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   1 /*
   2  * win32.c
   3  *
   4  * All the library code specific to native Windows builds is in here.
   5  */
   6
   7 /*
   8  * Copyright (C) 2013 Eric Biggers
   9  *
  10  * This file is part of wimlib, a library for working with WIM files.
  11  *
  12  * wimlib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
  13  * terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
  14  * Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
  15  * any later version.
  16  *
  17  * wimlib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
  18  * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
  19  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
  20  * details.
  21  *
  22  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  23  * along with wimlib; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  24  */
  25
  26 #ifndef __WIN32__
  27 #  error "This file contains Windows code"
  28 #endif
  29
  30 #include "config.h"
  31 #include <windows.h>
  32 #include <ntdef.h>
  33 #include <wchar.h>
  34 #include <shlwapi.h> /* shlwapi.h for PathMatchSpecA() */
  35 #ifdef ERROR /* windows.h defines this */
  36 #  undef ERROR
  37 #endif
  38
  39 #include "win32.h"
  40 #include "dentry.h"
  41 #include "lookup_table.h"
  42 #include "security.h"
  43 #include "endianness.h"
  44
  45 #include <errno.h>
  46
  47
  48
  49 /* Pointers to functions that are not available on all targetted versions of
  50  * Windows (XP and later).  NOTE: The WINAPI annotations seem to be important; I
  51  * assume it specifies a certain calling convention. */
  52
  53 /* Vista and later */
  54 static HANDLE (WINAPI *win32func_FindFirstStreamW)(LPCWSTR lpFileName,
  55                                             STREAM_INFO_LEVELS InfoLevel,
  56                                             LPVOID lpFindStreamData,
  57                                             DWORD dwFlags) = NULL;
  58
  59 /* Vista and later */
  60 static BOOL (WINAPI *win32func_FindNextStreamW)(HANDLE hFindStream,
  61                                          LPVOID lpFindStreamData) = NULL;
  62
  63 static HMODULE hKernel32 = NULL;
  64
  65 /* Try to dynamically load some functions */
  66 void
  67 win32_global_init()
  68 {
  69         DWORD err;
  70         bool warned;
  71
  72
  73         if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
  74                 DEBUG("Loading Kernel32.dll");
  75                 hKernel32 = LoadLibraryA("Kernel32.dll");
  76                 if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
  77                         err = GetLastError();
  78                         WARNING("Can't load Kernel32.dll");
  79                         win32_error(err);
  80                         return;
  81                 }
  82         }
  83
  84         DEBUG("Looking for FindFirstStreamW");
  85         win32func_FindFirstStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindFirstStreamW");
  86         if (!win32func_FindFirstStreamW) {
  87                 WARNING("Could not find function FindFirstStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
  88                 WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
  89                 return;
  90         }
  91
  92         DEBUG("Looking for FindNextStreamW");
  93         win32func_FindNextStreamW = (void*)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "FindNextStreamW");
  94         if (!win32func_FindNextStreamW) {
  95                 WARNING("Could not find function FindNextStreamW() in Kernel32.dll!");
  96                 WARNING("Capturing alternate data streams will not be supported.");
  97                 win32func_FindFirstStreamW = NULL;
  98         }
  99 }
 100
 101 void
 102 win32_global_cleanup()
 103 {
 104         if (hKernel32 != NULL) {
 105                 DEBUG("Closing Kernel32.dll");
 106                 FreeLibrary(hKernel32);
 107                 hKernel32 = NULL;
 108         }
 109 }
 110
 111 static const char *access_denied_msg =
 112 "         If you are not running this program as the administrator, you may\n"
 113 "         need to do so, so that all data and metadata can be backed up.\n"
 114 "         Otherwise, there may be no way to access the desired data or\n"
 115 "         metadata without taking ownership of the file or directory.\n";
 116
 117 #ifdef ENABLE_ERROR_MESSAGES
 118 void
 119 win32_error(u32 err_code)
 120 {
 121         char *buffer;
 122         DWORD nchars;
 123         nchars = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
 124                                 NULL, err_code, 0,
 125                                 (char*)&buffer, 0, NULL);
 126         if (nchars == 0) {
 127                 ERROR("Error printing error message! "
 128                       "Computer will self-destruct in 3 seconds.");
 129         } else {
 130                 ERROR("Win32 error: %s", buffer);
 131                 LocalFree(buffer);
 132         }
 133 }
 134
 135 void
 136 win32_error_last()
 137 {
 138         win32_error(GetLastError());
 139 }
 140 #endif
 141
 142 static HANDLE
 143 win32_open_existing_file(const wchar_t *path, DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
 144 {
 145         return CreateFileW(path,
 146                            dwDesiredAccess,
 147                            FILE_SHARE_READ,
 148                            NULL, /* lpSecurityAttributes */
 149                            OPEN_EXISTING,
 150                            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS |
 151                                FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
 152                            NULL /* hTemplateFile */);
 153 }
 154
 155 HANDLE
 156 win32_open_file_data_only(const wchar_t *path)
 157 {
 158         return win32_open_existing_file(path, FILE_READ_DATA);
 159 }
 160
 161 int
 162 win32_read_file(const mbchar *filename,
 163                 void *handle, u64 offset, size_t size, void *buf)
 164 {
 165         HANDLE h = handle;
 166         DWORD err;
 167         DWORD bytesRead;
 168         LARGE_INTEGER liOffset = {.QuadPart = offset};
 169
 170         wimlib_assert(size <= 0xffffffff);
 171
 172         if (SetFilePointerEx(h, liOffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN))
 173                 if (ReadFile(h, buf, size, &bytesRead, NULL) && bytesRead == size)
 174                         return 0;
 175         err = GetLastError();
 176         ERROR("Error reading \"%s\"", filename);
 177         win32_error(err);
 178         return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 179 }
 180
 181 void
 182 win32_close_file(void *handle)
 183 {
 184         CloseHandle((HANDLE)handle);
 185 }
 186
 187 static u64
 188 FILETIME_to_u64(const FILETIME *ft)
 189 {
 190         return ((u64)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) | (u64)ft->dwLowDateTime;
 191 }
 192
 193 static int
 194 win32_get_short_name(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
 195                      const wchar_t *path_utf16)
 196 {
 197         WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
 198         if (FindFirstFileW(path_utf16, &dat) &&
 199             dat.cAlternateFileName[0] != L'\0')
 200         {
 201                 size_t short_name_nbytes = wcslen(dat.cAlternateFileName) * 2;
 202                 size_t n = short_name_nbytes + sizeof(wchar_t);
 203                 dentry->short_name = MALLOC(n);
 204                 if (!dentry->short_name)
 205                         return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 206                 memcpy(dentry->short_name, dat.cAlternateFileName, n);
 207                 dentry->short_name_nbytes = short_name_nbytes;
 208         }
 209         return 0;
 210 }
 211
 212 static int
 213 win32_get_security_descriptor(struct wim_dentry *dentry,
 214                               struct sd_set *sd_set,
 215                               const wchar_t *path_utf16)
 216 {
 217         SECURITY_INFORMATION requestedInformation;
 218         DWORD lenNeeded = 0;
 219         BOOL status;
 220         DWORD err;
 221
 222         requestedInformation = DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
 223                                SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
 224                                OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
 225                                GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
 226         /* Request length of security descriptor */
 227         status = GetFileSecurityW(path_utf16, requestedInformation,
 228                                   NULL, 0, &lenNeeded);
 229         err = GetLastError();
 230         if (!status && err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
 231                 DWORD len = lenNeeded;
 232                 char buf[len];
 233                 if (GetFileSecurityW(path_utf16, requestedInformation,
 234                                      (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)buf, len, &lenNeeded))
 235                 {
 236                         int security_id = sd_set_add_sd(sd_set, buf, len);
 237                         if (security_id < 0)
 238                                 return WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 239                         else {
 240                                 dentry->d_inode->i_security_id = security_id;
 241                                 return 0;
 242                         }
 243                 } else {
 244                         err = GetLastError();
 245                 }
 246         }
 247
 248         if (err == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
 249                 WARNING("Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\": "
 250                         "Access denied!\n%s", path_utf16, access_denied_msg);
 251                 return 0;
 252         } else {
 253                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read security descriptor of \"%ls\"",
 254                       path_utf16);
 255                 win32_error(err);
 256                 return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 257         }
 258 }
 259
 260 /* Reads the directory entries of directory using a Win32 API and recursively
 261  * calls win32_build_dentry_tree() on them. */
 262 static int
 263 win32_recurse_directory(struct wim_dentry *root,
 264                         const mbchar *root_disk_path,
 265                         struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
 266                         struct wim_security_data *sd,
 267                         const struct capture_config *config,
 268                         int add_image_flags,
 269                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
 270                         struct sd_set *sd_set,
 271                         const wchar_t *path_utf16,
 272                         size_t path_utf16_nchars)
 273 {
 274         WIN32_FIND_DATAW dat;
 275         HANDLE hFind;
 276         DWORD err;
 277         int ret;
 278
 279         {
 280                 /* Begin reading the directory by calling FindFirstFileW.
 281                  * Unlike UNIX opendir(), FindFirstFileW has file globbing built
 282                  * into it.  But this isn't what we actually want, so just add a
 283                  * dummy glob to get all entries. */
 284                 wchar_t pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 3];
 285                 memcpy(pattern_buf, path_utf16,
 286                        path_utf16_nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
 287                 pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars] = L'/';
 288                 pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 1] = L'*';
 289                 pattern_buf[path_utf16_nchars + 2] = L'\0';
 290                 hFind = FindFirstFileW(pattern_buf, &dat);
 291         }
 292         if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 293                 err = GetLastError();
 294                 if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
 295                         return 0;
 296                 } else {
 297                         ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read directory \"%s\"",
 298                               root_disk_path);
 299                         win32_error(err);
 300                         return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 301                 }
 302         }
 303         ret = 0;
 304         do {
 305                 /* Skip . and .. entries */
 306                 if (!(dat.cFileName[0] == cpu_to_le16(L'.') &&
 307                       (dat.cFileName[1] == cpu_to_le16(L'\0') ||
 308                        (dat.cFileName[1] == cpu_to_le16(L'.') &&
 309                         dat.cFileName[2] == cpu_to_le16(L'\0')))))
 310                 {
 311                         struct wim_dentry *child;
 312
 313                         mbchar *mbs_name;
 314                         size_t mbs_name_nbytes;
 315                         ret = utf16le_to_mbs(dat.cFileName,
 316                                              wcslen(dat.cFileName) * sizeof(wchar_t),
 317                                              &mbs_name,
 318                                              &mbs_name_nbytes);
 319                         if (ret)
 320                                 goto out_find_close;
 321
 322                         mbchar name[strlen(root_disk_path) + 1 + mbs_name_nbytes + 1];
 323                         sprintf(name, "%s/%s", root_disk_path, mbs_name);
 324                         FREE(mbs_name);
 325                         ret = win32_build_dentry_tree(&child, name, lookup_table,
 326                                                       sd, config, add_image_flags,
 327                                                       progress_func, sd_set);
 328                         if (ret)
 329                                 goto out_find_close;
 330                         if (child)
 331                                 dentry_add_child(root, child);
 332                 }
 333         } while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &dat));
 334         err = GetLastError();
 335         if (err != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
 336                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read directory \"%s\"", root_disk_path);
 337                 win32_error(err);
 338                 if (ret == 0)
 339                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 340         }
 341 out_find_close:
 342         FindClose(hFind);
 343         return ret;
 344 }
 345
 346 /* Load a reparse point into a WIM inode.  It is just stored in memory.
 347  *
 348  * @hFile:  Open handle to a reparse point, with permission to read the reparse
 349  *          data.
 350  *
 351  * @inode:  WIM inode for the reparse point.
 352  *
 353  * @lookup_table:  Stream lookup table for the WIM; an entry will be added to it
 354  *                 for the reparse point unless an entry already exists for
 355  *                 the exact same data stream.
 356  *
 357  * @path:  External path to the reparse point.  Used for error messages only.
 358  *
 359  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure. */
 360 static int
 361 win32_capture_reparse_point(HANDLE hFile,
 362                             struct wim_inode *inode,
 363                             struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
 364                             const mbchar *path)
 365 {
 366         /* "Reparse point data, including the tag and optional GUID,
 367          * cannot exceed 16 kilobytes." - MSDN  */
 368         char reparse_point_buf[16 * 1024];
 369         DWORD bytesReturned;
 370
 371         if (!DeviceIoControl(hFile, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
 372                              NULL, /* "Not used with this operation; set to NULL" */
 373                              0, /* "Not used with this operation; set to 0" */
 374                              reparse_point_buf, /* "A pointer to a buffer that
 375                                                    receives the reparse point data */
 376                              sizeof(reparse_point_buf), /* "The size of the output
 377                                                            buffer, in bytes */
 378                              &bytesReturned,
 379                              NULL))
 380         {
 381                 DWORD err = GetLastError();
 382                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get reparse data of \"%s\"", path);
 383                 win32_error(err);
 384                 return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 385         }
 386         if (bytesReturned < 8) {
 387                 ERROR("Reparse data on \"%s\" is invalid", path);
 388                 return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 389         }
 390         inode->i_reparse_tag = le32_to_cpu(*(u32*)reparse_point_buf);
 391         return inode_add_ads_with_data(inode, "",
 392                                        reparse_point_buf + 8,
 393                                        bytesReturned - 8, lookup_table);
 394 }
 395
 396 /* Calculate the SHA1 message digest of a Win32 data stream, which may be either
 397  * an unnamed or named data stream.
 398  *
 399  * @path:       Path to the file, with the stream noted at the end for named
 400  *              streams.  UTF-16LE encoding.
 401  *
 402  * @hash:       On success, the SHA1 message digest of the stream is written to
 403  *              this location.
 404  *
 405  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
 406  */
 407 static int
 408 win32_sha1sum(const wchar_t *path, u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE])
 409 {
 410         HANDLE hFile;
 411         SHA_CTX ctx;
 412         u8 buf[32768];
 413         DWORD bytesRead;
 414         int ret;
 415
 416         hFile = win32_open_file_data_only(path);
 417         if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 418                 return WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
 419
 420         sha1_init(&ctx);
 421         for (;;) {
 422                 if (!ReadFile(hFile, buf, sizeof(buf), &bytesRead, NULL)) {
 423                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 424                         goto out_close_handle;
 425                 }
 426                 if (bytesRead == 0)
 427                         break;
 428                 sha1_update(&ctx, buf, bytesRead);
 429         }
 430         ret = 0;
 431         sha1_final(hash, &ctx);
 432 out_close_handle:
 433         CloseHandle(hFile);
 434         return ret;
 435 }
 436
 437 /* Scans an unnamed or named stream of a Win32 file (not a reparse point
 438  * stream); calculates its SHA1 message digest and either creates a `struct
 439  * wim_lookup_table_entry' in memory for it, or uses an existing 'struct
 440  * wim_lookup_table_entry' for an identical stream.
 441  *
 442  * @path_utf16:         Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
 443  *
 444  * @path_utf16_nchars:  Number of 2-byte characters in @path_utf16.
 445  *
 446  * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
 447  *
 448  * @lookup_table:       Stream lookup table for the WIM.
 449  *
 450  * @dat:                A `WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA' structure that specifies the
 451  *                      stream name.
 452  *
 453  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
 454  */
 455 static int
 456 win32_capture_stream(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
 457                      size_t path_utf16_nchars,
 458                      struct wim_inode *inode,
 459                      struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
 460                      WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA *dat)
 461 {
 462         struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry;
 463         u8 hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
 464         struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte;
 465         int ret;
 466         wchar_t *stream_name, *colon;
 467         size_t stream_name_nchars;
 468         bool is_named_stream;
 469         wchar_t *spath;
 470         size_t spath_nchars;
 471         DWORD err;
 472         size_t spath_buf_nbytes;
 473         const wchar_t *relpath_prefix;
 474         const wchar_t *colonchar;
 475
 476         /* The stream name should be returned as :NAME:TYPE */
 477         stream_name = dat->cStreamName;
 478         if (*stream_name != L':')
 479                 goto out_invalid_stream_name;
 480         stream_name += 1;
 481         colon = wcschr(stream_name, L':');
 482         if (colon == NULL)
 483                 goto out_invalid_stream_name;
 484
 485         if (wcscmp(colon + 1, L"$DATA")) {
 486                 /* Not a DATA stream */
 487                 ret = 0;
 488                 goto out;
 489         }
 490
 491         *colon = '\0';
 492
 493         stream_name_nchars = colon - stream_name;
 494         is_named_stream = (stream_name_nchars != 0);
 495
 496         if (is_named_stream) {
 497                 /* Allocate an ADS entry for the named stream. */
 498                 ads_entry = inode_add_ads_utf16le(inode, stream_name,
 499                                                   stream_name_nchars * 2);
 500                 if (!ads_entry) {
 501                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 502                         goto out;
 503                 }
 504         }
 505
 506         /* Create a UTF-16LE string @spath that gives the filename, then a
 507          * colon, then the stream name.  Or, if it's an unnamed stream, just the
 508          * filename.  It is MALLOC()'ed so that it can be saved in the
 509          * wim_lookup_table_entry if needed.
 510          *
 511          * As yet another special case, relative paths need to be changed to
 512          * begin with an explicit "./" so that, for example, a file t:ads, where
 513          * :ads is the part we added, is not interpreted as a file on the t:
 514          * drive. */
 515         spath_nchars = path_utf16_nchars;
 516         relpath_prefix = L"";
 517         colonchar = L"";
 518         if (is_named_stream) {
 519                 spath_nchars += 1 + stream_name_nchars;
 520                 colonchar = L":";
 521                 if (path_utf16_nchars == 1 &&
 522                     path_utf16[0] != cpu_to_le16('/') &&
 523                     path_utf16[0] != cpu_to_le16('\\'))
 524                 {
 525                         spath_nchars += 2;
 526                         relpath_prefix = L"./";
 527                 }
 528         }
 529
 530         spath_buf_nbytes = (spath_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
 531         spath = MALLOC(spath_buf_nbytes);
 532
 533         swprintf(spath, spath_buf_nbytes, L"%ls%ls%ls%ls",
 534                  relpath_prefix, path_utf16, colonchar, stream_name);
 535
 536         ret = win32_sha1sum(spath, hash);
 537         if (ret) {
 538                 err = GetLastError();
 539                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to read \"%ls\" to calculate SHA1sum",
 540                       spath);
 541                 win32_error(err);
 542                 goto out_free_spath;
 543         }
 544
 545         lte = __lookup_resource(lookup_table, hash);
 546         if (lte) {
 547                 /* Use existing wim_lookup_table_entry that has the same SHA1
 548                  * message digest */
 549                 lte->refcnt++;
 550         } else {
 551                 /* Make a new wim_lookup_table_entry */
 552                 lte = new_lookup_table_entry();
 553                 if (!lte) {
 554                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_NOMEM;
 555                         goto out_free_spath;
 556                 }
 557                 lte->win32_file_on_disk = spath;
 558                 lte->file_on_disk_fp = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 559                 spath = NULL;
 560                 lte->resource_location = RESOURCE_WIN32;
 561                 lte->resource_entry.original_size = (uint64_t)dat->StreamSize.QuadPart;
 562                 lte->resource_entry.size = (uint64_t)dat->StreamSize.QuadPart;
 563                 copy_hash(lte->hash, hash);
 564                 lookup_table_insert(lookup_table, lte);
 565         }
 566         if (is_named_stream)
 567                 ads_entry->lte = lte;
 568         else
 569                 inode->i_lte = lte;
 570 out_free_spath:
 571         FREE(spath);
 572 out:
 573         return ret;
 574 out_invalid_stream_name:
 575         ERROR("Invalid stream name: \"%ls:%ls\"", path_utf16, dat->cStreamName);
 576         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 577         goto out;
 578 }
 579
 580 /* Scans a Win32 file for unnamed and named data streams (not reparse point
 581  * streams).
 582  *
 583  * @path_utf16:         Path to the file (UTF-16LE).
 584  *
 585  * @path_utf16_nchars:  Number of 2-byte characters in @path_utf16.
 586  *
 587  * @inode:              WIM inode to save the stream into.
 588  *
 589  * @lookup_table:       Stream lookup table for the WIM.
 590  *
 591  * @file_size:          Size of unnamed data stream.  (Used only if alternate
 592  *                      data streams API appears to be unavailable.)
 593  *
 594  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
 595  */
 596 static int
 597 win32_capture_streams(const wchar_t *path_utf16,
 598                       size_t path_utf16_nchars,
 599                       struct wim_inode *inode,
 600                       struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
 601                       u64 file_size)
 602 {
 603         WIN32_FIND_STREAM_DATA dat;
 604         int ret;
 605         HANDLE hFind;
 606         DWORD err;
 607
 608         if (win32func_FindFirstStreamW == NULL)
 609                 goto unnamed_only;
 610
 611         hFind = win32func_FindFirstStreamW(path_utf16, FindStreamInfoStandard, &dat, 0);
 612         if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 613                 err = GetLastError();
 614
 615                 if (err == ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
 616                         goto unnamed_only;
 617
 618                 /* Seems legal for this to return ERROR_HANDLE_EOF on reparse
 619                  * points and directories */
 620                 if ((inode->i_attributes &
 621                     (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 622                     && err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
 623                 {
 624                         return 0;
 625                 } else {
 626                         if (err == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
 627                                 WARNING("Failed to look up data streams of \"%ls\": "
 628                                         "Access denied!\n%s", path_utf16,
 629                                         access_denied_msg);
 630                                 return 0;
 631                         } else {
 632                                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to look up data streams of \"%ls\"",
 633                                       path_utf16);
 634                                 win32_error(err);
 635                                 return WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 636                         }
 637                 }
 638         }
 639         do {
 640                 ret = win32_capture_stream(path_utf16,
 641                                            path_utf16_nchars,
 642                                            inode, lookup_table,
 643                                            &dat);
 644                 if (ret)
 645                         goto out_find_close;
 646         } while (win32func_FindNextStreamW(hFind, &dat));
 647         err = GetLastError();
 648         if (err != ERROR_HANDLE_EOF) {
 649                 ERROR("Win32 API: Error reading data streams from \"%ls\"", path_utf16);
 650                 win32_error(err);
 651                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_READ;
 652         }
 653 out_find_close:
 654         FindClose(hFind);
 655         return ret;
 656 unnamed_only:
 657         if (inode->i_attributes &
 658              (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 659         {
 660                 ret = 0;
 661         } else {
 662                 wcscpy(dat.cStreamName, L"::$DATA");
 663                 dat.StreamSize.QuadPart = file_size;
 664                 ret = win32_capture_stream(path_utf16,
 665                                            path_utf16_nchars,
 666                                            inode, lookup_table,
 667                                            &dat);
 668         }
 669         return ret;
 670 }
 671
 672 /* Win32 version of capturing a directory tree */
 673 int
 674 win32_build_dentry_tree(struct wim_dentry **root_ret,
 675                         const mbchar *root_disk_path,
 676                         struct wim_lookup_table *lookup_table,
 677                         struct wim_security_data *sd,
 678                         const struct capture_config *config,
 679                         int add_image_flags,
 680                         wimlib_progress_func_t progress_func,
 681                         void *extra_arg)
 682 {
 683         struct wim_dentry *root = NULL;
 684         int ret = 0;
 685         struct wim_inode *inode;
 686
 687         wchar_t *path_utf16;
 688         size_t path_utf16_nbytes;
 689         size_t path_utf16_nchars;
 690         struct sd_set *sd_set;
 691         DWORD err;
 692         u64 file_size;
 693
 694         if (exclude_path(root_disk_path, config, true)) {
 695                 if (add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT) {
 696                         ERROR("Cannot exclude the root directory from capture");
 697                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_INVALID_CAPTURE_CONFIG;
 698                         goto out;
 699                 }
 700                 if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE)
 701                     && progress_func)
 702                 {
 703                         union wimlib_progress_info info;
 704                         info.scan.cur_path = root_disk_path;
 705                         info.scan.excluded = true;
 706                         progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
 707                 }
 708                 goto out;
 709         }
 710
 711         if ((add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_VERBOSE)
 712             && progress_func)
 713         {
 714                 union wimlib_progress_info info;
 715                 info.scan.cur_path = root_disk_path;
 716                 info.scan.excluded = false;
 717                 progress_func(WIMLIB_PROGRESS_MSG_SCAN_DENTRY, &info);
 718         }
 719
 720         if (extra_arg == NULL) {
 721                 sd_set = alloca(sizeof(struct sd_set));
 722                 sd_set->rb_root.rb_node = NULL,
 723                 sd_set->sd = sd;
 724         } else {
 725                 sd_set = extra_arg;
 726         }
 727
 728         ret = mbs_to_utf16le(root_disk_path, strlen(root_disk_path),
 729                              &path_utf16, &path_utf16_nbytes);
 730         if (ret)
 731                 goto out_destroy_sd_set;
 732         path_utf16_nchars = path_utf16_nbytes / sizeof(wchar_t);
 733
 734         HANDLE hFile = win32_open_existing_file(path_utf16,
 735                                                 FILE_READ_DATA | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES);
 736         if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 737                 err = GetLastError();
 738                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to open \"%s\"", root_disk_path);
 739                 win32_error(err);
 740                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
 741                 goto out_free_path_utf16;
 742         }
 743
 744         BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION file_info;
 745         if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &file_info)) {
 746                 err = GetLastError();
 747                 ERROR("Win32 API: Failed to get file information for \"%s\"",
 748                       root_disk_path);
 749                 win32_error(err);
 750                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_STAT;
 751                 goto out_close_handle;
 752         }
 753
 754         /* Create a WIM dentry */
 755         ret = new_dentry_with_timeless_inode(path_basename(root_disk_path), &root);
 756         if (ret)
 757                 goto out_close_handle;
 758
 759         /* Start preparing the associated WIM inode */
 760         inode = root->d_inode;
 761
 762         inode->i_attributes = file_info.dwFileAttributes;
 763         inode->i_creation_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftCreationTime);
 764         inode->i_last_write_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftLastWriteTime);
 765         inode->i_last_access_time = FILETIME_to_u64(&file_info.ftLastAccessTime);
 766         inode->i_ino = ((u64)file_info.nFileIndexHigh << 32) |
 767                         (u64)file_info.nFileIndexLow;
 768
 769         inode->i_resolved = 1;
 770         add_image_flags &= ~(WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_ROOT | WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_SOURCE);
 771
 772         /* Get DOS name and security descriptor (if any). */
 773         ret = win32_get_short_name(root, path_utf16);
 774         if (ret)
 775                 goto out_close_handle;
 776
 777         if (!(add_image_flags & WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_NO_ACLS)) {
 778                 ret = win32_get_security_descriptor(root, sd_set, path_utf16);
 779                 if (ret)
 780                         goto out_close_handle;
 781         }
 782
 783         file_size = ((u64)file_info.nFileSizeHigh << 32) |
 784                      (u64)file_info.nFileSizeLow;
 785
 786         if (inode_is_directory(inode)) {
 787                 /* Directory (not a reparse point) --- recurse to children */
 788
 789                 /* But first... directories may have alternate data streams that
 790                  * need to be captured. */
 791                 ret = win32_capture_streams(path_utf16,
 792                                             path_utf16_nchars,
 793                                             inode,
 794                                             lookup_table,
 795                                             file_size);
 796                 if (ret)
 797                         goto out_close_handle;
 798                 ret = win32_recurse_directory(root,
 799                                               root_disk_path,
 800                                               lookup_table,
 801                                               sd,
 802                                               config,
 803                                               add_image_flags,
 804                                               progress_func,
 805                                               sd_set,
 806                                               path_utf16,
 807                                               path_utf16_nchars);
 808         } else if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 809                 /* Reparse point: save the reparse tag and data */
 810                 ret = win32_capture_reparse_point(hFile,
 811                                                   inode,
 812                                                   lookup_table,
 813                                                   root_disk_path);
 814         } else {
 815                 /* Not a directory, not a reparse point; capture the default
 816                  * file contents and any alternate data streams. */
 817                 ret = win32_capture_streams(path_utf16,
 818                                             path_utf16_nchars,
 819                                             inode,
 820                                             lookup_table,
 821                                             file_size);
 822         }
 823 out_close_handle:
 824         CloseHandle(hFile);
 825 out_free_path_utf16:
 826         FREE(path_utf16);
 827 out_destroy_sd_set:
 828         if (extra_arg == NULL)
 829                 destroy_sd_set(sd_set);
 830 out:
 831         if (ret == 0)
 832                 *root_ret = root;
 833         else
 834                 free_dentry_tree(root, lookup_table);
 835         return ret;
 836 }
 837
 838 /* Replacement for POSIX fnmatch() (partial functionality only) */
 839 int
 840 fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
 841 {
 842         if (PathMatchSpecA(string, pattern))
 843                 return 0;
 844         else
 845                 return FNM_NOMATCH;
 846 }
 847
 848 static int
 849 win32_set_reparse_data(HANDLE h,
 850                        u32 reparse_tag,
 851                        const struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
 852                        const wchar_t *path)
 853 {
 854         int ret;
 855         u8 *buf;
 856         size_t len;
 857
 858         if (!lte) {
 859                 WARNING("\"%ls\" is marked as a reparse point but had no reparse data",
 860                         path);
 861                 return 0;
 862         }
 863         len = wim_resource_size(lte);
 864         if (len > 16 * 1024 - 8) {
 865                 WARNING("\"%ls\": reparse data too long!", path);
 866                 return 0;
 867         }
 868
 869         /* The WIM stream omits the ReparseTag and ReparseDataLength fields, so
 870          * leave 8 bytes of space for them at the beginning of the buffer, then
 871          * set them manually. */
 872         buf = alloca(len + 8);
 873         ret = read_full_wim_resource(lte, buf + 8, 0);
 874         if (ret)
 875                 return ret;
 876         *(u32*)(buf + 0) = cpu_to_le32(reparse_tag);
 877         *(u16*)(buf + 4) = cpu_to_le16(len);
 878         *(u16*)(buf + 6) = 0;
 879
 880         /* Set the reparse data on the open file using the
 881          * FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT ioctl.
 882          *
 883          * There are contradictions in Microsoft's documentation for this:
 884          *
 885          * "If hDevice was opened without specifying FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
 886          * lpOverlapped is ignored."
 887          *
 888          * --- So setting lpOverlapped to NULL is okay since it's ignored.
 889          *
 890          * "If lpOverlapped is NULL, lpBytesReturned cannot be NULL. Even when an
 891          * operation returns no output data and lpOutBuffer is NULL,
 892          * DeviceIoControl makes use of lpBytesReturned. After such an
 893          * operation, the value of lpBytesReturned is meaningless."
 894          *
 895          * --- So lpOverlapped not really ignored, as it affects another
 896          *  parameter.  This is the actual behavior: lpBytesReturned must be
 897          *  specified, even though lpBytesReturned is documented as:
 898          *
 899          *  "Not used with this operation; set to NULL."
 900          */
 901         DWORD bytesReturned;
 902         if (!DeviceIoControl(h, FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT, buf, len + 8,
 903                              NULL, 0,
 904                              &bytesReturned /* lpBytesReturned */,
 905                              NULL /* lpOverlapped */))
 906         {
 907                 DWORD err = GetLastError();
 908                 ERROR("Failed to set reparse data on \"%ls\"", path);
 909                 win32_error(err);
 910                 return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
 911         }
 912         return 0;
 913 }
 914
 915
 916 static int
 917 win32_extract_chunk(const void *buf, size_t len, u64 offset, void *arg)
 918 {
 919         HANDLE hStream = arg;
 920
 921         DWORD nbytes_written;
 922         wimlib_assert(len <= 0xffffffff);
 923
 924         if (!WriteFile(hStream, buf, len, &nbytes_written, NULL) ||
 925             nbytes_written != len)
 926         {
 927                 DWORD err = GetLastError();
 928                 ERROR("WriteFile(): write error");
 929                 win32_error(err);
 930                 return WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
 931         }
 932         return 0;
 933 }
 934
 935 static int
 936 do_win32_extract_stream(HANDLE hStream, struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte)
 937 {
 938         return extract_wim_resource(lte, wim_resource_size(lte),
 939                                     win32_extract_chunk, hStream);
 940 }
 941
 942 static int
 943 win32_extract_stream(const struct wim_inode *inode,
 944                      const wchar_t *path,
 945                      const wchar_t *stream_name_utf16,
 946                      struct wim_lookup_table_entry *lte,
 947                      const struct wim_security_data *security_data)
 948 {
 949         wchar_t *stream_path;
 950         HANDLE h;
 951         int ret;
 952         DWORD err;
 953         DWORD creationDisposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
 954
 955         SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES *secattr;
 956
 957         if (security_data && inode->i_security_id != -1) {
 958                 secattr = alloca(sizeof(*secattr));
 959                 secattr->nLength = sizeof(*secattr);
 960                 secattr->lpSecurityDescriptor = security_data->descriptors[inode->i_security_id];
 961                 secattr->bInheritHandle = FALSE;
 962         } else {
 963                 secattr = NULL;
 964         }
 965
 966         if (stream_name_utf16) {
 967                 /* Named stream.  Create a buffer that contains the UTF-16LE
 968                  * string [.\]@path:@stream_name_utf16.  This is needed to
 969                  * create and open the stream using CreateFileW().  I'm not
 970                  * aware of any other APIs to do this.  Note: the '$DATA' suffix
 971                  * seems to be unneeded.  Additional note: a "./" prefix needs
 972                  * to be added when the path is not absolute to avoid ambiguity
 973                  * with drive letters. */
 974                 size_t stream_path_nchars;
 975                 size_t path_nchars;
 976                 size_t stream_name_nchars;
 977                 const wchar_t *prefix;
 978
 979                 path_nchars = wcslen(path);
 980                 stream_name_nchars = wcslen(stream_name_utf16);
 981                 stream_path_nchars = path_nchars + 1 + stream_name_nchars;
 982                 if (path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\0') &&
 983                     path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'/') &&
 984                     path[0] != cpu_to_le16(L'\\') &&
 985                     path[1] != cpu_to_le16(L':'))
 986                 {
 987                         prefix = L"./";
 988                         stream_path_nchars += 2;
 989                 } else {
 990                         prefix = L"";
 991                 }
 992                 stream_path = alloca((stream_path_nchars + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
 993                 swprintf(stream_path, stream_path_nchars + 1, L"%ls%ls:%ls",
 994                          prefix, path, stream_name_utf16);
 995         } else {
 996                 /* Unnamed stream; its path is just the path to the file itself.
 997                  * */
 998                 stream_path = (wchar_t*)path;
 999
1000                 /* Directories must be created with CreateDirectoryW().  Then
1001                  * the call to CreateFileW() will merely open the directory that
1002                  * was already created rather than creating a new file. */
1003                 if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1004                         if (!CreateDirectoryW(stream_path, secattr)) {
1005                                 err = GetLastError();
1006                                 if (err != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
1007                                         ERROR("Failed to create directory \"%ls\"",
1008                                               stream_path);
1009                                         win32_error(err);
1010                                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_MKDIR;
1011                                         goto fail;
1012                                 }
1013                         }
1014                         DEBUG("Created directory \"%ls\"", stream_path);
1015                         if (!(inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)) {
1016                                 ret = 0;
1017                                 goto out;
1018                         }
1019                         creationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
1020                 }
1021         }
1022
1023         DEBUG("Opening \"%ls\"", stream_path);
1024         h = CreateFileW(stream_path,
1025                         GENERIC_WRITE,
1026                         0,
1027                         secattr,
1028                         creationDisposition,
1029                         FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT |
1030                             FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS |
1031                             inode->i_attributes,
1032                         NULL);
1033         if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1034                 err = GetLastError();
1035                 ERROR("Failed to create \"%ls\"", stream_path);
1036                 win32_error(err);
1037                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_OPEN;
1038                 goto fail;
1039         }
1040
1041         if (inode->i_attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT &&
1042             stream_name_utf16 == NULL)
1043         {
1044                 DEBUG("Setting reparse data on \"%ls\"", path);
1045                 ret = win32_set_reparse_data(h, inode->i_reparse_tag, lte, path);
1046                 if (ret)
1047                         goto fail_close_handle;
1048         } else {
1049                 if (lte) {
1050                         DEBUG("Extracting \"%ls\" (len = %"PRIu64")",
1051                               stream_path, wim_resource_size(lte));
1052                         ret = do_win32_extract_stream(h, lte);
1053                         if (ret)
1054                                 goto fail_close_handle;
1055                 }
1056         }
1057
1058         DEBUG("Closing \"%ls\"", stream_path);
1059         if (!CloseHandle(h)) {
1060                 err = GetLastError();
1061                 ERROR("Failed to close \"%ls\"", stream_path);
1062                 win32_error(err);
1063                 ret = WIMLIB_ERR_WRITE;
1064                 goto fail;
1065         }
1066         ret = 0;
1067         goto out;
1068 fail_close_handle:
1069         CloseHandle(h);
1070 fail:
1071         ERROR("Error extracting %ls", stream_path);
1072 out:
1073         return ret;
1074 }
1075
1076 /*
1077  * Creates a file, directory, or reparse point and extracts all streams to it
1078  * (unnamed data stream and/or reparse point stream, plus any alternate data
1079  * streams).  This in Win32-specific code.
1080  *
1081  * @inode:      WIM inode for this file or directory.
1082  * @path:       UTF-16LE external path to extract the inode to.
1083  *
1084  * Returns 0 on success; nonzero on failure.
1085  */
1086 static int
1087 win32_extract_streams(const struct wim_inode *inode,
1088                       const wchar_t *path, u64 *completed_bytes_p,
1089                       const struct wim_security_data *security_data)
1090 {
1091         struct wim_lookup_table_entry *unnamed_lte;
1092         int ret;
1093
1094         unnamed_lte = inode_unnamed_lte_resolved(inode);
1095         ret = win32_extract_stream(inode, path, NULL, unnamed_lte,
1096                                    security_data);
1097         if (ret)
1098                 goto out;
1099         if (unnamed_lte)
1100                 *completed_bytes_p += wim_resource_size(unnamed_lte);
1101         for (u16 i = 0; i < inode->i_num_ads; i++) {
1102                 const struct wim_ads_entry *ads_entry = &inode->i_ads_entries[i];
1103                 if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes != 0) {
1104                         /* Skip special UNIX data entries (see documentation for
1105                          * WIMLIB_ADD_IMAGE_FLAG_UNIX_DATA) */
1106                         if (ads_entry->stream_name_nbytes == WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES
1107                             && !memcmp(ads_entry->stream_name,
1108                                        WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE,
1109                                        WIMLIB_UNIX_DATA_TAG_UTF16LE_NBYTES))
1110                                 continue;
1111                         ret = win32_extract_stream(inode,
1112                                                    path,
1113                                                    ads_entry->stream_name,
1114                                                    ads_entry->lte,
1115                                                    NULL);
1116                         if (ret)
1117                                 break;
1118                         if (ads_entry->lte)
1119                                 *completed_bytes_p += wim_resource_size(ads_entry->lte);
1120                 }
1121         }
1122 out:
1123         return ret;
1124 }
1125
1126 /* Extract a file, directory, reparse point, or hard link to an
1127  * already-extracted file using the Win32 API */
1128 int win32_do_apply_dentry(const mbchar *output_path,
1129                           size_t output_path_nbytes,
1130                           struct wim_dentry *dentry,
1131                           struct apply_args *args)
1132 {
1133         wchar_t *utf16le_path;
1134         size_t utf16le_path_nbytes;
1135         DWORD err;
1136         int ret;
1137         struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
1138
1139         ret = mbs_to_utf16le(output_path, output_path_nbytes,
1140                              &utf16le_path, &utf16le_path_nbytes);
1141         if (ret)
1142                 return ret;
1143
1144         if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && inode->i_extracted_file != NULL) {
1145                 /* Linked file, with another name already extracted.  Create a
1146                  * hard link. */
1147                 DEBUG("Creating hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
1148                       utf16le_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
1149                 if (!CreateHardLinkW(utf16le_path, inode->i_extracted_file, NULL))
1150                 {
1151                         err = GetLastError();
1152                         ERROR("Can't create hard link \"%ls => %ls\"",
1153                               utf16le_path, inode->i_extracted_file);
1154                         ret = WIMLIB_ERR_LINK;
1155                         win32_error(err);
1156                 }
1157         } else {
1158                 /* Create the file, directory, or reparse point, and extract the
1159                  * data streams. */
1160                 const struct wim_security_data *security_data;
1161                 if (args->extract_flags & WIMLIB_EXTRACT_FLAG_NOACLS)
1162                         security_data = NULL;
1163                 else
1164                         security_data = wim_const_security_data(args->w);
1165
1166                 ret = win32_extract_streams(inode, utf16le_path,
1167                                             &args->progress.extract.completed_bytes,
1168                                             security_data);
1169                 if (ret)
1170                         goto out_free_utf16_path;
1171
1172                 if (inode->i_nlink > 1) {
1173                         /* Save extracted path for a later call to
1174                          * CreateHardLinkW() if this inode has multiple links.
1175                          * */
1176                         inode->i_extracted_file = utf16le_path;
1177                         goto out;
1178                 }
1179         }
1180 out_free_utf16_path:
1181         FREE(utf16le_path);
1182 out:
1183         return ret;
1184 }
1185
1186 /* Set timestamps on an extracted file using the Win32 API */
1187 int
1188 win32_do_apply_dentry_timestamps(const mbchar *output_path,
1189                                  size_t output_path_nbytes,
1190                                  const struct wim_dentry *dentry,
1191                                  const struct apply_args *args)
1192 {
1193         /* Win32 */
1194         wchar_t *utf16le_path;
1195         size_t utf16le_path_nbytes;
1196         DWORD err;
1197         HANDLE h;
1198         int ret;
1199         const struct wim_inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
1200
1201         ret = mbs_to_utf16le(output_path, output_path_nbytes,
1202                             &utf16le_path, &utf16le_path_nbytes);
1203         if (ret)
1204                 return ret;
1205
1206         DEBUG("Opening \"%s\" to set timestamps", output_path);
1207         h = win32_open_existing_file(utf16le_path, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
1208
1209         if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
1210                 err = GetLastError();
1211         FREE(utf16le_path);
1212         if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
1213                 goto fail;
1214
1215         FILETIME creationTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_creation_time & 0xffffffff,
1216                                  .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_creation_time >> 32};
1217         FILETIME lastAccessTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_last_access_time & 0xffffffff,
1218                                   .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_last_access_time >> 32};
1219         FILETIME lastWriteTime = {.dwLowDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time & 0xffffffff,
1220                                   .dwHighDateTime = inode->i_last_write_time >> 32};
1221
1222         DEBUG("Calling SetFileTime() on \"%s\"", output_path);
1223         if (!SetFileTime(h, &creationTime, &lastAccessTime, &lastWriteTime)) {
1224                 err = GetLastError();
1225                 CloseHandle(h);
1226                 goto fail;
1227         }
1228         DEBUG("Closing \"%s\"", output_path);
1229         if (!CloseHandle(h)) {
1230                 err = GetLastError();
1231                 goto fail;
1232         }
1233         goto out;
1234 fail:
1235         /* Only warn if setting timestamps failed. */
1236         WARNING("Can't set timestamps on \"%s\"", output_path);
1237         win32_error(err);
1238 out:
1239         return 0;
1240 }
1241
1242 /* Replacement for POSIX fsync() */
1243 int
1244 fsync(int fd)
1245 {
1246         HANDLE h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
1247         if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1248                 ERROR("Could not get Windows handle for file descriptor");
1249                 win32_error(GetLastError());
1250                 errno = EBADF;
1251                 return -1;
1252         }
1253         if (!FlushFileBuffers(h)) {
1254                 ERROR("Could not flush file buffers to disk");
1255                 win32_error(GetLastError());
1256                 errno = EIO;
1257                 return -1;
1258         }
1259         return 0;
1260 }
1261
1262 /* Use the Win32 API to get the number of processors */
1263 unsigned
1264 win32_get_number_of_processors()
1265 {
1266         SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
1267         GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
1268         return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
1269 }
1270
1271 /* Replacement for POSIX-2008 realpath().  Warning: partial functionality only
1272  * (resolved_path must be NULL).   Also I highly doubt that GetFullPathName
1273  * really does the right thing under all circumstances. */
1274 mbchar *
1275 realpath(const mbchar *path, mbchar *resolved_path)
1276 {
1277         DWORD ret;
1278         wimlib_assert(resolved_path == NULL);
1279
1280         ret = GetFullPathNameA(path, 0, NULL, NULL);
1281         if (!ret)
1282                 goto fail_win32;
1283
1284         resolved_path = MALLOC(ret);
1285         if (!resolved_path)
1286                 goto fail;
1287         ret = GetFullPathNameA(path, ret, resolved_path, NULL);
1288         if (!ret) {
1289                 free(resolved_path);
1290                 goto fail_win32;
1291         }
1292         return resolved_path;
1293 fail_win32:
1294         win32_error(GetLastError());
1295 fail:
1296         return NULL;
1297 }
1298
1299 char *
1300 nl_langinfo(nl_item item)
1301 {
1302         wimlib_assert(item == CODESET);
1303         static char buf[64];
1304         strcpy(buf, "Unknown");
1305         return buf;
1306 }
1307
1308 /* rename() on Windows fails if the destination file exists.  Fix it. */
1309 int
1310 rename_replacement(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
1311 {
1312         if (MoveFileExA(oldpath, newpath, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)) {
1313                 return 0;
1314         } else {
1315                 /* As usual, the possible error values are not documented */
1316                 DWORD err = GetLastError();
1317                 ERROR("MoveFileExA(): Can't rename \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
1318                       oldpath, newpath);
1319                 win32_error(err);
1320                 errno = 0;
1321                 return -1;
1322         }
1323 }