
 }
 
-struct ads_entry *dentry_get_ads_entry(struct dentry *dentry,
-                                      const char *stream_name)
+/* Returns the total length of a WIM alternate data stream entry on-disk,
+ * including the stream name, the null terminator, AND the padding after the
+ * entry to align the next ADS entry or dentry on an 8-byte boundary. */
+static u64
+ads_entry_total_length(const struct wim_ads_entry *entry)
 {
-       size_t stream_name_len = strlen(stream_name);
-       if (!stream_name)
-               return NULL;
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++)
-               if (ads_entry_has_name(&dentry->ads_entries[i],
-                                      stream_name, stream_name_len))
-                       return &dentry->ads_entries[i];
-       return NULL;
+       u64 len = sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk);
+       if (entry->stream_name_nbytes)
+               len += entry->stream_name_nbytes + 2;
+       return (len + 7) & ~7;
 }
 
-static void ads_entry_init(struct ads_entry *ads_entry)
+/*
+ * Determine whether to include a "dummy" stream when writing a WIM dentry:
+ *
+ * Some versions of Microsoft's WIM software (the boot driver(s) in WinPE 3.0,
+ * for example) contain a bug where they assume the first alternate data stream
+ * (ADS) entry of a dentry with a nonzero ADS count specifies the unnamed
+ * stream, even if it has a name and the unnamed stream is already specified in
+ * the hash field of the dentry itself.
+ *
+ * wimlib has to work around this behavior by carefully emulating the behavior
+ * of (most versions of) ImageX/WIMGAPI, which move the unnamed stream reference
+ * into the alternate stream entries whenever there are named data streams, even
+ * though there is already a field in the dentry itself for the unnamed stream
+ * reference, which then goes to waste.
+ */
+static inline bool
+inode_needs_dummy_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode)
 {
-       memset(ads_entry, 0, sizeof(struct ads_entry));
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ads_entry->lte_group_list.list);
-       ads_entry->lte_group_list.type = STREAM_TYPE_ADS;
+       return (inode->i_num_ads > 0 &&
+               inode->i_num_ads < 0xffff && /* overflow check */
+               inode->i_canonical_streams); /* assume the dentry is okay if it
+                                               already had an unnamed ADS entry
+                                               when it was read in  */
 }
 
-/* Add an alternate stream entry to a dentry and return a pointer to it, or NULL
- * on failure. */
-struct ads_entry *dentry_add_ads(struct dentry *dentry, const char *stream_name)
+/* Calculate the total number of bytes that will be consumed when a WIM dentry
+ * is written.  This includes base dentry and name fields as well as all
+ * alternate data stream entries and alignment bytes.  */
+u64
+dentry_out_total_length(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       u16 num_ads;
-       struct ads_entry *ads_entries;
-       struct ads_entry *new_entry;
+       u64 length = dentry_correct_length_aligned(dentry);
+       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       DEBUG("Add alternate data stream %s:%s",
-              dentry->file_name_utf8, stream_name);
+       if (inode_needs_dummy_stream(inode))
+               length += ads_entry_total_length(&(struct wim_ads_entry){});
 
-       if (dentry->num_ads == 0xffff)
-               return NULL;
-       num_ads = dentry->num_ads + 1;
-       ads_entries = REALLOC(dentry->ads_entries,
-                             num_ads * sizeof(struct ads_entry));
-       if (!ads_entries)
-               return NULL;
-       if (ads_entries != dentry->ads_entries) {
-               /* We moved the ADS entries.  Adjust the stream lists. */
-               for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++) {
-                       struct list_head *cur = &ads_entries[i].lte_group_list.list;
-                       cur->prev->next = cur;
-                       cur->next->prev = cur;
-               }
-       }
+       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
+               length += ads_entry_total_length(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]);
 
-       new_entry = &ads_entries[num_ads - 1];
-       ads_entry_init(new_entry);
-       if (change_ads_name(new_entry, stream_name) != 0)
-               return NULL;
-       dentry->ads_entries = ads_entries;
-       dentry->num_ads = num_ads;
-       return new_entry;
+       return length;
 }
 
-void dentry_remove_ads(struct dentry *dentry, struct ads_entry *ads_entry)
+/* Calculate the aligned, total length of a dentry, including all alternate data
+ * stream entries.  Uses dentry->length.  */
+static u64
+dentry_in_total_length(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       u16 idx;
-       u16 following;
-
-       wimlib_assert(dentry->num_ads);
-       idx = ads_entry - dentry->ads_entries;
-       wimlib_assert(idx < dentry->num_ads);
-       following = dentry->num_ads - idx - 1;
-
-       destroy_ads_entry(ads_entry);
-       memcpy(ads_entry, ads_entry + 1, following * sizeof(struct ads_entry));
-
-       /* We moved the ADS entries.  Adjust the stream lists. */
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < following; i++) {
-               struct list_head *cur = &ads_entry[i].lte_group_list.list;
-               cur->prev->next = cur;
-               cur->next->prev = cur;
-       }
-
-       dentry->num_ads--;
+       u64 length = dentry->length;
+       const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++)
+               length += ads_entry_total_length(&inode->i_ads_entries[i]);
+       return (length + 7) & ~7;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Calls a function on all directory entries in a directory tree.  It is called
- * on a parent before its children.
- */
-int for_dentry_in_tree(struct dentry *root, 
-                      int (*visitor)(struct dentry*, void*), void *arg)
+static int
+do_for_dentry_in_tree(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                     int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct dentry *child;
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-       ret = visitor(root, arg);
-
-       if (ret != 0)
+       ret = (*visitor)(dentry, arg);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
                return ret;
 
-       child = root->children;
-
-       if (!child)
-               return 0;
-
-       do {
-               ret = for_dentry_in_tree(child, visitor, arg);
-               if (ret != 0)
+       for_dentry_child(child, dentry) {
+               ret = do_for_dentry_in_tree(child, visitor, arg);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
                        return ret;
-               child = child->next;
-       } while (child != root->children);
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Like for_dentry_in_tree(), but the visitor function is always called on a
- * dentry's children before on itself.
- */
-int for_dentry_in_tree_depth(struct dentry *root, 
-                            int (*visitor)(struct dentry*, void*), void *arg)
+
+static int
+do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                           int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct dentry *child;
-       struct dentry *next;
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-       child = root->children;
-       if (child) {
-               do {
-                       next = child->next;
-                       ret = for_dentry_in_tree_depth(child, visitor, arg);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       child = next;
-               } while (child != root->children);
+       for_dentry_child_postorder(child, dentry) {
+               ret = do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(child, visitor, arg);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
+                       return ret;
        }
-       return visitor(root, arg);
+       return unlikely((*visitor)(dentry, arg));
 }
 
-/* 
- * Calculate the full path of @dentry, based on its parent's full path and on
- * its UTF-8 file name. 
- */
-int calculate_dentry_full_path(struct dentry *dentry, void *ignore)
+/* Calls a function on all directory entries in a WIM dentry tree.  Logically,
+ * this is a pre-order traversal (the function is called on a parent dentry
+ * before its children), but sibling dentries will be visited in order as well.
+ * */
+int
+for_dentry_in_tree(struct wim_dentry *root,
+                  int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
 {
-       char *full_path;
-       u32 full_path_len;
+       if (unlikely(!root))
+               return 0;
+       return do_for_dentry_in_tree(root, visitor, arg);
+}
+
+/* Like for_dentry_in_tree(), but the visitor function is always called on a
+ * dentry's children before on itself. */
+int
+for_dentry_in_tree_depth(struct wim_dentry *root,
+                        int (*visitor)(struct wim_dentry *, void *), void *arg)
+{
+       if (unlikely(!root))
+               return 0;
+       return do_for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, visitor, arg);
+}
+
+/* Calculate the full path of @dentry.  */
+int
+calculate_dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       tchar *full_path;
+       u32 full_path_nbytes;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (dentry->_full_path)
+               return 0;
+
        if (dentry_is_root(dentry)) {
-               full_path = MALLOC(2);
-               if (!full_path)
-                       goto oom;
-               full_path[0] = '/';
-               full_path[1] = '\0';
-               full_path_len = 1;
+               static const tchar _root_path[] = {WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR, T('\0')};
+               full_path = TSTRDUP(_root_path);
+               if (full_path == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               full_path_nbytes = 1 * sizeof(tchar);
        } else {
-               char *parent_full_path;
-               u32 parent_full_path_len;
-               const struct dentry *parent = dentry->parent;
+               struct wim_dentry *parent;
+               tchar *parent_full_path;
+               u32 parent_full_path_nbytes;
+               size_t filename_nbytes;
 
+               parent = dentry->parent;
                if (dentry_is_root(parent)) {
-                       parent_full_path = "";
-                       parent_full_path_len = 0;
+                       parent_full_path = T("");
+                       parent_full_path_nbytes = 0;
                } else {
-                       parent_full_path = parent->full_path_utf8;
-                       parent_full_path_len = parent->full_path_utf8_len;
+                       if (parent->_full_path == NULL) {
+                               ret = calculate_dentry_full_path(parent);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       }
+                       parent_full_path = parent->_full_path;
+                       parent_full_path_nbytes = parent->full_path_nbytes;
                }
 
-               full_path_len = parent_full_path_len + 1 +
-                               dentry->file_name_utf8_len;
-               full_path = MALLOC(full_path_len + 1);
-               if (!full_path)
-                       goto oom;
-
-               memcpy(full_path, parent_full_path, parent_full_path_len);
-               full_path[parent_full_path_len] = '/';
-               memcpy(full_path + parent_full_path_len + 1,
-                      dentry->file_name_utf8,
-                      dentry->file_name_utf8_len);
-               full_path[full_path_len] = '\0';
+               /* Append this dentry's name as a tchar string to the full path
+                * of the parent followed by the path separator */
+       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
+               filename_nbytes = dentry->file_name_nbytes;
+       #else
+               {
+                       int ret = utf16le_to_tstr_nbytes(dentry->file_name,
+                                                        dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                                        &filename_nbytes);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+       #endif
+
+               full_path_nbytes = parent_full_path_nbytes + sizeof(tchar) +
+                                  filename_nbytes;
+               full_path = MALLOC(full_path_nbytes + sizeof(tchar));
+               if (full_path == NULL)
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+               memcpy(full_path, parent_full_path, parent_full_path_nbytes);
+               full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes / sizeof(tchar)] = WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR;
+       #if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
+               memcpy(&full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes / sizeof(tchar) + 1],
+                      dentry->file_name,
+                      filename_nbytes + sizeof(tchar));
+       #else
+               utf16le_to_tstr_buf(dentry->file_name,
+                                   dentry->file_name_nbytes,
+                                   &full_path[parent_full_path_nbytes /
+                                              sizeof(tchar) + 1]);
+       #endif
        }
-       FREE(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-       dentry->full_path_utf8 = full_path;
-       dentry->full_path_utf8_len = full_path_len;
+       dentry->_full_path = full_path;
+       dentry->full_path_nbytes= full_path_nbytes;
        return 0;
-oom:
-       ERROR("Out of memory while calculating dentry full path");
-       return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Recursively calculates the subdir offsets for a directory tree. 
- *
- * @dentry:  The root of the directory tree.
- * @subdir_offset_p:  The current subdirectory offset; i.e., the subdirectory
- *     offset for @dentry. 
- */
-void calculate_subdir_offsets(struct dentry *dentry, u64 *subdir_offset_p)
+tchar *
+dentry_full_path(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct dentry *child;
+       calculate_dentry_full_path(dentry);
+       return dentry->_full_path;
+}
 
-       child = dentry->children;
-       dentry->subdir_offset = *subdir_offset_p;
-       if (child) {
+static int
+dentry_calculate_subdir_offset(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_subdir_offset_p)
+{
 
-               /* Advance the subdir offset by the amount of space the children
-                * of this dentry take up. */
-               do {
-                       *subdir_offset_p += dentry_total_length(child);
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != dentry->children);
+       if (dentry_is_directory(dentry)) {
+               u64 *subdir_offset_p = _subdir_offset_p;
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-               /* End-of-directory dentry on disk. */
-               *subdir_offset_p += 8;
+               /* Set offset of directory's child dentries  */
+               dentry->subdir_offset = *subdir_offset_p;
 
-               /* Recursively call calculate_subdir_offsets() on all the
-                * children. */
-               do {
-                       calculate_subdir_offsets(child, subdir_offset_p);
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != dentry->children);
+               /* Account for child dentries  */
+               for_dentry_child(child, dentry)
+                       *subdir_offset_p += dentry_out_total_length(child);
+
+               /* Account for end-of-directory entry  */
+               *subdir_offset_p += 8;
        } else {
-               /* On disk, childless directories have a valid subdir_offset
-                * that points to an 8-byte end-of-directory dentry.  Regular
-                * files have a subdir_offset of 0. */
-               if (dentry_is_directory(dentry))
-                       *subdir_offset_p += 8;
-               else
-                       dentry->subdir_offset = 0;
+               /* Not a directory; set subdir_offset to 0  */
+               dentry->subdir_offset = 0;
        }
+       return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Calculates the subdir offsets for a directory tree.
+ */
+void
+calculate_subdir_offsets(struct wim_dentry *root, u64 *subdir_offset_p)
+{
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_calculate_subdir_offset, subdir_offset_p);
+}
 
-/* Returns the child of @dentry that has the file name @name.  
- * Returns NULL if no child has the name. */
-struct dentry *get_dentry_child_with_name(const struct dentry *dentry, 
-                                                       const char *name)
+/* Compare the UTF-16LE long filenames of two dentries case insensitively.  */
+static int
+dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
+                                     const struct wim_dentry *d2)
 {
-       struct dentry *child;
-       size_t name_len;
-       
-       child = dentry->children;
-       if (child) {
-               name_len = strlen(name);
-               do {
-                       if (dentry_has_name(child, name, name_len))
-                               return child;
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != dentry->children);
-       }
-       return NULL;
+       return cmp_utf16le_strings(d1->file_name,
+                                  d1->file_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  d2->file_name,
+                                  d2->file_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  true);
 }
 
-/* Retrieves the dentry that has the UTF-8 @path relative to the dentry
- * @cur_dir.  Returns NULL if no dentry having the path is found. */
-static struct dentry *get_dentry_relative_path(struct dentry *cur_dir, const char *path)
+/* Compare the UTF-16LE long filenames of two dentries case sensitively.  */
+static int
+dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(const struct wim_dentry *d1,
+                                   const struct wim_dentry *d2)
 {
-       struct dentry *child;
-       size_t base_len;
-       const char *new_path;
+       return cmp_utf16le_strings(d1->file_name,
+                                  d1->file_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  d2->file_name,
+                                  d2->file_name_nbytes / 2,
+                                  false);
+}
 
-       if (*path == '\0')
-               return cur_dir;
+static int
+_avl_dentry_compare_names_ci(const struct avl_tree_node *n1,
+                            const struct avl_tree_node *n2)
+{
+       const struct wim_dentry *d1, *d2;
 
-       child = cur_dir->children;
-       if (child) {
-               new_path = path_next_part(path, &base_len);
-               do {
-                       if (dentry_has_name(child, path, base_len))
-                               return get_dentry_relative_path(child, new_path);
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != cur_dir->children);
-       }
-       return NULL;
+       d1 = avl_tree_entry(n1, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
+       d2 = avl_tree_entry(n2, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
+       return dentry_compare_names_case_insensitive(d1, d2);
 }
 
-/* Returns the dentry corresponding to the UTF-8 @path, or NULL if there is no
- * such dentry. */
-struct dentry *get_dentry(WIMStruct *w, const char *path)
+static int
+_avl_dentry_compare_names(const struct avl_tree_node *n1,
+                         const struct avl_tree_node *n2)
 {
-       struct dentry *root = wim_root_dentry(w);
-       while (*path == '/')
-               path++;
-       return get_dentry_relative_path(root, path);
+       const struct wim_dentry *d1, *d2;
+
+       d1 = avl_tree_entry(n1, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+       d2 = avl_tree_entry(n2, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+       return dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(d1, d2);
 }
 
-/* Returns the parent directory for the @path. */
-struct dentry *get_parent_dentry(WIMStruct *w, const char *path)
+/* Default case sensitivity behavior for searches with
+ * WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT specified.  This can be modified by
+ * wimlib_global_init().  */
+bool default_ignore_case =
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+       true
+#else
+       false
+#endif
+;
+
+/* Case-sensitive dentry lookup.  Only @file_name and @file_name_nbytes of
+ * @dummy must be valid.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_lookup(const struct wim_inode *dir, const struct wim_dentry *dummy)
 {
-       size_t path_len = strlen(path);
-       char buf[path_len + 1];
+       struct avl_tree_node *node;
 
-       memcpy(buf, path, path_len + 1);
+       node = avl_tree_lookup_node(dir->i_children,
+                                   &dummy->d_index_node,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names);
+       if (!node)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(node, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
+}
 
-       to_parent_name(buf, path_len);
+/* Case-insensitive dentry lookup.  Only @file_name and @file_name_nbytes of
+ * @dummy must be valid.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_lookup_ci(const struct wim_inode *dir, const struct wim_dentry *dummy)
+{
+       struct avl_tree_node *node;
 
-       return get_dentry(w, buf);
+       node = avl_tree_lookup_node(dir->i_children_ci,
+                                   &dummy->d_index_node_ci,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names_ci);
+       if (!node)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(node, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
 }
 
-/* Prints the full path of a dentry. */
-int print_dentry_full_path(struct dentry *dentry, void *ignore)
+/* Given a UTF-16LE filename and a directory, look up the dentry for the file.
+ * Return it if found, otherwise NULL.  This is case-sensitive on UNIX and
+ * case-insensitive on Windows. */
+struct wim_dentry *
+get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
+                                  const utf16lechar *name,
+                                  size_t name_nbytes,
+                                  CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_ctype)
 {
-       if (dentry->full_path_utf8)
-               puts(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-       return 0;
+       const struct wim_inode *dir = dentry->d_inode;
+       bool ignore_case = will_ignore_case(case_ctype);
+       struct wim_dentry dummy;
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
+
+       dummy.file_name = (utf16lechar*)name;
+       dummy.file_name_nbytes = name_nbytes;
+
+       if (!ignore_case)
+               /* Case-sensitive lookup.  */
+               return dir_lookup(dir, &dummy);
+
+       /* Case-insensitive lookup.  */
+
+       child = dir_lookup_ci(dir, &dummy);
+       if (!child)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (likely(list_empty(&child->d_ci_conflict_list)))
+               /* Only one dentry has this case-insensitive name; return it */
+               return child;
+
+       /* Multiple dentries have the same case-insensitive name.  Choose the
+        * dentry with the same case-sensitive name, if one exists; otherwise
+        * print a warning and choose one of the possible dentries arbitrarily.
+        */
+       struct wim_dentry *alt = child;
+       size_t num_alts = 0;
+
+       do {
+               num_alts++;
+               if (!dentry_compare_names_case_sensitive(&dummy, alt))
+                       return alt;
+               alt = list_entry(alt->d_ci_conflict_list.next,
+                                struct wim_dentry, d_ci_conflict_list);
+       } while (alt != child);
+
+       WARNING("Result of case-insensitive lookup is ambiguous\n"
+               "          (returning \"%"TS"\" of %zu "
+               "possible files, including \"%"TS"\")",
+               dentry_full_path(child),
+               num_alts,
+               dentry_full_path(list_entry(child->d_ci_conflict_list.next,
+                                           struct wim_dentry,
+                                           d_ci_conflict_list)));
+       return child;
 }
 
-struct file_attr_flag {
-       u32 flag;
-       const char *name;
-};
-struct file_attr_flag file_attr_flags[] = {
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY,               "READONLY"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN,         "HIDDEN"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM,         "SYSTEM"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY,              "DIRECTORY"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE,                "ARCHIVE"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE,         "DEVICE"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,         "NORMAL"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY,              "TEMPORARY"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE,    "SPARSE_FILE"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT,  "REPARSE_POINT"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED,             "COMPRESSED"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE,                "OFFLINE"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED,"NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED,              "ENCRYPTED"},
-       {FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL,                "VIRTUAL"},
-};
-
-/* Prints a directory entry.  @lookup_table is a pointer to the lookup table, or
- * NULL if the resource entry for the dentry is not to be printed. */
-int print_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, void *lookup_table)
+/* Returns the child of @dentry that has the file name @name.  Returns NULL if
+ * no child has the name. */
+struct wim_dentry *
+get_dentry_child_with_name(const struct wim_dentry *dentry, const tchar *name,
+                          CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       const u8 *hash;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-
-       printf("[DENTRY]\n");
-       printf("Length            = %"PRIu64"\n", dentry->length);
-       printf("Attributes        = 0x%x\n", dentry->attributes);
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_LEN(file_attr_flags); i++)
-               if (file_attr_flags[i].flag & dentry->attributes)
-                       printf("    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_%s is set\n",
-                               file_attr_flags[i].name);
-       printf("Security ID       = %d\n", dentry->security_id);
-       printf("Subdir offset     = %"PRIu64"\n", dentry->subdir_offset);
-#if 0
-       printf("Unused1           = 0x%"PRIu64"\n", dentry->unused1);
-       printf("Unused2           = %"PRIu64"\n", dentry->unused2);
-#endif
-#if 0
-       printf("Creation Time     = 0x%"PRIx64"\n");
-       printf("Last Access Time  = 0x%"PRIx64"\n");
-       printf("Last Write Time   = 0x%"PRIx64"\n");
-#endif
+#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
+       return get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(dentry, name,
+                                                 tstrlen(name) * sizeof(tchar),
+                                                 case_type);
+#else
+       utf16lechar *utf16le_name;
+       size_t utf16le_name_nbytes;
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *child;
 
-       time_t creat_time = wim_timestamp_to_unix(dentry->creation_time);
-       time_t access_time = wim_timestamp_to_unix(dentry->last_access_time);
-       time_t mod_time = wim_timestamp_to_unix(dentry->last_write_time);
-       printf("Creation Time     = %s", asctime(localtime(&creat_time)));
-       printf("Last Access Time  = %s", asctime(localtime(&access_time)));
-       printf("Last Write Time   = %s", asctime(localtime(&mod_time)));
-
-       printf("Reparse Tag       = 0x%"PRIx32"\n", dentry->reparse_tag);
-       printf("Hard Link Group   = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", dentry->hard_link);
-       printf("Number of Alternate Data Streams = %hu\n", dentry->num_ads);
-       printf("Filename          = \"");
-       print_string(dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_len);
-       puts("\"");
-       printf("Filename Length   = %hu\n", dentry->file_name_len);
-       printf("Filename (UTF-8)  = \"%s\"\n", dentry->file_name_utf8);
-       printf("Filename (UTF-8) Length = %hu\n", dentry->file_name_utf8_len);
-       printf("Short Name        = \"");
-       print_string(dentry->short_name, dentry->short_name_len);
-       puts("\"");
-       printf("Short Name Length = %hu\n", dentry->short_name_len);
-       printf("Full Path (UTF-8) = \"%s\"\n", dentry->full_path_utf8);
-       lte = dentry_stream_lte(dentry, 0, lookup_table);
-       if (lte) {
-               print_lookup_table_entry(lte);
+       ret = tstr_to_utf16le(name, tstrlen(name) * sizeof(tchar),
+                             &utf16le_name, &utf16le_name_nbytes);
+       if (ret) {
+               child = NULL;
        } else {
-               hash = dentry_stream_hash(dentry, 0);
-               if (hash) {
-                       printf("Hash              = 0x"); 
-                       print_hash(hash);
-                       putchar('\n');
-               }
+               child = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(dentry,
+                                                          utf16le_name,
+                                                          utf16le_name_nbytes,
+                                                          case_type);
+               FREE(utf16le_name);
        }
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++) {
-               printf("[Alternate Stream Entry %u]\n", i);
-               printf("Name = \"%s\"\n", dentry->ads_entries[i].stream_name_utf8);
-               printf("Name Length (UTF-16) = %u\n",
-                               dentry->ads_entries[i].stream_name_len);
-               hash = dentry_stream_hash(dentry, i + 1);
-               if (hash) {
-                       printf("Hash              = 0x"); 
-                       print_hash(hash);
-                       putchar('\n');
-               }
-               print_lookup_table_entry(dentry_stream_lte(dentry, i + 1,
-                                                          lookup_table));
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return child;
+#endif
 }
 
-static inline void dentry_common_init(struct dentry *dentry)
+static struct wim_dentry *
+get_dentry_utf16le(WIMStruct *wim, const utf16lechar *path,
+                  CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       memset(dentry, 0, sizeof(struct dentry));
-       dentry->refcnt = 1;
-       dentry->security_id = -1;
-       dentry->ads_entries_status = ADS_ENTRIES_DEFAULT;
-       dentry->lte_group_list.type = STREAM_TYPE_NORMAL;
+       struct wim_dentry *cur_dentry;
+       const utf16lechar *name_start, *name_end;
+
+       /* Start with the root directory of the image.  Note: this will be NULL
+        * if an image has been added directly with wimlib_add_empty_image() but
+        * no files have been added yet; in that case we fail with ENOENT.  */
+       cur_dentry = wim_root_dentry(wim);
+
+       name_start = path;
+       for (;;) {
+               if (cur_dentry == NULL) {
+                       errno = ENOENT;
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (*name_start && !dentry_is_directory(cur_dentry)) {
+                       errno = ENOTDIR;
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               while (*name_start == cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR))
+                       name_start++;
+
+               if (!*name_start)
+                       return cur_dentry;
+
+               name_end = name_start;
+               do {
+                       ++name_end;
+               } while (*name_end != cpu_to_le16(WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR) && *name_end);
+
+               cur_dentry = get_dentry_child_with_utf16le_name(cur_dentry,
+                                                               name_start,
+                                                               (u8*)name_end - (u8*)name_start,
+                                                               case_type);
+               name_start = name_end;
+       }
 }
 
-/* 
- * Creates an unlinked directory entry.
+/*
+ * WIM path lookup: translate a path in the currently selected WIM image to the
+ * corresponding dentry, if it exists.
+ *
+ * @wim
+ *     The WIMStruct for the WIM.  The search takes place in the currently
+ *     selected image.
+ *
+ * @path
+ *     The path to look up, given relative to the root of the WIM image.
+ *     Characters with value WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR are taken to be path
+ *     separators.  Leading path separators are ignored, whereas one or more
+ *     trailing path separators cause the path to only match a directory.
+ *
+ * @case_type
+ *     The case-sensitivity behavior of this function, as one of the following
+ *     constants:
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_SENSITIVE:  Perform the search case sensitively.  This means
+ *     that names must match exactly.
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_INSENSITIVE:  Perform the search case insensitively.  This
+ *     means that names are considered to match if they are equal when
+ *     transformed to upper case.  If a path component matches multiple names
+ *     case-insensitively, the name that matches the path component
+ *     case-sensitively is chosen, if existent; otherwise one
+ *     case-insensitively matching name is chosen arbitrarily.
+ *
+ *    - WIMLIB_CASE_PLATFORM_DEFAULT:  Perform either case-sensitive or
+ *     case-insensitive search, depending on the value of the global variable
+ *     default_ignore_case.
+ *
+ *    In any case, no Unicode normalization is done before comparing strings.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the dentry that is the result of the lookup, or NULL if
+ * no such dentry exists.  If NULL is returned, errno is set to one of the
+ * following values:
+ *
+ *     ENOTDIR if one of the path components used as a directory existed but
+ *     was not, in fact, a directory.
+ *
+ *     ENOENT otherwise.
+ *
+ * Additional notes:
+ *
+ *    - This function does not consider a reparse point to be a directory, even
+ *     if it has FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY set.
  *
- * @name:    The base name of the new dentry.
- * @return:  A pointer to the new dentry, or NULL if out of memory.
+ *    - This function does not dereference symbolic links or junction points
+ *     when performing the search.
+ *
+ *    - Since this function ignores leading slashes, the empty path is valid and
+ *     names the root directory of the WIM image.
+ *
+ *    - An image added with wimlib_add_empty_image() does not have a root
+ *     directory yet, and this function will fail with ENOENT for any path on
+ *     such an image.
  */
-struct dentry *new_dentry(const char *name)
+struct wim_dentry *
+get_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path, CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       struct dentry *dentry;
-       
-       dentry = MALLOC(sizeof(struct dentry));
-       if (!dentry)
-               goto err;
-
-       dentry_common_init(dentry);
-       if (change_dentry_name(dentry, name) != 0)
-               goto err;
+#if TCHAR_IS_UTF16LE
+       return get_dentry_utf16le(wim, path, case_type);
+#else
+       utf16lechar *path_utf16le;
+       size_t path_utf16le_nbytes;
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
 
-       dentry_update_all_timestamps(dentry);
-       dentry->next   = dentry;
-       dentry->prev   = dentry;
-       dentry->parent = dentry;
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dentry->link_group_list);
+       ret = tstr_to_utf16le(path, tstrlen(path) * sizeof(tchar),
+                             &path_utf16le, &path_utf16le_nbytes);
+       if (ret)
+               return NULL;
+       dentry = get_dentry_utf16le(wim, path_utf16le, case_type);
+       FREE(path_utf16le);
        return dentry;
-err:
-       FREE(dentry);
-       ERROR("Failed to allocate new dentry");
-       return NULL;
+#endif
 }
 
-void dentry_free_ads_entries(struct dentry *dentry)
+/* Takes in a path of length @len in @buf, and transforms it into a string for
+ * the path of its parent directory. */
+static void
+to_parent_name(tchar *buf, size_t len)
 {
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++)
-               destroy_ads_entry(&dentry->ads_entries[i]);
-       FREE(dentry->ads_entries);
-       dentry->ads_entries = NULL;
-       dentry->num_ads = 0;
+       ssize_t i = (ssize_t)len - 1;
+       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+               i--;
+       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] != WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+               i--;
+       while (i >= 0 && buf[i] == WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR)
+               i--;
+       buf[i + 1] = T('\0');
 }
 
-static void __destroy_dentry(struct dentry *dentry)
+/* Similar to get_dentry(), but returns the dentry named by @path with the last
+ * component stripped off.
+ *
+ * Note: The returned dentry is NOT guaranteed to be a directory.  */
+struct wim_dentry *
+get_parent_dentry(WIMStruct *wim, const tchar *path,
+                 CASE_SENSITIVITY_TYPE case_type)
 {
-       FREE(dentry->file_name);
-       FREE(dentry->file_name_utf8);
-       FREE(dentry->short_name);
-       FREE(dentry->full_path_utf8);
-       FREE(dentry->extracted_file);
-}
+       size_t path_len = tstrlen(path);
+       tchar buf[path_len + 1];
 
-void free_dentry(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-       wimlib_assert(dentry);
-       __destroy_dentry(dentry);
-       if (dentry->ads_entries_status != ADS_ENTRIES_USER)
-               dentry_free_ads_entries(dentry);
-       FREE(dentry);
+       tmemcpy(buf, path, path_len + 1);
+       to_parent_name(buf, path_len);
+       return get_dentry(wim, buf, case_type);
 }
 
-/* Like free_dentry(), but assigns a new ADS entries owner if this dentry was
- * the previous owner, and also deletes the dentry from its link_group_list */
-void put_dentry(struct dentry *dentry)
+#ifdef WITH_FUSE
+/* Finds the dentry, lookup table entry, and stream index for a WIM file stream,
+ * given a path name.
+ *
+ * Currently, lookups of this type are only needed if FUSE is enabled.  */
+int
+wim_pathname_to_stream(WIMStruct *wim,
+                      const tchar *path,
+                      int lookup_flags,
+                      struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret,
+                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry **lte_ret,
+                      u16 *stream_idx_ret)
 {
-       if (dentry->ads_entries_status == ADS_ENTRIES_OWNER) {
-               struct dentry *new_owner;
-               list_for_each_entry(new_owner, &dentry->link_group_list,
-                                   link_group_list)
-               {
-                       if (new_owner->ads_entries_status == ADS_ENTRIES_USER) {
-                               new_owner->ads_entries_status = ADS_ENTRIES_OWNER;
-                               break;
-                       }
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
+       u16 stream_idx;
+       const tchar *stream_name = NULL;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       tchar *p = NULL;
+
+       if (lookup_flags & LOOKUP_FLAG_ADS_OK) {
+               stream_name = path_stream_name(path);
+               if (stream_name) {
+                       p = (tchar*)stream_name - 1;
+                       *p = T('\0');
                }
-               dentry->ads_entries_status = ADS_ENTRIES_USER;
        }
-       struct list_head *next;
-       list_del(&dentry->link_group_list);
-       free_dentry(dentry);
-}
 
+       dentry = get_dentry(wim, path, WIMLIB_CASE_SENSITIVE);
+       if (p)
+               *p = T(':');
+       if (!dentry)
+               return -errno;
+
+       inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+       if (!inode->i_resolved)
+               if (inode_resolve_streams(inode, wim->lookup_table, false))
+                       return -EIO;
+
+       if (!(lookup_flags & LOOKUP_FLAG_DIRECTORY_OK)
+             && inode_is_directory(inode))
+               return -EISDIR;
+
+       if (stream_name) {
+               struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
+               u16 ads_idx;
+               ads_entry = inode_get_ads_entry(inode, stream_name,
+                                               &ads_idx);
+               if (ads_entry) {
+                       stream_idx = ads_idx + 1;
+                       lte = ads_entry->lte;
+               } else {
+                       return -ENOENT;
+               }
+       } else {
+               lte = inode_unnamed_stream_resolved(inode, &stream_idx);
+       }
+       if (dentry_ret)
+               *dentry_ret = dentry;
+       if (lte_ret)
+               *lte_ret = lte;
+       if (stream_idx_ret)
+               *stream_idx_ret = stream_idx;
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif /* WITH_FUSE  */
 
-/* clones a dentry.
- *
- * Beware:
- *     - memory for file names is not cloned
- *     - next, prev, and children pointers and not touched
- *     - stream entries are not cloned.
- */
-struct dentry *clone_dentry(struct dentry *old)
+/* Creates an unlinked directory entry. */
+int
+new_dentry(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
-       struct dentry *new = MALLOC(sizeof(struct dentry));
-       if (!new)
-               return NULL;
-       memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct dentry));
-       new->file_name          = NULL;
-       new->file_name_len      = 0;
-       new->file_name_utf8     = NULL;
-       new->file_name_utf8_len = 0;
-       new->short_name         = NULL;
-       new->short_name_len     = 0;
-       return new;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       dentry = CALLOC(1, sizeof(struct wim_dentry));
+       if (!dentry)
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+
+       if (*name) {
+               ret = dentry_set_name(dentry, name);
+               if (ret) {
+                       FREE(dentry);
+                       ERROR("Failed to set name on new dentry with name \"%"TS"\"",
+                             name);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
+       dentry->parent = dentry;
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* 
- * This function is passed as an argument to for_dentry_in_tree_depth() in order
- * to free a directory tree.  __args is a pointer to a `struct free_dentry_args'.
- */
-static int do_free_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, void *__lookup_table)
+static int
+_new_dentry_with_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret,
+                       bool timeless)
 {
-       struct lookup_table *lookup_table = __lookup_table;
-       if (lookup_table) {
-               struct lookup_table_entry *lte;
-               if (dentry->resolved)
-                       lte = dentry->lte;
-               else
-                       lte = __lookup_resource(lookup_table, dentry->hash);
-               lte_decrement_refcnt(lte, lookup_table);
-       }
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = new_dentry(name, &dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       wimlib_assert(dentry->refcnt != 0);
-       if (--dentry->refcnt == 0)
+       if (timeless)
+               dentry->d_inode = new_timeless_inode();
+       else
+               dentry->d_inode = new_inode();
+       if (dentry->d_inode == NULL) {
                free_dentry(dentry);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       }
+
+       inode_add_dentry(dentry, dentry->d_inode);
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Unlinks and frees a dentry tree.
- *
- * @root:              The root of the tree.
- * @lookup_table:      The lookup table for dentries.  If non-NULL, the
- *                     reference counts in the lookup table for the lookup
- *                     table entries corresponding to the dentries will be
- *                     decremented.
- */
-void free_dentry_tree(struct dentry *root, struct lookup_table *lookup_table)
+int
+new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
-       if (!root || !root->parent)
-               return;
-       for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, do_free_dentry, lookup_table);
+       return _new_dentry_with_inode(name, dentry_ret, true);
+}
+
+int
+new_dentry_with_inode(const tchar *name, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
+{
+       return _new_dentry_with_inode(name, dentry_ret, false);
 }
 
-int increment_dentry_refcnt(struct dentry *dentry, void *ignore)
+int
+new_filler_directory(struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
-       dentry->refcnt++;
+       int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+
+       ret = new_dentry_with_inode(T(""), &dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       /* Leave the inode number as 0; this is allowed for non
+        * hard-linked files. */
+       dentry->d_inode->i_resolved = 1;
+       dentry->d_inode->i_attributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Links a dentry into the directory tree.
- *
- * @dentry: The dentry to link.
- * @parent: The dentry that will be the parent of @dentry.
- */
-void link_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent)
+static int
+dentry_clear_inode_visited(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
 {
-       wimlib_assert(dentry_is_directory(parent));
-       dentry->parent = parent;
-       if (parent->children) {
-               /* Not an only child; link to siblings. */
-               dentry->next = parent->children;
-               dentry->prev = parent->children->prev;
-               dentry->next->prev = dentry;
-               dentry->prev->next = dentry;
-       } else {
-               /* Only child; link to parent. */
-               parent->children = dentry;
-               dentry->next = dentry;
-               dentry->prev = dentry;
-       }
+       dentry->d_inode->i_visited = 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
+void
+dentry_tree_clear_inode_visited(struct wim_dentry *root)
+{
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, dentry_clear_inode_visited, NULL);
+}
 
-/* Unlink a dentry from the directory tree. 
+/*
+ * Free a WIM dentry.
  *
- * Note: This merely removes it from the in-memory tree structure.  See
- * remove_dentry() in mount.c for a function implemented on top of this one that
- * frees the dentry and implements reference counting for the lookup table
- * entries. */
-void unlink_dentry(struct dentry *dentry)
+ * In addition to freeing the dentry itself, this decrements the link count of
+ * the corresponding inode (if any).  If the inode's link count reaches 0, the
+ * inode is freed as well.
+ */
+void
+free_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
-               return;
-       if (dentry_is_only_child(dentry)) {
-               dentry->parent->children = NULL;
-       } else {
-               if (dentry_is_first_sibling(dentry))
-                       dentry->parent->children = dentry->next;
-               dentry->next->prev = dentry->prev;
-               dentry->prev->next = dentry->next;
+       if (dentry) {
+               FREE(dentry->file_name);
+               FREE(dentry->short_name);
+               FREE(dentry->_full_path);
+               if (dentry->d_inode)
+                       put_inode(dentry->d_inode);
+               FREE(dentry);
        }
 }
 
+static int
+do_free_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *_ignore)
+{
+       free_dentry(dentry);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-/* Recalculates the length of @dentry based on its file name length and short
- * name length.  */
-static inline void recalculate_dentry_size(struct dentry *dentry)
+static int
+do_free_dentry_and_unref_streams(struct wim_dentry *dentry, void *lookup_table)
 {
-       dentry->length = WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE + dentry->file_name_len + 
-                        2 + dentry->short_name_len;
-       /* Must be multiple of 8. */
-       dentry->length = (dentry->length + 7) & ~7;
+       inode_unref_streams(dentry->d_inode, lookup_table);
+       free_dentry(dentry);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-/* Duplicates a UTF-8 name into UTF-8 and UTF-16 strings and returns the strings
- * and their lengths in the pointer arguments */
-int get_names(char **name_utf16_ret, char **name_utf8_ret,
-             u16 *name_utf16_len_ret, u16 *name_utf8_len_ret,
-             const char *name)
+/*
+ * Recursively frees all directory entries in the specified tree.
+ *
+ * @root:
+ *     The root of the tree.
+ *
+ * @lookup_table:
+ *     The lookup table for dentries.  If non-NULL, the reference counts in the
+ *     lookup table for the lookup table entries corresponding to the dentries
+ *     will be decremented.
+ *
+ * This also puts references to the corresponding inodes.
+ *
+ * This does *not* unlink @root from its parent directory (if it has one).
+ */
+void
+free_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry *root, struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table)
 {
-       size_t utf8_len;
-       size_t utf16_len;
-       char *name_utf16, *name_utf8;
+       int (*f)(struct wim_dentry *, void *);
 
-       utf8_len = strlen(name);
+       if (lookup_table)
+               f = do_free_dentry_and_unref_streams;
+       else
+               f = do_free_dentry;
 
-       name_utf16 = utf8_to_utf16(name, utf8_len, &utf16_len);
+       for_dentry_in_tree_depth(root, f, lookup_table);
+}
 
-       if (!name_utf16)
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+/* Insert the @child dentry into the case sensitive index of the @dir directory.
+ * Return NULL if successfully inserted, otherwise a pointer to the
+ * already-inserted duplicate.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_index_child(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
+{
+       struct avl_tree_node *duplicate;
 
-       name_utf8 = MALLOC(utf8_len + 1);
-       if (!name_utf8) {
-               FREE(name_utf8);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-       }
-       memcpy(name_utf8, name, utf8_len + 1);
-       FREE(*name_utf8_ret);
-       FREE(*name_utf16_ret);
-       *name_utf8_ret      = name_utf8;
-       *name_utf16_ret     = name_utf16;
-       *name_utf8_len_ret  = utf8_len;
-       *name_utf16_len_ret = utf16_len;
-       return 0;
+       duplicate = avl_tree_insert(&dir->i_children,
+                                   &child->d_index_node,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names);
+       if (!duplicate)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(duplicate, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node);
 }
 
-/* Changes the name of a dentry to @new_name.  Only changes the file_name and
- * file_name_utf8 fields; does not change the short_name, short_name_utf8, or
- * full_path_utf8 fields.  Also recalculates its length. */
-int change_dentry_name(struct dentry *dentry, const char *new_name)
+/* Insert the @child dentry into the case insensitive index of the @dir
+ * directory.  Return NULL if successfully inserted, otherwise a pointer to the
+ * already-inserted duplicate.  */
+static struct wim_dentry *
+dir_index_child_ci(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       int ret;
+       struct avl_tree_node *duplicate;
 
-       ret = get_names(&dentry->file_name, &dentry->file_name_utf8,
-                       &dentry->file_name_len, &dentry->file_name_utf8_len,
-                        new_name);
-       if (ret == 0)
-               recalculate_dentry_size(dentry);
-       return ret;
+       duplicate = avl_tree_insert(&dir->i_children_ci,
+                                   &child->d_index_node_ci,
+                                   _avl_dentry_compare_names_ci);
+       if (!duplicate)
+               return NULL;
+       return avl_tree_entry(duplicate, struct wim_dentry, d_index_node_ci);
 }
 
-int change_ads_name(struct ads_entry *entry, const char *new_name)
+/* Removes the specified dentry from its directory's case-sensitive index.  */
+static void
+dir_unindex_child(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       return get_names(&entry->stream_name, &entry->stream_name_utf8,
-                        &entry->stream_name_len,
-                        &entry->stream_name_utf8_len,
-                        new_name);
+       avl_tree_remove(&dir->i_children, &child->d_index_node);
 }
 
-/* Parameters for calculate_dentry_statistics(). */
-struct image_statistics {
-       struct lookup_table *lookup_table;
-       u64 *dir_count;
-       u64 *file_count;
-       u64 *total_bytes;
-       u64 *hard_link_bytes;
-};
-
-static int calculate_dentry_statistics(struct dentry *dentry, void *arg)
+/* Removes the specified dentry from its directory's case-insensitive index.  */
+static void
+dir_unindex_child_ci(struct wim_inode *dir, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       struct image_statistics *stats;
-       struct lookup_table_entry *lte; 
-       u16 i;
-       
-       stats = arg;
-
-       if (dentry_is_directory(dentry) && !dentry_is_root(dentry))
-               ++*stats->dir_count;
-       else
-               ++*stats->file_count;
-
-       if (dentry->resolved)
-               lte = dentry->lte;
-       else
-               lte = __lookup_resource(stats->lookup_table, dentry->hash);
-       i = 0;
-       while (1) {
-               if (lte) {
-                       u64 size = lte->resource_entry.original_size;
-                       *stats->total_bytes += size;
-                       if (++lte->out_refcnt == 1)
-                               *stats->hard_link_bytes += size;
-               }
-               if (i == dentry->num_ads)
-                       break;
-               lte = __lookup_resource(stats->lookup_table,
-                                       dentry->ads_entries[i].hash);
-               i++;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
+       avl_tree_remove(&dir->i_children_ci, &child->d_index_node_ci);
 }
 
-void calculate_dir_tree_statistics(struct dentry *root, struct lookup_table *table, 
-                                  u64 *dir_count_ret, u64 *file_count_ret, 
-                                  u64 *total_bytes_ret, 
-                                  u64 *hard_link_bytes_ret)
+/* Returns true iff the specified dentry is in its parent directory's
+ * case-insensitive index.  */
+static bool
+dentry_in_ci_index(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       struct image_statistics stats;
-       *dir_count_ret         = 0;
-       *file_count_ret        = 0;
-       *total_bytes_ret       = 0;
-       *hard_link_bytes_ret   = 0;
-       stats.lookup_table     = table;
-       stats.dir_count       = dir_count_ret;
-       stats.file_count      = file_count_ret;
-       stats.total_bytes     = total_bytes_ret;
-       stats.hard_link_bytes = hard_link_bytes_ret;
-       for_lookup_table_entry(table, zero_out_refcnts, NULL);
-       for_dentry_in_tree(root, calculate_dentry_statistics, &stats);
+       return !avl_tree_node_is_unlinked(&dentry->d_index_node_ci);
 }
 
-static int read_ads_entries(const u8 *p, struct dentry *dentry,
-                           u64 remaining_size)
+/*
+ * Links a dentry into the directory tree.
+ *
+ * @parent: The dentry that will be the parent of @child.
+ * @child: The dentry to link.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if successful.  If @parent already contains a dentry with the
+ * same case-sensitive name as @child, returns a pointer to this duplicate
+ * dentry.
+ */
+struct wim_dentry *
+dentry_add_child(struct wim_dentry *parent, struct wim_dentry *child)
 {
-       u16 num_ads = dentry->num_ads;
-       struct ads_entry *ads_entries = CALLOC(num_ads, sizeof(struct ads_entry));
-       int ret;
-       if (!ads_entries) {
-               ERROR("Could not allocate memory for %"PRIu16" "
-                     "alternate data stream entries", num_ads);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+       struct wim_dentry *duplicate;
+       struct wim_inode *dir;
+
+       wimlib_assert(parent != child);
+
+       dir = parent->d_inode;
+
+       wimlib_assert(inode_is_directory(dir));
+
+       duplicate = dir_index_child(dir, child);
+       if (duplicate)
+               return duplicate;
+
+       duplicate = dir_index_child_ci(dir, child);
+       if (duplicate) {
+               list_add(&child->d_ci_conflict_list, &duplicate->d_ci_conflict_list);
+               avl_tree_node_set_unlinked(&child->d_index_node_ci);
+       } else {
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&child->d_ci_conflict_list);
        }
-       DEBUG2("Reading %"PRIu16" alternate data streams "
-              "(remaining size = %"PRIu64")", num_ads, remaining_size);
-
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < num_ads; i++) {
-               struct ads_entry *cur_entry = &ads_entries[i];
-               u64 length;
-               size_t utf8_len;
-               const char *p_save = p;
-               /* Read the base stream entry, excluding the stream name. */
-               if (remaining_size < WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE) {
-                       ERROR("Stream entries go past end of metadata resource");
-                       ERROR("(remaining_size = %"PRIu64")", remaining_size);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
-                       goto out_free_ads_entries;
-               }
-               remaining_size -= WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE;
+       child->parent = parent;
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Unlink a WIM dentry from the directory entry tree.  */
+void
+unlink_dentry(struct wim_dentry *dentry)
+{
+       struct wim_inode *dir;
 
-               p = get_u64(p, &length); /* ADS entry length */
+       if (dentry_is_root(dentry))
+               return;
 
-               DEBUG2("ADS length = %"PRIu64, length);
+       dir = dentry->parent->d_inode;
 
-               p += 8; /* Unused */
-               p = get_bytes(p, SHA1_HASH_SIZE, (u8*)cur_entry->hash);
-               p = get_u16(p, &cur_entry->stream_name_len);
+       dir_unindex_child(dir, dentry);
 
-               DEBUG2("Stream name length = %u", cur_entry->stream_name_len);
+       if (dentry_in_ci_index(dentry)) {
 
-               cur_entry->stream_name = NULL;
-               cur_entry->stream_name_utf8 = NULL;
+               dir_unindex_child_ci(dir, dentry);
 
-               if (remaining_size < cur_entry->stream_name_len + 2) {
-                       ERROR("Stream entries go past end of metadata resource");
-                       ERROR("(remaining_size = %"PRIu64" bytes, stream_name_len "
-                             "= %"PRIu16" bytes", remaining_size,
-                             cur_entry->stream_name_len);
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
-                       goto out_free_ads_entries;
-               }
-               remaining_size -= cur_entry->stream_name_len + 2;
+               if (!list_empty(&dentry->d_ci_conflict_list)) {
+                       /* Make a different case-insensitively-the-same dentry
+                        * be the "representative" in the search index. */
+                       struct list_head *next;
+                       struct wim_dentry *other;
+                       struct wim_dentry *existing;
 
-               cur_entry->stream_name = MALLOC(cur_entry->stream_name_len);
-               if (!cur_entry->stream_name) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_ads_entries;
-               }
-               get_bytes(p, cur_entry->stream_name_len,
-                         (u8*)cur_entry->stream_name);
-               cur_entry->stream_name_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8(cur_entry->stream_name,
-                                                           cur_entry->stream_name_len,
-                                                           &utf8_len);
-               cur_entry->stream_name_utf8_len = utf8_len;
-
-               if (!cur_entry->stream_name_utf8) {
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       goto out_free_ads_entries;
+                       next = dentry->d_ci_conflict_list.next;
+                       other = list_entry(next, struct wim_dentry, d_ci_conflict_list);
+                       existing = dir_index_child_ci(dir, other);
+                       wimlib_assert(existing == NULL);
                }
-               p = p_save + ads_entry_length(cur_entry);
        }
-       dentry->ads_entries = ads_entries;
-       return 0;
-out_free_ads_entries:
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < num_ads; i++) {
-               FREE(ads_entries[i].stream_name);
-               FREE(ads_entries[i].stream_name_utf8);
-       }
-       FREE(ads_entries);
-       return ret;
+       list_del(&dentry->d_ci_conflict_list);
 }
 
-/* 
- * Reads a directory entry from the metadata resource.
- */
-int read_dentry(const u8 metadata_resource[], u64 metadata_resource_len, 
-               u64 offset, struct dentry *dentry)
+/* Reads a WIM directory entry, including all alternate data stream entries that
+ * follow it, from the WIM image's metadata resource.  */
+static int
+read_dentry(const u8 * restrict buf, size_t buf_len,
+           u64 offset, struct wim_dentry **dentry_ret)
 {
+       u64 length;
        const u8 *p;
+       const struct wim_dentry_on_disk *disk_dentry;
+       struct wim_dentry *dentry;
+       struct wim_inode *inode;
+       u16 short_name_nbytes;
+       u16 file_name_nbytes;
        u64 calculated_size;
-       char *file_name;
-       char *file_name_utf8;
-       char *short_name;
-       u16 short_name_len;
-       u16 file_name_len;
-       size_t file_name_utf8_len;
        int ret;
 
-       dentry_common_init(dentry);
+       BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk) != WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
 
-       /*Make sure the dentry really fits into the metadata resource.*/
-       if (offset + 8 > metadata_resource_len) {
+       /* Before reading the whole dentry, we need to read just the length.
+        * This is because a dentry of length 8 (that is, just the length field)
+        * terminates the list of sibling directory entries. */
+
+       /* Check for buffer overrun.  */
+       if (unlikely(offset + sizeof(u64) > buf_len ||
+                    offset + sizeof(u64) < offset))
+       {
                ERROR("Directory entry starting at %"PRIu64" ends past the "
-                     "end of the metadata resource (size %"PRIu64")",
-                     offset, metadata_resource_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
+                     "end of the metadata resource (size %zu)",
+                     offset, buf_len);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
        }
 
-       /* Before reading the whole entry, we need to read just the length.
-        * This is because an entry of length 8 (that is, just the length field)
-        * terminates the list of sibling directory entries. */
+       /* Get pointer to the dentry data.  */
+       p = &buf[offset];
+       disk_dentry = (const struct wim_dentry_on_disk*)p;
 
-       p = get_u64(&metadata_resource[offset], &dentry->length);
+       /* Get dentry length.  */
+       length = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->length);
 
-       /* A zero length field (really a length of 8, since that's how big the
-        * directory entry is...) indicates that this is the end of directory
-        * dentry.  We do not read it into memory as an actual dentry, so just
-        * return true in that case. */
-       if (dentry->length == 0)
+       /* Check for end-of-directory.  */
+       if (length <= 8) {
+               *dentry_ret = NULL;
                return 0;
-
-       if (offset + dentry->length >= metadata_resource_len) {
-               ERROR("Directory entry at offset %"PRIu64" and with size "
-                     "%"PRIu64" ends past the end of the metadata resource "
-                     "(size %"PRIu64")",
-                     offset, dentry->length, metadata_resource_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
        }
 
-       /* If it is a recognized length, read the rest of the directory entry.
-        * Note: The root directory entry has no name, and its length does not
-        * include the short name length field.  */
-       if (dentry->length < WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE) {
+       /* Validate dentry length.  */
+       if (unlikely(length < sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk))) {
                ERROR("Directory entry has invalid length of %"PRIu64" bytes",
-                     dentry->length);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
+                     length);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
        }
 
-       p = get_u32(p, &dentry->attributes);
-       p = get_u32(p, (u32*)&dentry->security_id);
-       p = get_u64(p, &dentry->subdir_offset);
+       /* Check for buffer overrun.  */
+       if (unlikely(offset + length > buf_len ||
+                    offset + length < offset))
+       {
+               ERROR("Directory entry at offset %"PRIu64" and with size "
+                     "%"PRIu64" ends past the end of the metadata resource "
+                     "(size %zu)", offset, length, buf_len);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+       }
 
-       /* 2 unused fields */
-       p += 2 * sizeof(u64);
-       /*p = get_u64(p, &dentry->unused1);*/
-       /*p = get_u64(p, &dentry->unused2);*/
+       /* Allocate new dentry structure, along with a preliminary inode.  */
+       ret = new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(T(""), &dentry);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       dentry->length = length;
+       inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
-       p = get_u64(p, &dentry->creation_time);
-       p = get_u64(p, &dentry->last_access_time);
-       p = get_u64(p, &dentry->last_write_time);
+       /* Read more fields: some into the dentry, and some into the inode.  */
+       inode->i_attributes = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->attributes);
+       inode->i_security_id = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->security_id);
+       dentry->subdir_offset = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->subdir_offset);
+       inode->i_creation_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->creation_time);
+       inode->i_last_access_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->last_access_time);
+       inode->i_last_write_time = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->last_write_time);
+       copy_hash(inode->i_hash, disk_dentry->unnamed_stream_hash);
 
-       p = get_bytes(p, SHA1_HASH_SIZE, dentry->hash);
-       
-       /*
-        * I don't know what's going on here.  It seems like M$ screwed up the
+       /* I don't know what's going on here.  It seems like M$ screwed up the
         * reparse points, then put the fields in the same place and didn't
-        * document it.  The WIM_HDR_FLAG_RP_FIX flag in the WIM header might
-        * have something to do with this, but it's not documented.
-        */
-       if (dentry->attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               /* ??? */
-               p += 4;
-               p = get_u32(p, &dentry->reparse_tag);
-               p += 4;
+        * document it.  So we have some fields we read for reparse points, and
+        * some fields in the same place for non-reparse-points.  */
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               inode->i_rp_unknown_1 = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_1);
+               inode->i_reparse_tag = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.reparse_tag);
+               inode->i_rp_unknown_2 = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_2);
+               inode->i_not_rpfixed = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->reparse.not_rpfixed);
+               /* Leave inode->i_ino at 0.  Note that this means the WIM file
+                * cannot archive hard-linked reparse points.  Such a thing
+                * doesn't really make sense anyway, although I believe it's
+                * theoretically possible to have them on NTFS.  */
        } else {
-               p = get_u32(p, &dentry->reparse_tag);
-               p = get_u64(p, &dentry->hard_link);
+               inode->i_rp_unknown_1 = le32_to_cpu(disk_dentry->nonreparse.rp_unknown_1);
+               inode->i_ino = le64_to_cpu(disk_dentry->nonreparse.hard_link_group_id);
        }
+       inode->i_num_ads = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->num_alternate_data_streams);
 
-       /* By the way, the reparse_reserved field does not actually exist (at
-        * least when the file is not a reparse point) */
+       /* Now onto reading the names.  There are two of them: the (long) file
+        * name, and the short name.  */
 
-       
-       p = get_u16(p, &dentry->num_ads);
+       short_name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->short_name_nbytes);
+       file_name_nbytes = le16_to_cpu(disk_dentry->file_name_nbytes);
 
-       p = get_u16(p, &short_name_len);
-       p = get_u16(p, &file_name_len);
+       if (unlikely((short_name_nbytes & 1) | (file_name_nbytes & 1))) {
+               ERROR("Dentry name is not valid UTF-16 (odd number of bytes)!");
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+               goto err_free_dentry;
+       }
 
-       calculated_size = WIM_DENTRY_DISK_SIZE + file_name_len + 2 +
-                         short_name_len;
+       /* We now know the length of the file name and short name.  Make sure
+        * the length of the dentry is large enough to actually hold them.
+        *
+        * The calculated length here is unaligned to allow for the possibility
+        * that the dentry->length names an unaligned length, although this
+        * would be unexpected.  */
+       calculated_size = dentry_correct_length_unaligned(file_name_nbytes,
+                                                         short_name_nbytes);
 
-       if (dentry->length < calculated_size) {
+       if (unlikely(dentry->length < calculated_size)) {
                ERROR("Unexpected end of directory entry! (Expected "
-                     "%"PRIu64" bytes, got %"PRIu64" bytes. "
-                     "short_name_len = %hu, file_name_len = %hu)", 
-                     calculated_size, dentry->length,
-                     short_name_len, file_name_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
-       }
-
-       /* Read the filename. */
-       file_name = MALLOC(file_name_len);
-       if (!file_name) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %hu bytes for dentry file name",
-                     file_name_len);
-               return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                     "at least %"PRIu64" bytes, got %"PRIu64" bytes.)",
+                     calculated_size, dentry->length);
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+               goto err_free_dentry;
        }
-       p = get_bytes(p, file_name_len, file_name);
 
-       /* Convert filename to UTF-8. */
-       file_name_utf8 = utf16_to_utf8(file_name, file_name_len, 
-                                      &file_name_utf8_len);
+       /* Advance p to point past the base dentry, to the first name.  */
+       p += sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
 
-       if (!file_name_utf8) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate memory to convert UTF-16 "
-                     "filename (%hu bytes) to UTF-8", file_name_len);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_free_file_name;
+       /* Read the filename if present.  Note: if the filename is empty, there
+        * is no null terminator following it.  */
+       if (file_name_nbytes) {
+               dentry->file_name = MALLOC(file_name_nbytes + 2);
+               if (dentry->file_name == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto err_free_dentry;
+               }
+               dentry->file_name_nbytes = file_name_nbytes;
+               memcpy(dentry->file_name, p, file_name_nbytes);
+               p += file_name_nbytes + 2;
+               dentry->file_name[file_name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
        }
 
-       /* Undocumented padding between file name and short name.  This probably
-        * is supposed to be a terminating null character. */
-       p += 2;
-
-       /* Read the short filename. */
-       short_name = MALLOC(short_name_len);
-       if (!short_name) {
-               ERROR("Failed to allocate %hu bytes for short filename",
-                     short_name_len);
-               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-               goto out_free_file_name_utf8;
+       /* Read the short filename if present.  Note: if there is no short
+        * filename, there is no null terminator following it. */
+       if (short_name_nbytes) {
+               dentry->short_name = MALLOC(short_name_nbytes + 2);
+               if (dentry->short_name == NULL) {
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
+                       goto err_free_dentry;
+               }
+               dentry->short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
+               memcpy(dentry->short_name, p, short_name_nbytes);
+               p += short_name_nbytes + 2;
+               dentry->short_name[short_name_nbytes / 2] = cpu_to_le16(0);
        }
 
-       p = get_bytes(p, short_name_len, short_name);
+       /* Align the dentry length.  */
+       dentry->length = (dentry->length + 7) & ~7;
 
-       /* Some directory entries inexplicibly have a little over 70 bytes of
-        * extra data.  The exact amount of data seems to be 72 bytes, but it is
-        * aligned on the next 8-byte boundary.  Here's an example of the
-        * aligned data:
-        *
-        * 01000000 40000000 6c786bba c58ede11 b0bb0026 1870892a b6adb76f
-        * e63a3e46 8fca8653 0d2effa1 6c786bba c58ede11 b0bb0026 1870892a
-        * 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+       /* Read the alternate data streams, if present.  inode->i_num_ads tells
+        * us how many they are, and they will directly follow the dentry in the
+        * metadata resource buffer.
         *
-        * Here's one interpretation of how the data is laid out.
-        *
-        * struct unknown {
-        *      u32 field1; (always 0x00000001)
-        *      u32 field2; (always 0x40000000)
-        *      u8  data[48]; (???)
-        *      u64 reserved1; (always 0)
-        *      u64 reserved2; (always 0)
-        * };*/
-#if 0
-       if (dentry->length - calculated_size >= WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE) {
-               printf("%s: %lu / %lu (", file_name_utf8, 
-                               calculated_size, dentry->length);
-               print_string(p + WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE, dentry->length - calculated_size - WIM_ADS_ENTRY_DISK_SIZE);
-               puts(")");
-               print_byte_field(p, dentry->length - calculated_size);
-               putchar('\n');
-       }
-#endif
-
-       if (dentry->num_ads != 0) {
-               calculated_size = (calculated_size + 7) & ~7;
-               if (calculated_size > metadata_resource_len - offset) {
-                       ERROR("Not enough space in metadata resource for "
-                             "alternate stream entries");
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_DENTRY;
-                       goto out_free_short_name;
+        * Note that each alternate data stream entry begins on an 8-byte
+        * aligned boundary, and the alternate data stream entries seem to NOT
+        * be included in the dentry->length field for some reason.  */
+       if (unlikely(inode->i_num_ads != 0)) {
+               ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+               if (offset + dentry->length > buf_len ||
+                   (ret = read_ads_entries(&buf[offset + dentry->length],
+                                           inode,
+                                           buf_len - offset - dentry->length)))
+               {
+                       ERROR("Failed to read alternate data stream "
+                             "entries of WIM dentry \"%"WS"\"",
+                             dentry->file_name);
+                       goto err_free_dentry;
                }
-               ret = read_ads_entries(&metadata_resource[offset + calculated_size],
-                                      dentry,
-                                      metadata_resource_len - offset - calculated_size);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       goto out_free_short_name;
        }
 
-       dentry->file_name          = file_name;
-       dentry->file_name_utf8     = file_name_utf8;
-       dentry->short_name         = short_name;
-       dentry->file_name_len      = file_name_len;
-       dentry->file_name_utf8_len = file_name_utf8_len;
-       dentry->short_name_len     = short_name_len;
+       *dentry_ret = dentry;
        return 0;
-out_free_short_name:
-       FREE(short_name);
-out_free_file_name_utf8:
-       FREE(file_name_utf8);
-out_free_file_name:
-       FREE(file_name);
+
+err_free_dentry:
+       free_dentry(dentry);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* 
- * Writes a dentry to an output buffer.
- *
- * @dentry:  The dentry structure.
- * @p:       The memory location to write the data to.
- * @return:  Pointer to the byte after the last byte we wrote as part of the
- *             dentry.
- */
-static u8 *write_dentry(const struct dentry *dentry, u8 *p)
+static bool
+dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(const struct wim_dentry *dentry)
 {
-       u8 *orig_p = p;
-       unsigned padding;
-       const u8 *hash;
-
-       p = put_u64(p, dentry->length);
-       p = put_u32(p, dentry->attributes);
-       p = put_u32(p, dentry->security_id);
-       p = put_u64(p, dentry->subdir_offset);
-       p = put_u64(p, 0); /* unused1 */
-       p = put_u64(p, 0); /* unused2 */
-       p = put_u64(p, dentry->creation_time);
-       p = put_u64(p, dentry->last_access_time);
-       p = put_u64(p, dentry->last_write_time);
-       if (dentry->resolved && dentry->lte)
-               hash = dentry->lte->hash;
-       else
-               hash = dentry->hash;
-       p = put_bytes(p, SHA1_HASH_SIZE, hash);
-       if (dentry->attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-               p = put_zeroes(p, 4);
-               p = put_u32(p, dentry->reparse_tag);
-               p = put_zeroes(p, 4);
-       } else {
-               u64 hard_link;
-               p = put_u32(p, dentry->reparse_tag);
-               if (dentry->link_group_list.next == &dentry->link_group_list)
-                       hard_link = 0;
-               else
-                       hard_link = dentry->hard_link;
-               p = put_u64(p, hard_link);
-       }
-       p = put_u16(p, dentry->num_ads);
-       p = put_u16(p, dentry->short_name_len);
-       p = put_u16(p, dentry->file_name_len);
-       p = put_bytes(p, dentry->file_name_len, (u8*)dentry->file_name);
-       p = put_u16(p, 0); /* filename padding, 2 bytes. */
-       p = put_bytes(p, dentry->short_name_len, (u8*)dentry->short_name);
-
-       wimlib_assert(p - orig_p <= dentry->length);
-       if (p - orig_p < dentry->length)
-               p = put_zeroes(p, dentry->length - (p - orig_p));
-
-       p = put_zeroes(p, (8 - dentry->length % 8) % 8);
-
-       for (u16 i = 0; i < dentry->num_ads; i++) {
-               p = put_u64(p, ads_entry_length(&dentry->ads_entries[i]));
-               p = put_u64(p, 0); /* Unused */
-               if (dentry->resolved && dentry->ads_entries[i].lte)
-                       hash = dentry->ads_entries[i].lte->hash;
-               else
-                       hash = dentry->ads_entries[i].hash;
-               p = put_bytes(p, SHA1_HASH_SIZE, hash);
-               p = put_u16(p, dentry->ads_entries[i].stream_name_len);
-               p = put_bytes(p, dentry->ads_entries[i].stream_name_len,
-                                (u8*)dentry->ads_entries[i].stream_name);
-               p = put_u16(p, 0);
-               p = put_zeroes(p, (8 - (p - orig_p) % 8) % 8);
+       if (dentry->file_name_nbytes <= 4) {
+               if (dentry->file_name_nbytes == 4) {
+                       if (dentry->file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.') &&
+                           dentry->file_name[1] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+                               return true;
+               } else if (dentry->file_name_nbytes == 2) {
+                       if (dentry->file_name[0] == cpu_to_le16('.'))
+                               return true;
+               }
        }
-       return p;
+       return false;
 }
 
-/* Recursive function that writes a dentry tree rooted at @tree, not including
- * @tree itself, which has already been written, except in the case of the root
- * dentry, which is written right away, along with an end-of-directory entry. */
-u8 *write_dentry_tree(const struct dentry *tree, u8 *p)
+static int
+read_dentry_tree_recursive(const u8 * restrict buf, size_t buf_len,
+                          struct wim_dentry * restrict dir)
 {
-       const struct dentry *child;
+       u64 cur_offset = dir->subdir_offset;
+
+       /* Check for cyclic directory structure, which would cause infinite
+        * recursion if not handled.  */
+       for (struct wim_dentry *d = dir->parent;
+            !dentry_is_root(d); d = d->parent)
+       {
+               if (unlikely(d->subdir_offset == cur_offset)) {
+                       ERROR("Cyclic directory structure detected: children "
+                             "of \"%"TS"\" coincide with children of \"%"TS"\"",
+                             dentry_full_path(dir), dentry_full_path(d));
+                       return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (dentry_is_root(tree)) {
-               p = write_dentry(tree, p);
+       for (;;) {
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
+               struct wim_dentry *duplicate;
+               int ret;
 
-               /* write end of directory entry */
-               p = put_u64(p, 0);
-       } else {
-               /* Nothing to do for non-directories */
-               if (!dentry_is_directory(tree))
-                       return p;
-       }
+               /* Read next child of @dir.  */
+               ret = read_dentry(buf, buf_len, cur_offset, &child);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
 
-       /* Write child dentries and end-of-directory entry. */
-       child = tree->children;
-       if (child) {
-               do {
-                       p = write_dentry(child, p);
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != tree->children);
-       }
+               /* Check for end of directory.  */
+               if (child == NULL)
+                       return 0;
+
+               /* Advance to the offset of the next child.  Note: We need to
+                * advance by the TOTAL length of the dentry, not by the length
+                * child->length, which although it does take into account the
+                * padding, it DOES NOT take into account alternate stream
+                * entries.  */
+               cur_offset += dentry_in_total_length(child);
+
+               /* All dentries except the root should be named.  */
+               if (unlikely(!dentry_has_long_name(child))) {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring unnamed dentry in "
+                               "directory \"%"TS"\"", dentry_full_path(dir));
+                       free_dentry(child);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-       /* write end of directory entry */
-       p = put_u64(p, 0);
+               /* Don't allow files named "." or "..".  */
+               if (unlikely(dentry_is_dot_or_dotdot(child))) {
+                       WARNING("Ignoring file named \".\" or \"..\"; "
+                               "potentially malicious archive!!!");
+                       free_dentry(child);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-       /* Recurse on children. */
-       if (child) {
-               do {
-                       p = write_dentry_tree(child, p);
-                       child = child->next;
-               } while (child != tree->children);
+               /* Link the child into the directory.  */
+               duplicate = dentry_add_child(dir, child);
+               if (unlikely(duplicate)) {
+                       /* We already found a dentry with this same
+                        * case-sensitive long name.  Only keep the first one.
+                        */
+                       WARNING("Ignoring duplicate file \"%"TS"\" "
+                               "(the WIM image already contains a file "
+                               "at that path with the exact same name)",
+                               dentry_full_path(duplicate));
+                       free_dentry(child);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* If this child is a directory that itself has children, call
+                * this procedure recursively.  */
+               if (child->subdir_offset != 0) {
+                       if (likely(dentry_is_directory(child))) {
+                               ret = read_dentry_tree_recursive(buf,
+                                                                buf_len,
+                                                                child);
+                               if (ret)
+                                       return ret;
+                       } else {
+                               WARNING("Ignoring children of "
+                                       "non-directory file \"%"TS"\"",
+                                       dentry_full_path(child));
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       return p;
 }
 
-/* Reads the children of a dentry, and all their children, ..., etc. from the
- * metadata resource and into the dentry tree.
+/*
+ * Read a tree of dentries (directory entries) from a WIM metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @buf:
+ *     Buffer containing an uncompressed WIM metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @buf_len:
+ *     Length of the uncompressed metadata resource, in bytes.
  *
- * @metadata_resource: An array that contains the uncompressed metadata
- *                     resource for the WIM file.
- * @metadata_resource_len:     The length of @metadata_resource.
- * @dentry:    A pointer to a struct dentry that is the root of the directory
- *             tree and has already been read from the metadata resource.  It
- *             does not need to be the real root because this procedure is
- *             called recursively.
+ * @root_offset
+ *     Offset in the metadata resource of the root of the dentry tree.
  *
- * @return:    Zero on success, nonzero on failure.
+ * @root_ret:
+ *     On success, either NULL or a pointer to the root dentry is written to
+ *     this location.  The former case only occurs in the unexpected case that
+ *     the tree began with an end-of-directory entry.
+ *
+ * Return values:
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_SUCCESS (0)
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE
+ *     WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM
  */
-int read_dentry_tree(const u8 metadata_resource[], u64 metadata_resource_len,
-                    struct dentry *dentry)
+int
+read_dentry_tree(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_len,
+                u64 root_offset, struct wim_dentry **root_ret)
 {
-       u64 cur_offset = dentry->subdir_offset;
-       struct dentry *prev_child = NULL;
-       struct dentry *first_child = NULL;
-       struct dentry *child;
-       struct dentry cur_child;
        int ret;
+       struct wim_dentry *root;
 
-       /* If @dentry is a regular file, nothing more needs to be done for this
-        * branch. */
-       if (cur_offset == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Find and read all the children of @dentry. */
-       while (1) {
+       DEBUG("Reading dentry tree (root_offset=%"PRIu64")", root_offset);
 
-               /* Read next child of @dentry into @cur_child. */
-               ret = read_dentry(metadata_resource, metadata_resource_len, 
-                                 cur_offset, &cur_child);
-               if (ret != 0)
-                       break;
+       ret = read_dentry(buf, buf_len, root_offset, &root);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-               /* Check for end of directory. */
-               if (cur_child.length == 0) {
-                       ret = 0;
-                       break;
+       if (likely(root != NULL)) {
+               if (unlikely(dentry_has_long_name(root) ||
+                            dentry_has_short_name(root)))
+               {
+                       WARNING("The root directory has a nonempty name; "
+                               "removing it.");
+                       FREE(root->file_name);
+                       FREE(root->short_name);
+                       root->file_name = NULL;
+                       root->short_name = NULL;
+                       root->file_name_nbytes = 0;
+                       root->short_name_nbytes = 0;
                }
 
-               /* Not end of directory.  Allocate this child permanently and
-                * link it to the parent and previous child. */
-               child = MALLOC(sizeof(struct dentry));
-               if (!child) {
-                       ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes for new dentry",
-                             sizeof(struct dentry));
-                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
-                       break;
+               if (unlikely(!dentry_is_directory(root))) {
+                       ERROR("The root of the WIM image is not a directory!");
+                       ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_METADATA_RESOURCE;
+                       goto err_free_dentry_tree;
                }
-               memcpy(child, &cur_child, sizeof(struct dentry));
 
-               if (prev_child) {
-                       prev_child->next = child;
-                       child->prev = prev_child;
-               } else {
-                       first_child = child;
+               if (likely(root->subdir_offset != 0)) {
+                       ret = read_dentry_tree_recursive(buf, buf_len, root);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto err_free_dentry_tree;
                }
+       } else {
+               WARNING("The metadata resource has no directory entries; "
+                       "treating as an empty image.");
+       }
+       *root_ret = root;
+       return 0;
 
-               child->parent = dentry;
-               prev_child = child;
+err_free_dentry_tree:
+       free_dentry_tree(root, NULL);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-               /* If there are children of this child, call this procedure
-                * recursively. */
-               if (child->subdir_offset != 0) {
-                       ret = read_dentry_tree(metadata_resource, 
-                                              metadata_resource_len, child);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               break;
-               }
+/*
+ * Writes a WIM alternate data stream (ADS) entry to an output buffer.
+ *
+ * @ads_entry:  The ADS entry structure.
+ * @hash:       The hash field to use (instead of the one in the ADS entry).
+ * @p:          The memory location to write the data to.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the byte after the last byte written.
+ */
+static u8 *
+write_ads_entry(const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry,
+               const u8 *hash, u8 * restrict p)
+{
+       struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk *disk_ads_entry =
+                       (struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk*)p;
+       u8 *orig_p = p;
+
+       disk_ads_entry->reserved = cpu_to_le64(ads_entry->reserved);
+       copy_hash(disk_ads_entry->hash, hash);
+       disk_ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes);
+       p += sizeof(struct wim_ads_entry_on_disk);
+       if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes) {
+               p = mempcpy(p, ads_entry->stream_name,
+                           ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes + 2);
+       }
+       /* Align to 8-byte boundary */
+       while ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
+               *p++ = 0;
+       disk_ads_entry->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
+       return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a WIM dentry to an output buffer.
+ *
+ * @dentry:  The dentry structure.
+ * @p:       The memory location to write the data to.
+ *
+ * Returns the pointer to the byte after the last byte we wrote as part of the
+ * dentry, including any alternate data stream entries.
+ */
+static u8 *
+write_dentry(const struct wim_dentry * restrict dentry, u8 * restrict p)
+{
+       const struct wim_inode *inode;
+       struct wim_dentry_on_disk *disk_dentry;
+       const u8 *orig_p;
+       const u8 *hash;
+       bool use_dummy_stream;
+       u16 num_ads;
 
-               /* Advance to the offset of the next child. */
-               cur_offset += dentry_total_length(child);
+       wimlib_assert(((uintptr_t)p & 7) == 0); /* 8 byte aligned */
+       orig_p = p;
+
+       inode = dentry->d_inode;
+       use_dummy_stream = inode_needs_dummy_stream(inode);
+       disk_dentry = (struct wim_dentry_on_disk*)p;
+
+       disk_dentry->attributes = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_attributes);
+       disk_dentry->security_id = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_security_id);
+       disk_dentry->subdir_offset = cpu_to_le64(dentry->subdir_offset);
+       disk_dentry->unused_1 = cpu_to_le64(0);
+       disk_dentry->unused_2 = cpu_to_le64(0);
+       disk_dentry->creation_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_creation_time);
+       disk_dentry->last_access_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_last_access_time);
+       disk_dentry->last_write_time = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_last_write_time);
+       if (use_dummy_stream)
+               hash = zero_hash;
+       else
+               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, 0);
+       copy_hash(disk_dentry->unnamed_stream_hash, hash);
+       if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_1 = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_rp_unknown_1);
+               disk_dentry->reparse.reparse_tag = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_reparse_tag);
+               disk_dentry->reparse.rp_unknown_2 = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_rp_unknown_2);
+               disk_dentry->reparse.not_rpfixed = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_not_rpfixed);
+       } else {
+               disk_dentry->nonreparse.rp_unknown_1 = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_rp_unknown_1);
+               disk_dentry->nonreparse.hard_link_group_id =
+                       cpu_to_le64((inode->i_nlink == 1) ? 0 : inode->i_ino);
+       }
+       num_ads = inode->i_num_ads;
+       if (use_dummy_stream)
+               num_ads++;
+       disk_dentry->num_alternate_data_streams = cpu_to_le16(num_ads);
+       disk_dentry->short_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->short_name_nbytes);
+       disk_dentry->file_name_nbytes = cpu_to_le16(dentry->file_name_nbytes);
+       p += sizeof(struct wim_dentry_on_disk);
+
+       wimlib_assert(dentry_is_root(dentry) != dentry_has_long_name(dentry));
+
+       if (dentry_has_long_name(dentry))
+               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->file_name, dentry->file_name_nbytes + 2);
+
+       if (dentry_has_short_name(dentry))
+               p = mempcpy(p, dentry->short_name, dentry->short_name_nbytes + 2);
+
+       /* Align to 8-byte boundary */
+       while ((uintptr_t)p & 7)
+               *p++ = 0;
+
+       /* We calculate the correct length of the dentry ourselves because the
+        * dentry->length field may been set to an unexpected value from when we
+        * read the dentry in (for example, there may have been unknown data
+        * appended to the end of the dentry...).  Furthermore, the dentry may
+        * have been renamed, thus changing its needed length. */
+       disk_dentry->length = cpu_to_le64(p - orig_p);
+
+       if (use_dummy_stream) {
+               hash = inode_unnamed_stream_hash(inode);
+               p = write_ads_entry(&(struct wim_ads_entry){}, hash, p);
        }
 
-       /* Link last child to first one, and set parent's
-        * children pointer to the first child.  */
-       if (prev_child) {
-               prev_child->next = first_child;
-               first_child->prev = prev_child;
+       /* Write the alternate data streams entries, if any. */
+       for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
+               hash = inode_stream_hash(inode, i + 1);
+               p = write_ads_entry(&inode->i_ads_entries[i], hash, p);
        }
-       dentry->children = first_child;
-       return ret;
+
+       return p;
+}
+
+static int
+write_dir_dentries(struct wim_dentry *dir, void *_pp)
+{
+       if (dir->subdir_offset != 0) {
+               u8 **pp = _pp;
+               u8 *p = *pp;
+               struct wim_dentry *child;
+
+               /* write child dentries */
+               for_dentry_child(child, dir)
+                       p = write_dentry(child, p);
+
+               /* write end of directory entry */
+               *(u64*)p = 0;
+               p += 8;
+               *pp = p;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Writes a directory tree to the metadata resource.
+ *
+ * @root:      Root of the dentry tree.
+ * @p:         Pointer to a buffer with enough space for the dentry tree.
+ *
+ * Returns pointer to the byte after the last byte we wrote.
+ */
+u8 *
+write_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry *root, u8 *p)
+{
+       DEBUG("Writing dentry tree.");
+       wimlib_assert(dentry_is_root(root));
+
+       /* write root dentry and end-of-directory entry following it */
+       p = write_dentry(root, p);
+       *(u64*)p = 0;
+       p += 8;
+
+       /* write the rest of the dentry tree */
+       for_dentry_in_tree(root, write_dir_dentries, &p);
+
+       return p;
 }