]> wimlib.net Git - wimlib/blobdiff - programs/imagex.c
translate_text_to_tstr(): Correctly compare byte values
[wimlib] / programs / imagex.c
index 679ece16d0b8efa8e98150ec4de3ef6fe43a412f..772b86ef75463092cd8aa67eeac55c337bb019ef 100644 (file)
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 #ifdef __WIN32__
 #  include "imagex-win32.h"
 #  define tbasename    win32_wbasename
-#  define tglob                win32_wglob
 #  define OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR L'\\'
 #  define OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR_STRING L"\\"
 #else /* __WIN32__ */
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@
 #  include <getopt.h>
 #  include <langinfo.h>
 #  define tbasename    basename
-#  define tglob                glob
 #  define OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
 #  define OS_PREFERRED_PATH_SEPARATOR_STRING "/"
 static inline void set_fd_to_binary_mode(int fd)
@@ -80,7 +78,6 @@ static inline void set_fd_to_binary_mode(int fd)
 #define for_opt(c, opts) while ((c = getopt_long_only(argc, (tchar**)argv, T(""), \
                                opts, NULL)) != -1)
 
-
 enum {
        CMD_NONE = -1,
        CMD_APPEND = 0,
@@ -110,6 +107,9 @@ static void usage_all(FILE *fp);
 static void recommend_man_page(int cmd, FILE *fp);
 static const tchar *get_cmd_string(int cmd, bool nospace);
 
+static int imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
+                               const union wimlib_progress_info *info);
+
 static bool imagex_be_quiet = false;
 static FILE *imagex_info_file;
 
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ enum {
        IMAGEX_COMPRESS_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_CONFIG_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_DEBUG_OPTION,
+       IMAGEX_DELTA_FROM_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_DEREFERENCE_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_DEST_DIR_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_EXTRACT_XML_OPTION,
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ enum {
        IMAGEX_RECOMPRESS_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_RECURSIVE_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_REF_OPTION,
+       IMAGEX_RESUME_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_RPFIX_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_SOFT_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_SOURCE_LIST_OPTION,
@@ -156,6 +158,7 @@ enum {
        IMAGEX_THREADS_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_TO_STDOUT_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_UNIX_DATA_OPTION,
+       IMAGEX_UPDATE_OF_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_VERBOSE_OPTION,
        IMAGEX_XML_OPTION,
 };
@@ -173,6 +176,9 @@ static const struct option apply_options[] = {
        {T("rpfix"),       no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_RPFIX_OPTION},
        {T("norpfix"),     no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_NORPFIX_OPTION},
        {T("include-invalid-names"), no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_INCLUDE_INVALID_NAMES_OPTION},
+
+       /* --resume is undocumented for now as it needs improvement.  */
+       {T("resume"),      no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_RESUME_OPTION},
        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
 };
 
@@ -197,6 +203,8 @@ static const struct option capture_or_append_options[] = {
        {T("norpfix"),     no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_NORPFIX_OPTION},
        {T("pipable"),     no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_PIPABLE_OPTION},
        {T("not-pipable"), no_argument,       NULL, IMAGEX_NOT_PIPABLE_OPTION},
+       {T("update-of"),   required_argument, NULL, IMAGEX_UPDATE_OF_OPTION},
+       {T("delta-from"),  required_argument, NULL, IMAGEX_DELTA_FROM_OPTION},
        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
 };
 
@@ -358,11 +366,13 @@ verify_image_exists(int image, const tchar *image_name, const tchar *wim_name)
        if (image == WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE) {
                imagex_error(T("\"%"TS"\" is not a valid image in \"%"TS"\"!\n"
                             "       Please specify a 1-based image index or "
-                            "image name.\n"
-                            "       You may use `%"TS"' to list the images "
-                            "contained in a WIM."),
-                            image_name, wim_name, get_cmd_string(CMD_INFO, false));
-               return -1;
+                            "image name.  To list the images\n"
+                            "       contained in the WIM archive, run\n"
+                            "\n"
+                            "           %"TS" \"%"TS"\"\n"),
+                            image_name, wim_name,
+                            get_cmd_string(CMD_INFO, false), wim_name);
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
        }
        return 0;
 }
@@ -372,7 +382,7 @@ verify_image_is_single(int image)
 {
        if (image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES) {
                imagex_error(T("Cannot specify all images for this action!"));
-               return -1;
+               return WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
        }
        return 0;
 }
@@ -405,6 +415,75 @@ get_compression_type(const tchar *optarg)
        }
 }
 
+struct refglob_set {
+       const tchar **globs;
+       unsigned num_globs;
+       unsigned num_alloc_globs;
+};
+
+#define REFGLOB_SET_INITIALIZER \
+       { .globs = NULL, .num_globs = 0, .num_alloc_globs = 0, }
+
+#define REFGLOB_SET(_refglobs) \
+       struct refglob_set _refglobs = REFGLOB_SET_INITIALIZER
+
+static int
+refglob_set_append(struct refglob_set *set, const tchar *glob)
+{
+       unsigned num_alloc_globs = set->num_alloc_globs;
+
+       if (set->num_globs == num_alloc_globs) {
+               const tchar **new_globs;
+
+               num_alloc_globs += 4;
+               new_globs = realloc(set->globs, sizeof(set->globs[0]) * num_alloc_globs);
+               if (!new_globs) {
+                       imagex_error(T("Out of memory!"));
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               set->globs = new_globs;
+               set->num_alloc_globs = num_alloc_globs;
+       }
+       set->globs[set->num_globs++] = glob;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+wim_reference_globs(WIMStruct *wim, struct refglob_set *set, int open_flags)
+{
+       return wimlib_reference_resource_files(wim, set->globs, set->num_globs,
+                                              WIMLIB_REF_FLAG_GLOB_ENABLE,
+                                              open_flags,
+                                              imagex_progress_func);
+}
+
+static void
+refglob_set_destroy(struct refglob_set *set)
+{
+       free(set->globs);
+}
+
+static void
+do_resource_not_found_warning(const tchar *wimfile,
+                             const struct wimlib_wim_info *info,
+                             const struct refglob_set *refglobs)
+{
+       if (info->total_parts > 1) {
+               if (refglobs->num_globs == 0) {
+                       imagex_error(T("\"%"TS"\" is part of a split WIM. "
+                                      "Use --ref to specify the other parts."),
+                                    wimfile);
+               } else {
+                       imagex_error(T("Perhaps the '--ref' argument did not "
+                                      "specify all other parts of the split "
+                                      "WIM?"));
+               }
+       } else {
+               imagex_error(T("If this is a delta WIM, use the --ref argument "
+                              "to specify the WIM on which it is based."));
+       }
+}
+
 /* Returns the size of a file given its name, or -1 if the file does not exist
  * or its size cannot be determined.  */
 static off_t
@@ -417,29 +496,6 @@ file_get_size(const tchar *filename)
                return (off_t)-1;
 }
 
-tchar pat_ntfs_log[]                  = T("/$ntfs.log");
-tchar pat_hiberfil_sys[]              = T("/hiberfil.sys");
-tchar pat_pagefile_sys[]              = T("/pagefile.sys");
-tchar pat_system_volume_information[] = T("/System Volume Information");
-tchar pat_recycler[]                  = T("/RECYCLER");
-tchar pat_windows_csc[]               = T("/Windows/CSC");
-
-tchar *default_pats[] = {
-       pat_ntfs_log,
-       pat_hiberfil_sys,
-       pat_pagefile_sys,
-       pat_system_volume_information,
-       pat_recycler,
-       pat_windows_csc,
-};
-
-static struct wimlib_capture_config default_capture_config = {
-       .exclusion_pats = {
-               .num_pats = sizeof(default_pats) / sizeof(default_pats[0]),
-               .pats = default_pats,
-       },
-};
-
 enum {
        PARSE_STRING_SUCCESS = 0,
        PARSE_STRING_FAILURE = 1,
@@ -881,8 +937,8 @@ translate_text_to_tstr(char *text, size_t num_bytes, size_t *num_tchars_ret)
        size_t num_wchars;
 
        if (num_bytes >= 2 &&
-           ((text[0] == 0xff && text[1] == 0xfe) ||
-            (text[0] <= 0x7f && text[1] == 0x00)))
+           (((unsigned char)text[0] == 0xff && (unsigned char)text[1] == 0xfe) ||
+            ((unsigned char)text[0] <= 0x7f && (unsigned char)text[1] == 0x00)))
        {
                /* File begins with 0xfeff, the BOM for UTF-16LE, or it begins
                 * with something that looks like an ASCII character encoded as
@@ -985,6 +1041,7 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                unit_shift = get_unit(info->write_streams.total_bytes, &unit_name);
                percent_done = TO_PERCENT(info->write_streams.completed_bytes,
                                          info->write_streams.total_bytes);
+
                if (info->write_streams.completed_streams == 0) {
                        const tchar *data_type;
 
@@ -993,13 +1050,28 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                                data_type, info->write_streams.num_threads,
                                (info->write_streams.num_threads == 1) ? T("") : T("s"));
                }
-               imagex_printf(T("\r%"PRIu64" %"TS" of %"PRIu64" %"TS" (uncompressed) "
-                       "written (%u%% done)"),
-                       info->write_streams.completed_bytes >> unit_shift,
-                       unit_name,
-                       info->write_streams.total_bytes >> unit_shift,
-                       unit_name,
-                       percent_done);
+               if (info->write_streams.total_parts <= 1) {
+                       imagex_printf(T("\r%"PRIu64" %"TS" of %"PRIu64" %"TS" (uncompressed) "
+                               "written (%u%% done)"),
+                               info->write_streams.completed_bytes >> unit_shift,
+                               unit_name,
+                               info->write_streams.total_bytes >> unit_shift,
+                               unit_name,
+                               percent_done);
+               } else {
+                       imagex_printf(T("\rWriting resources from part %u of %u: "
+                                 "%"PRIu64 " %"TS" of %"PRIu64" %"TS" (%u%%) written"),
+                               (info->write_streams.completed_parts ==
+                                       info->write_streams.total_parts) ?
+                                               info->write_streams.completed_parts :
+                                               info->write_streams.completed_parts + 1,
+                               info->write_streams.total_parts,
+                               info->write_streams.completed_bytes >> unit_shift,
+                               unit_name,
+                               info->write_streams.total_bytes >> unit_shift,
+                               unit_name,
+                               percent_done);
+               }
                if (info->write_streams.completed_bytes >= info->write_streams.total_bytes)
                        imagex_printf(T("\n"));
                break;
@@ -1014,13 +1086,19 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                }
                break;
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY:
-               if (info->scan.excluded)
-                       imagex_printf(T("Excluding \"%"TS"\" from capture\n"), info->scan.cur_path);
-               else
+               switch (info->scan.status) {
+               case WIMLIB_SCAN_DENTRY_OK:
                        imagex_printf(T("Scanning \"%"TS"\"\n"), info->scan.cur_path);
+                       break;
+               case WIMLIB_SCAN_DENTRY_EXCLUDED:
+                       imagex_printf(T("Excluding \"%"TS"\" from capture\n"), info->scan.cur_path);
+                       break;
+               case WIMLIB_SCAN_DENTRY_UNSUPPORTED:
+                       imagex_printf(T("WARNING: Excluding unsupported file or directory\n"
+                                       "         \"%"TS"\" from capture\n"), info->scan.cur_path);
+                       break;
+               }
                break;
-       /*case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_END:*/
-               /*break;*/
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_VERIFY_INTEGRITY:
                unit_shift = get_unit(info->integrity.total_bytes, &unit_name);
                percent_done = TO_PERCENT(info->integrity.completed_bytes,
@@ -1070,10 +1148,6 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                        info->extract.wimfile_name,
                        info->extract.target);
                break;
-       /*case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_DIR_STRUCTURE_BEGIN:*/
-               /*imagex_printf(T("Applying directory structure to %"TS"\n"),*/
-                       /*info->extract.target);*/
-               /*break;*/
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_STREAMS:
                percent_done = TO_PERCENT(info->extract.completed_bytes,
                                          info->extract.total_bytes);
@@ -1088,6 +1162,13 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                if (info->extract.completed_bytes >= info->extract.total_bytes)
                        imagex_printf(T("\n"));
                break;
+       case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_EXTRACT_SPWM_PART_BEGIN:
+               if (info->extract.total_parts != 1) {
+                       imagex_printf(T("\nReading split pipable WIM part %u of %u\n"),
+                                     info->extract.part_number,
+                                     info->extract.total_parts);
+               }
+               break;
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_APPLY_TIMESTAMPS:
                if (info->extract.extract_root_wim_source_path[0] == T('\0'))
                        imagex_printf(T("Setting timestamps on all extracted files...\n"));
@@ -1098,21 +1179,6 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                                info->extract.target);
                }
                break;
-       case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_JOIN_STREAMS:
-               percent_done = TO_PERCENT(info->join.completed_bytes,
-                                         info->join.total_bytes);
-               unit_shift = get_unit(info->join.total_bytes, &unit_name);
-               imagex_printf(T("Writing resources from part %u of %u: "
-                         "%"PRIu64 " %"TS" of %"PRIu64" %"TS" (%u%%) written\n"),
-                       (info->join.completed_parts == info->join.total_parts) ?
-                       info->join.completed_parts : info->join.completed_parts + 1,
-                       info->join.total_parts,
-                       info->join.completed_bytes >> unit_shift,
-                       unit_name,
-                       info->join.total_bytes >> unit_shift,
-                       unit_name,
-                       percent_done);
-               break;
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SPLIT_BEGIN_PART:
                percent_done = TO_PERCENT(info->split.completed_bytes,
                                          info->split.total_bytes);
@@ -1130,7 +1196,7 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                break;
        case WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SPLIT_END_PART:
                if (info->split.completed_bytes == info->split.total_bytes) {
-                       imagex_printf(T("Finished writing part %u of %u WIM parts\n"),
+                       imagex_printf(T("Finished writing split WIM part %u of %u\n"),
                                info->split.cur_part_number,
                                info->split.total_parts);
                }
@@ -1140,7 +1206,7 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
                case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_DELETE:
                        imagex_printf(T("Deleted WIM path "
                                  "\""WIMLIB_WIM_PATH_SEPARATOR_STRING "%"TS"\"\n"),
-                               info->update.command->delete.wim_path);
+                               info->update.command->delete_.wim_path);
                        break;
                case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_RENAME:
                        imagex_printf(T("Renamed WIM path "
@@ -1161,70 +1227,6 @@ imagex_progress_func(enum wimlib_progress_msg msg,
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Open all the split WIM parts that correspond to a file glob.
- *
- * @first_part specifies the first part of the split WIM and it may be either
- * included or omitted from the glob. */
-static int
-open_swms_from_glob(const tchar *swm_glob,
-                   const tchar *first_part,
-                   int open_flags,
-                   WIMStruct ***additional_swms_ret,
-                   unsigned *num_additional_swms_ret)
-{
-       unsigned num_additional_swms = 0;
-       WIMStruct **additional_swms = NULL;
-       glob_t globbuf;
-       int ret;
-
-       /* Warning: glob() is replaced in Windows native builds */
-       ret = tglob(swm_glob, GLOB_ERR | GLOB_NOSORT, NULL, &globbuf);
-       if (ret) {
-               if (ret == GLOB_NOMATCH) {
-                       imagex_error(T("Found no files for glob \"%"TS"\""),
-                                    swm_glob);
-               } else {
-                       imagex_error_with_errno(T("Failed to process glob \"%"TS"\""),
-                                               swm_glob);
-               }
-               ret = -1;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       num_additional_swms = globbuf.gl_pathc;
-       additional_swms = calloc(num_additional_swms, sizeof(additional_swms[0]));
-       if (!additional_swms) {
-               imagex_error(T("Out of memory"));
-               ret = -1;
-               goto out_globfree;
-       }
-       unsigned offset = 0;
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++) {
-               if (tstrcmp(globbuf.gl_pathv[i], first_part) == 0) {
-                       offset++;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               ret = wimlib_open_wim(globbuf.gl_pathv[i],
-                                     open_flags | WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_SPLIT_OK,
-                                     &additional_swms[i - offset],
-                                     imagex_progress_func);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out_close_swms;
-       }
-       *additional_swms_ret = additional_swms;
-       *num_additional_swms_ret = num_additional_swms - offset;
-       ret = 0;
-       goto out_globfree;
-out_close_swms:
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++)
-               wimlib_free(additional_swms[i]);
-       free(additional_swms);
-out_globfree:
-       globfree(&globbuf);
-out:
-       return ret;
-}
-
-
 static unsigned
 parse_num_threads(const tchar *optarg)
 {
@@ -1259,23 +1261,23 @@ update_command_add_option(int op, const tchar *option,
        switch (op) {
        case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_ADD:
                if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--verbose")))
-                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE;
+                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_VERBOSE;
                else if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--unix-data")))
-                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
+                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
                else if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--no-acls")) || !tstrcmp(option, T("--noacls")))
-                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS;
+                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_NO_ACLS;
                else if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--strict-acls")))
-                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS;
+                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS;
                else if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--dereference")))
-                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_DEREFERENCE;
+                       cmd->add.add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_DEREFERENCE;
                else
                        recognized = false;
                break;
        case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_DELETE:
                if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--force")))
-                       cmd->delete.delete_flags |= WIMLIB_DELETE_FLAG_FORCE;
+                       cmd->delete_.delete_flags |= WIMLIB_DELETE_FLAG_FORCE;
                else if (!tstrcmp(option, T("--recursive")))
-                       cmd->delete.delete_flags |= WIMLIB_DELETE_FLAG_RECURSIVE;
+                       cmd->delete_.delete_flags |= WIMLIB_DELETE_FLAG_RECURSIVE;
                else
                        recognized = false;
                break;
@@ -1306,7 +1308,7 @@ update_command_add_nonoption(int op, const tchar *nonoption,
                        cmd->add.wim_target_path = (tchar*)nonoption;
                break;
        case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_DELETE:
-               cmd->delete.wim_path = (tchar*)nonoption;
+               cmd->delete_.wim_path = (tchar*)nonoption;
                break;
        case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_RENAME:
                if (num_nonoptions == 0)
@@ -1453,17 +1455,16 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
 {
        int c;
        int open_flags = WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_SPLIT_OK;
-       int image;
+       int image = WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE;
        WIMStruct *wim;
+       struct wimlib_wim_info info;
        int ret;
        const tchar *wimfile;
        const tchar *target;
-       const tchar *image_num_or_name;
+       const tchar *image_num_or_name = NULL;
        int extract_flags = WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL;
 
-       const tchar *swm_glob = NULL;
-       WIMStruct **additional_swms;
-       unsigned num_additional_swms;
+       REFGLOB_SET(refglobs);
 
        for_opt(c, apply_options) {
                switch (c) {
@@ -1480,7 +1481,9 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_REF_OPTION:
-                       swm_glob = optarg;
+                       ret = refglob_set_append(&refglobs, optarg);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_refglobs;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_UNIX_DATA_OPTION:
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
@@ -1501,6 +1504,9 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_REPLACE_INVALID_FILENAMES;
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_ALL_CASE_CONFLICTS;
                        break;
+               case IMAGEX_RESUME_OPTION:
+                       extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_RESUME;
+                       break;
                default:
                        goto out_usage;
                }
@@ -1514,22 +1520,21 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
 
        if (!tstrcmp(wimfile, T("-"))) {
                /* Attempt to apply pipable WIM from standard input.  */
-               if (argc < 3) {
-                       imagex_error(T("Imagex index or name must be explicitly "
-                                      "specified when applying pipable WIM on "
-                                      "standard input."));
-                       goto out_usage;
+               if (argc == 2) {
+                       image_num_or_name = NULL;
+                       target = argv[1];
+               } else {
+                       image_num_or_name = argv[1];
+                       target = argv[2];
                }
-               image_num_or_name = argv[1];
-               target = argv[2];
                wim = NULL;
-               num_additional_swms = 0;
-               additional_swms = NULL;
        } else {
                ret = wimlib_open_wim(wimfile, open_flags, &wim,
                                      imagex_progress_func);
                if (ret)
-                       goto out;
+                       goto out_free_refglobs;
+
+               wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
 
                if (argc >= 3) {
                        /* Image explicitly specified.  */
@@ -1542,9 +1547,7 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                } else {
                        /* No image specified; default to image 1, but only if the WIM
                         * contains exactly one image.  */
-                       struct wimlib_wim_info info;
 
-                       wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
                        if (info.image_count != 1) {
                                imagex_error(T("\"%"TS"\" contains %d images; "
                                               "Please select one (or all)."),
@@ -1555,17 +1558,17 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        image = 1;
                        target = argv[1];
                }
+       }
 
-               if (swm_glob) {
-                       ret = open_swms_from_glob(swm_glob, wimfile, open_flags,
-                                                 &additional_swms,
-                                                 &num_additional_swms);
-                       if (ret)
-                               goto out_wimlib_free;
-               } else {
-                       additional_swms = NULL;
-                       num_additional_swms = 0;
+       if (refglobs.num_globs) {
+               if (wim == NULL) {
+                       imagex_error(T("Can't specify --ref when applying from stdin!"));
+                       ret = -1;
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
                }
+               ret = wim_reference_globs(wim, &refglobs, open_flags);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_wimlib_free;
        }
 
 #ifndef __WIN32__
@@ -1579,7 +1582,7 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                imagex_error_with_errno(T("Failed to stat \"%"TS"\""),
                                                        target);
                                ret = -1;
-                               goto out_free_swms;
+                               goto out_wimlib_free;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (S_ISBLK(stbuf.st_mode) || S_ISREG(stbuf.st_mode))
@@ -1588,12 +1591,8 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_acquire_restore_privileges();
-#endif
        if (wim) {
                ret = wimlib_extract_image(wim, image, target, extract_flags,
-                                          additional_swms, num_additional_swms,
                                           imagex_progress_func);
        } else {
                set_fd_to_binary_mode(STDIN_FILENO);
@@ -1602,24 +1601,28 @@ imagex_apply(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                                     target, extract_flags,
                                                     imagex_progress_func);
        }
-       if (ret == 0)
+       if (ret == 0) {
                imagex_printf(T("Done applying WIM image.\n"));
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_release_restore_privileges();
-#endif
-out_free_swms:
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++)
-               wimlib_free(additional_swms[i]);
-       free(additional_swms);
+       } else if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND) {
+               if (wim) {
+                       do_resource_not_found_warning(wimfile, &info, &refglobs);
+               } else {
+                       imagex_error(T(        "If you are applying an image "
+                                              "from a split pipable WIM,\n"
+                                      "       make sure you have "
+                                      "concatenated together all parts."));
+               }
+       }
 out_wimlib_free:
        wimlib_free(wim);
-out:
+out_free_refglobs:
+       refglob_set_destroy(&refglobs);
        return ret;
 
 out_usage:
        usage(CMD_APPLY, stderr);
        ret = -1;
-       goto out;
+       goto out_free_refglobs;
 }
 
 /* Create a WIM image from a directory tree, NTFS volume, or multiple files or
@@ -1631,7 +1634,8 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
 {
        int c;
        int open_flags = WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_WRITE_ACCESS;
-       int add_image_flags = WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE;
+       int add_image_flags = WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE |
+                             WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_WINCONFIG;
        int write_flags = 0;
        int compression_type = WIMLIB_COMPRESSION_TYPE_LZX;
        const tchar *wimfile;
@@ -1639,7 +1643,15 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        const tchar *name;
        const tchar *desc;
        const tchar *flags_element = NULL;
+
        WIMStruct *wim;
+       WIMStruct *base_wim;
+       const tchar *base_wimfile = NULL;
+       WIMStruct *template_wim;
+       const tchar *template_wimfile = NULL;
+       const tchar *template_image_name_or_num = NULL;
+       int template_image = WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE;
+
        int ret;
        unsigned num_threads = 0;
 
@@ -1651,7 +1663,7 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        struct wimlib_capture_config *config;
 
        bool source_list = false;
-       size_t source_list_nchars;
+       size_t source_list_nchars = 0;
        tchar *source_list_contents;
        bool capture_sources_malloced;
        struct wimlib_capture_source *capture_sources;
@@ -1672,6 +1684,7 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_CONFIG_OPTION:
                        config_file = optarg;
+                       add_image_flags &= ~WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_WINCONFIG;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_COMPRESS_OPTION:
                        compression_type = get_compression_type(optarg);
@@ -1719,6 +1732,39 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                case IMAGEX_NOT_PIPABLE_OPTION:
                        write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_NOT_PIPABLE;
                        break;
+               case IMAGEX_UPDATE_OF_OPTION:
+                       if (template_image_name_or_num) {
+                               imagex_error(T("'--update-of' can only be "
+                                              "specified one time!"));
+                               goto out_err;
+                       } else {
+                               tchar *colon;
+                               colon = tstrrchr(optarg, T(':'));
+
+                               if (colon) {
+                                       template_wimfile = optarg;
+                                       *colon = T('\0');
+                                       template_image_name_or_num = colon + 1;
+                               } else {
+                                       template_wimfile = NULL;
+                                       template_image_name_or_num = optarg;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case IMAGEX_DELTA_FROM_OPTION:
+                       if (cmd != CMD_CAPTURE) {
+                               imagex_error(T("'--delta-from' is only "
+                                              "valid for capture!"));
+                               goto out_usage;
+                       }
+                       if (base_wimfile) {
+                               imagex_error(T("'--delta-from' can only be "
+                                              "specified one time!"));
+                               goto out_err;
+                       }
+                       base_wimfile = optarg;
+                       write_flags |= WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_SKIP_EXTERNAL_WIMS;
+                       break;
                default:
                        goto out_usage;
                }
@@ -1733,6 +1779,7 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        wimfile = argv[1];
 
        if (!tstrcmp(wimfile, T("-"))) {
+               /* Writing captured WIM to standard output.  */
        #if 0
                if (!(write_flags & WIMLIB_WRITE_FLAG_PIPABLE)) {
                        imagex_error("Can't write a non-pipable WIM to "
@@ -1752,6 +1799,27 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                wim_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
                wimfile = NULL;
                imagex_info_file = stderr;
+               set_fd_to_binary_mode(wim_fd);
+       }
+
+       /* If template image was specified using --update-of=IMAGE rather
+        * than --update-of=WIMFILE:IMAGE, set the default WIMFILE.  */
+       if (template_image_name_or_num && !template_wimfile) {
+               if (base_wimfile) {
+                       /* Capturing delta WIM:  default to base WIM.  */
+                       template_wimfile = base_wimfile;
+               } else if (cmd == CMD_APPEND) {
+                       /* Appending to WIM:  default to WIM being appended to.
+                        */
+                       template_wimfile = wimfile;
+               } else {
+                       /* Capturing a normal (non-delta) WIM, so the WIM file
+                        * *must* be explicitly specified.  */
+                       imagex_error(T("For capture of non-delta WIM, "
+                                      "'--update-of' must specify "
+                                      "WIMFILE:IMAGE!"));
+                       goto out_usage;
+               }
        }
 
        if (argc >= 3) {
@@ -1795,8 +1863,7 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                }
                capture_sources_malloced = true;
        } else {
-               /* Set up capture source in non-source-list mode (could be
-                * either "normal" mode or "NTFS mode"--- see the man page). */
+               /* Set up capture source in non-source-list mode.  */
                capture_sources = alloca(sizeof(struct wimlib_capture_source));
                capture_sources[0].fs_source_path = source;
                capture_sources[0].wim_target_path = NULL;
@@ -1807,6 +1874,7 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        }
 
        if (config_file) {
+               /* Read and parse capture configuration file.  */
                size_t config_len;
 
                config_str = file_get_text_contents(config_file, &config_len);
@@ -1820,9 +1888,13 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_config;
        } else {
-               config = &default_capture_config;
+               /* No capture configuration file specified; use default
+                * configuration for capturing Windows operating systems.  */
+               config = NULL;
+               add_image_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_WINCONFIG;
        }
 
+       /* Open the existing WIM, or create a new one.  */
        if (cmd == CMD_APPEND)
                ret = wimlib_open_wim(wimfile, open_flags, &wim,
                                      imagex_progress_func);
@@ -1832,6 +1904,8 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                goto out_free_config;
 
 #ifndef __WIN32__
+       /* Detect if source is regular file or block device and set NTFS volume
+        * capture mode.  */
        if (!source_list) {
                struct stat stbuf;
 
@@ -1846,16 +1920,16 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                imagex_error_with_errno(T("Failed to stat "
                                                          "\"%"TS"\""), source);
                                ret = -1;
-                               goto out_wimlib_free;
+                               goto out_free_wim;
                        }
                }
        }
 #endif
 
+       /* If the user did not specify an image name, and the basename of the
+        * source already exists as an image name in the WIM file, append a
+        * suffix to make it unique. */
        if (cmd == CMD_APPEND && name_defaulted) {
-               /* If the user did not specify an image name, and the basename
-                * of the source already exists as an image name in the WIM
-                * file, append a suffix to make it unique. */
                unsigned long conflict_idx;
                tchar *name_end = tstrchr(name, T('\0'));
                for (conflict_idx = 1;
@@ -1865,9 +1939,66 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        tsprintf(name_end, T(" (%lu)"), conflict_idx);
                }
        }
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_acquire_capture_privileges();
-#endif
+
+       /* If capturing a delta WIM, reference resources from the base WIM
+        * before adding the new image.  */
+       if (base_wimfile) {
+               ret = wimlib_open_wim(base_wimfile, open_flags,
+                                     &base_wim, imagex_progress_func);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_wim;
+
+               imagex_printf(T("Capturing delta WIM based on \"%"TS"\"\n"),
+                             base_wimfile);
+
+               ret = wimlib_reference_resources(wim, &base_wim, 1, 0);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_base_wim;
+       } else {
+               base_wim = NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* If capturing or appending as an update of an existing (template) image,
+        * open the WIM if needed and parse the image index.  */
+       if (template_image_name_or_num) {
+
+
+               if (template_wimfile == base_wimfile) {
+                       template_wim = base_wim;
+               } else if (template_wimfile == wimfile) {
+                       template_wim = wim;
+               } else {
+                       ret = wimlib_open_wim(template_wimfile, open_flags,
+                                             &template_wim, imagex_progress_func);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_base_wim;
+               }
+
+               template_image = wimlib_resolve_image(template_wim,
+                                                     template_image_name_or_num);
+
+               if (template_image_name_or_num[0] == T('-')) {
+                       tchar *tmp;
+                       unsigned long n;
+                       struct wimlib_wim_info info;
+
+                       wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
+                       n = tstrtoul(template_image_name_or_num + 1, &tmp, 10);
+                       if (n >= 1 && n <= info.image_count &&
+                           *tmp == T('\0') &&
+                           tmp != template_image_name_or_num + 1)
+                       {
+                               template_image = info.image_count - (n - 1);
+                       }
+               }
+               ret = verify_image_exists_and_is_single(template_image,
+                                                       template_image_name_or_num,
+                                                       template_wimfile);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out_free_template_wim;
+       } else {
+               template_wim = NULL;
+       }
 
        ret = wimlib_add_image_multisource(wim,
                                           capture_sources,
@@ -1877,12 +2008,13 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                           add_image_flags,
                                           imagex_progress_func);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_release_privs;
+               goto out_free_template_wim;
 
-       if (desc || flags_element) {
-               /* User provided <DESCRIPTION> or <FLAGS> element.  Get the
-                * index of the image we just added, then use it to call the
-                * appropriate functions.  */
+       if (desc || flags_element || template_image_name_or_num) {
+               /* User provided <DESCRIPTION> or <FLAGS> element, or an image
+                * on which the added one is to be based has been specified with
+                * --update-of.  Get the index of the image we just
+                *  added, then use it to call the appropriate functions.  */
                struct wimlib_wim_info info;
 
                wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
@@ -1892,14 +2024,28 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                                          info.image_count,
                                                          desc);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out_release_privs;
+                               goto out_free_template_wim;
                }
 
                if (flags_element) {
                        ret = wimlib_set_image_flags(wim, info.image_count,
                                                     flags_element);
                        if (ret)
-                               goto out_release_privs;
+                               goto out_free_template_wim;
+               }
+
+               /* Reference template image if the user provided one.  */
+               if (template_image_name_or_num) {
+                       imagex_printf(T("Using image %d "
+                                       "from \"%"TS"\" as template\n"),
+                                       template_image, template_wimfile);
+                       ret = wimlib_reference_template_image(wim,
+                                                             info.image_count,
+                                                             template_wim,
+                                                             template_image,
+                                                             0, NULL);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_template_wim;
                }
        }
 
@@ -1917,14 +2063,16 @@ imagex_capture_or_append(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                         write_flags, num_threads,
                                         imagex_progress_func);
        }
-out_release_privs:
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_release_capture_privileges();
-#endif
-out_wimlib_free:
+out_free_template_wim:
+       /* template_wim may alias base_wim or wim.  */
+       if (template_wim != base_wim && template_wim != wim)
+               wimlib_free(template_wim);
+out_free_base_wim:
+       wimlib_free(base_wim);
+out_free_wim:
        wimlib_free(wim);
 out_free_config:
-       if (config != &default_capture_config) {
+       if (config) {
                free(config->exclusion_pats.pats);
                free(config->exclusion_exception_pats.pats);
                free(config_str);
@@ -2115,14 +2263,13 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        const tchar *dest_name;
        const tchar *dest_desc;
        WIMStruct *src_wim;
+       struct wimlib_wim_info src_info;
        WIMStruct *dest_wim;
        int ret;
        int image;
        struct stat stbuf;
        bool wim_is_new;
-       const tchar *swm_glob = NULL;
-       WIMStruct **additional_swms;
-       unsigned num_additional_swms;
+       REFGLOB_SET(refglobs);
        unsigned num_threads = 0;
 
        for_opt(c, export_options) {
@@ -2143,7 +2290,9 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                goto out_err;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_REF_OPTION:
-                       swm_glob = optarg;
+                       ret = refglob_set_append(&refglobs, optarg);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_refglobs;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_THREADS_OPTION:
                        num_threads = parse_num_threads(optarg);
@@ -2176,7 +2325,9 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                              open_flags | WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_SPLIT_OK, &src_wim,
                              imagex_progress_func);
        if (ret)
-               goto out;
+               goto out_free_refglobs;
+
+       wimlib_get_wim_info(src_wim, &src_info);
 
        /* Determine if the destination is an existing file or not.  If so, we
         * try to append the exported image(s) to it; otherwise, we create a new
@@ -2199,6 +2350,7 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                dest_wimfile = NULL;
                dest_wim_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
                imagex_info_file = stderr;
+               set_fd_to_binary_mode(dest_wim_fd);
        }
        errno = ENOENT;
        if (dest_wimfile != NULL && tstat(dest_wimfile, &stbuf) == 0) {
@@ -2248,9 +2400,6 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        /* The user did not specify a compression type; default
                         * to that of the source WIM.  */
 
-                       struct wimlib_wim_info src_info;
-
-                       wimlib_get_wim_info(src_wim, &src_info);
                        compression_type = src_info.compression_type;
                }
                ret = wimlib_create_new_wim(compression_type, &dest_wim);
@@ -2263,22 +2412,30 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        if (ret)
                goto out_free_dest_wim;
 
-       if (swm_glob) {
-               ret = open_swms_from_glob(swm_glob, src_wimfile, open_flags,
-                                         &additional_swms,
-                                         &num_additional_swms);
+       if (refglobs.num_globs) {
+               ret = wim_reference_globs(src_wim, &refglobs, open_flags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_dest_wim;
-       } else {
-               additional_swms = NULL;
-               num_additional_swms = 0;
+       }
+
+       if ((export_flags & WIMLIB_EXPORT_FLAG_BOOT) &&
+           image == WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES && src_info.boot_index == 0)
+       {
+               imagex_error(T("--boot specified for all-images export, but source WIM "
+                              "has no bootable image."));
+               ret = -1;
+               goto out_free_dest_wim;
        }
 
        ret = wimlib_export_image(src_wim, image, dest_wim, dest_name,
-                                 dest_desc, export_flags, additional_swms,
-                                 num_additional_swms, imagex_progress_func);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out_free_swms;
+                                 dest_desc, export_flags, imagex_progress_func);
+       if (ret) {
+               if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND) {
+                       do_resource_not_found_warning(src_wimfile,
+                                                     &src_info, &refglobs);
+               }
+               goto out_free_dest_wim;
+       }
 
        if (!wim_is_new)
                ret = wimlib_overwrite(dest_wim, write_flags, num_threads,
@@ -2291,24 +2448,19 @@ imagex_export(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                ret = wimlib_write_to_fd(dest_wim, dest_wim_fd,
                                         WIMLIB_ALL_IMAGES, write_flags,
                                         num_threads, imagex_progress_func);
-       if (ret)
-               imagex_error(T("Export failed."));
-out_free_swms:
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++)
-               wimlib_free(additional_swms[i]);
-       free(additional_swms);
 out_free_dest_wim:
        wimlib_free(dest_wim);
 out_free_src_wim:
        wimlib_free(src_wim);
-out:
+out_free_refglobs:
+       refglob_set_destroy(&refglobs);
        return ret;
 
 out_usage:
        usage(CMD_EXPORT, stderr);
 out_err:
        ret = -1;
-       goto out;
+       goto out_free_refglobs;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -2386,9 +2538,7 @@ imagex_extract(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        tchar *dest_dir = T(".");
        int extract_flags = WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL | WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NORPFIX;
 
-       const tchar *swm_glob = NULL;
-       WIMStruct **additional_swms;
-       unsigned num_additional_swms;
+       REFGLOB_SET(refglobs);
 
        struct wimlib_extract_command *cmds;
        size_t num_cmds;
@@ -2402,7 +2552,9 @@ imagex_extract(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_VERBOSE;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_REF_OPTION:
-                       swm_glob = optarg;
+                       ret = refglob_set_append(&refglobs, optarg);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_refglobs;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_UNIX_DATA_OPTION:
                        extract_flags |= WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
@@ -2457,23 +2609,13 @@ imagex_extract(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        if (ret)
                goto out_wimlib_free;
 
-       if (swm_glob) {
-               ret = open_swms_from_glob(swm_glob, wimfile, open_flags,
-                                         &additional_swms,
-                                         &num_additional_swms);
+       if (refglobs.num_globs) {
+               ret = wim_reference_globs(wim, &refglobs, open_flags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_wimlib_free;
-       } else {
-               additional_swms = NULL;
-               num_additional_swms = 0;
        }
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_acquire_restore_privileges();
-#endif
-
        ret = wimlib_extract_files(wim, image, cmds, num_cmds, 0,
-                                  additional_swms, num_additional_swms,
                                   imagex_progress_func);
        if (ret == 0) {
                if (!imagex_be_quiet)
@@ -2483,25 +2625,25 @@ imagex_extract(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                                   "files and directories\n"
                                   "      are in the WIM image.\n"),
                                get_cmd_string(CMD_INFO, false));
+       } else if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND) {
+               struct wimlib_wim_info info;
+
+               wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
+               do_resource_not_found_warning(wimfile, &info, &refglobs);
        }
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       win32_release_restore_privileges();
-#endif
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++)
-               wimlib_free(additional_swms[i]);
-       free(additional_swms);
 out_wimlib_free:
        wimlib_free(wim);
 out_free_cmds:
        free_extract_commands(cmds, num_cmds, dest_dir);
-out:
+out_free_refglobs:
+       refglob_set_destroy(&refglobs);
        return ret;
 
 out_usage:
        usage(CMD_EXTRACT, stderr);
 out_err:
        ret = -1;
-       goto out;
+       goto out_free_refglobs;
 }
 
 static void print_byte_field(const uint8_t field[], size_t len)
@@ -2664,8 +2806,7 @@ imagex_info(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        image = wimlib_resolve_image(wim, image_num_or_name);
        ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_IMAGE;
        if (image == WIMLIB_NO_IMAGE && tstrcmp(image_num_or_name, T("0"))) {
-               imagex_error(T("The image \"%"TS"\" does not exist in \"%"TS"\""),
-                            image_num_or_name, wimfile);
+               verify_image_exists(image, image_num_or_name, wimfile);
                if (boot) {
                        imagex_error(T("If you would like to set the boot "
                                       "index to 0, specify image \"0\" with "
@@ -2905,15 +3046,15 @@ imagex_mount_rw_or_ro(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        int c;
        int mount_flags = 0;
        int open_flags = WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_SPLIT_OK;
-       const tchar *swm_glob = NULL;
        const tchar *staging_dir = NULL;
        const tchar *wimfile;
        const tchar *dir;
        WIMStruct *wim;
+       struct wimlib_wim_info info;
        int image;
        int ret;
-       WIMStruct **additional_swms;
-       unsigned num_additional_swms;
+
+       REFGLOB_SET(refglobs);
 
        if (cmd == CMD_MOUNTRW) {
                mount_flags |= WIMLIB_MOUNT_FLAG_READWRITE;
@@ -2945,7 +3086,9 @@ imagex_mount_rw_or_ro(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                        }
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_REF_OPTION:
-                       swm_glob = optarg;
+                       ret = refglob_set_append(&refglobs, optarg);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto out_free_refglobs;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_STAGING_DIR_OPTION:
                        staging_dir = optarg;
@@ -2966,7 +3109,9 @@ imagex_mount_rw_or_ro(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
 
        ret = wimlib_open_wim(wimfile, open_flags, &wim, imagex_progress_func);
        if (ret)
-               goto out;
+               goto out_free_refglobs;
+
+       wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
 
        if (argc >= 3) {
                /* Image explicitly specified.  */
@@ -2978,9 +3123,7 @@ imagex_mount_rw_or_ro(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        } else {
                /* No image specified; default to image 1, but only if the WIM
                 * contains exactly one image.  */
-               struct wimlib_wim_info info;
 
-               wimlib_get_wim_info(wim, &info);
                if (info.image_count != 1) {
                        imagex_error(T("\"%"TS"\" contains %d images; Please "
                                       "select one."), wimfile, info.image_count);
@@ -2991,36 +3134,28 @@ imagex_mount_rw_or_ro(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                dir = argv[1];
        }
 
-       if (swm_glob) {
-               ret = open_swms_from_glob(swm_glob, wimfile, open_flags,
-                                         &additional_swms,
-                                         &num_additional_swms);
+       if (refglobs.num_globs) {
+               ret = wim_reference_globs(wim, &refglobs, open_flags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_wim;
-       } else {
-               additional_swms = NULL;
-               num_additional_swms = 0;
        }
 
-       ret = wimlib_mount_image(wim, image, dir, mount_flags, additional_swms,
-                                num_additional_swms, staging_dir);
+       ret = wimlib_mount_image(wim, image, dir, mount_flags, staging_dir);
        if (ret) {
                imagex_error(T("Failed to mount image %d from \"%"TS"\" "
                               "on \"%"TS"\""),
                             image, wimfile, dir);
        }
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_additional_swms; i++)
-               wimlib_free(additional_swms[i]);
-       free(additional_swms);
 out_free_wim:
        wimlib_free(wim);
-out:
+out_free_refglobs:
+       refglob_set_destroy(&refglobs);
        return ret;
 
 out_usage:
        usage(cmd, stderr);
        ret = -1;
-       goto out;
+       goto out_free_refglobs;
 }
 #endif /* WIM_MOUNTING_SUPPORTED */
 
@@ -3228,7 +3363,7 @@ imagex_update(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        int open_flags = WIMLIB_OPEN_FLAG_WRITE_ACCESS;
        int write_flags = 0;
        int update_flags = WIMLIB_UPDATE_FLAG_SEND_PROGRESS;
-       int default_add_flags = WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE;
+       int default_add_flags = WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_EXCLUDE_VERBOSE;
        int default_delete_flags = 0;
        unsigned num_threads = 0;
        int c;
@@ -3281,24 +3416,25 @@ imagex_update(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
 
                /* Global add option */
                case IMAGEX_CONFIG_OPTION:
+                       default_add_flags &= ~WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_WINCONFIG;
                        config_file = optarg;
                        break;
 
                /* Default add options */
                case IMAGEX_VERBOSE_OPTION:
-                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE;
+                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_VERBOSE;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_DEREFERENCE_OPTION:
-                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_DEREFERENCE;
+                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_DEREFERENCE;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_UNIX_DATA_OPTION:
-                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
+                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_UNIX_DATA;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_NO_ACLS_OPTION:
-                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS;
+                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_NO_ACLS;
                        break;
                case IMAGEX_STRICT_ACLS_OPTION:
-                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS;
+                       default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_STRICT_ACLS;
                        break;
                default:
                        goto out_usage;
@@ -3352,7 +3488,8 @@ imagex_update(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
                if (ret)
                        goto out_free_config;
        } else {
-               config = &default_capture_config;
+               config = NULL;
+               default_add_flags |= WIMLIB_ADD_FLAG_WINCONFIG;
        }
 
        /* Read update commands from standard input, or the command string if
@@ -3382,46 +3519,35 @@ imagex_update(int argc, tchar **argv, int cmd)
        }
 
        /* Set default flags and capture config on the update commands */
-       bool have_add_command = false;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_cmds; i++) {
                switch (cmds[i].op) {
                case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_ADD:
                        cmds[i].add.add_flags |= default_add_flags;
                        cmds[i].add.config = config;
-                       have_add_command = true;
                        break;
                case WIMLIB_UPDATE_OP_DELETE:
-                       cmds[i].delete.delete_flags |= default_delete_flags;
+                       cmds[i].delete_.delete_flags |= default_delete_flags;
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
 
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (have_add_command)
-               win32_acquire_capture_privileges();
-#endif
-
        /* Execute the update commands */
        ret = wimlib_update_image(wim, image, cmds, num_cmds, update_flags,
                                  imagex_progress_func);
        if (ret)
-               goto out_release_privs;
+               goto out_free_cmds;
 
        /* Overwrite the updated WIM */
        ret = wimlib_overwrite(wim, write_flags, num_threads,
                               imagex_progress_func);
-out_release_privs:
-#ifdef __WIN32__
-       if (have_add_command)
-               win32_release_capture_privileges();
-#endif
+out_free_cmds:
        free(cmds);
 out_free_cmd_file_contents:
        free(cmd_file_contents);
 out_free_config:
-       if (config != &default_capture_config) {
+       if (config) {
                free(config->exclusion_pats.pats);
                free(config->exclusion_exception_pats.pats);
                free(config_str);
@@ -3471,17 +3597,17 @@ static const struct imagex_command imagex_commands[] = {
 static const tchar *usage_strings[] = {
 [CMD_APPEND] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" (DIRECTORY | NTFS_VOLUME) WIMFILE [IMAGE_NAME]\n"
-"                    [DESCRIPTION] [--boot] [--check] [--nocheck]\n"
-"                    [--flags EDITION_ID] [--verbose] [--dereference]\n"
-"                    [--config=FILE] [--threads=NUM_THREADS] [--rebuild]\n"
-"                    [--unix-data] [--source-list] [--no-acls]\n"
+"    %"TS" (DIRECTORY | NTFS_VOLUME) WIMFILE\n"
+"                    [IMAGE_NAME [IMAGE_DESCRIPTION]] [--boot] [--check]\n"
+"                    [--nocheck] [--flags EDITION_ID] [--verbose]\n"
+"                    [--dereference] [--config=FILE] [--threads=NUM_THREADS]\n"
+"                    [--rebuild] [--unix-data] [--source-list] [--no-acls]\n"
 "                    [--strict-acls] [--rpfix] [--norpfix] [--pipable]\n"
-"                    [--not-pipable]\n"
+"                    [--not-pipable] [--update-of=[WIMFILE:]IMAGE]\n"
 ),
 [CMD_APPLY] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" WIMFILE [IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME | all]\n"
+"    %"TS" WIMFILE [(IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME | all)]\n"
 "                    (DIRECTORY | NTFS_VOLUME) [--check] [--hardlink]\n"
 "                    [--symlink] [--verbose] [--ref=\"GLOB\"] [--unix-data]\n"
 "                    [--no-acls] [--strict-acls] [--rpfix] [--norpfix]\n"
@@ -3489,13 +3615,13 @@ T(
 ),
 [CMD_CAPTURE] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" (DIRECTORY | NTFS_VOLUME) WIMFILE [IMAGE_NAME]\n"
-"                    [DESCRIPTION] [--boot] [--check] [--nocheck]\n"
-"                    [--compress=TYPE] [--flags EDITION_ID] [--verbose]\n"
-"                    [--dereference] [--config=FILE]\n"
+"    %"TS" (DIRECTORY | NTFS_VOLUME) WIMFILE\n"
+"                   [IMAGE_NAME [IMAGE_DESCRIPTION]] [--boot] [--check]\n"
+"                    [--nocheck] [--compress=TYPE] [--flags EDITION_ID]\n"
+"                    [--verbose] [--dereference] [--config=FILE]\n"
 "                    [--threads=NUM_THREADS] [--unix-data] [--source-list]\n"
-"                    [--no-acls] [--strict-acls] [--rpfix] [--norpfix]\n"
-"                    [--pipable] [--not-pipable]\n"
+"                    [--no-acls] [--strict-acls] [--norpfix] [--pipable]\n"
+"                    [--update-of=[WIMFILE:]IMAGE] [--delta-from=WIMFILE]\n"
 ),
 [CMD_DELETE] =
 T(
@@ -3509,7 +3635,7 @@ T(
 [CMD_EXPORT] =
 T(
 "    %"TS" SRC_WIMFILE (SRC_IMAGE_NUM | SRC_IMAGE_NAME | all ) \n"
-"                    DEST_WIMFILE [DEST_IMAGE_NAME] [DEST_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION]\n"
+"                    DEST_WIMFILE [DEST_IMAGE_NAME [DEST_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION]]\n"
 "                    [--boot] [--check] [--nocheck] [--compress=TYPE]\n"
 "                    [--ref=\"GLOB\"] [--threads=NUM_THREADS] [--rebuild]\n"
 "                    [--pipable] [--not-pipable]\n"
@@ -3518,30 +3644,30 @@ T(
 T(
 "    %"TS" WIMFILE (IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME) [PATH...]\n"
 "                    [--check] [--ref=\"GLOB\"] [--verbose] [--unix-data]\n"
-"                    [--no-acls] [--strict-acls] [--to-stdout] [--dest-dir=CMD_DIR]\n"
-"                    [--include-invalid-names]\n"
+"                    [--no-acls] [--strict-acls] [--to-stdout]\n"
+"                    [--dest-dir=CMD_DIR] [--include-invalid-names]\n"
 ),
 [CMD_INFO] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" WIMFILE [IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME] [NEW_NAME]\n"
-"                    [NEW_DESC] [--boot] [--check] [--nocheck] [--header]\n"
+"    %"TS" WIMFILE [(IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME) [NEW_NAME\n"
+"                    [NEW_DESC]]] [--boot] [--check] [--nocheck] [--header]\n"
 "                    [--lookup-table] [--xml] [--extract-xml FILE]\n"
 "                    [--metadata]\n"
 ),
 [CMD_JOIN] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" [--check] WIMFILE SPLIT_WIM...\n"
+"    %"TS" OUT_WIMFILE SPLIT_WIM_PART... [--check]\n"
 ),
 #if WIM_MOUNTING_SUPPORTED
 [CMD_MOUNT] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" WIMFILE (IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME) DIRECTORY\n"
+"    %"TS" WIMFILE [(IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME)] DIRECTORY\n"
 "                    [--check] [--debug] [--streams-interface=INTERFACE]\n"
 "                    [--ref=\"GLOB\"] [--unix-data] [--allow-other]\n"
 ),
 [CMD_MOUNTRW] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" WIMFILE [IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME] DIRECTORY\n"
+"    %"TS" WIMFILE [(IMAGE_NUM | IMAGE_NAME)] DIRECTORY\n"
 "                    [--check] [--debug] [--streams-interface=INTERFACE]\n"
 "                    [--staging-dir=CMD_DIR] [--unix-data] [--allow-other]\n"
 ),
@@ -3553,7 +3679,7 @@ T(
 ),
 [CMD_SPLIT] =
 T(
-"    %"TS" WIMFILE SPLIT_WIMFILE PART_SIZE_MB [--check]\n"
+"    %"TS" WIMFILE SPLIT_WIM_PART_1 PART_SIZE_MB [--check]\n"
 ),
 #if WIM_MOUNTING_SUPPORTED
 [CMD_UNMOUNT] =
@@ -3570,32 +3696,33 @@ T(
 };
 
 static const tchar *invocation_name;
-static bool using_cmd_from_invocation_name = false;
+static int invocation_cmd = CMD_NONE;
 
 static const tchar *get_cmd_string(int cmd, bool nospace)
 {
-
-       if (using_cmd_from_invocation_name || cmd == CMD_NONE) {
-               return invocation_name;
+       static tchar buf[50];
+       if (cmd == CMD_NONE) {
+               tsprintf(buf, T("%"TS), T(IMAGEX_PROGNAME));
+       } else if (invocation_cmd != CMD_NONE) {
+               tsprintf(buf, T("wim%"TS), imagex_commands[cmd].name);
        } else {
                const tchar *format;
-               static tchar buf[50];
 
                if (nospace)
                        format = T("%"TS"-%"TS"");
                else
                        format = T("%"TS" %"TS"");
                tsprintf(buf, format, invocation_name, imagex_commands[cmd].name);
-               return buf;
        }
+       return buf;
 }
 
 static void
 version(void)
 {
-       static const tchar *format =
+       static const tchar *s =
        T(
-"%"TS" (" PACKAGE ") " PACKAGE_VERSION "\n"
+IMAGEX_PROGNAME " (" PACKAGE ") " PACKAGE_VERSION "\n"
 "Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Eric Biggers\n"
 "License GPLv3+; GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.\n"
 "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
@@ -3603,7 +3730,7 @@ version(void)
 "\n"
 "Report bugs to "PACKAGE_BUGREPORT".\n"
        );
-       tprintf(format, invocation_name);
+       tfputs(s, stdout);
 }
 
 
@@ -3728,15 +3855,15 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                        if (!tstrcmp(invocation_name + 3,
                                     imagex_commands[i].name))
                        {
-                               using_cmd_from_invocation_name = true;
+                               invocation_cmd = i;
                                cmd = i;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       /* Unless already known from the invocation name, search for the
-        * function to handle the specified subcommand.  */
+       /* Unless already known from the invocation name, determine which
+        * command was specified.  */
        if (cmd == CMD_NONE) {
                if (argc < 2) {
                        imagex_error(T("No command specified!\n"));
@@ -3755,20 +3882,24 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                }
        }
 
-       /* Handle --help and --version for all commands.  Note that this will
-        * not return if either of these arguments are present. */
+       /* Handle --help and --version.  --help can be either for the program as
+        * a whole (cmd == CMD_NONE) or just for a specific command (cmd !=
+        * CMD_NONE).  Note: help_or_version() will not return if a --help or
+        * --version argument was found.  */
        help_or_version(argc, argv, cmd);
 
+       /* Bail if a valid command was not specified.  */
        if (cmd == CMD_NONE) {
                imagex_error(T("Unrecognized command: `%"TS"'\n"), argv[1]);
                usage_all(stderr);
                exit(2);
        }
 
-       /* The user may like to see more informative error messages.  */
+       /* Enable warning and error messages in wimlib be more user-friendly.
+        * */
        wimlib_set_print_errors(true);
 
-       /* Initialize the library.  */
+       /* Initialize wimlib.  */
        ret = wimlib_global_init(init_flags);
        if (ret)
                goto out_check_status;
@@ -3786,9 +3917,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
        }
 out_check_status:
        /* Exit status (ret):  -1 indicates an error found by 'wimlib-imagex'
-        * outside of the wimlib library code.  0 indicates success.  > 0
-        * indicates a wimlib error code from which an error message can be
-        * printed.  */
+        * itself (not by wimlib).  0 indicates success.  > 0 indicates a wimlib
+        * error code from which an error message can be printed.  */
        if (ret > 0) {
                imagex_error(T("Exiting with error code %d:\n"
                               "       %"TS"."), ret,
@@ -3796,8 +3926,8 @@ out_check_status:
                if (ret == WIMLIB_ERR_NTFS_3G && errno != 0)
                        imagex_error_with_errno(T("errno"));
        }
-       /* Make the library free any resources it's holding (not strictly
-        * necessary because the process is ending anyway).  */
+       /* Make wimlib free any resources it's holding (although this is not
+        * strictly necessary because the process is ending anyway).  */
        wimlib_global_cleanup();
        return ret;
 }